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<ul class="nav bd-sidenav level3" style="display:none"></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><div class="nav-link"><span class="title">最佳实践</span></div> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level1"><!----><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/best-practices/canvas-vs-svg" aria-current="page" class="nav-link nuxt-link-exact-active nuxt-link-active"><span class="title">Canvas vs. SVG</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level2" style="display:none"></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/best-practices/aria" class="nav-link"><span class="title">无障碍访问</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level2" style="display:none"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><div class="nav-link"><span class="title">编辑本文档</span></div> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level1"><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/meta/edit-guide" class="nav-link"><span class="title">文档编辑指南</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level2" style="display:none"></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div> <div class="open-sidebar"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-6 w-6"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5l7 7-7 7"></path></svg></div></div> <div class="bd-content col-sm-7 pl-sm-2 col-12"><div class="post-content content"><div><div class="post-inner"><!----> <div class="nuxt-content"><article><h1 id="%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8-canvas-%E6%88%96%E8%80%85-svg-%E6%B8%B2%E6%9F%93" tabindex="-1">使用 Canvas 或者 SVG 渲染</h1> <p>浏览器端图表库大多会选择 SVG 或者 Canvas 进行渲染。对于绘制图表来说，这两种技术往往是可替换的，效果相近。但是在一些场景中，他们的表现和能力又有一定差异。于是，对它们的选择取舍，就成为了一个一直存在的不易有标准答案的话题。</p> <p>ECharts 从初始一直使用 Canvas 绘制图表。而 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/zh/changelog.html#v4-0-0">ECharts v4.0</a> 发布了 SVG 渲染器，从而提供了一种新的选择。在初始化图表实例时，只需设置 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/api.html#echarts.init">renderer 参数</a> 为 <code>'canvas'</code> 或 <code>'svg'</code> 即可指定渲染器，比较方便。</p> <blockquote><p>SVG 和 Canvas 这两种使用方式差异很大的技术，能够做到同时被透明支持，主要归功于 ECharts 底层库 <a href="https://github.com/ecomfe/zrender">ZRender</a> 的抽象和实现，形成可互换的 SVG 渲染器和 Canvas 渲染器。</p></blockquote> <h2 id="%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E5%93%AA%E7%A7%8D%E6%B8%B2%E6%9F%93%E5%99%A8" tabindex="-1">选择哪种渲染器</h2> <p>一般来说，Canvas 更适合绘制图形元素数量较多（这一般是由数据量大导致）的图表（如热力图、地理坐标系或平行坐标系上的大规模线图或散点图等），也利于实现某些视觉 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/examples/editor.html?c=lines-bmap-effect">特效</a>。但是，在不少场景中，SVG 具有重要的优势：它的内存占用更低（这对移动端尤其重要）、并且用户使用浏览器内置的缩放功能时不会模糊。</p> <p>选择哪种渲染器，我们可以根据软硬件环境、数据量、功能需求综合考虑。</p> <ul><li>在软硬件环境较好，数据量不大的场景下，两种渲染器都可以适用，并不需要太多纠结。</li> <li>在环境较差，出现性能问题需要优化的场景下，可以通过试验来确定使用哪种渲染器。比如有这些经验： |
