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<div class="subTitle">org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce</div>
<h2 title="Class Reducer" class="title">Class Reducer&lt;KEYIN,VALUEIN,KEYOUT,VALUEOUT&gt;</h2>
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<li>org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer&lt;KEYIN,VALUEIN,KEYOUT,VALUEOUT&gt;</li>
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<dt>Direct Known Subclasses:</dt>
<dd><a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/chain/ChainReducer.html" title="class in org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.chain">ChainReducer</a>, <a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/fieldsel/FieldSelectionReducer.html" title="class in org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.fieldsel">FieldSelectionReducer</a>, <a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/reduce/IntSumReducer.html" title="class in org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.reduce">IntSumReducer</a>, <a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/reduce/LongSumReducer.html" title="class in org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.reduce">LongSumReducer</a>, <a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/aggregate/ValueAggregatorCombiner.html" title="class in org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.aggregate">ValueAggregatorCombiner</a>, <a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/aggregate/ValueAggregatorReducer.html" title="class in org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.aggregate">ValueAggregatorReducer</a>, <a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/lib/reduce/WrappedReducer.html" title="class in org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.reduce">WrappedReducer</a></dd>
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<pre><a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/task/annotation/Checkpointable.html" title="annotation in org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.task.annotation">@Checkpointable</a>
@InterfaceAudience.Public
@InterfaceStability.Stable
public class <span class="typeNameLabel">Reducer&lt;KEYIN,VALUEIN,KEYOUT,VALUEOUT&gt;</span>
extends <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.lang">Object</a></pre>
<div class="block">Reduces a set of intermediate values which share a key to a smaller set of
values.
<p><code>Reducer</code> implementations
can access the <a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/conf/Configuration.html" title="class in org.apache.hadoop.conf"><code>Configuration</code></a> for the job via the
<a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/JobContext.html#getConfiguration--"><code>JobContext.getConfiguration()</code></a> method.</p>
<p><code>Reducer</code> has 3 primary phases:</p>
<ol>
<li>
<b id="Shuffle">Shuffle</b>
<p>The <code>Reducer</code> copies the sorted output from each
<a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/Mapper.html" title="class in org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce"><code>Mapper</code></a> using HTTP across the network.</p>
</li>
<li>
<b id="Sort">Sort</b>
<p>The framework merge sorts <code>Reducer</code> inputs by
<code>key</code>s
(since different <code>Mapper</code>s may have output the same key).</p>
<p>The shuffle and sort phases occur simultaneously i.e. while outputs are
being fetched they are merged.</p>
<b id="SecondarySort">SecondarySort</b>
<p>To achieve a secondary sort on the values returned by the value
iterator, the application should extend the key with the secondary
key and define a grouping comparator. The keys will be sorted using the
entire key, but will be grouped using the grouping comparator to decide
which keys and values are sent in the same call to reduce.The grouping
comparator is specified via
<a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/Job.html#setGroupingComparatorClass-java.lang.Class-"><code>Job.setGroupingComparatorClass(Class)</code></a>. The sort order is
controlled by
<a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/Job.html#setSortComparatorClass-java.lang.Class-"><code>Job.setSortComparatorClass(Class)</code></a>.</p>
For example, say that you want to find duplicate web pages and tag them
all with the url of the "best" known example. You would set up the job
like:
<ul>
<li>Map Input Key: url</li>
<li>Map Input Value: document</li>
<li>Map Output Key: document checksum, url pagerank</li>
<li>Map Output Value: url</li>
<li>Partitioner: by checksum</li>
<li>OutputKeyComparator: by checksum and then decreasing pagerank</li>
<li>OutputValueGroupingComparator: by checksum</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<b id="Reduce">Reduce</b>
<p>In this phase the
<a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/Reducer.html#reduce-KEYIN-java.lang.Iterable-org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer.Context-"><code>reduce(Object, Iterable, org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer.Context)</code></a>
method is called for each <code>&lt;key, (collection of values)&gt;</code> in
the sorted inputs.</p>
<p>The output of the reduce task is typically written to a
<a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/RecordWriter.html" title="class in org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce"><code>RecordWriter</code></a> via
<a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/TaskInputOutputContext.html#write-KEYOUT-VALUEOUT-"><code>TaskInputOutputContext.write(Object, Object)</code></a>.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>The output of the <code>Reducer</code> is <b>not re-sorted</b>.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<p><blockquote><pre>
public class IntSumReducer&lt;Key&gt; extends Reducer&lt;Key,IntWritable,
Key,IntWritable&gt; {
private IntWritable result = new IntWritable();
public void reduce(Key key, Iterable&lt;IntWritable&gt; values,
Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
int sum = 0;
for (IntWritable val : values) {
sum += val.get();
}
result.set(sum);
context.write(key, result);
}
}
</pre></blockquote></div>
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<dt><span class="seeLabel">See Also:</span></dt>
<dd><a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/Mapper.html" title="class in org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce"><code>Mapper</code></a>,
<a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/Partitioner.html" title="class in org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce"><code>Partitioner</code></a></dd>
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<td class="colOne"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/Reducer.html#Reducer--">Reducer</a></span>()</code>&nbsp;</td>
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<td class="colFirst"><code>protected void</code></td>
<td class="colLast"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/Reducer.html#cleanup-org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer.Context-">cleanup</a></span>(org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer.Context&nbsp;context)</code>
<div class="block">Called once at the end of the task.</div>
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<tr id="i1" class="rowColor">
<td class="colFirst"><code>protected void</code></td>
<td class="colLast"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/Reducer.html#reduce-KEYIN-java.lang.Iterable-org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer.Context-">reduce</a></span>(<a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/Reducer.html" title="type parameter in Reducer">KEYIN</a>&nbsp;key,
<a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Iterable.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.lang">Iterable</a>&lt;<a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/Reducer.html" title="type parameter in Reducer">VALUEIN</a>&gt;&nbsp;values,
