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| <title>Directory-based Tasks</title> |
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| <body> |
| |
| <h2><a name="directorybasedtasks">Directory-based Tasks</a></h2> |
| <p>Some tasks use directory trees for the actions they perform. |
| For example, the <a href="Tasks/javac.html">javac</a> task, which |
| compiles a directory tree with <code>.java</code> files into |
| <code>.class</code> files, is one of these directory-based tasks. Because |
| some of these tasks do so much work with a directory tree, the task itself |
| can act as an implicit <a href="Types/fileset.html">FileSet</a>.</p> |
| <p>Whether the fileset is implicit or not, it can often be very useful to |
| work on a subset of the directory tree. This section describes how you can |
| select a subset of such a directory tree when using one of these |
| directory-based tasks.</p> |
| <p>Apache Ant gives you two ways to create a subset of files in a fileset, both of |
| which can be used at the same time:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>Only include files and directories that match any |
| <code>include</code> patterns and do not match any |
| <code>exclude</code> patterns in a given |
| <a href="Types/patternset.html">PatternSet</a>.</li> |
| <li>Select files based on selection criteria defined by a collection of |
| <a href="Types/selectors.html">selector</a> nested elements.</li> |
| </ul> |
| <h3><a name="patternset">Patternset</a></h3> |
| |
| <p>We said that Directory-based tasks can sometimes act as an implicit |
| <a href="Types/fileset.html"><code><fileset></code></a>, |
| but in addition to that, a FileSet acts as an implicit |
| <a href="Types/patternset.html"><code><patternset></code></a>.</p> |
| |
| <p>The inclusion and exclusion elements of the implicit PatternSet can be |
| specified inside the directory-based task (or explicit fileset) via |
| either:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>the attributes <code>includes</code> and |
| <code>excludes</code>.</li> |
| <li>nested elements <code><include></code> and |
| <code><exclude></code>.</li> |
| <li>external files specified with the attributes |
| <code>includesfile</code> and <code>excludesfile</code>.</li> |
| <li>external files specified with the nested elements |
| <code><includesfile></code> and <code><excludesfile></code>. |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| <p> |
| When dealing with an external file, each line of the file |
| is taken as a pattern that is added to the list of include or exclude |
| patterns.</p> |
| |
| <p>When both inclusion and exclusion are used, only files/directories that |
| match at least one of the include patterns and don't match any of the |
| exclude patterns are used. If no include pattern is given, all files |
| are assumed to match the include pattern (with the possible exception of |
| the default excludes).</p> |
| |
| <h4><a name="patterns">Patterns</a></h4> |
| |
| <p>As described earlier, patterns are used for the inclusion and exclusion |
| of files. These patterns look very much like the patterns used in DOS and |
| UNIX:</p> |
| <p>'*' matches zero or more characters, '?' matches one character.</p> |
| |
| <p>In general, patterns are considered relative paths, relative to a |
| task dependent base directory (the dir attribute in the case of |
| <code><fileset></code>). Only files found below that base |
| directory are considered. So while a pattern like |
| <code>../foo.java</code> is possible, it will not match anything when |
| applied since the base directory's parent is never scanned for |
| files.</p> |
| |
| <p><b>Examples:</b></p> |
| <p> |
| <code>*.java</code> matches <code>.java</code>, |
| <code>x.java</code> and <code>FooBar.java</code>, but |
| not <code>FooBar.xml</code> (does not end with <code>.java</code>).</p> |
| <p> |
| <code>?.java</code> matches <code>x.java</code>, |
| <code>A.java</code>, but not <code>.java</code> or <code>xyz.java</code> |
| (both don't have one character before <code>.java</code>).</p> |
