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| <div class="section" id="faq"> |
| <h1>FAQ<a class="headerlink" href="#faq" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> |
| <div class="section" id="why-isn-t-my-task-getting-scheduled"> |
| <h2>Why isn’t my task getting scheduled?<a class="headerlink" href="#why-isn-t-my-task-getting-scheduled" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>There are very many reasons why your task might not be getting scheduled. |
| Here are some of the common causes:</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>Does your script “compile”, can the Airflow engine parse it and find your |
| DAG object. To test this, you can run <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow</span> <span class="pre">list_dags</span></code> and |
| confirm that your DAG shows up in the list. You can also run |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow</span> <span class="pre">list_tasks</span> <span class="pre">foo_dag_id</span> <span class="pre">--tree</span></code> and confirm that your task |
| shows up in the list as expected. If you use the CeleryExecutor, you |
| may want to confirm that this works both where the scheduler runs as well |
| as where the worker runs.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Does the file containing your DAG contain the string “airflow” and “DAG” somewhere |
| in the contents? When searching the DAG directory, Airflow ignores files not containing |
| “airflow” and “DAG” in order to prevent the DagBag parsing from importing all python |
| files collocated with user’s DAGs.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Is your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code> set properly? The Airflow scheduler triggers the |
| task soon after the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">schedule_interval</span></code> is passed.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Is your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">schedule_interval</span></code> set properly? The default <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">schedule_interval</span></code> |
| is one day (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.timedelta(1)</span></code>). You must specify a different <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">schedule_interval</span></code> |
| directly to the DAG object you instantiate, not as a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">default_param</span></code>, as task instances |
| do not override their parent DAG’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">schedule_interval</span></code>.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Is your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code> beyond where you can see it in the UI? If you |
| set your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code> to some time say 3 months ago, you won’t be able to see |
| it in the main view in the UI, but you should be able to see it in the |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Menu</span> <span class="pre">-></span> <span class="pre">Browse</span> <span class="pre">->Task</span> <span class="pre">Instances</span></code>.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Are the dependencies for the task met. The task instances directly |
| upstream from the task need to be in a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">success</span></code> state. Also, |
| if you have set <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">depends_on_past=True</span></code>, the previous task instance |
| needs to have succeeded (except if it is the first run for that task). |
| Also, if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wait_for_downstream=True</span></code>, make sure you understand |
| what it means. |
| You can view how these properties are set from the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Task</span> <span class="pre">Instance</span> <span class="pre">Details</span></code> |
| page for your task.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Are the DagRuns you need created and active? A DagRun represents a specific |
| execution of an entire DAG and has a state (running, success, failed, …). |
| The scheduler creates new DagRun as it moves forward, but never goes back |
| in time to create new ones. The scheduler only evaluates <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">running</span></code> DagRuns |
| to see what task instances it can trigger. Note that clearing tasks |
| instances (from the UI or CLI) does set the state of a DagRun back to |
| running. You can bulk view the list of DagRuns and alter states by clicking |
| on the schedule tag for a DAG.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Is the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">concurrency</span></code> parameter of your DAG reached? <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">concurrency</span></code> defines |
| how many <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">running</span></code> task instances a DAG is allowed to have, beyond which |
| point things get queued.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Is the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">max_active_runs</span></code> parameter of your DAG reached? <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">max_active_runs</span></code> defines |
| how many <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">running</span></code> concurrent instances of a DAG there are allowed to be.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>You may also want to read the Scheduler section of the docs and make |
| sure you fully understand how it proceeds.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="how-do-i-trigger-tasks-based-on-another-task-s-failure"> |
| <h2>How do I trigger tasks based on another task’s failure?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-do-i-trigger-tasks-based-on-another-task-s-failure" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>Check out the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Trigger</span> <span class="pre">Rule</span></code> section in the Concepts section of the |
| documentation</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="why-are-connection-passwords-still-not-encrypted-in-the-metadata-db-after-i-installed-airflow-crypto"> |
| <h2>Why are connection passwords still not encrypted in the metadata db after I installed airflow[crypto]?<a class="headerlink" href="#why-are-connection-passwords-still-not-encrypted-in-the-metadata-db-after-i-installed-airflow-crypto" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>Check out the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connections</span></code> section in the Configuration section of the |
| documentation</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="what-s-the-deal-with-start-date"> |
