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class="title">入门篇</span></div> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level1"><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/basics/download" class="nav-link"><span class="title">获取 ECharts</span></a> <!----></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/basics/import" class="nav-link"><span class="title">在项目中引入 ECharts</span></a> <!----></li><!----><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/basics/inspiration" class="nav-link"><span class="title">获取灵感</span></a> <!----></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/basics/help" class="nav-link"><span class="title">寻求帮助</span></a> <!----></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link"><span class="title">版本介绍</span> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-down"></span></a> <!----></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><div class="nav-link"><span class="title">概念篇</span></div> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level1"><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/concepts/chart-size" class="nav-link"><span class="title">图表容器及大小</span></a> <!----></li><!----><!----><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/concepts/style" class="nav-link"><span class="title">样式</span></a> <!----></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/concepts/dataset" class="nav-link"><span class="title">数据集</span></a> <!----></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/concepts/data-transform" class="nav-link"><span class="title">数据转换</span></a> <!----></li><!----><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/concepts/axis" class="nav-link"><span class="title">坐标轴</span></a> <!----></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/concepts/visual-map" aria-current="page" class="nav-link nuxt-link-exact-active nuxt-link-active"><span class="title">视觉映射</span></a> <!----></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/concepts/legend" class="nav-link"><span class="title">图例</span></a> <!----></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/concepts/event" class="nav-link"><span class="title">事件与行为</span></a> <!----></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><div class="nav-link"><span class="title">应用篇</span></div> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level1"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link"><span class="title">常用图表类型</span> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-down"></span></a> <!----></li><!----><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link"><span class="title">跨平台方案</span> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-down"></span></a> <!----></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link"><span class="title">数据处理</span> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-down"></span></a> <!----></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link"><span class="title">标签</span> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-down"></span></a> <!----></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link"><span class="title">交互</span> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-down"></span></a> <!----></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><div class="nav-link"><span class="title">最佳实践</span></div> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level1"><!----><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/best-practice/canvas-vs-svg" class="nav-link"><span class="title">Canvas vs. SVG</span></a> <!----></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/best-practice/aria" class="nav-link"><span class="title">无障碍访问</span></a> <!----></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><div class="nav-link"><span class="title">编辑本文档</span></div> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level1"><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/meta/edit-guide" class="nav-link"><span class="title">文档编辑指南</span></a> <!----></li></ul></li></ul></div></div> <div class="bd-content col-sm-7 pl-sm-2 col-12"><div class="post-content content"><div><div class="post-inner"><div class="nuxt-content"><h1 id="数据的视觉映射"><a href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>数据的视觉映射</h1> | |
| <p>数据可视化是数据到视觉元素的映射过程（这个过程也可称为视觉编码，视觉元素也可称为视觉通道）。</p> | |
| <p>ECharts 的每种图表本身就内置了这种映射过程，比如折线图把数据映射到“线”，柱状图把数据映射到“长度”。一些更复杂的图表，如关系图、事件河流图、树图也都会做出各自内置的映射。</p> | |
| <p>此外，ECharts 还提供了 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">visualMap 组件</a> 来提供通用的视觉映射。<code>visualMap</code> 组件中可以使用的视觉元素有：</p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li>图形类别（symbol）、图形大小（symbolSize）</li> | |
