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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#how-to-improve-dag-performance">How to improve DAG performance?</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#what-s-the-deal-with-start-date">What's the deal with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code>?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#what-does-execution-date-mean">What does <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">execution_date</span></code> mean?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#how-to-create-dags-dynamically">How to create DAGs dynamically?</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#do-macros-resolves-in-another-jinja-template">Do Macros resolves in another Jinja template?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#why-next-ds-or-prev-ds-might-not-contain-expected-values">Why <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">next_ds</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">prev_ds</span></code> might not contain expected values?</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#how-to-trigger-tasks-based-on-another-task-s-failure">How to trigger tasks based on another task's failure?</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#what-does-mysql-server-has-gone-away-mean">What does &quot;MySQL Server has gone away&quot; mean?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#does-airflow-support-extended-ascii-or-unicode-characters">Does Airflow support extended ASCII or unicode characters?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#how-to-fix-exception-global-variable-explicit-defaults-for-timestamp-needs-to-be-on-1">How to fix Exception: Global variable <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">explicit_defaults_for_timestamp</span></code> needs to be on (1)?</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#what-does-execution-date-mean">What does <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">execution_date</span></code> mean?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#how-to-create-dags-dynamically">How to create DAGs dynamically?</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#how-to-trigger-tasks-based-on-another-task-s-failure">How to trigger tasks based on another task's failure?</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#what-does-mysql-server-has-gone-away-mean">What does &quot;MySQL Server has gone away&quot; mean?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#does-airflow-support-extended-ascii-or-unicode-characters">Does Airflow support extended ASCII or unicode characters?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="#how-to-fix-exception-global-variable-explicit-defaults-for-timestamp-needs-to-be-on-1">How to fix Exception: Global variable <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">explicit_defaults_for_timestamp</span></code> needs to be on (1)?</a></li>
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<blockquote>
<div></div></blockquote>
<div class="section" id="faq">
<span id="id1"></span><h1>FAQ<a class="headerlink" href="#faq" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<div class="section" id="scheduling">
<h2>Scheduling<a class="headerlink" href="#scheduling" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="why-is-task-not-getting-scheduled">
<h3>Why is task not getting scheduled?<a class="headerlink" href="#why-is-task-not-getting-scheduled" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>There are very many reasons why your task might not be getting scheduled. Here are some of the common causes:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Does your script &quot;compile&quot;, can the Airflow engine parse it and find your
DAG object? To test this, you can run <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow</span> <span class="pre">dags</span> <span class="pre">list</span></code> and
confirm that your DAG shows up in the list. You can also run
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow</span> <span class="pre">tasks</span> <span class="pre">list</span> <span class="pre">foo_dag_id</span> <span class="pre">--tree</span></code> and confirm that your task
shows up in the list as expected. If you use the CeleryExecutor, you
may want to confirm that this works both where the scheduler runs as well
as where the worker runs.</p></li>
<li><p>Does the file containing your DAG contain the string &quot;airflow&quot; and &quot;DAG&quot; somewhere
in the contents? When searching the DAG directory, Airflow ignores files not containing
&quot;airflow&quot; and &quot;DAG&quot; in order to prevent the DagBag parsing from importing all python
files collocated with user's DAGs.</p></li>
<li><p>Is your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code> set properly? The Airflow scheduler triggers the
task soon after the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">schedule_interval</span></code> is passed.</p></li>
<li><p>Is your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">schedule_interval</span></code> set properly? The default <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">schedule_interval</span></code>
is one day (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.timedelta(1)</span></code>). You must specify a different <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">schedule_interval</span></code>
directly to the DAG object you instantiate, not as a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">default_param</span></code>, as task instances
do not override their parent DAG's <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">schedule_interval</span></code>.</p></li>
<li><p>Is your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code> beyond where you can see it in the UI? If you
set your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code> to some time say 3 months ago, you won't be able to see
it in the main view in the UI, but you should be able to see it in the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Menu</span> <span class="pre">-&gt;</span> <span class="pre">Browse</span> <span class="pre">-&gt;Task</span> <span class="pre">Instances</span></code>.</p></li>
<li><p>Are the dependencies for the task met? The task instances directly
upstream from the task need to be in a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">success</span></code> state. Also,
if you have set <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">depends_on_past=True</span></code>, the previous task instance
needs to have succeeded (except if it is the first run for that task).
