Google Git
Sign in
apache/ignite-website/refs/heads/master/./docs/ignite2/2.18.0/SQL/sql-calcite.html
blob: e557732a80f51bbf58e37396e794a3b55f66c978 [file]
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<!-- Bugyard widget embed -->
<script type="text/javascript">
!function(){
if("function" != typeof window.bugyard){
var a = function(){ a.c(arguments) };
a.q = [], a.c = function(b){ a.q.push(b) };
window.bugyard = a;
var b = document.createElement("script");
b.setAttribute("data-bugyard", "610961912c35ff001493163a");
b.setAttribute("async", "async");
b.setAttribute("defer", "defer");
b.setAttribute("src", "/assets/js/bugyard.min.js");
document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(b);
}
}();
window.bugyard("hideButton");
</script>
<!-- Bugyard widget embed -->
<link rel="preload" href='/assets/js/code-tabs.js?1' as="script" crossorigin>
<link rel="preload" href='/assets/js/page-nav.js' as="script" crossorigin>
<link rel="preload" href='/assets/js/docs-menu.js?20201005' as="script" crossorigin>
<style>:root{--gg-red:#ec1c24;--gg-orange:#ec1c24;--gg-orange-dark:#bc440b;--gg-orange-filter:invert(47%) sepia(61%) saturate(1950%) hue-rotate(345deg) brightness(100%) contrast(95%);--gg-dark-gray:#333333;--orange-line-thickness:3px;--block-code-background:rgba(241, 241, 241, 20%);--inline-code-background:rgba(241, 241, 241, 90%);--padding-top:25px;--link-color:#ec1c24;--body-background:#fcfcfc}header{min-height:var(--header-height);background:#fff;box-shadow:0 4px 10px 0 #eee,0 0 4px 0 #d5d5d5;z-index:1}header>.container{display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto auto 1fr auto auto auto;grid-template-areas:'left-toggle home nav ver api search lang';grid-template-rows:40px;flex-direction:row;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-start;padding:12px 20px;max-width:1400px;margin:0 auto}header nav>ul{padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none;display:inherit}header .dropdown{display:none;position:fixed;top:calc(var(--header-height) - 12px);width:auto;background:#fff;box-shadow:0 4px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.24),0 0 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12);border-radius:4px;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:12px;z-index:2}header .dropdown li{display:flex}header .dropdown a{color:grey!important;font-size:16px;padding-top:5px;padding-bottom:4px}header .menu{border:none;background:0 0;width:40px;height:40px;margin-right:12px;grid-area:left-toggle}header .menu img{width:18px;height:12px}header .search-close,header .top-nav-toggle{background:0 0;border:none;padding:0;width:36px;height:36px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;color:var(--gg-dark-gray);font-size:26px}header .search-toggle{grid-area:search}header .top-nav-toggle{grid-area:top-toggle}header .home{grid-area:home;margin-right:auto}header .home img{height:36px}header #api-docs{grid-area:api;margin:0;display:flex}header #api-docs .dropdown{padding:.5em 0}header #api-docs a{padding:9px 14px;color:var(--gg-dark-gray)!important;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap}header #api-docs .dropdown-item a{font-weight:400;display:block;width:100%;min-width:150px}header #lang-selector li{list-style:none;display:flex;padding:9px 14px}header #lang-selector li a{display:flex;color:#000;align-items:center}header #lang-selector li a span{font-size:10px;margin-left:5px}header #lang-selector li a img{width:25px}header #lang-selector li .dropdown{margin-left:-70px}header #lang-selector li .dropdown .dropdown-item{padding:0 1em;margin-bottom:8px}header #lang-selector li .dropdown .dropdown-item a span{font-size:14px}header .search{margin-left:auto;margin-right:20px;grid-area:search}header .search input[type=search]{color:var(--gg-dark-gray);background:rgba(255,255,255,.8);border:1px solid #ccc;padding:10px 15px;font-family:inherit;max-width:148px;height:37px;font-size:14px;-webkit-appearance:unset;appearance:unset}header #version-selector{list-style:none;grid-area:ver;line-height:28px;border-radius:0;margin-right:10px;border:none;color:var(--gg-dark-gray);padding:5px 16px 5px 10px;white-space:nowrap;font-size:14px;width:auto;text-align:right;box-sizing:border-box;text-align-last:right;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;direction:rtl}header #version-selector option{direction:ltr}header>nav{grid-area:nav;font-size:18px;display:flex;flex-direction:row;margin:0 20px}header #lang-selector{grid-area:lang}header .search-close{margin-right:10px}@media (max-width:600px){header .search{margin-right:5px}header .search input[type=search]{max-width:110px}}header:not(.narrow-header) .search-close,header:not(.narrow-header) .top-nav-toggle{display:none}@media (max-width:670px){header>.container{grid-template-columns:auto 1fr auto;grid-template-areas:'left-toggle home search' 'ver api lang'}header #lang-selector li{justify-content:flex-end}}pre,pre.rouge{padding:8px 15px;background:var(--block-code-background)!important;border-radius:5px;border:1px solid #e5e5e5;overflow-x:auto;min-height:36px;line-height:18px;color:#545454}code{color:#545454}pre.rouge code{background:0 0!important}:not(pre)>code{background:var(--inline-code-background);padding:.1em .5em;background-clip:padding-box;border-radius:3px;color:#545454;font-size:90%}.listingblock .content{position:relative}.highlight{color:#586e75}.highlight .c1{color:#657b83}.highlight .nt{color:#b58900}.highlight .o{color:#93a1a1}.highlight .k{color:#6c71c4}.highlight .kt{color:#cb4b16}.highlight .s,.highlight .s1{color:#859900}.highlight .nc{color:#b58900}.highlight .na{color:#268bd2}body{font-family:'Open Sans',sans-serif}h1,h2{color:#000;font-weight:400;font-family:'Open Sans'}h1{font-size:36px;line-height:40px}a{text-decoration:none;color:var(--link-color)}section{color:#545454}.admonitionblock .icon .title{display:none}body{--header-height:64px;--promotion-bar-height:35px;--footer-height:104px;--footer-gap:60px;padding:0;margin:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-height:100vh;background-color:var(--body-background);font-family:'Open Sans',sans-serif}body>section{flex:1}header{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:0;z-index:2}*{box-sizing:border-box}@media (max-width:670px){body{--header-height:97px}}.left-nav{padding:10px 20px;width:289px;overflow-y:auto;top:calc(var(--header-height) + var(--promotion-bar-height));height:calc(100vh - var(--header-height) - var(--promotion-bar-height));font-family:'Open Sans';padding-top:var(--padding-top);background-color:var(--body-background)}.left-nav li{list-style:none}.left-nav a,.left-nav button{text-decoration:none;color:#757575;font-size:16px;display:inline-flex;width:100%;margin:2px 0;padding:.25em .375em;background:0 0;border:none;font:inherit;text-align:left}.left-nav a.active{color:var(--link-color)}.left-nav .nav-group{margin-left:6px;font-size:14px}.left-nav nav{border-left:2px solid #ddd;margin-bottom:5px}.left-nav nav.collapsed{display:none}.left-nav nav>li>a,.left-nav nav>li>button{padding-left:20px;text-align:left}.left-nav nav>li>a.active{border-left:var(--orange-line-thickness) solid var(--active-color);padding-left:calc(20px - var(--orange-line-thickness))}.left-nav nav.sub_pages{border:none}.left-nav nav.sub_pages a{padding-left:32px}.left-nav .state-indicator{margin-left:auto;margin-top:5px;width:6.2px;height:10px;flex:0 0 auto;filter:invert(49%) sepia(4%) saturate(5%) hue-rotate(23deg) brightness(92%) contrast(90%)}.left-nav button.expanded .state-indicator{transform:rotate(90deg)}.right-nav{width:289px;padding:12px 26px;overflow-y:auto;height:calc(100vh - var(--header-height));top:0;position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;display:flex;flex-direction:column;font-family:'Open sans';padding-top:var(--padding-top);background-color:#fff}.right-nav ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}.right-nav li{padding:0}.right-nav a{--border-width:0px;font-size:14px;color:#757575;padding-left:calc(15px * var(--nesting-level) + 8px - var(--border-width));margin:.3em 0;display:inline-block}.right-nav .sectlevel1{border-left:2px solid #ddd}.right-nav .sectlevel1{--nesting-level:0}.right-nav .sectlevel2{--nesting-level:1}.right-nav .sectlevel3{--nesting-level:2}@media (max-width:1200px){.right-nav{width:230px}}.right-nav footer{font-size:12px;padding:calc(var(--footer-gap) * .3) 0 5px;text-align:left;margin:auto 0 0}section.page-docs{display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr auto;grid-template-rows:100%;grid-template-areas:'left-nav content right-nav';line-height:20px;max-width:1440px;margin:auto;width:100%}section.page-docs>article{border-left:1px solid #eee;background-color:#fff;padding:0 50px 30px;grid-area:content;overflow:hidden;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:16px;color:#545454;line-height:1.6em}section.page-docs>article h1,section.page-docs>article h2{font-family:'Open Sans'}@media (max-width:800px){section.page-docs>article{padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px}}section.page-docs .edit-link{position:relative;top:10px;right:10px;float:right;padding-top:calc(var(--header-height) + var(--padding-top));margin-top:calc((-1 * var(--header-height)))}section.page-docs h1,section.page-docs h2{margin-bottom:0}section.page-docs h2[id]{margin-top:var(--margin-top);margin-bottom:calc(var(--margin-top) * .5);z-index:-1}section.page-docs .title{font-style:italic}section.page-docs h2[id]{--margin-top:1.2em}.left-nav{bottom:0;position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky}.left-nav{grid-area:left-nav}.right-nav{grid-area:right-nav}.left-nav__overlay{display:none;background:rgba(0,0,0,.5);z-index:1;position:fixed;top:var(--header-height);bottom:0;left:0;right:0}@media (max-width:990px){body:not(.hide-left-nav) .left-nav__overlay{display:block}nav.left-nav{background:#fafafa;grid-area:left-nav;box-shadow:0 4px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.24),0 0 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.12);min-height:calc(100vh - var(--header-height));max-height:calc(100vh - var(--header-height));position:fixed;bottom:0;top:var(--header-height);z-index:2}section.page-docs>article{grid-column-start:left-nav;grid-column-end:content;grid-row:content}}@media (max-width:800px){nav.right-nav{display:none}}:target:before{content:"";display:block;margin-top:calc(var(--header-height) * -1);height:var(--header-height);width:1px}@media (min-width:600px) and (max-width:900px){:target:before{content:"";display:block;width:1px;margin-top:-150px;height:150px}}
#header #promotion-bar { background-color: #333333; padding: 8px; }
#header #promotion-bar p { font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.4em; font-weight: 600; padding: 0; margin: 0; color: #f0f0f0; text-align: center;}
#header #promotion-bar p a { color: #FCB903; } </style>
<meta name="ignite-version" content="2.18.0" />
<title>Calcite-based SQL Engine | Ignite Documentation</title>
<link rel="canonical" href="/docs/ignite2/latest/SQL/sql-calcite" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
<meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width, height=device-height, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0'>
<link rel="preload" as="style" href="/assets/css/fonts.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/fonts.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'">
<noscript>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/fonts.css">
</noscript>
<link href="/docs/pagefind/pagefind-ui.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="/docs/pagefind/pagefind-ui.js"></script>
<script>
window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
new PagefindUI({
element: "#search",
showSubResults: true,
showImages: false,
});
});
</script>
<script src="/assets/js/mermaid.min.js"></script>
<script>
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {
const blocks = document.querySelectorAll('.mermaid');
if (blocks.length) {
mermaid.initialize({ startOnLoad: false });
mermaid.run();
}
});
</script>
<script>
// AnchorJS - v4.2.0 - 2019-01-01
// https://github.com/bryanbraun/anchorjs
// Copyright (c) 2019 Bryan Braun; Licensed MIT
!function(A,e){"use strict";"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define([],e):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=e():(A.AnchorJS=e(),A.anchors=new A.AnchorJS)}(this,function(){"use strict";return function(A){function f(A){A.icon=A.hasOwnProperty("icon")?A.icon:"",A.visible=A.hasOwnProperty("visible")?A.visible:"hover",A.placement=A.hasOwnProperty("placement")?A.placement:"right",A.ariaLabel=A.hasOwnProperty("ariaLabel")?A.ariaLabel:"Anchor",A.class=A.hasOwnProperty("class")?A.class:"",A.base=A.hasOwnProperty("base")?A.base:"",A.truncate=A.hasOwnProperty("truncate")?Math.floor(A.truncate):64,A.titleText=A.hasOwnProperty("titleText")?A.titleText:""}function p(A){var e;if("string"==typeof A||A instanceof String)e=[].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll(A));else{if(!(Array.isArray(A)||A instanceof NodeList))throw new Error("The selector provided to AnchorJS was invalid.");e=[].slice.call(A)}return e}this.options=A||{},this.elements=[],f(this.options),this.isTouchDevice=function(){return!!("ontouchstart"in window||window.DocumentTouch&&document instanceof DocumentTouch)},this.add=function(A){var e,t,i,n,o,s,a,r,c,h,l,u,d=[];if(f(this.options),"touch"===(l=this.options.visible)&&(l=this.isTouchDevice()?"always":"hover"),A||(A="h2, h3, h4, h5, h6"),0===(e=p(A)).length)return this;for(function(){if(null===document.head.querySelector("style.anchorjs")){var A,e=document.createElement("style");e.className="anchorjs",e.appendChild(document.createTextNode("")),void 0===(A=document.head.querySelector('[rel="stylesheet"], style'))?document.head.appendChild(e):document.head.insertBefore(e,A),e.sheet.insertRule(" .anchorjs-link { opacity: 0; text-decoration: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; }",e.sheet.cssRules.length),e.sheet.insertRule(" *:hover > .anchorjs-link, .anchorjs-link:focus { opacity: 1; }",e.sheet.cssRules.length),e.sheet.insertRule(" [data-anchorjs-icon]::after { content: attr(data-anchorjs-icon); }",e.sheet.cssRules.length),e.sheet.insertRule(' @font-face { font-family: "anchorjs-icons"; src: url(data:n/a;base64,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) format("truetype"); }',e.sheet.cssRules.length)}}(),t=document.querySelectorAll("[id]"),i=[].map.call(t,function(A){return A.id}),o=0;o<e.length;o++)if(this.hasAnchorJSLink(e[o]))d.push(o);else{if(e[o].hasAttribute("id"))n=e[o].getAttribute("id");else if(e[o].hasAttribute("data-anchor-id"))n=e[o].getAttribute("data-anchor-id");else{for(c=r=this.urlify(e[o].textContent),a=0;void 0!==s&&(c=r+"-"+a),a+=1,-1!==(s=i.indexOf(c)););s=void 0,i.push(c),e[o].setAttribute("id",c),n=c}n.replace(/-/g," "),(h=document.createElement("a")).className="anchorjs-link "+this.options.class,h.setAttribute("aria-label",this.options.ariaLabel),h.setAttribute("data-anchorjs-icon",this.options.icon),this.options.titleText&&(h.title=this.options.titleText),u=document.querySelector("base")?window.location.pathname+window.location.search:"",u=this.options.base||u,h.href=u+"#"+n,"always"===l&&(h.style.opacity="1"),""===this.options.icon&&(h.style.font="1em/1 anchorjs-icons","left"===this.options.placement&&(h.style.lineHeight="inherit")),"left"===this.options.placement?(h.style.position="absolute",h.style.marginLeft="-1em",h.style.paddingRight="0.5em",e[o].insertBefore(h,e[o].firstChild)):(h.style.paddingLeft="0.375em",e[o].appendChild(h))}for(o=0;o<d.length;o++)e.splice(d[o]-o,1);return this.elements=this.elements.concat(e),this},this.remove=function(A){for(var e,t,i=p(A),n=0;n<i.length;n++)(t=i[n].querySelector(".anchorjs-link"))&&(-1!==(e=this.elements.indexOf(i[n]))&&this.elements.splice(e,1),i[n].removeChild(t));return this},this.removeAll=function(){this.remove(this.elements)},this.urlify=function(A){return this.options.truncate||f(this.options),A.trim().replace(/\'/gi,"").replace(/[& +$,:;=?@"#{}|^~[`%!'<>\]\.\/\(\)\*\\\n\t\b\v]/g,"-").replace(/-{2,}/g,"-").substring(0,this.options.truncate).replace(/^-+|-+$/gm,"").toLowerCase()},this.hasAnchorJSLink=function(A){var e=A.firstChild&&-1<(" "+A.firstChild.className+" ").indexOf(" anchorjs-link "),t=A.lastChild&&-1<(" "+A.lastChild.className+" ").indexOf(" anchorjs-link ");return e||t||!1}}});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<!--#include virtual="/includes/promotion_banner.html" -->