| <li>颜色（color）、透明度（opacity）、颜色透明度（colorAlpha）、</li> | |
| <li>颜色明暗度（colorLightness）、颜色饱和度（colorSaturation）、色调（colorHue）</li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p>下面对 <code>visualMap</code> 组件的使用方式进行简要的介绍。</p> | |
| <h2 id="数据和维度"><a href="#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%92%8C%E7%BB%B4%E5%BA%A6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>数据和维度</h2> | |
| <p>ECharts 中的数据，一般存放于 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#series.data" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><code>series.data</code></a> 中。根据图表类型不同，数据的具体形式也可能有些许差异。比如可能是“线性表“、“树“、“图“等。但他们都有个共性：都是“数据项（dataItem）“的集合。每个数据项含有“数据值（value）“和其他信息（如果需要的话）。每个数据值，可以是单一的数值（一维）或者一个数组（多维）。</p> | |
| <p>例如，<a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#series.data" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">series.data</a> 最常见的形式，是“线性表“，即一个普通数组：</p> | |
| <div class="nuxt-content-highlight"><div class="md-code-block"><div class="nuxt-content-highlight"><pre class="language-js line-numbers"><code></code></pre></div> <!----> <div class="clipboard" data-v-479657ca><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-6 w-6" data-v-479657ca><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-6 w-6" data-v-479657ca><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M8 5H6a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2v-1M8 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M8 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m0 0h2a2 2 0 012 2v3m2 4H10m0 0l3-3m-3 3l3 3" data-v-479657ca></path></svg></svg></div></div></div> | |
| <div class="nuxt-content-highlight"><div class="md-code-block"><div class="nuxt-content-highlight"><pre class="language-js line-numbers"><code></code></pre></div> <!----> <div class="clipboard" data-v-479657ca><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-6 w-6" data-v-479657ca><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-6 w-6" data-v-479657ca><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M8 5H6a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2v-1M8 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M8 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m0 0h2a2 2 0 012 2v3m2 4H10m0 0l3-3m-3 3l3 3" data-v-479657ca></path></svg></svg></div></div></div> | |
| <p>在图表中，往往默认把 value 的前一两个维度进行映射，比如取第一个维度映射到 x 轴，取第二个维度映射到 y 轴。如果想要把更多的维度展现出来，可以借助 <code>visualMap</code>。最常见的情况，<a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#series-scatter" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">散点图（scatter）</a> 使用半径展现了第三个维度。</p> | |
| <h2 id="visualmap-组件"><a href="#visualmap-%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>visualMap 组件</h2> | |
| <p>visualMap 组件定义了把数据的<em>哪个维度</em>映射到<em>什么视觉元素上</em>。</p> | |
| <p>现在提供如下两种类型的 visualMap 组件，通过 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap.type" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">visualMap.type</a> 来区分。</p> | |
| <p>其定义结构例如：</p> | |
| <div class="nuxt-content-highlight"><div class="md-code-block"><div class="nuxt-content-highlight"><pre class="language-js line-numbers"><code></code></pre></div> <!----> <div class="clipboard" data-v-479657ca><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-6 w-6" data-v-479657ca><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-6 w-6" data-v-479657ca><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M8 5H6a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2v-1M8 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M8 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m0 0h2a2 2 0 012 2v3m2 4H10m0 0l3-3m-3 3l3 3" data-v-479657ca></path></svg></svg></div></div></div> | |
| <h2 id="连续型与分段型视觉映射组件"><a href="#%E8%BF%9E%E7%BB%AD%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%88%86%E6%AE%B5%E5%9E%8B%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>连续型与分段型视觉映射组件</h2> | |
| <p>ECharts 的视觉映射组件分为连续型（<a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap-continuous" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">visualMapContinuous</a>）与分段型（<a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap-piecewise" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">visualMapPiecewise</a>）。</p> | |
| <p>连续型的意思是，进行视觉映射的数据维度是连续的数值；而分段型则是数据被分成了多段或者是离散型的数据。</p> | |
| <h3 id="连续型视觉映射"><a href="#%E8%BF%9E%E7%BB%AD%E5%9E%8B%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>连续型视觉映射</h3> | |
| <p>连续型视觉映射通过指定最大值、最小值，就可以确定视觉映射的范围。</p> | |