Also, if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wait_for_downstream=True</span></code>, make sure you understand
what it means - all tasks <em>immediately</em> downstream of the <em>previous</em>
task instance must have succeeded.
You can view how these properties are set from the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Task</span> <span class="pre">Instance</span> <span class="pre">Details</span></code>
page for your task.</p></li>
<li><p>Are the DagRuns you need created and active? A DagRun represents a specific
execution of an entire DAG and has a state (running, success, failed, ...).
The scheduler creates new DagRun as it moves forward, but never goes back
in time to create new ones. The scheduler only evaluates <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">running</span></code> DagRuns
to see what task instances it can trigger. Note that clearing tasks
instances (from the UI or CLI) does set the state of a DagRun back to
running. You can bulk view the list of DagRuns and alter states by clicking
on the schedule tag for a DAG.</p></li>
<li><p>Is the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">concurrency</span></code> parameter of your DAG reached? <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">concurrency</span></code> defines
how many <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">running</span></code> task instances a DAG is allowed to have, beyond which
point things get queued.</p></li>
<li><p>Is the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">max_active_runs</span></code> parameter of your DAG reached? <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">max_active_runs</span></code> defines
how many <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">running</span></code> concurrent instances of a DAG there are allowed to be.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>You may also want to read about the <a class="reference internal" href="concepts/scheduler.html#scheduler"><span class="std std-ref">Scheduler</span></a> and make
sure you fully understand how the scheduler cycle.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="how-to-improve-dag-performance">
<h3>How to improve DAG performance?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-to-improve-dag-performance" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>There are some Airflow configuration to allow for a larger scheduling capacity and frequency:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="configurations-ref.html#config-core-parallelism"><span class="std std-ref">parallelism</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="configurations-ref.html#config-core-dag-concurrency"><span class="std std-ref">dag_concurrency</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="configurations-ref.html#config-core-max-active-runs-per-dag"><span class="std std-ref">max_active_runs_per_dag</span></a></p></li>
</ul>
<p>DAGs have configurations that improves efficiency:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">concurrency</span></code>: Overrides <a class="reference internal" href="configurations-ref.html#config-core-dag-concurrency"><span class="std std-ref">dag_concurrency</span></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">max_active_runs</span></code>: Overrides <a class="reference internal" href="configurations-ref.html#config-core-max-active-runs-per-dag"><span class="std std-ref">max_active_runs_per_dag</span></a>.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>Operators or tasks also have configurations that improves efficiency and scheduling priority:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">task_concurrency</span></code>: This parameter controls the number of concurrent running task instances across <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dag_runs</span></code>
per task.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pool</span></code>: See <a class="reference internal" href="concepts/pools.html#concepts-pool"><span class="std std-ref">Pools</span></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">priority_weight</span></code>: See <a class="reference internal" href="concepts/priority-weight.html#concepts-priority-weight"><span class="std std-ref">Priority Weights</span></a>.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">queue</span></code>: See <a class="reference internal" href="executor/celery.html#executor-celeryexecutor-queue"><span class="std std-ref">Queues</span></a> for CeleryExecutor deployments only.</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="how-to-reduce-dag-scheduling-latency-task-delay">
<h3>How to reduce DAG scheduling latency / task delay?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-to-reduce-dag-scheduling-latency-task-delay" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Airflow 2.0 has low DAG scheduling latency out of the box (particularly when compared with Airflow 1.10.x),
however if you need more throughput you can <a class="reference internal" href="concepts/scheduler.html#scheduler-ha"><span class="std std-ref">start multiple schedulers</span></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="how-do-i-trigger-tasks-based-on-another-task-s-failure">
<h3>How do I trigger tasks based on another task's failure?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-do-i-trigger-tasks-based-on-another-task-s-failure" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>You can achieve this with <a class="reference internal" href="concepts/dags.html#concepts-trigger-rules"><span class="std std-ref">Trigger Rules</span></a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="dag-construction">
<h2>DAG construction<a class="headerlink" href="#dag-construction" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="what-s-the-deal-with-start-date">
<h3>What's the deal with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code>?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-s-the-deal-with-start-date" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code> is partly legacy from the pre-DagRun era, but it is still
relevant in many ways. When creating a new DAG, you probably want to set
a global <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code> for your tasks using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">default_args</span></code>. The first
DagRun to be created will be based on the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">min(start_date)</span></code> for all your
tasks. From that point on, the scheduler creates new DagRuns based on
your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">schedule_interval</span></code> and the corresponding task instances run as your
dependencies are met. When introducing new tasks to your DAG, you need to
pay special attention to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code>, and may want to reactivate
inactive DagRuns to get the new task onboarded properly.</p>
<p>We recommend against using dynamic values as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code>, especially
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.now()</span></code> as it can be quite confusing. The task is triggered
