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class="title">5.2</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level3" style="display:none"></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/basics/release-note/5-3-0" class="nav-link"><span class="title">5.3</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level3" style="display:none"></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/basics/release-note/5-4-0" class="nav-link"><span class="title">5.4</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level3" style="display:none"></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/basics/release-note/5-5-0" class="nav-link"><span class="title">5.5</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level3" style="display:none"></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/basics/release-note/5-6-0" class="nav-link"><span class="title">5.6</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level3" style="display:none"></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><div class="nav-link"><span class="title">概念篇</span></div> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level1"><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/concepts/chart-size" class="nav-link"><span class="title">图表容器及大小</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level2" style="display:none"></ul></li><!----><!----><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/concepts/style" class="nav-link"><span class="title">样式</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level2" style="display:none"></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/concepts/dataset" class="nav-link"><span class="title">数据集</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level2" style="display:none"></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/concepts/data-transform" class="nav-link"><span class="title">数据转换</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level2" style="display:none"></ul></li><!----><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/concepts/axis" class="nav-link"><span class="title">坐标轴</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level2" style="display:none"></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/concepts/visual-map" aria-current="page" class="nav-link nuxt-link-exact-active nuxt-link-active"><span class="title">视觉映射</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level2" style="display:none"></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/concepts/legend" class="nav-link"><span class="title">图例</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level2" style="display:none"></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/concepts/event" class="nav-link"><span class="title">事件与行为</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level2" style="display:none"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><div class="nav-link"><span class="title">应用篇</span></div> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level1"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link"><span class="title">常用图表类型</span> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-down"></span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level2" style="display:none"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link"><span class="title">柱状图</span> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-down"></span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level3" style="display:none"><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/how-to/chart-types/bar/basic-bar" class="nav-link"><span class="title">基础柱状图</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level4" style="display:none"></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/how-to/chart-types/bar/stacked-bar" class="nav-link"><span class="title">堆叠柱状图</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level4" style="display:none"></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/how-to/chart-types/bar/bar-race" class="nav-link"><span class="title">动态排序柱状图</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level4" style="display:none"></ul></li><!----><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/how-to/chart-types/bar/waterfall" class="nav-link"><span class="title">阶梯瀑布图</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level4" style="display:none"></ul></li><!