| <span class="token keyword">var</span> chart <span class="token operator">=</span> echarts<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>containerDom<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">renderer</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'svg'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre></div> <!----> <div class="clipboard" data-v-479657ca><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-6 w-6" data-v-479657ca><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-6 w-6" data-v-479657ca><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M8 5H6a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2v-1M8 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M8 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m0 0h2a2 2 0 012 2v3m2 4H10m0 0l3-3m-3 3l3 3" data-v-479657ca></path></svg></svg></div></div></article></div></div> <div class="post-contributors"><h3><span class="inline-block align-middle">本文贡献者</span> <a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/apache/echarts-handbook/tree/master/contents/zh/best-practices/canvas-vs-svg.md" title="编辑本文" class="inline-block align-middle text-sm"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-8 w-8 inline-block align-middle"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M11 5H6a2 2 0 00-2 2v11a2 2 0 002 2h11a2 2 0 002-2v-5m-1.414-9.414a2 2 0 112.828 2.828L11.828 15H9v-2.828l8.586-8.586z"></path></svg> <span class="inline-block align-middle">在 GitHub 上编辑本页</span></a></h3> <div class="post-contributors-list"><a href="https://github.com/plainheart" target="_blank" class="post-contributor"><img alt="plainheart" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/plainheart?size=60" loading="lazy"> <span>plainheart</span></a><a href="https://github.com/pissang" target="_blank" class="post-contributor"><img alt="pissang" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/pissang?size=60" loading="lazy"> <span>pissang</span></a><a href="https://github.com/Chengxi9" target="_blank" class="post-contributor"><img alt="Chengxi9" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/Chengxi9?size=60" loading="lazy"> <span>Chengxi9</span></a><a href="https://github.com/btea" target="_blank" class="post-contributor"><img alt="btea" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/btea?size=60" loading="lazy"> <span>btea</span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//fastly.jsdelivr.net/npm/highlight.js@9.12.0/styles/github-gist.min.css"></div></div></div></div><script>window.__NUXT__=function(t,i,e,r,a,l,d,n,h,c,s,o,p,m,g,b,v,f,u,C,E,S,B,y,G,I,V,k,w,Z,A,D,L,P,R,W,X,J,Y,j,x,z,N,F,H,M,T,O,K,_,U,q,Q,$,tt,it,et,rt){return{layout:"default",data:[{html:'<h1 id="%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8-canvas-%E6%88%96%E8%80%85-svg-%E6%B8%B2%E6%9F%93" tabindex="-1">使用 Canvas 或者 SVG 渲染</h1>\n<p>浏览器端图表库大多会选择 SVG 或者 Canvas 进行渲染。对于绘制图表来说，这两种技术往往是可替换的，效果相近。但是在一些场景中，他们的表现和能力又有一定差异。于是，对它们的选择取舍，就成为了一个一直存在的不易有标准答案的话题。</p>\n<p>ECharts 从初始一直使用 Canvas 绘制图表。而 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/zh/changelog.html#v4-0-0">ECharts v4.0</a> 发布了 SVG 渲染器，从而提供了一种新的选择。在初始化图表实例时，只需设置 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/api.html#echarts.init">renderer 参数</a> 为 <code>\'canvas\'</code> 或 <code>\'svg\'</code> 即可指定渲染器，比较方便。