<div class="container">
<button type='button' class='menu' title='Docs menu'>
<img src="/assets/images/menu-icon.svg" width="18" height="12" alt="menu icon" />
</button>
<div class='home'>
<a href="/" class='home' title='Apache Ignite home'>
<img src="/assets/images/apache_ignite_logo.svg" alt="Apache Ignite logo" width="103" height="36" >
</a>
</div>
<select id="version-selector">
<option value="2.18.0">2.18.0</option>
</select>
<nav id="api-docs"><ul>
<li><a href="#">APIs</a>
<nav class='dropdown'>
<ul>
<li class="dropdown-item"><a href="/releases/ignite2/2.18.0/javadoc/index.html">Java</a></li>
<li class="dropdown-item"><a href="/releases/ignite2/2.18.0/dotnetdoc/api/">C#/.NET</a></li>
<li class="dropdown-item"><a href="/releases/ignite2/2.18.0/cppdoc/index.html">C++</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li>
<li><a href="#">Examples</a>
<nav class="dropdown">
<ul>
<li class="dropdown-item"><a href="https://github.com/apache/ignite/tree/master/examples" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Apache Ignite Java examples">Java</a></li>
<li class="dropdown-item"><a href="https://github.com/apache/ignite/tree/master/modules/platforms/dotnet/examples" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Apache Ignite C#/.NET examples">C#/.NET</a></li>
<li class="dropdown-item"><a href="https://github.com/apache/ignite/tree/master/modules/platforms/cpp/examples" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Apache Ignite C++ examples">C++</a></li>
<li class="dropdown-item"><a href="https://github.com/apache/ignite/tree/master/modules/platforms/python/examples" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Apache Ignite Python examples">Python</a></li>
<li class="dropdown-item"><a href="https://github.com/apache/ignite/tree/master/modules/platforms/nodejs/examples" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Apache Ignite NodeJS examples">NodeJS</a></li>
<li class="dropdown-item"><a href="https://github.com/apache/ignite/tree/master/modules/platforms/php/examples" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Apache Ignite PHP examples">PHP</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</li></ul>
</nav>
<a href="https://ignite.apache.org/docs/ignite3/latest/" class="ignite3-link" title="Ignite 3 Documentation">Ignite 3</a>
<div id="search-button"></div>
<nav id="lang-selector"><ul>
<li><a href="#"><img src="/assets/images/icon_lang_en_75x75.jpg" alt="English language icon" width="25" height="25" /><span>▼</span></a>
<nav class="dropdown">
<li class="dropdown-item"><a href="/docs/latest/" ><img src="/assets/images/icon_lang_en_75x75.jpg" alt="English language icon" width="25" height="25" /><span>English</span></a></li>
<li class="dropdown-item"><a href="https://www.ignite-service.cn/doc/java/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="/assets/images/icon_lang_cn_75x75.jpg" width="25" height="25" alt="Chinese language icon" /><span>Chinese</span></a></li>
</nav>
</li></ul>
</nav>
<button type='button' class='top-nav-toggle'>⋮</button>
</div>
<div id="search-wrapper">
<div id="search"></div>
</div>
</header>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/docs.css">
<section class='page-docs'>
<nav class='left-nav' data-swiftype-index='false'>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/index" class='' >Documentation Overview</a>
</li>
<li>
<button type='button' class='group-toggle collapsed '>Quick Start Guides<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class='nav-group collapsed'>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/quick-start/java"
class=''
>Java</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/quick-start/dotnet"
class=''
>.NET/C#</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/quick-start/cpp"
class=''
>C++</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/quick-start/python"
class=''
>Python</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/quick-start/nodejs"
class=''
>Node.JS</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/quick-start/sql"
class=''
>SQL</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/quick-start/php"
class=''
>PHP</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/quick-start/restapi"
class=''
>REST API</a>
</li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<button type='button' class='group-toggle collapsed '>Installation<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class='nav-group collapsed'>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/installation/installing-using-zip"
class=''
>Installing Using ZIP Archive</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/installation/installing-using-docker"
class=''
>Installing Using Docker</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/installation/deb-rpm"
class=''
>Installing DEB or RPM package</a>
</li>
<li>
<button
type='button'
class='collapsed '>Kubernetes<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class="sub_pages collapsed">
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/installation/kubernetes/amazon-eks-deployment" class=''>Amazon EKS</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/installation/kubernetes/azure-deployment" class=''>Azure Kubernetes Service</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/installation/kubernetes/gke-deployment" class=''>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/installation/vmware-installation"
class=''
>VMWare</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/installation/upgrades"
class=''
>Version Upgrade</a>
</li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<button type='button' class='group-toggle collapsed '>Setting Up<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class='nav-group collapsed'>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/understanding-configuration"
class=''
>Understanding Configuration</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/setup"
class=''
>Setting Up</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/logging"
class=''
>Configuring Logging</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/resources-injection"
class=''
>Resources Injection</a>
</li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/starting-nodes" class='' >Starting and Stopping Nodes</a>
</li>
<li>
<button type='button' class='group-toggle collapsed '>Clustering<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class='nav-group collapsed'>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/clustering/clustering"
class=''
>Overview</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/clustering/tcp-ip-discovery"
class=''
>TCP/IP Discovery</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/clustering/zookeeper-discovery"
class=''
>ZooKeeper Discovery</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/clustering/discovery-in-the-cloud"
class=''
>Discovery in the Cloud</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/clustering/network-configuration"
class=''
>Network Configuration</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/clustering/connect-client-nodes"
class=''
>Connecting Client Nodes</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/clustering/baseline-topology"
class=''
>Baseline Topology</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/clustering/running-client-nodes-behind-nat"
class=''
>Running Client Nodes Behind NAT</a>
</li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<button type='button' class='group-toggle collapsed '>Thin Clients<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class='nav-group collapsed'>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/thin-clients/getting-started-with-thin-clients"
class=''
>Thin Clients Overview</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/thin-clients/java-thin-client"
class=''
>Java Thin Client</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/thin-clients/dotnet-thin-client"
class=''
>.NET Thin Client</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/thin-clients/cpp-thin-client"
class=''
>C++ Thin Client</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/thin-clients/python-thin-client"
class=''
>Python Thin Client</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/thin-clients/php-thin-client"
class=''
>PHP Thin Client</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/thin-clients/nodejs-thin-client"
class=''
>Node.js Thin Client</a>
</li>
<li>
<button
type='button'
class='collapsed '>Binary Client Protocol<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class="sub_pages collapsed">
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/binary-client-protocol/binary-client-protocol" class=''>Binary Client Protocol</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/binary-client-protocol/data-format" class=''>Data Format</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/binary-client-protocol/key-value-queries" class=''>Key-Value Queries</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/binary-client-protocol/sql-and-scan-queries" class=''>SQL and Scan Queries</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/binary-client-protocol/binary-type-metadata" class=''>Binary Types Metadata</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/binary-client-protocol/cache-configuration" class=''>Cache Configuration</a></li>
</nav>
</li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<button type='button' class='group-toggle collapsed '>Data Modeling<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class='nav-group collapsed'>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/data-modeling/data-modeling"
class=''
>Introduction</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/data-modeling/data-partitioning"
class=''
>Data Partitioning</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/data-modeling/affinity-collocation"
class=''
>Affinity Colocation</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/data-modeling/binary-marshaller"
class=''
>Binary Marshaller</a>
</li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<button type='button' class='group-toggle collapsed '>Configuring Memory<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class='nav-group collapsed'>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/memory-architecture"
class=''
>Memory Architecture</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/memory-configuration/data-regions"
class=''
>Configuring Data Regions</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/memory-configuration/eviction-policies"
class=''
>Eviction Policies</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/memory-configuration/replacement-policies"
class=''
>Replacement Policies</a>
</li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<button type='button' class='group-toggle collapsed '>Configuring Persistence<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class='nav-group collapsed'>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/persistence/native-persistence"
class=''
>Ignite Persistence</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/persistence/external-storage"
class=''
>External Storage</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/persistence/swap"
class=''
>Swapping</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/persistence/custom-cache-store"
class=''
>Implementing Custom Cache Store</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/persistence/snapshot-directory"
class=''
>Configuring Snapshot Directory</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/persistence/disk-compression"
class=''
>Disk Compression</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/persistence/persistence-tuning"
class=''
>Tuning Persistence</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/persistence/change-data-capture"
class=''
>Change Data Capture</a>
</li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/snapshots/snapshots" class='' >Cluster Snapshots</a>
</li>
<li>
<button type='button' class='group-toggle collapsed '>Configuring Caches<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class='nav-group collapsed'>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/configuring-caches/configuration-overview"
class=''
>Cache Configuration</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/configuring-caches/configuring-backups"
class=''
>Configuring Partition Backups</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/configuring-caches/partition-loss-policy"
class=''
>Partition Loss Policy</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/configuring-caches/atomicity-modes"
class=''
>Atomicity Modes</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/configuring-caches/expiry-policies"
class=''
>Expiry Policy</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/configuring-caches/on-heap-caching"
class=''
>On-Heap Caching</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/configuring-caches/cache-groups"
class=''
>Cache Groups</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/configuring-caches/near-cache"
class=''
>Near Caches</a>
</li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/data-rebalancing" class='' >Data Rebalancing</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/data-streaming" class='' >Data Streaming</a>
</li>
<li>
<button type='button' class='group-toggle collapsed '>Using Key-Value API<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class='nav-group collapsed'>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/key-value-api/basic-cache-operations"