----></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link"><span class="title">折线图</span> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-down"></span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level3" style="display:none"><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/how-to/chart-types/line/basic-line" class="nav-link"><span class="title">基础折线图</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level4" style="display:none"></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/how-to/chart-types/line/stacked-line" class="nav-link"><span class="title">堆叠折线图</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level4" style="display:none"></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/how-to/chart-types/line/area-line" class="nav-link"><span class="title">区域面积图</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level4" style="display:none"></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/how-to/chart-types/line/smooth-line" class="nav-link"><span class="title">平滑曲线图</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level4" style="display:none"></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/how-to/chart-types/line/step-line" class="nav-link"><span class="title">阶梯线图</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level4" style="display:none"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link"><span class="title">饼图</span> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-down"></span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level3" style="display:none"><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/how-to/chart-types/pie/basic-pie" class="nav-link"><span class="title">基础饼图</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level4" style="display:none"></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/how-to/chart-types/pie/doughnut" class="nav-link"><span class="title">圆环图</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level4" style="display:none"></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/how-to/chart-types/pie/rose" class="nav-link"><span class="title">南丁格尔图（玫瑰图）</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level4" style="display:none"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link"><span class="title">散点图</span> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-down"></span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level3" style="display:none"><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/how-to/chart-types/scatter/basic-scatter" class="nav-link"><span class="title">基础散点图</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level4" style="display:none"></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link"><span class="title">常用组件</span> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-down"></span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level2" style="display:none"><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link"><span class="title">地理坐标系（Geo）</span> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-down"></span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level3" style="display:none"><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/how-to/component-types/geo/svg-base-map" class="nav-link"><span class="title">SVG 底图</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level4" style="display:none"></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><!----><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link"><span class="title">跨平台方案</span> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-down"></span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level2" style="display:none"><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/how-to/cross-platform/server" class="nav-link"><span class="title">服务端渲染</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level3" style="display:none"></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/how-to/cross-platform/wechat-app" class="nav-link"><span class="title">微信小程序</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level3" style="display:none"></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/how-to/cross-platform/baidu-app" class="nav-link"><span class="title">百度智能小程序</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level3" style="display:none"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link"><span class="title">数据处理</span> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-down"></span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level2" style="display:none"><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/how-to/data/dynamic-data" class="nav-link"><span class="title">动态的异步数据</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level3" style="display:none"></ul></li><!