once the period closes, and in theory an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&#64;hourly</span></code> DAG would never get to
an hour after now as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">now()</span></code> moves along.</p>
<p>Previously, we also recommended using rounded <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code> in relation to your
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">schedule_interval</span></code>. This meant an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&#64;hourly</span></code> would be at <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">00:00</span></code>
minutes:seconds, a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&#64;daily</span></code> job at midnight, a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&#64;monthly</span></code> job on the
first of the month. This is no longer required. Airflow will now auto align
the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code> and the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">schedule_interval</span></code>, by using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code>
as the moment to start looking.</p>
<p>You can use any sensor or a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TimeDeltaSensor</span></code> to delay
the execution of tasks within the schedule interval.
While <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">schedule_interval</span></code> does allow specifying a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.timedelta</span></code>
object, we recommend using the macros or cron expressions instead, as
it enforces this idea of rounded schedules.</p>
<p>When using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">depends_on_past=True</span></code>, it's important to pay special attention
to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code>, as the past dependency is not enforced only on the specific
schedule of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code> specified for the task. It's also
important to watch DagRun activity status in time when introducing
new <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">depends_on_past=True</span></code>, unless you are planning on running a backfill
for the new task(s).</p>
<p>It is also important to note that the task's <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code>, in the context of a
backfill CLI command, gets overridden by the backfill's <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code> commands.
This allows for a backfill on tasks that have <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">depends_on_past=True</span></code> to
actually start. If this were not the case, the backfill just would not start.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="what-does-execution-date-mean">
<h3>What does <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">execution_date</span></code> mean?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-does-execution-date-mean" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Airflow was developed as a solution for ETL needs. In the ETL world, you typically summarize data. So, if you want to
summarize data for 2016-02-19, You would do it at 2016-02-20 midnight UTC, which would be right after all data for
2016-02-19 becomes available.</p>
<p>This datetime value is available to you as <a class="reference internal" href="macros-ref.html#macros-default-variables"><span class="std std-ref">Macros</span></a> as various forms in Jinja templated
fields. They are also included in the context dictionary given to an Operator's execute function.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">MyOperator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BaseOperator</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">execute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">context</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">info</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">context</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;execution_date&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Note that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ds</span></code> refers to date_string, not date start as may be confusing to some.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="how-to-create-dags-dynamically">
<h3>How to create DAGs dynamically?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-to-create-dags-dynamically" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Airflow looks in your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DAGS_FOLDER</span></code> for modules that contain <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DAG</span></code> objects
in their global namespace and adds the objects it finds in the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DagBag</span></code>. Knowing this, all we need is a way to dynamically assign
variable in the global namespace. This is easily done in python using the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">globals()</span></code> function for the standard library, which behaves like a
simple dictionary.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">create_dag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dag_id</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sd">&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="sd"> A function returning a DAG object.</span>
<span class="sd"> &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">DAG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dag_id</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">dag_id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sa">f</span><span class="s1">&#39;foo_</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span>
<span class="nb">globals</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="n">dag_id</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DAG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dag_id</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># or better, call a function that returns a DAG object!</span>
<span class="n">other_dag_id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sa">f</span><span class="s1">&#39;bar_</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s1">&#39;</span>
<span class="nb">globals</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="n">other_dag_id</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">create_dag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">other_dag_id</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Even though Airflow supports multiple DAG definition per python file, dynamically generated or otherwise, it is not
recommended as Airflow would like better isolation between DAGs from a fault and deployment perspective and multiple
DAGs in the same file goes against that.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="are-top-level-python-code-allowed">
<h3>Are top level Python code allowed?<a class="headerlink" href="#are-top-level-python-code-allowed" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>While it is not recommended to write any code outside of defining Airflow constructs, Airflow does support any