class=''
>Basic Cache Operations</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/key-value-api/binary-objects"
class=''
>Working with Binary Objects</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/key-value-api/using-cache-queries"
class=''
>Using Cache Queries</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/key-value-api/read-repair"
class=''
>Read Repair</a>
</li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/key-value-api/transactions" class='' >Performing Transactions</a>
</li>
<li>
<button type='button' class='group-toggle expanded '>Working with SQL<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class='nav-group expanded'>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/SQL/sql-introduction"
class=''
>Introduction</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/SQL/schemas"
class=''
>Understanding Schemas</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/SQL/indexes"
class=''
>Defining Indexes</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/SQL/sql-api"
class=''
>Using SQL API</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/SQL/distributed-joins"
class=''
>Distributed Joins</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/SQL/custom-sql-func"
class=''
>Custom SQL Functions</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/SQL/JDBC/jdbc-driver"
class=''
>JDBC Driver</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/SQL/JDBC/jdbc-client-driver"
class=''
>JDBC Client Driver</a>
</li>
<li>
<button
type='button'
class='collapsed '>ODBC Driver<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class="sub_pages collapsed">
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/SQL/ODBC/odbc-driver" class=''>ODBC Driver</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest//SQL/ODBC/connection-string-dsn" class=''>Connection String and DSN</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/SQL/ODBC/querying-modifying-data" class=''>Querying and Modifying Data</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/SQL/ODBC/specification" class=''>Specification</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/SQL/ODBC/data-types" class=''>Data Types</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/SQL/ODBC/error-codes" class=''>Error Codes</a></li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/SQL/sql-statistics"
class=''
>SQL Statistics</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/SQL/sql-calcite"
class='active'
>Calcite-based SQL Engine</a>
</li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<button type='button' class='group-toggle collapsed '>SQL Reference<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class='nav-group collapsed'>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/sql-reference/sql-conformance"
class=''
>SQL Conformance</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/sql-reference/ddl"
class=''
>Data Definition Language (DDL)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/sql-reference/dml"
class=''
>Data Manipulation Language (DML)</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/SQL/sql-calcite#transaction-aware-queries"
class=''
>Transaction-aware Queries</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/sql-reference/operational-commands"
class=''
>Operational Commands</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/sql-reference/aggregate-functions"
class=''
>Aggregate functions</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/sql-reference/numeric-functions"
class=''
>Numeric Functions</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/sql-reference/string-functions"
class=''
>String Functions</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/sql-reference/date-time-functions"
class=''
>Data and Time Functions</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/sql-reference/system-functions"
class=''
>System Functions</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/sql-reference/data-types"
class=''
>Data Types</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/sql-reference/hints"
class=''
>Optimizer Hints</a>
</li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<button type='button' class='group-toggle collapsed '>Distributed Computing<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class='nav-group collapsed'>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/distributed-computing/distributed-computing"
class=''
>Distributed Computing API</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/distributed-computing/cluster-groups"
class=''
>Cluster Groups</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/distributed-computing/executor-service"
class=''
>Executor Service</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/distributed-computing/map-reduce"
class=''
>MapReduce API</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/distributed-computing/load-balancing"
class=''
>Load Balancing</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/distributed-computing/fault-tolerance"
class=''
>Fault Tolerance</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/distributed-computing/job-scheduling"
class=''
>Job Scheduling</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/distributed-computing/collocated-computations"
class=''
>Colocating Computations with Data</a>
</li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<button type='button' class='group-toggle collapsed '>Code Deployment<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class='nav-group collapsed'>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/code-deployment/deploying-user-code"
class=''
>Deploying User Code</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/code-deployment/peer-class-loading"
class=''
>Peer Class Loading</a>
</li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<button type='button' class='group-toggle collapsed '>Machine Learning<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class='nav-group collapsed'>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/machine-learning"
class=''
>Machine Learning</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/partition-based-dataset"
class=''
>Partition Based Dataset</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/updating-trained-models"
class=''
>Updating Trained Models</a>
</li>
<li>
<button
type='button'
class='collapsed '>Binary Classification<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class="sub_pages collapsed">
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/binary-classification/introduction" class=''>Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/binary-classification/linear-svm" class=''>Linear SVM (Support Vector Machine)</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/binary-classification/decision-trees" class=''>Decision Trees</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/binary-classification/multilayer-perceptron" class=''>Multilayer Perceptron</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/binary-classification/logistic-regression" class=''>Logistic Regression</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/binary-classification/knn-classification" class=''>k-NN Classification</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/binary-classification/ann" class=''>ANN (Approximate Nearest Neighbor)</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/binary-classification/naive-bayes" class=''>Naive Bayes</a></li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<button
type='button'
class='collapsed '>Regression<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class="sub_pages collapsed">
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/regression/introduction" class=''>Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/regression/linear-regression" class=''>Linear Regression</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/regression/decision-trees-regression" class=''>Decision Trees Regression</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/regression/knn-regression" class=''>k-NN Regression</a></li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<button
type='button'
class='collapsed '>Clustering<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class="sub_pages collapsed">
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/clustering/introduction" class=''>Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/clustering/k-means-clustering" class=''>K-Means Clustering</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/clustering/gaussian-mixture" class=''>Gaussian mixture (GMM)</a></li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/preprocessing"
class=''
>Preprocessing</a>
</li>
<li>
<button
type='button'
class='collapsed '>Model Selection<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class="sub_pages collapsed">
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/model-selection/introduction" class=''>Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/model-selection/evaluator" class=''>Evaluator</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/model-selection/split-the-dataset-on-test-and-train-datasets" class=''>Split the dataset on test and train datasets</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/model-selection/hyper-parameter-tuning" class=''>Hyper-parameter tuning</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/model-selection/pipeline-api" class=''>Pipeline API</a></li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/multiclass-classification"
class=''
>Multiclass Classification</a>
</li>
<li>
<button
type='button'
class='collapsed '>Ensemble Methods<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class="sub_pages collapsed">
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/ensemble-methods/introduction" class=''></a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/ensemble-methods/stacking" class=''>Stacking</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/ensemble-methods/bagging" class=''>Bagging</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/ensemble-methods/random-forest" class=''>Random Forest</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/ensemble-methods/gradient-boosting" class=''>Gradient Boosting</a></li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/recommendation-systems"
class=''
>Recommendation Systems</a>
</li>
<li>
<button
type='button'
class='collapsed '>Importing Model<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class="sub_pages collapsed">
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/importing-model/introduction" class=''>Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/importing-model/model-import-from-gxboost" class=''>Import Model from XGBoost</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/machine-learning/importing-model/model-import-from-apache-spark" class=''>Import Model from Apache Spark</a></li>
</nav>
</li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/key-value-api/continuous-queries" class='' >Using Continuous Queries</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/services/services" class='' >Using Ignite Services</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/messaging" class='' >Using Ignite Messaging</a>
</li>
<li>
<button type='button' class='group-toggle collapsed '>Distributed Data Structures<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class='nav-group collapsed'>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/data-structures/queue-and-set"
class=''
>Queue and Set</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/data-structures/atomic-types"
class=''
>Atomic Types</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/data-structures/countdownlatch"
class=''
>CountDownLatch</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/data-structures/semaphore"
class=''
>Semaphore</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/data-structures/id-generator"
class=''
>ID Generator</a>
</li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/distributed-locks" class='' >Distributed Locks</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/session-context" class='' >Session Context</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/restapi" class='' >REST API</a>
</li>
<li>
<button type='button' class='group-toggle collapsed '>.NET Specific<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class='nav-group collapsed'>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/net-specific/net-configuration-options"
class=''
>Configuration Options</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/net-specific/net-deployment-options"
class=''
>Deployment Options</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/net-specific/net-standalone-nodes"
class=''
>Standalone Nodes</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/net-specific/net-async"
class=''
>Asynchronous APIs</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/net-specific/net-logging"
class=''
>Logging</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/net-specific/net-linq"
class=''
>LINQ</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/net-specific/net-java-services-execution"
class=''
>Java Services Execution</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/net-specific/net-platform-cache"
class=''
>.NET Platform Cache</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/net-specific/net-plugins"
class=''
>Plugins</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/net-specific/net-serialization"
class=''
>Serialization</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/net-specific/net-cross-platform-support"
class=''
>Cross-Platform Support</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/net-specific/net-platform-interoperability"
class=''
>Platform Interoperability</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/net-specific/net-remote-assembly-loading"
class=''
>Remote Assembly Loading</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/net-specific/net-troubleshooting"
class=''
>Troubleshooting</a>
</li>
<li>
<button
type='button'
class='collapsed '>Integrations<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class="sub_pages collapsed">
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/net-specific/asp-net-output-caching" class=''>ASP.NET Output Caching</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/net-specific/asp-net-session-state-caching" class=''>ASP.NET Session State Caching</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/net-specific/net-entity-framework-cache" class=''>Entity Framework 2nd Level Cache</a></li>
</nav>
</li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<button type='button' class='group-toggle collapsed '>C++ Specific<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class='nav-group collapsed'>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/cpp-specific/cpp-serialization"
class=''
>Serialization</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/cpp-specific/cpp-platform-interoperability"