----></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link"><span class="title">标签</span> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-down"></span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level2" style="display:none"><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/how-to/label/rich-text" class="nav-link"><span class="title">富文本标签</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level3" style="display:none"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link"><span class="title">动画</span> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-down"></span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level2" style="display:none"><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/how-to/animation/transition" class="nav-link"><span class="title">数据过渡动画</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level3" style="display:none"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link"><span class="title">交互</span> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-down"></span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level2" style="display:none"><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/how-to/interaction/drag" class="nav-link"><span class="title">拖拽的实现</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level3" style="display:none"></ul></li><!----><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/how-to/interaction/coarse-pointer" class="nav-link"><span class="title">智能指针吸附</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level3" style="display:none"></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><div class="nav-link"><span class="title">最佳实践</span></div> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level1"><!----><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/best-practices/canvas-vs-svg" class="nav-link"><span class="title">Canvas vs. SVG</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level2" style="display:none"></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/best-practices/aria" class="nav-link"><span class="title">无障碍访问</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level2" style="display:none"></ul></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"><div class="nav-link"><span class="title">编辑本文档</span></div> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level1"><li class="nav-item"><a href="/handbook/zh/meta/edit-guide" class="nav-link"><span class="title">文档编辑指南</span></a> <ul class="nav bd-sidenav level2" style="display:none"></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div> <div class="open-sidebar"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-6 w-6"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M9 5l7 7-7 7"></path></svg></div></div> <div class="bd-content col-sm-7 pl-sm-2 col-12"><div class="post-content content"><div><div class="post-inner"><!----> <div class="nuxt-content"><article><h1 id="%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84" tabindex="-1">数据的视觉映射</h1> <p>数据可视化是数据到视觉元素的映射过程（这个过程也可称为视觉编码，视觉元素也可称为视觉通道）。</p> <p>ECharts 的每种图表本身就内置了这种映射过程，比如折线图把数据映射到“线”，柱状图把数据映射到“长度”。一些更复杂的图表，如关系图、事件河流图、树图也都会做出各自内置的映射。</p> <p>此外，ECharts 还提供了 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap">visualMap 组件</a> 来提供通用的视觉映射。<code>visualMap</code> 组件中可以使用的视觉元素有：</p> <ul><li>图形类别（symbol）、图形大小（symbolSize）</li> <li>颜色（color）、透明度（opacity）、颜色透明度（colorAlpha）、</li> <li>颜色明暗度（colorLightness）、颜色饱和度（colorSaturation）、色调（colorHue）</li></ul> <p>下面对 <code>visualMap</code> 组件的使用方式进行简要的介绍。</p> <h2 id="%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%92%8C%E7%BB%B4%E5%BA%A6" tabindex="-1">数据和维度</h2> <p>ECharts 中的数据，一般存放于 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#series.data"><code>series.data</code></a> 中。根据图表类型不同，数据的具体形式也可能有些许差异。比如可能是“线性表“、“树“、“图“等。但他们都有个共性：都是“数据项（dataItem）“的集合。每个数据项含有“数据值（value）“和其他信息（如果需要的话）。每个数据值，可以是单一的数值（一维）或者一个数组（多维）。</p> <p>例如，<a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#series.data">series.data</a> 最常见的形式，是“线性表“，即一个普通数组：</p> <div class="md-code-block"><div class="nuxt-content-highlight"><pre class="language-js line-numbers"><code><span class="token literal-property property">series</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
| <span class="token literal-property property">data</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
| <span class="token comment">// 这里每一个项就是数据项（dataItem）</span> |
| <span class="token literal-property property">value</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">2323</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 这是数据项的数据值（value）</span> |