</p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>SVG 和 Canvas 这两种使用方式差异很大的技术，能够做到同时被透明支持，主要归功于 ECharts 底层库 <a href="https://github.com/ecomfe/zrender">ZRender</a> 的抽象和实现，形成可互换的 SVG 渲染器和 Canvas 渲染器。</p>\n</blockquote>\n<h2 id="%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E5%93%AA%E7%A7%8D%E6%B8%B2%E6%9F%93%E5%99%A8" tabindex="-1">选择哪种渲染器</h2>\n<p>一般来说，Canvas 更适合绘制图形元素数量较多（这一般是由数据量大导致）的图表（如热力图、地理坐标系或平行坐标系上的大规模线图或散点图等），也利于实现某些视觉 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/examples/editor.html?c=lines-bmap-effect">特效</a>。但是，在不少场景中，SVG 具有重要的优势：它的内存占用更低（这对移动端尤其重要）、并且用户使用浏览器内置的缩放功能时不会模糊。</p>\n<p>选择哪种渲染器，我们可以根据软硬件环境、数据量、功能需求综合考虑。</p>\n<ul>\n<li>在软硬件环境较好，数据量不大的场景下，两种渲染器都可以适用，并不需要太多纠结。</li>\n<li>在环境较差，出现性能问题需要优化的场景下，可以通过试验来确定使用哪种渲染器。比如有这些经验：\n<ul>\n<li>在需要创建很多 ECharts 实例且浏览器易崩溃的情况下（可能是因为 Canvas 数量多导致内存占用超出手机承受能力），可以使用 SVG 渲染器来进行改善。大略的说，如果图表运行在低端安卓机，或者我们在使用一些特定图表如 <a href="https://ecomfe.github.io/echarts-liquidfill/example/">水球图</a> 等，SVG 渲染器可能效果更好。</li>\n<li>数据量较大（经验判断 > 1k）、较多交互时，建议选择 Canvas 渲染器。</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>我们强烈欢迎开发者们<a href="https://github.com/apache/echarts/issues/new/choose">反馈</a>给我们使用的体验和场景，帮助我们更好的做优化。</p>\n<p>注：当前某些特殊的渲染依然需要依赖 Canvas：如<a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#series-lines.effect">炫光尾迹特效</a>、<a href="https://echarts.apache.org/examples/editor.html?c=heatmap-bmap">带有混合效果的热力图</a>等。</p>\n<p>我们在 <a href="zh/basics/release-note/5-3-0/#%E5%85%A8%E6%96%B0%E7%9A%84-svg-%E6%B8%B2%E6%9F%93%E5%99%A8">v5.3.0</a> 中使用虚拟 DOM 技术对 SVG 渲染器进行了重构，从而使其渲染性能提升了 2~10 倍，在某些特殊场景中甚至能有数十倍的提升！参见 <a href="https://github.com/ecomfe/zrender/pull/836">#836</a>。</p>\n<h2 id="%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%B8%B2%E6%9F%93%E5%99%A8" tabindex="-1">如何使用渲染器</h2>\n<p>如果是用如下的方式完整引入<code>echarts</code>，代码中已经包含了 SVG 渲染器和 Canvas 渲染器</p>\n<md-code-block lang="js" code="\'aW1wb3J0ICogYXMgZWNoYXJ0cyBmcm9tICdlY2hhcnRzJzs\'" line-highlights="\'\'" />\n<p>如果你是按照 <a href="zh/basics/import">在项目中引入 Apache ECharts</a> 一文中的介绍使用按需引入，则需要手动引入需要的渲染器</p>\n<md-code-block lang="js" code="\'aW1wb3J0ICogYXMgZWNoYXJ0cyBmcm9tICdlY2hhcnRzL2NvcmUnOwovLyDlj6_ku6XmoLnmja7pnIDopoHpgInnlKjlj6rnlKjliLDnmoTmuLLmn5PlmagKaW1wb3J0IHsgU1ZHUmVuZGVyZXIsIENhbnZhc1JlbmRlcmVyIH0gZnJvbSAnZWNoYXJ0cy9yZW5kZXJlcnMnOwoKZWNoYXJ0cy51c2UoW1NWR1JlbmRlcmVyLCBDYW52YXNSZW5kZXJlcl0pOw\'" line-highlights="\'\'" />\n<p>然后，我们就可以在代码中，初始化图表实例时，<a href="https://echarts.apache.org/api.html#echarts.init">传入参数</a> 选择渲染器类型：</p>\n<md-code-block lang="js" code="\'Ly8g5L2_55SoIENhbnZhcyDmuLLmn5PlmajvvIjpu5jorqTvvIkKdmFyIGNoYXJ0ID0gZWNoYXJ0cy5pbml0KGNvbnRhaW5lckRvbSwgbnVsbCwgeyByZW5kZXJlcjogJ2NhbnZhcycgfSk7Ci8vIOetieS7t-S6ju-8mgp2YXIgY2hhcnQgPSBlY2hhcnRzLmluaXQoY29udGFpbmVyRG9tKTsKCi8vIOS9v-eUqCBTVkcg5riy5p-T5ZmoCnZhciBjaGFydCA9IGVjaGFydHMuaW5pdChjb250YWluZXJEb20sIG51bGwsIHsgcmVuZGVyZXI6ICdzdmcnIH0pOw\'" line-highlights="\'\'" />\n',postPath:"zh/best-practices/canvas-vs-svg",title:"Canvas vs. SVG - 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