| <h2>What’s the deal with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code>?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-s-the-deal-with-start-date" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code> is partly legacy from the pre-DagRun era, but it is still |
| relevant in many ways. When creating a new DAG, you probably want to set |
| a global <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code> for your tasks using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">default_args</span></code>. The first |
| DagRun to be created will be based on the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">min(start_date)</span></code> for all your |
| task. From that point on, the scheduler creates new DagRuns based on |
| your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">schedule_interval</span></code> and the corresponding task instances run as your |
| dependencies are met. When introducing new tasks to your DAG, you need to |
| pay special attention to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code>, and may want to reactivate |
| inactive DagRuns to get the new task onboarded properly.</p> |
| <p>We recommend against using dynamic values as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code>, especially |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.now()</span></code> as it can be quite confusing. The task is triggered |
| once the period closes, and in theory an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">@hourly</span></code> DAG would never get to |
| an hour after now as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">now()</span></code> moves along.</p> |
| <p>Previously we also recommended using rounded <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code> in relation to your |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">schedule_interval</span></code>. This meant an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">@hourly</span></code> would be at <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">00:00</span></code> |
| minutes:seconds, a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">@daily</span></code> job at midnight, a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">@monthly</span></code> job on the |
| first of the month. This is no longer required. Airflow will now auto align |
| the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code> and the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">schedule_interval</span></code>, by using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code> |
| as the moment to start looking.</p> |
| <p>You can use any sensor or a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TimeDeltaSensor</span></code> to delay |
| the execution of tasks within the schedule interval. |
| While <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">schedule_interval</span></code> does allow specifying a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">datetime.timedelta</span></code> |
| object, we recommend using the macros or cron expressions instead, as |
| it enforces this idea of rounded schedules.</p> |
| <p>When using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">depends_on_past=True</span></code> it’s important to pay special attention |
| to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code> as the past dependency is not enforced only on the specific |
| schedule of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code> specified for the task. It’s also |
| important to watch DagRun activity status in time when introducing |
| new <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">depends_on_past=True</span></code>, unless you are planning on running a backfill |
| for the new task(s).</p> |
| <p>Also important to note is that the tasks <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code>, in the context of a |
| backfill CLI command, get overridden by the backfill’s command <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code>. |
| This allows for a backfill on tasks that have <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">depends_on_past=True</span></code> to |
| actually start, if that wasn’t the case, the backfill just wouldn’t start.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="how-can-i-create-dags-dynamically"> |
| <h2>How can I create DAGs dynamically?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-can-i-create-dags-dynamically" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>Airflow looks in your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DAGS_FOLDER</span></code> for modules that contain <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DAG</span></code> objects |
| in their global namespace, and adds the objects it finds in the |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DagBag</span></code>. Knowing this all we need is a way to dynamically assign |
| variable in the global namespace, which is easily done in python using the |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">globals()</span></code> function for the standard library which behaves like a |
| simple dictionary.</p> |
| <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">create_dag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dag_id</span><span class="p">):</span> |
| <span class="sd">"""</span> |
| <span class="sd"> A function returning a DAG object.</span> |
| <span class="sd"> """</span> |
| |
| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">DAG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dag_id</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| |
| |
| <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">):</span> |
| <span class="n">dag_id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="s1">'foo_{i}'</span> |
| <span class="nb">globals</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="n">dag_id</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DAG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dag_id</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1"># or better, call a function that returns a DAG object!</span> |
| <span class="n">other_dag_id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="s1">'bar_{i}'</span> |
| <span class="nb">globals</span><span class="p">()[</span><span class="n">other_dag_id</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">create_dag</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">other_dag_id</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="what-are-all-the-airflow-run-commands-in-my-process-list"> |
| <h2>What are all the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow</span> <span class="pre">run</span></code> commands in my process list?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-are-all-the-airflow-run-commands-in-my-process-list" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>There are many layers of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow</span> <span class="pre">run</span></code> commands, meaning it can call itself.</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>Basic <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow</span> <span class="pre">run</span></code>: fires up an executor, and tell it to run an |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow</span> <span class="pre">run</span> <span class="pre">--local</span></code> command. if using Celery, this means it puts a |