| <span class="token literal-property property">itemStyle</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token number">1212</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 也可以直接是 dataItem 的 value，这更常见。</span> |
| <span class="token number">2323</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 每个 value 都是“一维“的。</span> |
| <span class="token number">4343</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token number">3434</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre></div> <!----> <div class="clipboard" data-v-479657ca><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-6 w-6" data-v-479657ca><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-6 w-6" data-v-479657ca><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M8 5H6a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2v-1M8 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M8 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m0 0h2a2 2 0 012 2v3m2 4H10m0 0l3-3m-3 3l3 3" data-v-479657ca></path></svg></svg></div></div> <div class="md-code-block"><div class="nuxt-content-highlight"><pre class="language-js line-numbers"><code><span class="token literal-property property">series</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
| <span class="token literal-property property">data</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
| <span class="token comment">// 这里每一个项就是数据项（dataItem）</span> |
| <span class="token literal-property property">value</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">3434</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">129</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'圣马力诺'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 这是数据项的数据值（value）</span> |
| <span class="token literal-property property">itemStyle</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1212</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5454</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'梵蒂冈'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 也可以直接是 dataItem 的 value，这更常见。</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">2323</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3223</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'瑙鲁'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 每个 value 都是“三维“的，每列是一个维度。</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">4343</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">23</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'图瓦卢'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token comment">// 假如是“气泡图“，常见第一维度映射到x轴，</span> |
| <span class="token comment">// 第二维度映射到y轴，</span> |
| <span class="token comment">// 第三维度映射到气泡半径（symbolSize）</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">}</span></code></pre></div> <!----> <div class="clipboard" data-v-479657ca><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-6 w-6" data-v-479657ca><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-6 w-6" data-v-479657ca><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M8 5H6a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2v-1M8 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M8 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m0 0h2a2 2 0 012 2v3m2 4H10m0 0l3-3m-3 3l3 3" data-v-479657ca></path></svg></svg></div></div> <p>在图表中，往往默认把 value 的前一两个维度进行映射，比如取第一个维度映射到 x 轴，取第二个维度映射到 y 轴。如果想要把更多的维度展现出来，可以借助 <code>visualMap</code>。最常见的情况，<a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#series-scatter">散点图（scatter）</a> 使用半径展现了第三个维度。</p> <h2 id="visualmap-%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6" tabindex="-1">visualMap 组件</h2> <p>visualMap 组件定义了把数据的<em>哪个维度</em>映射到<em>什么视觉元素上</em>。</p> <p>现在提供如下两种类型的 visualMap 组件，通过 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap.type">visualMap.type</a> 来区分。</p> <p>其定义结构例如：</p> <div class="md-code-block"><div class="nuxt-content-highlight"><pre class="language-js line-numbers"><code>option <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
| <span class="token literal-property property">visualMap</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> |
| <span class="token comment">// 可以同时定义多个 visualMap 组件。</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
| <span class="token comment">// 第一个 visualMap 组件</span> |
| <span class="token literal-property property">type</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'continuous'</span> <span class="token comment">// 定义为连续型 visualMap</span> |
| <span class="token comment">// ...</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
| <span class="token comment">// 第二个 visualMap 组件</span> |