| <p> |
| Combinations of <code>*</code>'s and <code>?</code>'s are allowed.</p> |
| <p>Matching is done per-directory. This means that first the first directory in |
| the pattern is matched against the first directory in the path to match. Then |
| the second directory is matched, and so on. For example, when we have the pattern |
| <code>/?abc/*/*.java</code> |
| and the path <code>/xabc/foobar/test.java</code>, |
| the first <code>?abc</code> is matched with <code>xabc</code>, |
| then <code>*</code> is matched with <code>foobar</code>, |
| and finally <code>*.java</code> is matched with <code>test.java</code>. |
| They all match, so the path matches the pattern.</p> |
| <p>To make things a bit more flexible, we add one extra feature, which makes it |
| possible to match multiple directory levels. This can be used to match a |
| complete directory tree, or a file anywhere in the directory tree. |
| To do this, <code>**</code> |
| must be used as the name of a directory. |
| When <code>**</code> is used as the name of a |
| directory in the pattern, it matches zero or more directories. |
| For example: |
| <code>/test/**</code> matches all files/directories under <code>/test/</code>, |
| such as <code>/test/x.java</code>, |
| or <code>/test/foo/bar/xyz.html</code>, but not <code>/xyz.xml</code>.</p> |
| <p>There is one "shorthand": if a pattern ends |
| with <code>/</code> |
| or <code>\</code>, then <code>**</code> |
| is appended. |
| For example, <code>mypackage/test/</code> is interpreted as if it were |
| <code>mypackage/test/**</code>.</p> |
| <p><b>Example patterns:</b></p> |
| <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> |
| <tr> |
| <td valign="top"><code>**/CVS/*</code></td> |
| <td valign="top">Matches all files in <code>CVS</code> |
| directories that can be located |
| anywhere in the directory tree.<br> |
| Matches: |
| <pre> |
| CVS/Repository |
| org/apache/CVS/Entries |
| org/apache/jakarta/tools/ant/CVS/Entries |
| </pre> |
| But not: |
| <pre> |
| org/apache/CVS/foo/bar/Entries (<code>foo/bar/</code> |
| part does not match) |
| </pre> |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td valign="top"><code>org/apache/jakarta/**</code></td> |
| <td valign="top">Matches all files in the <code>org/apache/jakarta</code> |
| directory tree.<br> |
| Matches: |
| <pre> |
| org/apache/jakarta/tools/ant/docs/index.html |
| org/apache/jakarta/test.xml |
| </pre> |
| But not: |
| <pre> |
| org/apache/xyz.java |
| </pre> |
| (<code>jakarta/</code> part is missing).</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td valign="top"><code>org/apache/**/CVS/*</code></td> |
| <td valign="top">Matches all files in <code>CVS</code> directories |
| that are located anywhere in the directory tree under |
| <code>org/apache</code>.<br> |
| Matches: |
| <pre> |
| org/apache/CVS/Entries |
| org/apache/jakarta/tools/ant/CVS/Entries |
| </pre> |
| But not: |
| <pre> |
| org/apache/CVS/foo/bar/Entries |
| </pre> |
| (<code>foo/bar/</code> part does not match)</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td valign="top"><code>**/test/**</code></td> |
| <td valign="top">Matches all files that have a <code>test</code> |
| element in their path, including <code>test</code> as a filename.</td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| <p>When these patterns are used in inclusion and exclusion, you have a powerful |
| way to select just the files you want.</p> |
| |
| <h3><a name="selectors">Selectors</a></h3> |
| <p>The <a href="Types/fileset.html"><code><fileset></code></a>, |
| whether implicit or explicit in the |
| directory-based task, also acts as an |
| <a href="Types/selectors.html#andselect"><code><and></code></a> |
| selector container. This can be used to create arbitrarily complicated |
| selection criteria for the files the task should work with. See the |
| <a href="Types/selectors.html">Selector</a> documentation for more |
| information.</p> |
| |
| <h3><a name="tasklist">Standard Tasks/Filesets</a></h3> |