class=''
>Platform Interoperability</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/cpp-specific/cpp-objects-lifetime"
class=''
>Objects Lifetime</a>
</li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<button type='button' class='group-toggle collapsed '>Monitoring<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class='nav-group collapsed'>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/monitoring-metrics/intro"
class=''
>Introduction</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/monitoring-metrics/cluster-id"
class=''
>Cluster ID and Tag</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/monitoring-metrics/cluster-states"
class=''
>Cluster States</a>
</li>
<li>
<button
type='button'
class='collapsed '>Metrics System<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class="sub_pages collapsed">
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/monitoring-metrics/new-metrics-system" class=''>Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/monitoring-metrics/configuring-metrics" class=''>Configuring Metrics</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/monitoring-metrics/new-metrics" class=''>Metrics</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/monitoring-metrics/custom-metrics" class=''>Custom Metrics</a></li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/monitoring-metrics/system-views"
class=''
>System Views</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/monitoring-metrics/performance-statistics"
class=''
>Performance Statistics</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/monitoring-metrics/tracing"
class=''
>Tracing</a>
</li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<button type='button' class='group-toggle collapsed '>Working with Events<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class='nav-group collapsed'>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/events/listening-to-events"
class=''
>Enabling and Listenting to Events</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/events/events"
class=''
>Events</a>
</li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<button type='button' class='group-toggle collapsed '>Tools<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class='nav-group collapsed'>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/tools/control-script"
class=''
>Control Script</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/tools/gg-control-center"
class=''
>GridGain Control Center</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/tools/grid-center"
class=''
>Platform V Grid Center</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/tools/sqlline"
class=''
>SQLLine</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/tools/tableau"
class=''
>Tableau</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/tools/informatica"
class=''
>Informatica</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/tools/pentaho"
class=''
>Pentaho</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/tools/index-reader"
class=''
>Index Reader</a>
</li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<button type='button' class='group-toggle collapsed '>Security<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class='nav-group collapsed'>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/security/security-model"
class=''
>Security Model</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/security/authentication"
class=''
>Authentication</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/security/ssl-tls"
class=''
>SSL/TLS</a>
</li>
<li>
<button
type='button'
class='collapsed '>Transparent Data Encryption<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class="sub_pages collapsed">
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/security/tde" class=''>Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/security/master-key-rotation" class=''>Master key rotation</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/security/cache-encryption-key-rotation" class=''>Cache encryption key rotation</a></li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/security/sandbox"
class=''
>Sandbox</a>
</li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<button type='button' class='group-toggle collapsed '>Extensions and Integrations<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class='nav-group collapsed'>
<li>
<button
type='button'
class='collapsed '>Spring<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class="sub_pages collapsed">
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/spring/spring-boot" class=''>Spring Boot</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/spring/spring-data" class=''>Spring Data</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/spring/spring-caching" class=''>Spring Caching</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/spring/spring-tx" class=''>Spring Transactions</a></li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<button
type='button'
class='collapsed '>Ignite for Spark<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class="sub_pages collapsed">
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/ignite-for-spark/overview" class=''>Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/ignite-for-spark/ignitecontext-and-rdd" class=''>IgniteContext and IgniteRDD</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/ignite-for-spark/ignite-dataframe" class=''>Ignite DataFrame</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/ignite-for-spark/installation" class=''>Installation</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/ignite-for-spark/spark-shell" class=''>Test Ignite with Spark-shell</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/ignite-for-spark/troubleshooting" class=''>Troubleshooting</a></li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/mybatis-l2-cache"
class=''
>MyBatis L2 Cache</a>
</li>
<li>
<button
type='button'
class='collapsed '>Streaming<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class="sub_pages collapsed">
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/streaming/kafka-streamer" class=''>Kafka Streamer</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/streaming/camel-streamer" class=''>Camel Streamer</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/streaming/flink-streamer" class=''>Flink Streamer</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/streaming/flume-sink" class=''>Flume Sink</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/streaming/jms-streamer" class=''>JMS Streamer</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/streaming/mqtt-streamer" class=''>MQTT Streamer</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/streaming/rocketmq-streamer" class=''>RocketMQ Streamer</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/streaming/storm-streamer" class=''>Storm Streamer</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/streaming/zeromq-streamer" class=''>ZeroMQ Streamer</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/streaming/twitter-streamer" class=''>Twitter Streamer</a></li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<button
type='button'
class='collapsed '>Cassandra Integration<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class="sub_pages collapsed">
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/cassandra/overview" class=''>Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/cassandra/configuration" class=''>Configuration</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/cassandra/usage-examples" class=''>Usage Examples</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/cassandra/ddl-generator" class=''>DDL Generator</a></li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<button
type='button'
class='collapsed '>Change Data Capture<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class="sub_pages collapsed">
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/change-data-capture/overview" class=''>Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/change-data-capture/ignite-to-ignite" class=''>Ignite to Ignite Replication</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/change-data-capture/ignite-to-kafka" class=''>Ignite to Kafka Replication</a></li>
<li><a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/change-data-capture/ignite-to-postgresql" class=''>Ignite to PostgreSQL Replication</a></li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/php-pdo"
class=''
>PHP PDO</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/performance-statistics"
class=''
>Performance Statistics</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/extensions-and-integrations/zookeeper-ip-finder-ext"
class=''
>ZooKeeper IP Finder</a>
</li>
</nav>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/plugins" class='' >Plugins</a>
</li>
<li>
<button type='button' class='group-toggle collapsed '>Performance and Troubleshooting<img class="state-indicator" src="/assets/images/left-nav-arrow.svg" width="6" height="10"></button>
<nav class='nav-group collapsed'>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/perf-and-troubleshooting/general-perf-tips"
class=''
>General Performance Tips</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/perf-and-troubleshooting/memory-tuning"
class=''
>Memory and JVM Tuning</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/perf-and-troubleshooting/persistence-tuning"
class=''
>Persistence Tuning</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/perf-and-troubleshooting/sql-tuning"
class=''
>SQL Tuning</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/perf-and-troubleshooting/thread-pools-tuning"
class=''
>Thread Pools Tuning</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/perf-and-troubleshooting/troubleshooting"
class=''
>Troubleshooting and Debugging</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/perf-and-troubleshooting/handling-exceptions"
class=''
>Handling Exceptions</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/perf-and-troubleshooting/yardstick-benchmarking"
class=''
>Benchmarking With Yardstick</a>
</li>
</nav>
</li>
</nav>
<div class="left-nav__overlay"></div>
<article data-swiftype-index='true'>
<a class='edit-link' href="https://github.com/apache/ignite/tree/master/docs/_docs/SQL/sql-calcite.adoc" target="_blank">Edit</a>
<h1>Calcite-based SQL Engine</h1>
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Starting the 2.13 version, Apache Ignite includes a new SQL engine based on the Apache Calcite framework.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Apache Calcite is a dynamic data management framework, which mainly serves for mediating between applications, one or more data storage locations, and data processing engines. For more information on Apache Calcite, please see the <a href="https://calcite.apache.org/docs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">product documentation</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The current H2-based SQL engine has a number of fundamental limitations of query execution in a distributed environment. To address these limitations, a new SQL engine was implemented. The new engine uses tools provided by Apache Calcite for parsing and planning queries. It also has a new query execution flow.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="calcite-module-libraries">Calcite Module Libraries</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>To use a Calcite-based engine, please make sure that the Calcite module libraries are in a classpath.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="standalone-mode">Standalone Mode</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>When starting a standalone node, move <code>optional/ignite-calcite</code> folder to the <code>libs</code> folder before running <code>ignite.{sh|bat}</code> script. In this case, the content of the module folder is added to the classpath.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="maven-configuration">Maven Configuration</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If you are using Maven to manage dependencies of your project, you can add Calcite module dependency as follows: Replace <code>${ignite.version}</code> with the actual Apache Ignite version you are interested in:</p>
</div>
<code-tabs><code-tab data-tab='XML'><div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="xml"><span class="nt">&lt;dependency&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;groupId&gt;</span>org.apache.ignite<span class="nt">&lt;/groupId&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;artifactId&gt;</span>ignite-calcite<span class="nt">&lt;/artifactId&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;version&gt;</span>${ignite.version}<span class="nt">&lt;/version&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/dependency&gt;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div></code-tab></code-tabs>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="configuring-query-engines">Configuring Query Engines</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>To enable engine, add the explicit <code>CalciteQueryEngineConfiguration</code> instance to the <code>SqlConfiguration.QueryEnginesConfiguration</code> property.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Below is a configuration example of two configured query engines (H2-based and Calcite-based engines) where the Calcite-based engine is chosen as a default one:</p>
</div>
<code-tabs><code-tab data-tab='XML'><div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="xml"><span class="nt">&lt;bean</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.ignite.configuration.IgniteConfiguration"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"sqlConfiguration"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;bean</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.ignite.configuration.SqlConfiguration"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"queryEnginesConfiguration"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;list&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;bean</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.ignite.indexing.IndexingQueryEngineConfiguration"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"default"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"false"</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/bean&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;bean</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.ignite.calcite.CalciteQueryEngineConfiguration"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"default"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"true"</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/bean&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/list&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/property&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/bean&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/property&gt;</span>
...