| <span class="token literal-property property">type</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'piecewise'</span> <span class="token comment">// 定义为分段型 visualMap</span> |
| <span class="token comment">// ...</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">}</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">]</span> |
| <span class="token comment">// ...</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre></div> <!----> <div class="clipboard" data-v-479657ca><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-6 w-6" data-v-479657ca><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-6 w-6" data-v-479657ca><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M8 5H6a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2v-1M8 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M8 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m0 0h2a2 2 0 012 2v3m2 4H10m0 0l3-3m-3 3l3 3" data-v-479657ca></path></svg></svg></div></div> <h2 id="%E8%BF%9E%E7%BB%AD%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%88%86%E6%AE%B5%E5%9E%8B%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6" tabindex="-1">连续型与分段型视觉映射组件</h2> <p>ECharts 的视觉映射组件分为连续型（<a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap-continuous">visualMapContinuous</a>）与分段型（<a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap-piecewise">visualMapPiecewise</a>）。</p> <p>连续型的意思是，进行视觉映射的数据维度是连续的数值；而分段型则是数据被分成了多段或者是离散型的数据。</p> <h3 id="%E8%BF%9E%E7%BB%AD%E5%9E%8B%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84" tabindex="-1">连续型视觉映射</h3> <p>连续型视觉映射通过指定最大值、最小值，就可以确定视觉映射的范围。</p> <div class="md-code-block"><div class="nuxt-content-highlight"><pre class="language-js line-numbers"><code>option <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
| <span class="token literal-property property">visualMap</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
| <span class="token literal-property property">type</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'continuous'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token literal-property property">min</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token literal-property property">max</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">5000</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token literal-property property">dimension</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// series.data 的第四个维度（即 value[3]）被映射</span> |
| <span class="token literal-property property">seriesIndex</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 对第四个系列进行映射。</span> |
| <span class="token literal-property property">inRange</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
| <span class="token comment">// 选中范围中的视觉配置</span> |
| <span class="token literal-property property">color</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'blue'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'#121122'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'red'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token comment">// 定义了图形颜色映射的颜色列表，</span> |
| <span class="token comment">// 数据最小值映射到'blue'上，</span> |
| <span class="token comment">// 最大值映射到'red'上，</span> |
| <span class="token comment">// 其余自动线性计算。</span> |
| <span class="token literal-property property">symbolSize</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token comment">// 定义了图形尺寸的映射范围，</span> |
| <span class="token comment">// 数据最小值映射到30上，</span> |
| <span class="token comment">// 最大值映射到100上，</span> |
| <span class="token comment">// 其余自动线性计算。</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> |
| <span class="token literal-property property">outOfRange</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> |
| <span class="token comment">// 选中范围外的视觉配置</span> |
| <span class="token literal-property property">symbolSize</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">30</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">}</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">}</span> |
| <span class="token comment">// ...</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">]</span> |