| <div class="nuxt-content-highlight"><div class="md-code-block"><div class="nuxt-content-highlight"><pre class="language-js line-numbers"><code></code></pre></div> <!----> <div class="clipboard" data-v-479657ca><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-6 w-6" data-v-479657ca><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-6 w-6" data-v-479657ca><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M8 5H6a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2v-1M8 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M8 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m0 0h2a2 2 0 012 2v3m2 4H10m0 0l3-3m-3 3l3 3" data-v-479657ca></path></svg></svg></div></div></div> | |
| <p>其中，<a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap.inRange" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">visualMap.inRange</a> 表示在数据映射范围内的数据采用的样式；而 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap.outOfRange" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">visualMap.outOfRange</a> 则指定了超出映射范围外的数据的样式。</p> | |
| <p><a href="~visualMap.dimension">visualMap.dimension</a> 则指定了将数据的哪个维度做视觉映射。</p> | |
| <h3 id="分段型视觉映射"><a href="#%E5%88%86%E6%AE%B5%E5%9E%8B%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><span class="icon icon-link"></span></a>分段型视觉映射</h3> | |
| <p>分段型视觉映射组件有三种模式：</p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li>连续型数据平均分段：依据 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap-piecewise.splitNumber" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">visualMap-piecewise.splitNumber</a> 来自动平均分割成若干块。</li> | |
| <li>连续型数据自定义分段：依据 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap-piecewise.pieces" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">visualMap-piecewise.pieces</a> 来定义每块范围。</li> | |
| <li>离散数据（类别性数据）：类别定义在 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap-piecewise.categories" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">visualMap-piecewise.categories</a> 中。</li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p>使用分段型视觉映射时，需要将 <code>type</code> 设为 <code>'piecewise'</code>，并且将上面的三个配置项选其一配置即可，其他配置项类似连续型视觉映射。</p></div> <div class="table-of-contents"><h4 class="toc-container-header">本页目录</h4> <ul><li class="toc2"><a href="/handbook/zh/concepts/visual-map#%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%92%8C%E7%BB%B4%E5%BA%A6">数据和维度</a></li><li class="toc2"><a href="/handbook/zh/concepts/visual-map#visualmap-%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6">visualMap 组件</a></li><li class="toc2"><a href="/handbook/zh/concepts/visual-map#%E8%BF%9E%E7%BB%AD%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%88%86%E6%AE%B5%E5%9E%8B%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6">连续型与分段型视觉映射组件</a></li><li class="toc3"><a href="/handbook/zh/concepts/visual-map#%E8%BF%9E%E7%BB%AD%E5%9E%8B%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84">连续型视觉映射</a></li><li class="toc3"><a href="/handbook/zh/concepts/visual-map#%E5%88%86%E6%AE%B5%E5%9E%8B%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84">分段型视觉映射</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="post-contributors"><h3><span class="inline-block align-middle">本文贡献者</span> <a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/apache/echarts-handbook/tree/master/contents/zh/concepts/visual-map.md" title="编辑本文" class="inline-block align-middle text-sm"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-8 w-8 inline-block align-middle"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M11 5H6a2 2 0 00-2 2v11a2 2 0 002 2h11a2 2 0 002-2v-5m-1.414-9.414a2 2 0 112.828 2.828L11.828 15H9v-2.828l8.586-8.586z"></path></svg> <span class="inline-block align-middle">在 GitHub 上编辑本页</span></a></h3> <div class="post-contributors-list"><a href="https://github.com/Ovilia" target="_blank" class="post-contributor"><img alt="Ovilia" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/Ovilia?size=60"> <span>Ovilia</span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/highlight.js@9.12.0/styles/github-gist.min.css"></div></div></div></div><script defer src="/handbook/_nuxt/static/1627882506/zh/concepts/visual-map/state.js"></script><script src="/handbook/_nuxt/b6d3b58.js" defer></script><script src="/handbook/_nuxt/js/11b97ca97d591d9fd371.js" defer></script><script src="/handbook/_nuxt/js/5e2cbf163a319fa7cf5b.js" defer></script><script src="/handbook/_nuxt/js/f5e7518d240a121a2e4a.js" defer></script><script src="/handbook/_nuxt/js/4c789e610fc01b03106d.js" defer></script><script src="/handbook/_nuxt/js/25eb9ce4c1818917d228.js" defer></script> | |
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