<span class="nt">&lt;/bean&gt;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div></code-tab><code-tab data-tab='Java'><div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="nc">IgniteConfiguration</span> <span class="n">cfg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nc">IgniteConfiguration</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">setSqlConfiguration</span><span class="o">(</span>
<span class="k">new</span> <span class="nf">SqlConfiguration</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">setQueryEnginesConfiguration</span><span class="o">(</span>
<span class="k">new</span> <span class="nf">IndexingQueryEngineConfiguration</span><span class="o">(),</span>
<span class="k">new</span> <span class="nf">CalciteQueryEngineConfiguration</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">setDefault</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="o">)</span>
<span class="o">)</span>
<span class="o">);</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div></code-tab></code-tabs>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="routing-queries-to-query-engine">Routing Queries to Query Engine</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Normally, all queries are routed to the query engine that is configured by default. If more than one engine is configured through <code>queryEnginesConfiguration</code>, it&#8217;s possible to use another engine instead of the one configured default for individual queries or for the whole connection.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="jdbc">JDBC</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>To choose a query engine for the JDBC connection, use the <code>queryEngine</code> connection parameter:</p>
</div>
<code-tabs><code-tab data-tab='JDBC Connection URL'><div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="text">jdbc:ignite:thin://127.0.0.1:10800?queryEngine=calcite</code></pre>
</div>
</div></code-tab></code-tabs>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="odbc">ODBC</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>To configure the query engine for the ODBC connection, use the <code>QUERY_ENGINE</code> property:</p>
</div>
<code-tabs><code-tab data-tab='ODBC Connection Properties'><div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="text">[IGNITE_CALCITE]
DRIVER={Apache Ignite};
SERVER=127.0.0.1;
PORT=10800;
SCHEMA=PUBLIC;
QUERY_ENGINE=CALCITE</code></pre>
</div>
</div></code-tab></code-tabs>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="memory-quotas">Memory Quotas</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The Calcite-based SQL engine can track and limit heap memory accounted by Calcite query execution operators.
This is useful for protecting a server node from a single large query or from many concurrent memory-heavy queries.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Two types of quotas can be configured in <code>CalciteQueryEngineConfiguration</code>:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>globalMemoryQuota</code> - a per-node heap memory quota for all Calcite SQL queries running on the node.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>queryMemoryQuota</code> - a per-node heap memory quota for each Calcite SQL query running on the node.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Both quotas are disabled by default (<code>0</code>).
The quota values are specified in bytes.
If a quota is exceeded, the query fails with an exception.
The global quota error message contains <code>Global memory quota for SQL queries exceeded</code>, and the per-query quota error message contains <code>Query quota exceeded</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The quota is applied to query execution structures that keep rows in heap memory, for example sorting, hash joins, hash aggregates, set operations, collection operations, spools, and result materialization.
It is not a process memory limit and it does not account for Ignite data regions, direct memory, JVM native memory, or the operating system page cache.
The quotas are per-node.
For a distributed query, total memory consumption across the cluster can be higher because the limit is applied independently on every participating node.
Size these quotas together with <code>-Xmx</code> and the expected SQL concurrency.</p>
</div>
<code-tabs><code-tab data-tab='XML'><div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="xml"><span class="nt">&lt;bean</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.ignite.configuration.IgniteConfiguration"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"sqlConfiguration"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;bean</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.ignite.configuration.SqlConfiguration"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"queryEnginesConfiguration"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;list&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;bean</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.ignite.calcite.CalciteQueryEngineConfiguration"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"default"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"true"</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"globalMemoryQuota"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"#{4L * 1024 * 1024 * 1024}"</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"queryMemoryQuota"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"#{512L * 1024 * 1024}"</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/bean&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/list&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/property&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/bean&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/property&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/bean&gt;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div></code-tab><code-tab data-tab='Java'><div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="nc">IgniteConfiguration</span> <span class="n">cfg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nc">IgniteConfiguration</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">setSqlConfiguration</span><span class="o">(</span>
<span class="k">new</span> <span class="nf">SqlConfiguration</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">setQueryEnginesConfiguration</span><span class="o">(</span>
<span class="k">new</span> <span class="nf">CalciteQueryEngineConfiguration</span><span class="o">()</span>
<span class="o">.</span><span class="na">setDefault</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="o">)</span>
<span class="o">.</span><span class="na">setGlobalMemoryQuota</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="mi">4L</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">1024</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">1024</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">1024</span><span class="o">)</span>
<span class="o">.</span><span class="na">setQueryMemoryQuota</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="mi">512L</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">1024</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mi">1024</span><span class="o">)</span>
<span class="o">)</span>
<span class="o">);</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div></code-tab></code-tabs>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="sql-reference">SQL Reference</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="ddl">DDL</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Data definition language (DDL) statements are compliant with the old H2-based engine. You can find the DDL syntax description <a href="/docs/ignite2/latest/sql-reference/ddl" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="dml">DML</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The new SQL engine mostly inherits data manipulation language (DML) statements syntax from the Apache Calcite framework. See the Apache Calcite SQL grammar description <a href="https://calcite.apache.org/docs/reference.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In most cases, statement syntax is compliant with the old SQL engine. But there are still some differences between DML dialects in H2-based engine and Calcite-based engine. For example, note the <code>MERGE</code> statement syntax has changed.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="supported-functions">Supported Functions</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The Calcite-based SQL engine currently supports the following user-facing functions and operators.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="aggregate-functions">Aggregate functions</h4>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stripes-even stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 14.2857%;">
<col style="width: 28.5714%;">
<col style="width: 57.1429%;">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Name</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>COUNT</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>COUNT([ALL | DISTINCT] value)</code> or <code>COUNT(*)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the number of input rows or non-null input values.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SUM</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SUM([ALL | DISTINCT] numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the sum of numeric input values.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>AVG</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>AVG([ALL | DISTINCT] numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the average value of numeric input values.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>MIN</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>MIN([ALL | DISTINCT] value)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the minimum input value.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>MAX</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>MAX([ALL | DISTINCT] value)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the maximum input value.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ANY_VALUE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ANY_VALUE([ALL | DISTINCT] value)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns one arbitrary input value.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>LISTAGG</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>LISTAGG(value[, separator]) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY sortExpr)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Concatenates values from a group in the requested order.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>GROUP_CONCAT</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>GROUP_CONCAT(value[, separator] [ORDER BY sortExpr])</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Concatenates values from a group, optionally using a separator and ordering.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>STRING_AGG</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>STRING_AGG(value, separator [ORDER BY sortExpr])</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Concatenates string values from a group using a separator.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ARRAY_AGG</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ARRAY_AGG(value [ORDER BY sortExpr])</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Collects input values into an array.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ARRAY_CONCAT_AGG</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ARRAY_CONCAT_AGG(arrayValue [ORDER BY sortExpr])</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Concatenates arrays from input rows into one array.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>EVERY</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>EVERY(condition)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns <code>TRUE</code> if every input condition is <code>TRUE</code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SOME</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SOME(condition)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns <code>TRUE</code> if at least one input condition is <code>TRUE</code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>BIT_AND</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>BIT_AND(integer)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Aggregates integer values using bitwise AND.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>BIT_OR</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>BIT_OR(integer)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Aggregates integer values using bitwise OR.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>BIT_XOR</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>BIT_XOR(integer)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Aggregates integer values using bitwise XOR.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Aggregate <code>FILTER</code> clause</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>aggregateFunction(&#8230;&#8203;) FILTER (WHERE condition)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Applies an aggregate function only to input rows that satisfy the condition.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="string-functions-and-predicates">String functions and predicates</h4>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stripes-even stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 14.2857%;">
<col style="width: 28.5714%;">
<col style="width: 57.1429%;">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Name</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>UPPER</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>UPPER(string)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Converts a string to uppercase.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>LOWER</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>LOWER(string)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Converts a string to lowercase.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>INITCAP</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>INITCAP(string)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Converts each word to initial uppercase followed by lowercase characters.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TO_BASE64</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TO_BASE64(string)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Encodes a string using Base64.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>FROM_BASE64</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>FROM_BASE64(string)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Decodes a Base64 string.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>MD5</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>MD5(string)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the MD5 hash of a string as a hexadecimal string.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SHA1</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SHA1(string)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the SHA-1 hash of a string as a hexadecimal string.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SUBSTRING</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SUBSTRING(string FROM start [FOR length])</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a substring starting at the specified position.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>LEFT</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>LEFT(string, length)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the leftmost characters of a string.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>RIGHT</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>RIGHT(string, length)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the rightmost characters of a string.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>REPLACE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>REPLACE(string, search[, replacement])</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Replaces occurrences of a search string.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TRANSLATE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TRANSLATE(string, fromString, toString)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Replaces characters from one set with the corresponding characters from another set.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CHR</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CHR(integer)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the character for the specified code point.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CHAR_LENGTH</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CHAR_LENGTH(string)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the number of characters in a string.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CHARACTER_LENGTH</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CHARACTER_LENGTH(string)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the number of characters in a string.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>LENGTH</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>LENGTH(string)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Alias for <code>CHAR_LENGTH(string)</code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>||</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>string || string</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Concatenates two strings.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CONCAT</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CONCAT(string, string)</code> or <code>CONCAT(string[, string]&#8230;&#8203;)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Concatenates strings.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>OVERLAY</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>OVERLAY(string1 PLACING string2 FROM start [FOR length])</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Replaces part of a string with another string.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>POSITION</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>POSITION(substring IN string [FROM start])</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the position of the first occurrence of a substring.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ASCII</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ASCII(string)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the code point of the first character of a string.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>REPEAT</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>REPEAT(string, count)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a string repeated the specified number of times.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SPACE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SPACE(count)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a string that contains the specified number of spaces.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>STRCMP</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>STRCMP(string1, string2)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Compares two strings and returns an integer comparison result.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SOUNDEX</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SOUNDEX(string)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the phonetic representation of a string.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DIFFERENCE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DIFFERENCE(string1, string2)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a similarity score for the <code>SOUNDEX</code> values of two strings.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>REVERSE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>REVERSE(string)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a string with characters in reverse order.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TRIM</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TRIM([{BOTH | LEADING | TRAILING} chars FROM] string)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Removes characters from the start, end, or both ends of a string.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>LTRIM</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>LTRIM(string)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Removes spaces from the start of a string.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>RTRIM</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>RTRIM(string)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Removes spaces from the end of a string.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>LIKE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>string LIKE pattern [ESCAPE escapeChar]</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Checks whether a string matches a SQL <code>LIKE</code> pattern.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SIMILAR TO</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>string SIMILAR TO pattern [ESCAPE escapeChar]</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Checks whether a string matches a SQL regular expression pattern.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="regular-expression-functions-and-operators">Regular expression functions and operators</h4>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stripes-even stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 14.2857%;">