| <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span></code></pre></div> <!----> <div class="clipboard" data-v-479657ca><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-6 w-6" data-v-479657ca><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-6 w-6" data-v-479657ca><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M8 5H6a2 2 0 00-2 2v12a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2v-1M8 5a2 2 0 002 2h2a2 2 0 002-2M8 5a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2m0 0h2a2 2 0 012 2v3m2 4H10m0 0l3-3m-3 3l3 3" data-v-479657ca></path></svg></svg></div></div> <p>其中，<a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap.inRange">visualMap.inRange</a> 表示在数据映射范围内的数据采用的样式；而 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap.outOfRange">visualMap.outOfRange</a> 则指定了超出映射范围外的数据的样式。</p> <p><a href="~visualMap.dimension">visualMap.dimension</a> 则指定了将数据的哪个维度做视觉映射。</p> <h3 id="%E5%88%86%E6%AE%B5%E5%9E%8B%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84" tabindex="-1">分段型视觉映射</h3> <p>分段型视觉映射组件有三种模式：</p> <ul><li>连续型数据平均分段：依据 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap-piecewise.splitNumber">visualMap-piecewise.splitNumber</a> 来自动平均分割成若干块。</li> <li>连续型数据自定义分段：依据 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap-piecewise.pieces">visualMap-piecewise.pieces</a> 来定义每块范围。</li> <li>离散数据（类别性数据）：类别定义在 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap-piecewise.categories">visualMap-piecewise.categories</a> 中。</li></ul> <p>使用分段型视觉映射时，需要将 <code>type</code> 设为 <code>'piecewise'</code>，并且将上面的三个配置项选其一配置即可，其他配置项类似连续型视觉映射。</p></article></div></div> <div class="post-contributors"><h3><span class="inline-block align-middle">本文贡献者</span> <a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/apache/echarts-handbook/tree/master/contents/zh/concepts/visual-map.md" title="编辑本文" class="inline-block align-middle text-sm"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor" class="h-8 w-8 inline-block align-middle"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M11 5H6a2 2 0 00-2 2v11a2 2 0 002 2h11a2 2 0 002-2v-5m-1.414-9.414a2 2 0 112.828 2.828L11.828 15H9v-2.828l8.586-8.586z"></path></svg> <span class="inline-block align-middle">在 GitHub 上编辑本页</span></a></h3> <div class="post-contributors-list"><a href="https://github.com/Ovilia" target="_blank" class="post-contributor"><span>Ovilia</span></a><a href="https://github.com/plainheart" target="_blank" class="post-contributor"><span>plainheart</span></a><a href="https://github.com/pissang" target="_blank" class="post-contributor"><span>pissang</span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>window.__NUXT__=function(i,t,e,a,r,l,d,o,n,s,g,h,p,c,I,C,A,u,m,v,b,E,O,W,B,M,y,L,w,f,D,Y,S,k,K,j,z,x,T,X,Z,V,R,G,H,P,q,N,F,J,Q,_,U,$,ii,ti,ei,ai,ri,li,di,oi){return{layout:"default",data:[{html:'<h1 id="%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84" tabindex="-1">数据的视觉映射</h1>\n<p>数据可视化是数据到视觉元素的映射过程（这个过程也可称为视觉编码，视觉元素也可称为视觉通道）。</p>\n<p>ECharts 的每种图表本身就内置了这种映射过程，比如折线图把数据映射到“线”，柱状图把数据映射到“长度”。一些更复杂的图表，如关系图、事件河流图、树图也都会做出各自内置的映射。</p>\n<p>此外，ECharts 还提供了 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap">visualMap 组件</a> 来提供通用的视觉映射。<code>visualMap</code> 组件中可以使用的视觉元素有：</p>\n<ul>\n<li>图形类别（symbol）、图形大小（symbolSize）</li>\n<li>颜色（color）、透明度（opacity）、颜色透明度（colorAlpha）、</li>\n<li>颜色明暗度（colorLightness）、颜色饱和度（colorSaturation）、色调（colorHue）</li>\n</ul>\n<p>下面对 <code>visualMap</code> 组件的使用方式进行简要的介绍。</p>\n<h2 id="%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%92%8C%E7%BB%B4%E5%BA%A6" tabindex="-1">数据和维度</h2>\n<p>ECharts 中的数据，一般存放于 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#series.data"><code>series.data</code></a> 中。根据图表类型不同，数据的具体形式也可能有些许差异。比如可能是“线性表“、“树“、“图“等。但他们都有个共性：都是“数据项（dataItem）“的集合。每个数据项含有“数据值（value）“和其他信息（如果需要的话）。每个数据值，可以是单一的数值（一维）或者一个数组（多维）。</p>\n<p>例如，<a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#series.data">series.data</a> 最常见的形式，是“线性表“，即一个普通数组：</p>\n<md-code-block lang="js" code="\'c2VyaWVzOiB7CiAgZGF0YTogWwogICAgewogICAgICAvLyDov5nph4zmr4_kuIDkuKrpobnlsLHmmK_mlbDmja7pobnvvIhkYXRhSXRlbe-8iQogICAgICB2YWx1ZTogMjMyMywgLy8g6L-Z5piv5pWw5o2u6aG555qE5pWw5o2u5YC877yIdmFsdWXvvIkKICAgICAgaXRlbVN0eWxlOiB7fQogICAgfSwKICAgIDEyMTIsIC8vIOS5n-WPr-S7peebtOaOpeaYryBkYXRhSXRlbSDnmoQgdmFsdWXvvIzov5nmm7TluLjop4HjgIIKICAgIDIzMjMsIC8vIOavj-S4qiB2YWx1ZSDpg73mmK_igJzkuIDnu7TigJznmoTjgIIKICAgIDQzNDMsCiAgICAzNDM0CiAgXTsKfQ\'" line-highlights="\'\'" />\n<md-code-block lang="js" code="\'c2VyaWVzOiB7CiAgZGF0YTogWwogICAgewogICAgICAvLyDov5nph4zmr4_kuIDkuKrpobnlsLHmmK_mlbDmja7pobnvvIhkYXRhSXRlbe-8iQogICAgICB2YWx1ZTogWzM0MzQsIDEyOSwgJ-Wco-mprOWKm-ivuiddLCAvLyDov5nmmK_mlbDmja7pobnnmoTmlbDmja7lgLzvvIh2YWx1Ze-8iQogICAgICBpdGVtU3R5bGU6IHt9CiAgICB9LAogICAgWzEyMTIsIDU0NTQsICfmorXokoLlhognXSwgLy8g5Lmf5Y-v5Lul55u05o6l5pivIGRhdGFJdGVtIOeahCB2YWx1Ze-8jOi_meabtOW4uOingeOAggogICAgWzIzMjMsIDMyMjMsICfnkZnpsoEnXSwgLy8g5q-P5LiqIHZhbHVlIOmDveaYr-KAnOS4iee7tOKAnOeahO-8jOavj-WIl-aYr-S4gOS4que7tOW6puOAggogICAgWzQzNDMsIDIzLCAn5Zu-55Om5Y2iJ10gLy8g5YGH5aaC5piv4oCc5rCU5rOh5Zu-4oCc77yM5bi46KeB56ys5LiA57u05bqm5pig5bCE5YiweOi9tO-8jAogICAgLy8g56ys5LqM57u05bqm5pig5bCE5Yiweei9tO-8jAogICAgLy8g56ys5LiJ57u05bqm5pig5bCE5Yiw5rCU5rOh5Y2K5b6E77yIc3ltYm9sU2l6Ze-8iQogIF07Cn0\'" line-highlights="\'\'" />\n<p>在图表中，往往默认把 value 的前一两个维度进行映射，比如取第一个维度映射到 x 轴，取第二个维度映射到 y 轴。