arbitrary python code as long as it does not break the DAG file processor or prolong file processing time past the
<a class="reference internal" href="configurations-ref.html#config-core-dagbag-import-timeout"><span class="std std-ref">dagbag_import_timeout</span></a> value.</p>
<p>A common example is the violation of the time limit when building a dynamic DAG which usually requires querying data
from another service like a database. At the same time, the requested service is being swamped with DAG file
processors requests for data to process the file. These unintended interactions may cause the service to deteriorate
and eventually cause DAG file processing to fail.</p>
<p>Refer to <a class="reference internal" href="best-practices.html#best-practice-writing-a-dag"><span class="std std-ref">DAG writing best practices</span></a> for more information.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="do-macros-resolves-in-another-jinja-template">
<h3>Do Macros resolves in another Jinja template?<a class="headerlink" href="#do-macros-resolves-in-another-jinja-template" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>It is not possible to render <a class="reference internal" href="macros-ref.html#macros"><span class="std std-ref">Macros</span></a> or any Jinja template within another Jinja template. This is
commonly attempted in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">user_defined_macros</span></code>.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">dag</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DAG</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="o">...</span>
<span class="n">user_defined_macros</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="s1">&#39;my_custom_macro&#39;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s1">&#39;day={{ ds }}&#39;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">bo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">BashOperator</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">task_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;my_task&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">bash_command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;echo {{ my_custom_macro }}&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">dag</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dag</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This will echo &quot;day={{ ds }}&quot; instead of &quot;day=2020-01-01&quot; for a dagrun with the execution date 2020-01-01 00:00:00.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">bo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">BashOperator</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">task_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;my_task&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">bash_command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;echo day={{ ds }}&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">dag</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">dag</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>By using the ds macros directly in the template_field, the rendered value results in &quot;day=2020-01-01&quot;.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="why-next-ds-or-prev-ds-might-not-contain-expected-values">
<h3>Why <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">next_ds</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">prev_ds</span></code> might not contain expected values?<a class="headerlink" href="#why-next-ds-or-prev-ds-might-not-contain-expected-values" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>When scheduling DAG, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">next_ds</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">next_ds_nodash</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">prev_ds</span></code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">prev_ds_nodash</span></code> are calculated using
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">execution_date</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">schedule_interval</span></code>. If you set <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">schedule_interval</span></code> as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&#64;once</span></code>,
the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">next_ds</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">next_ds_nodash</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">prev_ds</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">prev_ds_nodash</span></code> values will be set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p></li>
<li><p>When manually triggering DAG, the schedule will be ignored, and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">prev_ds</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">next_ds</span> <span class="pre">==</span> <span class="pre">ds</span></code></p></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="task-execution-interactions">
<h2>Task execution interactions<a class="headerlink" href="#task-execution-interactions" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="what-does-templatenotfound-mean">
<h3>What does <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TemplateNotFound</span></code> mean?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-does-templatenotfound-mean" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TemplateNotFound</span></code> errors are usually due to misalignment with user expectations when passing path to operator
that trigger Jinja templating. A common occurrence is with <a class="reference internal" href="howto/operator/bash.html#howto-operator-bashoperator"><span class="std std-ref">BashOperators</span></a>.</p>
<p>Another commonly missed fact is that the files are resolved relative to where the pipeline file lives. You can add
other directories to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">template_searchpath</span></code> of the DAG object to allow for other non-relative location.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="how-to-trigger-tasks-based-on-another-task-s-failure">
<h3>How to trigger tasks based on another task's failure?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-to-trigger-tasks-based-on-another-task-s-failure" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>For tasks that are related through dependency, you can set the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trigger_rule</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TriggerRule.ALL_FAILED</span></code> if the
task execution depends on the failure of ALL its upstream tasks or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TriggerRule.ONE_FAILED</span></code> for just one of the
upstream task.</p>