<col style="width: 28.5714%;">
<col style="width: 57.1429%;">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Name</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>~</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>string ~ pattern</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Checks whether a string matches a case-sensitive POSIX regular expression.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>~*</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>string ~* pattern</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Checks whether a string matches a case-insensitive POSIX regular expression.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>!~</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>string !~ pattern</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Checks whether a string does not match a case-sensitive POSIX regular expression.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>!~*</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>string !~* pattern</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Checks whether a string does not match a case-insensitive POSIX regular expression.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>REGEXP_REPLACE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>REGEXP_REPLACE(string, regexp, replacement[, position[, occurrence[, matchType]]])</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Replaces substrings that match a regular expression.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>REGEXP_SUBSTR</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>REGEXP_SUBSTR(string, regexp[, position[, occurrence]])</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the substring that matches a regular expression.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="numeric-and-math-functions">Numeric and math functions</h4>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stripes-even stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 14.2857%;">
<col style="width: 28.5714%;">
<col style="width: 57.1429%;">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Name</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>MOD</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>MOD(numeric1, numeric2)</code> or <code>numeric1 % numeric2</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the remainder after division.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>BITAND</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>BITAND(integer1, integer2)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the bitwise AND of two integer values.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>BITOR</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>BITOR(integer1, integer2)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the bitwise OR of two integer values.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>BITXOR</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>BITXOR(integer1, integer2)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the bitwise XOR of two integer values.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>EXP</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>EXP(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns Euler&#8217;s number raised to a power.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>POWER</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>POWER(numeric1, numeric2)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns one numeric value raised to the power of another.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>LN</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>LN(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the natural logarithm.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>LOG10</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>LOG10(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the base-10 logarithm.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ABS</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ABS(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the absolute value.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>RAND</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>RAND([seed])</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a random double value.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>RAND_INTEGER</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>RAND_INTEGER([seed,] bound)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a random integer from <code>0</code> inclusive to <code>bound</code> exclusive.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ACOS</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ACOS(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the arc cosine.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ACOSH</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ACOSH(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ASIN</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ASIN(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the arc sine.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ASINH</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ASINH(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ATAN</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ATAN(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the arc tangent.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ATANH</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ATANH(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ATAN2</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ATAN2(numeric1, numeric2)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the angle from rectangular coordinates.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SQRT</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SQRT(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the square root.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CBRT</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CBRT(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the cube root.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>COS</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>COS(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the cosine.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>COSH</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>COSH(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the hyperbolic cosine.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>COT</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>COT(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the cotangent.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>COTH</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>COTH(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the hyperbolic cotangent.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DEGREES</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DEGREES(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Converts radians to degrees.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>RADIANS</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>RADIANS(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Converts degrees to radians.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ROUND</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ROUND(numeric[, scale])</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Rounds a numeric value to the specified scale.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SIGN</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SIGN(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the sign of a numeric value.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SIN</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SIN(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the sine.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SINH</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SINH(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the hyperbolic sine.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TAN</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TAN(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the tangent.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TANH</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TANH(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the hyperbolic tangent.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SEC</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SEC(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the secant.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SECH</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SECH(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the hyperbolic secant.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CSC</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CSC(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the cosecant.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CSCH</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CSCH(numeric)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the hyperbolic cosecant.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TRUNCATE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TRUNCATE(numeric[, scale])</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Truncates a numeric value to the specified scale.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>PI</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>PI</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns an approximation of pi.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="date-and-time-functions">Date and time functions</h4>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stripes-even stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 14.2857%;">
<col style="width: 28.5714%;">
<col style="width: 57.1429%;">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Name</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>EXTRACT</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>EXTRACT(timeUnit FROM datetime)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the specified field from a date, time, or timestamp value.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>FLOOR</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>FLOOR(datetime TO timeUnit)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Rounds a date, time, or timestamp value down to the specified unit.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CEIL</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CEIL(datetime TO timeUnit)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Rounds a date, time, or timestamp value up to the specified unit.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TIMESTAMPADD</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TIMESTAMPADD(timeUnit, interval, datetime)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Adds an interval to a timestamp.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TIMESTAMPDIFF</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TIMESTAMPDIFF(timeUnit, datetime1, datetime2)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the number of time-unit boundaries between two datetime values.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>LAST_DAY</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>LAST_DAY(date)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the date of the last day of the month.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DAYNAME</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DAYNAME(datetime)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the name of the day of the week.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>MONTHNAME</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>MONTHNAME(datetime)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the name of the month.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DAYOFMONTH</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DAYOFMONTH(datetime)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the day of the month.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DAYOFWEEK</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DAYOFWEEK(datetime)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the day of the week.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DAYOFYEAR</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DAYOFYEAR(datetime)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the day of the year.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>YEAR</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>YEAR(datetime)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the year.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>QUARTER</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>QUARTER(datetime)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the quarter of the year.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>MONTH</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>MONTH(datetime)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the month number.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>WEEK</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>WEEK(datetime)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the week number.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>HOUR</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>HOUR(datetime)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the hour.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>MINUTE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>MINUTE(datetime)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the minute.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SECOND</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SECOND(datetime)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the second.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TIMESTAMP_SECONDS</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TIMESTAMP_SECONDS(integer)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Converts seconds since <code>1970-01-01 00:00:00</code> to a timestamp.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TIMESTAMP_MILLIS</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TIMESTAMP_MILLIS(integer)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Converts milliseconds since <code>1970-01-01 00:00:00</code> to a timestamp.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TIMESTAMP_MICROS</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TIMESTAMP_MICROS(integer)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Converts microseconds since <code>1970-01-01 00:00:00</code> to a timestamp.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>UNIX_SECONDS</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>UNIX_SECONDS(timestamp)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns seconds since <code>1970-01-01 00:00:00</code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>UNIX_MILLIS</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>UNIX_MILLIS(timestamp)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns milliseconds since <code>1970-01-01 00:00:00</code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>UNIX_MICROS</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>UNIX_MICROS(timestamp)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns microseconds since <code>1970-01-01 00:00:00</code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>UNIX_DATE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>UNIX_DATE(date)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the number of days since <code>1970-01-01</code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DATE_FROM_UNIX_DATE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DATE_FROM_UNIX_DATE(integer)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Converts days since <code>1970-01-01</code> to a date.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DATE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DATE(value)</code> or <code>DATE(year, month, day)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Converts a value to a date or creates a date from date fields.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TIME</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TIME(value)</code> or <code>TIME(hour, minute, second)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Converts a value to a time or creates a time from time fields.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DATETIME</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DATETIME(value)</code> or <code>DATETIME(year, month, day, hour, minute, second)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Converts a value to a timestamp or creates a timestamp from date and time fields.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CURRENT_TIME</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CURRENT_TIME</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the current time.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CURRENT_TIMESTAMP</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the current timestamp.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CURRENT_DATE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CURRENT_DATE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the current date.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>LOCALTIME</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>LOCALTIME</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the current local time.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>LOCALTIMESTAMP</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>LOCALTIMESTAMP</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the current local timestamp.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">JDBC current time escape functions</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>{fn CURDATE()}</code>, <code>{fn CURTIME()}</code>, <code>{fn NOW()}</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">JDBC escape aliases for the current date, current time, and current timestamp.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TO_CHAR</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TO_CHAR(datetime, format)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Formats a date, time, or timestamp value.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TO_DATE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TO_DATE(string, format)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Parses a date from a string.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TO_TIMESTAMP</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TO_TIMESTAMP(string, format)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Parses a timestamp from a string.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="xml-functions">XML functions</h4>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stripes-even stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 14.2857%;">