如果想要把更多的维度展现出来，可以借助 <code>visualMap</code>。最常见的情况，<a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#series-scatter">散点图（scatter）</a> 使用半径展现了第三个维度。</p>\n<h2 id="visualmap-%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6" tabindex="-1">visualMap 组件</h2>\n<p>visualMap 组件定义了把数据的<em>哪个维度</em>映射到<em>什么视觉元素上</em>。</p>\n<p>现在提供如下两种类型的 visualMap 组件，通过 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap.type">visualMap.type</a> 来区分。</p>\n<p>其定义结构例如：</p>\n<md-code-block lang="js" code="\'b3B0aW9uID0gewogIHZpc3VhbE1hcDogWwogICAgLy8g5Y-v5Lul5ZCM5pe25a6a5LmJ5aSa5LiqIHZpc3VhbE1hcCDnu4Tku7bjgIIKICAgIHsKICAgICAgLy8g56ys5LiA5LiqIHZpc3VhbE1hcCDnu4Tku7YKICAgICAgdHlwZTogJ2NvbnRpbnVvdXMnIC8vIOWumuS5ieS4uui_nue7reWeiyB2aXN1YWxNYXAKICAgICAgLy8gLi4uCiAgICB9LAogICAgewogICAgICAvLyDnrKzkuozkuKogdmlzdWFsTWFwIOe7hOS7tgogICAgICB0eXBlOiAncGllY2V3aXNlJyAvLyDlrprkuYnkuLrliIbmrrXlnosgdmlzdWFsTWFwCiAgICAgIC8vIC4uLgogICAgfQogIF0KICAvLyAuLi4KfTs\'" line-highlights="\'\'" />\n<h2 id="%E8%BF%9E%E7%BB%AD%E5%9E%8B%E4%B8%8E%E5%88%86%E6%AE%B5%E5%9E%8B%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%B6" tabindex="-1">连续型与分段型视觉映射组件</h2>\n<p>ECharts 的视觉映射组件分为连续型（<a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap-continuous">visualMapContinuous</a>）与分段型（<a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap-piecewise">visualMapPiecewise</a>）。</p>\n<p>连续型的意思是，进行视觉映射的数据维度是连续的数值；而分段型则是数据被分成了多段或者是离散型的数据。</p>\n<h3 id="%E8%BF%9E%E7%BB%AD%E5%9E%8B%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84" tabindex="-1">连续型视觉映射</h3>\n<p>连续型视觉映射通过指定最大值、最小值，就可以确定视觉映射的范围。</p>\n<md-code-block lang="js" code="\'b3B0aW9uID0gewogIHZpc3VhbE1hcDogWwogICAgewogICAgICB0eXBlOiAnY29udGludW91cycsCiAgICAgIG1pbjogMCwKICAgICAgbWF4OiA1MDAwLAogICAgICBkaW1lbnNpb246IDMsIC8vIHNlcmllcy5kYXRhIOeahOesrOWbm-S4que7tOW6pu-8iOWNsyB2YWx1ZVszXe-8ieiiq-aYoOWwhAogICAgICBzZXJpZXNJbmRleDogNCwgLy8g5a-556ys5Zub5Liq57O75YiX6L-b6KGM5pig5bCE44CCCiAgICAgIGluUmFuZ2U6IHsKICAgICAgICAvLyDpgInkuK3ojIPlm7TkuK3nmoTop4bop4nphY3nva4KICAgICAgICBjb2xvcjogWydibHVlJywgJyMxMjExMjInLCAncmVkJ10sIC8vIOWumuS5ieS6huWbvuW9ouminOiJsuaYoOWwhOeahOminOiJsuWIl-ihqO-8jAogICAgICAgIC8vIOaVsOaNruacgOWwj-WAvOaYoOWwhOWIsCdibHVlJ-S4iu-8jAogICAgICAgIC8vIOacgOWkp-WAvOaYoOWwhOWIsCdyZWQn5LiK77yMCiAgICAgICAgLy8g5YW25L2Z6Ieq5Yqo57q_5oCn6K6h566X44CCCiAgICAgICAgc3ltYm9sU2l6ZTogWzMwLCAxMDBdIC8vIOWumuS5ieS6huWbvuW9ouWwuuWvuOeahOaYoOWwhOiMg-WbtO-8jAogICAgICAgIC8vIOaVsOaNruacgOWwj-WAvOaYoOWwhOWIsDMw5LiK77yMCiAgICAgICAgLy8g5pyA5aSn5YC85pig5bCE5YiwMTAw5LiK77yMCiAgICAgICAgLy8g5YW25L2Z6Ieq5Yqo57q_5oCn6K6h566X44CCCiAgICAgIH0sCiAgICAgIG91dE9mUmFuZ2U6IHsKICAgICAgICAvLyDpgInkuK3ojIPlm7TlpJbnmoTop4bop4nphY3nva4KICAgICAgICBzeW1ib2xTaXplOiBbMzAsIDEwMF0KICAgICAgfQogICAgfQogICAgLy8gICAgLi4uCiAgXQp9Ow\'" line-highlights="\'\'" />\n<p>其中，<a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap.inRange">visualMap.inRange</a> 表示在数据映射范围内的数据采用的样式；而 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap.outOfRange">visualMap.outOfRange</a> 则指定了超出映射范围外的数据的样式。</p>\n<p><a href="~visualMap.dimension">visualMap.dimension</a> 则指定了将数据的哪个维度做视觉映射。</p>\n<h3 id="%E5%88%86%E6%AE%B5%E5%9E%8B%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E6%98%A0%E5%B0%84" tabindex="-1">分段型视觉映射</h3>\n<p>分段型视觉映射组件有三种模式：</p>\n<ul>\n<li>连续型数据平均分段：依据 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap-piecewise.splitNumber">visualMap-piecewise.splitNumber</a> 来自动平均分割成若干块。</li>\n<li>连续型数据自定义分段：依据 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap-piecewise.pieces">visualMap-piecewise.pieces</a> 来定义每块范围。</li>\n<li>离散数据（类别性数据）：类别定义在 <a href="https://echarts.apache.org/option.html#visualMap-piecewise.categories">visualMap-piecewise.categories</a> 中。</li>\n</ul>\n<p>使用分段型视觉映射时，需要将 <code>type</code> 设为 <code>\'piecewise\'</code>，并且将上面的三个配置项选其一配置即可，其他配置项类似连续型视觉映射。</p>\n',postPath:"zh/concepts/visual-map",title:"视觉映射 - 概念篇"}],fetch:{},error:null,state:{filled:!1,docVersion:"",ghVersion:"",visibleAffix:!1,homepage:{},adBlocked:!1,focusMode:!1,posts:{zh:[{title:"快速上手",dir:a},{title:"入门篇",dir:r,children:[{title:"获取 ECharts",dir:l},{title:"在项目中引入 ECharts",dir:d},{title:"资源列表",dir:o,draft:i},{title:"寻求帮助",dir:n},{title:"版本特性",dir:s,children:[{title:"ECharts 6 特性介绍",dir:g},{title:"v5 升级 v6 指南",dir:h},{title:"5.0",dir:p},{title:"v4 升级 v5 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