org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer.Context&nbsp;context)</code>
<div class="block">This method is called once for each key.</div>
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<tr id="i2" class="altColor">
<td class="colFirst"><code>void</code></td>
<td class="colLast"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/Reducer.html#run-org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer.Context-">run</a></span>(org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer.Context&nbsp;context)</code>
<div class="block">Advanced application writers can use the
<a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/Reducer.html#run-org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer.Context-"><code>run(org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer.Context)</code></a> method to
control how the reduce task works.</div>
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<td class="colFirst"><code>protected void</code></td>
<td class="colLast"><code><span class="memberNameLink"><a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/Reducer.html#setup-org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer.Context-">setup</a></span>(org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer.Context&nbsp;context)</code>
<div class="block">Called once at the start of the task.</div>
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<code><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#clone--" title="class or interface in java.lang">clone</a>, <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#equals-java.lang.Object-" title="class or interface in java.lang">equals</a>, <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#finalize--" title="class or interface in java.lang">finalize</a>, <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#getClass--" title="class or interface in java.lang">getClass</a>, <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#hashCode--" title="class or interface in java.lang">hashCode</a>, <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#notify--" title="class or interface in java.lang">notify</a>, <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#notifyAll--" title="class or interface in java.lang">notifyAll</a>, <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#toString--" title="class or interface in java.lang">toString</a>, <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#wait--" title="class or interface in java.lang">wait</a>, <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#wait-long-" title="class or interface in java.lang">wait</a>, <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html?is-external=true#wait-long-int-" title="class or interface in java.lang">wait</a></code></li>
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<h3>Constructor Detail</h3>
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<h4>Reducer</h4>
<pre>public&nbsp;Reducer()</pre>
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<h4>setup</h4>
<pre>protected&nbsp;void&nbsp;setup(org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer.Context&nbsp;context)
throws <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/IOException.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.io">IOException</a>,
<a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/InterruptedException.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.lang">InterruptedException</a></pre>
<div class="block">Called once at the start of the task.</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="throwsLabel">Throws:</span></dt>
<dd><code><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/IOException.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.io">IOException</a></code></dd>
<dd><code><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/InterruptedException.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.lang">InterruptedException</a></code></dd>
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<h4>reduce</h4>
<pre>protected&nbsp;void&nbsp;reduce(<a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/Reducer.html" title="type parameter in Reducer">KEYIN</a>&nbsp;key,
<a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Iterable.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.lang">Iterable</a>&lt;<a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/Reducer.html" title="type parameter in Reducer">VALUEIN</a>&gt;&nbsp;values,
org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer.Context&nbsp;context)
throws <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/IOException.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.io">IOException</a>,
<a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/InterruptedException.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.lang">InterruptedException</a></pre>
<div class="block">This method is called once for each key. Most applications will define
their reduce class by overriding this method. The default implementation
is an identity function.</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="throwsLabel">Throws:</span></dt>
<dd><code><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/IOException.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.io">IOException</a></code></dd>
<dd><code><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/InterruptedException.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.lang">InterruptedException</a></code></dd>
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<h4>cleanup</h4>
<pre>protected&nbsp;void&nbsp;cleanup(org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer.Context&nbsp;context)
throws <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/IOException.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.io">IOException</a>,
<a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/InterruptedException.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.lang">InterruptedException</a></pre>
<div class="block">Called once at the end of the task.</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="throwsLabel">Throws:</span></dt>
<dd><code><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/IOException.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.io">IOException</a></code></dd>
<dd><code><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/InterruptedException.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.lang">InterruptedException</a></code></dd>
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<h4>run</h4>
<pre>public&nbsp;void&nbsp;run(org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer.Context&nbsp;context)
throws <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/IOException.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.io">IOException</a>,
<a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/InterruptedException.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.lang">InterruptedException</a></pre>
<div class="block">Advanced application writers can use the
<a href="../../../../org/apache/hadoop/mapreduce/Reducer.html#run-org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer.Context-"><code>run(org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer.Context)</code></a> method to
control how the reduce task works.</div>
<dl>
<dt><span class="throwsLabel">Throws:</span></dt>
<dd><code><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/IOException.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.io">IOException</a></code></dd>
<dd><code><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/InterruptedException.html?is-external=true" title="class or interface in java.lang">InterruptedException</a></code></dd>
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