<div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">airflow.decorators</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">dag</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">task</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">airflow.exceptions</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">AirflowException</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">airflow.utils.trigger_rule</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">TriggerRule</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">datetime</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">datetime</span>
<span class="nd">@task</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">a_func</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">raise</span> <span class="n">AirflowException</span>
<span class="nd">@task</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">trigger_rule</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">TriggerRule</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ALL_FAILED</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">b_func</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="k">pass</span>
<span class="nd">@dag</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">schedule_interval</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;@once&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">start_date</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">datetime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2021</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">my_dag</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">a_func</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">b_func</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="n">b</span>
<span class="n">dag</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">my_dag</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="concepts/dags.html#concepts-trigger-rules"><span class="std std-ref">Trigger Rules</span></a> for more information.</p>
<p>If the tasks are not related by dependency, you will need to <a class="reference internal" href="howto/custom-operator.html#custom-operator"><span class="std std-ref">build a custom Operator</span></a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="airflow-ui">
<h2>Airflow UI<a class="headerlink" href="#airflow-ui" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="how-do-i-stop-the-sync-perms-happening-multiple-times-per-webserver">
<h3>How do I stop the sync perms happening multiple times per webserver?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-do-i-stop-the-sync-perms-happening-multiple-times-per-webserver" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Set the value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">update_fab_perms</span></code> configuration in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow.cfg</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="how-to-reduce-the-airflow-ui-page-load-time">
<h3>How to reduce the airflow UI page load time?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-to-reduce-the-airflow-ui-page-load-time" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>If your dag takes long time to load, you could reduce the value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">default_dag_run_display_number</span></code> configuration
in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow.cfg</span></code> to a smaller value. This configurable controls the number of dag run to show in UI with default
value <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">25</span></code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="why-did-the-pause-dag-toggle-turn-red">
<h3>Why did the pause dag toggle turn red?<a class="headerlink" href="#why-did-the-pause-dag-toggle-turn-red" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>If pausing or unpausing a dag fails for any reason, the dag toggle will
revert to its previous state and turn red. If you observe this behavior,
try pausing the dag again, or check the console or server logs if the
issue recurs.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="mysql-and-mysql-variant-databases">
<h2>MySQL and MySQL variant Databases<a class="headerlink" href="#mysql-and-mysql-variant-databases" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<div class="section" id="what-does-mysql-server-has-gone-away-mean">
<h3>What does &quot;MySQL Server has gone away&quot; mean?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-does-mysql-server-has-gone-away-mean" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>You may occasionally experience <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OperationalError</span></code> with the message &quot;MySQL Server has gone away&quot;. This is due to the
connection pool keeping connections open too long and you are given an old connection that has expired. To ensure a
valid connection, you can set <a class="reference internal" href="configurations-ref.html#config-core-sql-alchemy-pool-recycle"><span class="std std-ref">sql_alchemy_pool_recycle</span></a> to ensure connections are invalidated after
that many seconds and new ones are created.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="does-airflow-support-extended-ascii-or-unicode-characters">
<h3>Does Airflow support extended ASCII or unicode characters?<a class="headerlink" href="#does-airflow-support-extended-ascii-or-unicode-characters" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>If you intend to use extended ASCII or Unicode characters in Airflow, you have to provide a proper connection string to
the MySQL database since they define charset explicitly.</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sql_alchemy_conn = mysql://airflow@localhost:3306/airflow?charset=utf8
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You will experience <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UnicodeDecodeError</span></code> thrown by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">WTForms</span></code> templating and other Airflow modules like below.</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>&#39;ascii&#39; codec can&#39;t decode byte 0xae in position 506: ordinal not in range(128)
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="how-to-fix-exception-global-variable-explicit-defaults-for-timestamp-needs-to-be-on-1">
<h3>How to fix Exception: Global variable <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">explicit_defaults_for_timestamp</span></code> needs to be on (1)?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-to-fix-exception-global-variable-explicit-defaults-for-timestamp-needs-to-be-on-1" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>This means <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">explicit_defaults_for_timestamp</span></code> is disabled in your mysql server and you need to enable it by:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><p>Set <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">explicit_defaults_for_timestamp</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">1</span></code> under the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mysqld</span></code> section in your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">my.cnf</span></code> file.</p></li>
<li><p>Restart the Mysql server.</p></li>
</ol>
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