| <p>Many of the standard tasks in ant take one or more filesets which follow |
| the rules given here. This list, a subset of those, is a list of standard ant |
| tasks that can act as an implicit fileset:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li><a href="Tasks/checksum.html"><code><checksum></code></a></li> |
| <li><a href="Tasks/copydir.html"><code><copydir></code></a> (deprecated)</li> |
| <li><a href="Tasks/delete.html"><code><delete></code></a></li> |
| <li><a href="Tasks/dependset.html"><code><dependset></code></a></li> |
| <li><a href="Tasks/fixcrlf.html"><code><fixcrlf></code></a></li> |
| <li><a href="Tasks/javac.html"><code><javac></code></a></li> |
| <li><a href="Tasks/replace.html"><code><replace></code></a></li> |
| <li><a href="Tasks/rmic.html"><code><rmic></code></a></li> |
| <li><a href="Tasks/style.html"><code><style></code> (aka <code><xslt></code>)</a></li> |
| <li><a href="Tasks/tar.html"><code><tar></code></a></li> |
| <li><a href="Tasks/zip.html"><code><zip></code></a></li> |
| <li><a href="Tasks/ejb.html#ddcreator"><code><ddcreator></code></a></li> |
| <li><a href="Tasks/ejb.html#ejbjar"><code><ejbjar></code></a></li> |
| <li><a href="Tasks/ejb.html#ejbc"><code><ejbc></code></a></li> |
| <li><a href="Tasks/cab.html"><code><cab></code></a></li> |
| <li><a href="Tasks/native2ascii.html"><code><native2ascii></code></a></li> |
| <li><a href="Tasks/netrexxc.html"><code><netrexxc></code></a></li> |
| <li> |
| <a href="Tasks/renameextensions.html"><code><renameextensions></code></a> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="Tasks/depend.html"><code><depend></code></a></li> |
| <li><a href="Tasks/translate.html"><code><translate></code></a></li> |
| <li><a href="Tasks/image.html"><code><image></code></a></li> |
| <li><a href="Tasks/jlink.html"><code><jlink></code></a> (deprecated)</li> |
| <li><a href="Tasks/jspc.html"><code><jspc></code></a></li> |
| <li><a href="Tasks/wljspc.html"><code><wljspc></code></a></li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h3><a name="examples">Examples</a></h3> |
| <pre> |
| <copy todir="${dist}"> |
| <fileset dir="${src}" |
| includes="**/images/*" |
| excludes="**/*.gif" |
| /> |
| </copy></pre> |
| <p>This copies all files in directories called <code>images</code> that are |
| located in the directory tree defined by <code>${src}</code> to the |
| destination directory defined by <code>${dist}</code>, |
| but excludes all <code>*.gif</code> files from the copy.</p> |
| <pre> |
| <copy todir="${dist}"> |
| <fileset dir="${src}"> |
| <include name="**/images/*"/> |
| <exclude name="**/*.gif"/> |
| </fileset> |
| </copy> |
| </pre> |
| <p> The same as the example above, but expressed using nested elements.</p> |
| |
| <pre> |
| <delete dir="${dist}"> |
| <include name="**/images/*"/> |
| <exclude name="**/*.gif"/> |
| </delete> |
| </pre> |
| <p>Deleting the original set of files, the <code>delete</code> task can act |
| as an implicit fileset.</p> |
| |
| <h3><a name="defaultexcludes">Default Excludes</a></h3> |
| <p>There are a set of definitions that are excluded by default from all |
| directory-based tasks. As of Ant 1.8.1 they are:</p> |
| <pre> |
| **/*~ |
| **/#*# |
| **/.#* |
| **/%*% |
| **/._* |
| **/CVS |
| **/CVS/** |
| **/.cvsignore |
| **/SCCS |
| **/SCCS/** |
| **/vssver.scc |
| **/.svn |
| **/.svn/** |
| **/.DS_Store |
| </pre> |
| <p>Ant 1.8.2 adds the following default excludes:</p> |
| <pre> |
| **/.git |
| **/.git/** |
| **/.gitattributes |
| **/.gitignore |
| **/.gitmodules |
| **/.hg |
| **/.hg/** |
| **/.hgignore |
| **/.hgsub |
| **/.hgsubstate |
| **/.hgtags |
| **/.bzr |
| **/.bzr/** |
| **/.bzrignore |
| </pre> |
| <p>If you do not want these default excludes applied, you may disable |
| them with the <code>defaultexcludes="no"</code> |
| attribute.</p> |
| |
| <p>This is the default list; note that you can modify the list of |
| default excludes by using the <a |
| href="Tasks/defaultexcludes.html">defaultexcludes</a> task.</p> |
| |
| |
| |
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