<col style="width: 28.5714%;">
<col style="width: 57.1429%;">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Name</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>EXTRACTVALUE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>EXTRACTVALUE(xml, xpath)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the text selected by an XPath expression.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>XMLTRANSFORM</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>XMLTRANSFORM(xml, xslt)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Transforms XML with an XSLT stylesheet.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>EXTRACT</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>"EXTRACT"(xml, xpath)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the XML fragment selected by an XPath expression. Quote the name when needed to distinguish it from date/time <code>EXTRACT</code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>EXISTSNODE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>EXISTSNODE(xml, xpath)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns <code>1</code> if an XPath expression selects at least one XML node; otherwise returns <code>0</code>.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="json-functions-and-predicates">JSON functions and predicates</h4>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stripes-even stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 14.2857%;">
<col style="width: 28.5714%;">
<col style="width: 57.1429%;">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Name</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>FORMAT JSON</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>value FORMAT JSON</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Marks a value as JSON-formatted input.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JSON_VALUE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JSON_VALUE(jsonValue, path)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Extracts a scalar SQL value from JSON using a JSON path expression.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JSON_QUERY</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JSON_QUERY(jsonValue, path)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Extracts a JSON object or array from JSON using a JSON path expression.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JSON_TYPE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JSON_TYPE(jsonValue)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the type of a JSON value.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JSON_EXISTS</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JSON_EXISTS(jsonValue, path)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns whether JSON satisfies the specified path expression.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JSON_DEPTH</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JSON_DEPTH(jsonValue)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the depth of a JSON value.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JSON_KEYS</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JSON_KEYS(jsonValue[, path])</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the keys from a JSON object.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JSON_PRETTY</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JSON_PRETTY(jsonValue)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns formatted JSON.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JSON_LENGTH</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JSON_LENGTH(jsonValue[, path])</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the length of a JSON value.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JSON_REMOVE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JSON_REMOVE(jsonValue, path[, path]&#8230;&#8203;)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Removes data selected by path expressions and returns the updated JSON.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JSON_STORAGE_SIZE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JSON_STORAGE_SIZE(jsonValue)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the number of bytes used by the JSON binary representation.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JSON_OBJECT</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JSON_OBJECT(jsonKey : jsonValue[, jsonKey : jsonValue]&#8230;&#8203;)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Builds a JSON object from key-value pairs.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JSON_ARRAY</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>JSON_ARRAY([jsonValue[, jsonValue]&#8230;&#8203;])</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Builds a JSON array from values.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>IS JSON</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>value IS [NOT] JSON [VALUE]</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Checks whether a value is, or is not, JSON.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>IS JSON OBJECT</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>value IS [NOT] JSON OBJECT</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Checks whether a value is, or is not, a JSON object.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>IS JSON ARRAY</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>value IS [NOT] JSON ARRAY</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Checks whether a value is, or is not, a JSON array.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>IS JSON SCALAR</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>value IS [NOT] JSON SCALAR</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Checks whether a value is, or is not, a JSON scalar value.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="collection-functions-and-operators">Collection functions and operators</h4>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stripes-even stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 14.2857%;">
<col style="width: 28.5714%;">
<col style="width: 57.1429%;">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Name</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ARRAY</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ARRAY[value[, value]&#8230;&#8203;]</code> or <code>ARRAY(query)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Creates an array from values or from a query result.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>MAP</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>MAP[key, value[, key, value]&#8230;&#8203;]</code> or <code>MAP(query)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Creates a map from key-value pairs or from a query result.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ITEM</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>array[index]</code> or <code>map[key]</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns an item from an array or map.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CARDINALITY</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CARDINALITY(collection)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the number of elements in a collection.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>IS EMPTY</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>collection IS EMPTY</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Checks whether a collection has no elements.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>IS NOT EMPTY</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>collection IS NOT EMPTY</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Checks whether a collection has at least one element.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="other-functions-and-operators">Other functions and operators</h4>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stripes-even stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 14.2857%;">
<col style="width: 28.5714%;">
<col style="width: 57.1429%;">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Name</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Syntax</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ROW</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>ROW(value[, value]&#8230;&#8203;)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Creates a row value.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CAST</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CAST(value AS type)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Converts a value to the specified type.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Infix cast</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>value::type</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Converts a value to the specified type using PostgreSQL-style cast syntax.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TYPEOF</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TYPEOF(value)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the Ignite SQL type of a value.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>COALESCE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>COALESCE(value, value[, value]&#8230;&#8203;)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the first non-null value.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>NVL</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>NVL(value1, value2)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns <code>value1</code> when it is not null; otherwise returns <code>value2</code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>NULLIF</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>NULLIF(value1, value2)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns <code>NULL</code> when the values are equal; otherwise returns <code>value1</code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CASE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>CASE WHEN condition THEN result [ELSE result] END</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a result selected by conditional branches.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DECODE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>DECODE(value, search, result[, search, result]&#8230;&#8203;[, default])</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Compares a value with search values and returns the matching result.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>LEAST</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>LEAST(value[, value]&#8230;&#8203;)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the least value from the arguments.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>GREATEST</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>GREATEST(value[, value]&#8230;&#8203;)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the greatest value from the arguments.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>COMPRESS</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>COMPRESS(string)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Compresses a string and returns binary data.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>OCTET_LENGTH</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>OCTET_LENGTH(binary)</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the number of bytes in binary data.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>QUERY_ENGINE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>QUERY_ENGINE()</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns the name of the query engine used by the query.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>SYSTEM_RANGE</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>TABLE(SYSTEM_RANGE(start, end[, increment]))</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Returns a table with one <code>BIGINT</code> column named <code>X</code> and one row for each value in the range.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="supported-data-types">Supported Data Types</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Below are the data types supported by the Calcite-based SQL engine:</p>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stripes-even stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 50%;">
<col style="width: 50%;">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Data type</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Mapped to Java class</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">BOOLEAN</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>java.lang.Boolean</code></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">DECIMAL</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>java.math.BigDecimal</code></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">DOUBLE</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>java.lang.Double</code></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">REAL/FLOAT</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>java.lang.Float</code></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">INT</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>java.lang.Integer</code></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">BIGINT</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>java.lang.Long</code></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">SMALLINT</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>java.lang.Short</code></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">TINYINT</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>java.lang.Byte</code></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">CHAR/VARCHAR</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>java.lang.String</code></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">DATE</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>java.sql.Date</code></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">TIME</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>java.sql.Time</code></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">TIMESTAMP</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>java.sql.Timestamp</code></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>java.time.Period</code></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>java.time.Duration</code></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">BINARY/VARBINARY</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>byte[]</code></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">UUID</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>java.util.UUID</code></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">OTHER</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>java.lang.Object</code></p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="hints">Optimizer hints</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The query optimizer does its best to build the fastest excution plan. However, this is a far way to create an optimizer
which is the most effective for each case. You can better know about the data design, application design or data
distribution in the cluster. SQL hints can help the optimizer to make optimizations more rationally or build
execution plan faster.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>SQL hints are optional to apply and might be skipped in some cases.</p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="hints-format">Hints format</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>SQL hints are defined by a special comment /*+ HINT */ reffered as <em>hint block</em>. Spaces before and after the
hint name are required. The hint block is placed right after <em>SELECT</em> or after a table name. Several hint blocks for
one <em>SELECT</em> or one table <strong>are not allowed</strong>. Several hints in one hint block are separated with comma.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="SQL">SELECT /*+ FORCE_INDEX(IDX_TBL1_V2), EXPAND_DISTINCT_AGG */ V2, AVG(DISTINCT V3) FROM TBL1 WHERE V1=? and V2=? GROUP BY V2
SELECT * FROM TBL1 /*+ FORCE_INDEX(IDX_TBL1_V2) */ where V1=? and V2=?</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>It is allowed to define several hints for the same relation operator. To use several hints, separate them by comma
(spaces are optional).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="SQL">SELECT /*+ NO_INDEX, EXPAND_DISTINCT_AGG */ SUM(DISTINCT V1), AVG(DISTINCT V2) FROM TBL1 WHERE V3=? GROUP BY V3</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="hint-parameters">Hint parameters</h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Hint parameters, if required, are placed in brackets after the hint name and separated by commas.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The hint parameter can be quoted. Quoted parameter is case-sensitive. The quoted and unquoted parameters cannot be
defined for the same hint.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="SQL">SELECT /*+ FORCE_INDEX(TBL1_IDX2,TBL2_IDX1) */ T1.V1, T2.V1 FROM TBL1 T1, TBL2 T2 WHERE T1.V1 = T2.V1 AND T1.V2 &gt; ? AND T2.V2 &gt; ?;
SELECT /*+ FORCE_INDEX('TBL2_idx1') */ T1.V1, T2.V1 FROM TBL1 T1, TBL2 T2 WHERE T1.V1 = T2.V1 AND T1.V2 &gt; ? AND T2.V2 &gt; ?;</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="hint-scope">Hint scope</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Hints of a <em>SELECT</em> are "visible" for this operation and the following relation operators, queries and subqueries.
Hints in a subquery have effective scope only for this subquery and its subqueries. Hint, defined for a table, is
effective only for this table.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Example:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="SQL">SELECT /*+ NO_INDEX(TBL1_IDX2), FORCE_INDEX(TBL2_IDX2) */ T1.V1 FROM TBL1 T1 WHERE T1.V2 IN (SELECT T2.V2 FROM TBL2 T2 WHERE T2.V1=? AND T2.V2=?);
SELECT T1.V1 FROM TBL1 T1 WHERE T1.V2 IN (SELECT /*+ FORCE_INDEX(TBL2_IDX2) */ T2.V2 FROM TBL2 T2 WHERE T2.V1=? AND T2.V2=?);
SELECT T1.V1 FROM TBL1 T1 JOIN TBL2 /*+ MERGE_JOIN */ T2 ON T1.V2=T2.V2 and T1.V3=T2.V3 and T2.V3=?;</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Note that only the first query has a hint in such a case as:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="SQL">SELECT /*+ FORCE_INDEX */ V1 FROM TBL1 WHERE V1=? AND V2=?
UNION ALL
SELECT V1 FROM TBL1 WHERE V3&gt;?</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>But <strong>there are exceptions</strong>: hints of engine or optimizer level, such as <a href="#hint_disable_rule"><em>DISABLE_RULE</em></a> or
<a href="#hint_query_engine"><em>QUERY_ENGINE</em></a>. Such hints should be defined at the beginning of the query and are related to
the whole query.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="hints-priority">Hints priority</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Hints, defined in subqueries or in the following <em>SELECTs</em>, have priority over the preceding ones. In the following example,
an index for <em>TBL2</em> is actually applied.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="SQL">SELECT /*+ NO_INDEX */ * FROM TBL1 T1 WHERE T1.V1 = (SELECT /*+ FORCE_INDEX */ T2.V1 FROM TBL2 T2 where T2.V2=? and T2.V3=?)</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Table hints usually have a bigger priority. In the following example, an index for <em>TBL1</em> is actually applied.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="SQL">SELECT /*+ NO_INDEX */ * FROM TBL /*+ FORCE_INDEX(IDX_TBL1_V2) */ where V1=? and V2=? and V3=?;</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="hints-errors">Hints errors</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The optimizer tries to apply every hint and its parameters, if possible. But it skips the hint or hint parameter if:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>There is no such supported hint.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Required hint parameters are not passed.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The hint parameters have been passed, but the hint does not support any parameter.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The hint parameter is incorrect or refers to a nonexistent object, such as a nonexistent index or table.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The current hints or current parameters are incompatible with the previous ones, such as forcing the use and disabling of the same index.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="hint-limitations">Hint limitations</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Currently, SQL hints do not recognize the aliases. You can&#8217;t refer to an alias like this:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="SQL">SELECT /*+ MERGE_JOIN(T2) */ T2.V1 FROM TBL1 T1 JOIN TBL2 T2 ON T1.V3=T2.V1 WHERE T1.V2=? AND T2.V2=?</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Instead, a table name have to be used:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="SQL">SELECT /*+ MERGE_JOIN(TBL2) */ T2.V1 FROM TBL1 T1 JOIN TBL2 T2 ON T1.V3=T2.V1 WHERE T1.V2=? AND T2.V2=?</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="supportted-hints">Supportted hints</h3>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="force_index-no_index">FORCE_INDEX / NO_INDEX</h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Forces or disables index scan.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect4">
<h5 id="parameters">Parameters:</h5>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Empty. To force an index scan for every undelying table. Optimizer will choose any available index. Or to disable all indexes.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Single index name to use or skip exactly this index.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Several index names. They can relate to different tables. The optimizer will choose indexes for scanning or skip them all.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect4">
<h5 id="example">Example:</h5>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="SQL">SELECT /*+ FORCE_INDEX */ T1.* FROM TBL1 T1 WHERE T1.V1 = T2.V1 AND T1.V2 &gt; ?;
SELECT /*+ FORCE_INDEX(TBL1_IDX2, TBL2_IDX1) */ T1.V1, T2.V1 FROM TBL1 T1, TBL2 T2 WHERE T1.V1 = T2.V1 AND T1.V2 &gt; ? AND T2.V2 &gt; ?;
SELECT /*+ NO_INDEX */ T1.* FROM TBL1 T1 WHERE T1.V1 = T2.V1 AND T1.V2 &gt; ?;
SELECT /*+ NO_INDEX(TBL1_IDX2, TBL2_IDX1) */ T1.V1, T2.V1 FROM TBL1 T1, TBL2 T2 WHERE T1.V1 = T2.V1 AND T1.V2 &gt; ? AND T2.V2 &gt; ?;
SELECT T1.V1, T2.V2 FROM TBL1 t1 JOIN TBL2 /*+ FORCE_INDEX(IDX2_2) */ T2 on T1.V3=T2.V3 and T1.V1=T2.V2 and T2.V1=?";</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="enforce_join_order">ENFORCE_JOIN_ORDER</h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Forces join order as appears in a query. Fastens building of joins plan.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect4">
<h5 id="example-2">Example:</h5>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="SQL">SELECT /*+ ENFORCE_JOIN_ORDER */ T1.V1, T2.V1, T2.V2, T3.V1, T3.V2, T3.V3 FROM TBL1 T1 JOIN TBL2 T2 ON T1.V3=T2.V1 JOIN TBL3 T3 ON T2.V3=T3.V1 AND T2.V2=T3.V2
SELECT t1.v1, t3.v2 FROM TBL1 t1 JOIN TBL3 t3 on t1.v3=t3.v3 WHERE t1.v2 in (SELECT /*+ ENFORCE_JOIN_ORDER */ t2.v2 FROM TBL2 t2 JOIN TBL3 t3 ON t2.v1=t3.v1)</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="merge_join-nl_join-cnl_join-hash_join">MERGE_JOIN, NL_JOIN, CNL_JOIN, HASH_JOIN</h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Forces certain join type: Merge, Nested Loop, Correlated Nested Loop and Hash Join respectively.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Every of those has the negation like 'NO_INDEX': CNL_JOIN, NO_CNL_JOIN, NO_HASH_JOIN. The negation hint disables certain join type.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect4">
<h5 id="parameters-2">Parameters:</h5>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Empty. To force or disable certain join type for every join.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Single or several tables names force or disable certain join type only for joining of these tables.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect4">
<h5 id="example-3">Example:</h5>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="SQL">SELECT /*+ MERGE_JOIN */ t1.v1, t2.v2 FROM TBL1 t1, TBL2 t2 WHERE t1.v3=t2.v3
SELECT /*+ NL_JOIN(TBL3,TBL1) */ t4.v1, t2.v2 FROM TBL1 t4 JOIN TBL2 t2 on t1.v3=t2.v3 WHERE t2.v1 in (SELECT t3.v3 FROM TBL3 t3 JOIN TBL1 t4 on t3.v2=t4.v2)
SELECT t1.v1, t2.v2 FROM TBL2 t1 JOIN TBL1 t2 on t1.v3=t2.v3 WHERE t2.v3 in (SELECT /*+ NO_CNL_JOIN(TBL4) */ t3.v3 FROM TBL3 t3 JOIN TBL4 t4 on t3.v1=t4.v1)
SELECT t4.v1, t2.v2 FROM TBL1 t4 JOIN TBL2 t2 on t1.v3=t2.v3 WHERE t2.v1 in (SELECT t3.v3 FROM TBL3 t3 JOIN TBL1 /*+ HASH_JOIN */ t4 on t3.v2=t4.v2)</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="expand_distinct_agg">EXPAND_DISTINCT_AGG</h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If the optimizer wraps aggregation operations with a join, forces expanding of only distinct aggregates to the join.
Removes duplicates before the joining and speeds up it.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect4">
<h5 id="example-4">Example:</h5>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="SQL">SELECT /*+ EXPAND_DISTINCT_AGG */ SUM(DISTINCT V1), AVG(DISTINCT V2) FROM TBL1 GROUP BY V3</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="hint_query_engine">QUERY_ENGINE</h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Selects a particular engine to run individual queries. This is an engine level hint.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect4">
<h5 id="parameters-3">Parameters:</h5>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Single parameter required: the engine name.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect4">
<h5 id="example-5">Example:</h5>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="SQL">SELECT /*+ QUERY_ENGINE('calcite') */ V1 FROM TBL1</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="hint_disable_rule">DISABLE_RULE</h4>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Disables certain optimizer rules. This is an optimizer level hint.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect4">
<h5 id="parameters-4">Parameters:</h5>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>One or more optimizer rules for skipping.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect4">
<h5 id="example-6">Example:</h5>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="SQL">SELECT /*+ DISABLE_RULE('MergeJoinConverter') */ T1.* FROM TBL1 T1 JOIN TBL2 T2 ON T1.V1=T2.V1 WHERE T2.V2=?</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="transaction-aware-queries">Transaction-aware Queries</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The Calcite-based query engine supports SQL transactions with READ_COMMITTED isolation.
To ensure backward compatibility, transaction support is disabled by default. To enable it, use the following configuration:</p>
</div>
<code-tabs><code-tab data-tab='XML'><div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="xml"><span class="nt">&lt;bean</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.ignite.configuration.IgniteConfiguration"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"transactionConfiguration"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;bean</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.ignite.configuration.TransactionConfiguration"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"txAwareQueriesEnabled"</span> <span class="na">value=</span><span class="s">"true"</span> <span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
...
<span class="nt">&lt;/bean&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/property&gt;</span>
...
<span class="nt">&lt;/bean&gt;</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div></code-tab><code-tab data-tab='Java'><div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="rouge highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="nc">IgniteConfiguration</span> <span class="n">cfg</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="nc">IgniteConfiguration</span><span class="o">();</span>
<span class="n">cfg</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">getTransactionConfiguration</span><span class="o">().</span><span class="na">setTxAwareQueriesEnabled</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="o">);</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div></code-tab></code-tabs>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The following API "transactional aware":</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>key-value API.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>SQL queries with Calcite engine.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Scan queries.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>"Transactional aware" means:</p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>ACID in the same way as key-value API.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Any data modified or deleted within a transaction will not be visible to concurrent transactions until it is committed.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Any data modified by a query will be returned with updated values by subsequent queries within the same transaction.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>So, when <code>txAwareQueriesEnabled = true</code> enabled the usage:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements with regular transaction guarantees.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Mix key-value, SQL and Scan queries to process same dataset.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<div class="title">Note</div>
</td>
<td class="content">
<h3 id="select-for-update" class="discrete">SELECT &#8230;&#8203; FOR UPDATE</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Currently, no locks are held by the UPDATE or SELECT statements.
<code>SELECT &#8230;&#8203; FOR UPDATE</code> statement not supported.
This means lost updates can occur when multiple transactions concurrently modify the same key.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>For example, if you execute a query like <code>SET salary = salary + 50 WHERE id = 1</code> concurrently across multiple threads,
note that due to the lost-update anomaly, the final value may not equal the original salary plus 50 multiplied by the number of threads.</p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="copyright">
© 2026 The Apache Software Foundation.<br/>
Apache, Apache Ignite, the Apache feather and the Apache Ignite logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation.
</div>
</article>
<nav class="right-nav" data-swiftype-index='false'>
<div class="toc-wrapper">
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#calcite-module-libraries">Calcite Module Libraries</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#standalone-mode">Standalone Mode</a></li>
<li><a href="#maven-configuration">Maven Configuration</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#configuring-query-engines">Configuring Query Engines</a></li>
<li><a href="#routing-queries-to-query-engine">Routing Queries to Query Engine</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#jdbc">JDBC</a></li>
<li><a href="#odbc">ODBC</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#memory-quotas">Memory Quotas</a></li>
<li><a href="#sql-reference">SQL Reference</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#ddl">DDL</a></li>
<li><a href="#dml">DML</a></li>
<li><a href="#supported-functions">Supported Functions</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#aggregate-functions">Aggregate functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#string-functions-and-predicates">String functions and predicates</a></li>
<li><a href="#regular-expression-functions-and-operators">Regular expression functions and operators</a></li>
<li><a href="#numeric-and-math-functions">Numeric and math functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#date-and-time-functions">Date and time functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#xml-functions">XML functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#json-functions-and-predicates">JSON functions and predicates</a></li>
<li><a href="#collection-functions-and-operators">Collection functions and operators</a></li>
<li><a href="#other-functions-and-operators">Other functions and operators</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#supported-data-types">Supported Data Types</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#hints">Optimizer hints</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#hints-format">Hints format</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#hint-parameters">Hint parameters</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#hint-scope">Hint scope</a></li>
<li><a href="#hints-priority">Hints priority</a></li>
<li><a href="#hints-errors">Hints errors</a></li>
<li><a href="#hint-limitations">Hint limitations</a></li>
<li><a href="#supportted-hints">Supportted hints</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#force_index-no_index">FORCE_INDEX / NO_INDEX</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="#parameters">Parameters:</a></li>
<li><a href="#example">Example:</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#enforce_join_order">ENFORCE_JOIN_ORDER</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="#example-2">Example:</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#merge_join-nl_join-cnl_join-hash_join">MERGE_JOIN, NL_JOIN, CNL_JOIN, HASH_JOIN</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="#parameters-2">Parameters:</a></li>
<li><a href="#example-3">Example:</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#expand_distinct_agg">EXPAND_DISTINCT_AGG</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="#example-4">Example:</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#hint_query_engine">QUERY_ENGINE</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="#parameters-3">Parameters:</a></li>
<li><a href="#example-5">Example:</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#hint_disable_rule">DISABLE_RULE</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="#parameters-4">Parameters:</a></li>
<li><a href="#example-6">Example:</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#transaction-aware-queries">Transaction-aware Queries</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<nav class="promo-nav">
<!--#include virtual="/includes/docs_rightnav_promotion.html" -->
<!--a href="#" data-trigger-bugyard-feedback="true" id="doc-feedback-btn">Docs Feedback</a-->
</nav>
</nav>
</section>
<script type='module' src='/assets/js/code-copy-to-clipboard.js' async crossorigin></script>
<script>
// inits deep anchors -- needs to be done here because of https://www.bryanbraun.com/anchorjs/#dont-run-it-too-late
anchors.add('.page-docs h1, .page-docs h2, .page-docs h3:not(.discrete), .page-docs h4, .page-docs h5');
anchors.options = {
placement: 'right',
visible: 'always'
};
</script>
<script type='module' src='/assets/js/index.js?1784527223' async crossorigin></script>
<script type='module' src='/assets/js/versioning.js?1784527223' async crossorigin></script>
<script type='module' src='/assets/js/railroad-diagram.js?1784527223' async></script>
<script type='module' src='/assets/js/search.js?1784527223' defer crossorigin></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/styles.css?1784527223" media="print" onload="this.media='all'">
<noscript><link media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/styles.css?1784527223"></noscript>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/docsearch.min.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'">
<noscript><link media="all" rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/docsearch.min.css"></noscript>
</body>
</html>