| command in the queue for it to run remote, on the worker. If using |
| LocalExecutor, that translates into running it in a subprocess pool.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Local <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow</span> <span class="pre">run</span> <span class="pre">--local</span></code>: starts an <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow</span> <span class="pre">run</span> <span class="pre">--raw</span></code> |
| command (described below) as a subprocess and is in charge of |
| emitting heartbeats, listening for external kill signals |
| and ensures some cleanup takes place if the subprocess fails</p></li> |
| <li><p>Raw <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow</span> <span class="pre">run</span> <span class="pre">--raw</span></code> runs the actual operator’s execute method and |
| performs the actual work</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="how-can-my-airflow-dag-run-faster"> |
| <h2>How can my airflow dag run faster?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-can-my-airflow-dag-run-faster" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>There are a few variables we could control to improve airflow dag performance:</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parallelism</span></code>: This variable controls the number of task instances that runs simultaneously across the whole Airflow cluster. User could increase the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">parallelism</span></code> variable in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow.cfg</span></code>.</p></li> |
| <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">concurrency</span></code>: The Airflow scheduler will run no more than <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">concurrency</span></code> task instances for your DAG at any given time. Concurrency is defined in your Airflow DAG. If you do not set the concurrency on your DAG, the scheduler will use the default value from the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dag_concurrency</span></code> entry in your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow.cfg</span></code>.</p></li> |
| <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">task_concurrency</span></code>: This variable controls the number of concurrent running task instances across <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dag_runs</span></code> per task.</p></li> |
| <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">max_active_runs</span></code>: the Airflow scheduler will run no more than <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">max_active_runs</span></code> DagRuns of your DAG at a given time. If you do not set the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">max_active_runs</span></code> in your DAG, the scheduler will use the default value from the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">max_active_runs_per_dag</span></code> entry in your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow.cfg</span></code>.</p></li> |
| <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pool</span></code>: This variable controls the number of concurrent running task instances assigned to the pool.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="how-can-we-reduce-the-airflow-ui-page-load-time"> |
| <h2>How can we reduce the airflow UI page load time?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-can-we-reduce-the-airflow-ui-page-load-time" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>If your dag takes long time to load, you could reduce the value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">default_dag_run_display_number</span></code> configuration in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow.cfg</span></code> to a smaller value. This configurable controls the number of dag run to show in UI with default value 25.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="how-to-fix-exception-global-variable-explicit-defaults-for-timestamp-needs-to-be-on-1"> |
| <h2>How to fix Exception: Global variable explicit_defaults_for_timestamp needs to be on (1)?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-to-fix-exception-global-variable-explicit-defaults-for-timestamp-needs-to-be-on-1" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>This means <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">explicit_defaults_for_timestamp</span></code> is disabled in your mysql server and you need to enable it by:</p> |
| <ol class="arabic simple"> |
| <li><p>Set <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">explicit_defaults_for_timestamp</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">1</span></code> under the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mysqld</span></code> section in your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">my.cnf</span></code> file.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Restart the Mysql server.</p></li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="how-to-reduce-airflow-dag-scheduling-latency-in-production"> |
| <h2>How to reduce airflow dag scheduling latency in production?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-to-reduce-airflow-dag-scheduling-latency-in-production" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">max_threads</span></code>: Scheduler will spawn multiple threads in parallel to schedule dags. This is controlled by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">max_threads</span></code> with default value of 2. User should increase this value to a larger value(e.g numbers of cpus where scheduler runs - 1) in production.</p></li> |
| <li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">scheduler_heartbeat_sec</span></code>: User should consider to increase <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">scheduler_heartbeat_sec</span></code> config to a higher value(e.g 60 secs) which controls how frequent the airflow scheduler gets the heartbeat and updates the job’s entry in database.</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="how-do-i-stop-the-sync-perms-happening-multiple-times-per-webserver"> |
| <h2>How do I stop the sync perms happening multiple times per webserver?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-do-i-stop-the-sync-perms-happening-multiple-times-per-webserver" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>Set the value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">update_fab_perms</span></code> configuration in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow.cfg</span></code> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>.</p> |
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| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-s-the-deal-with-start-date">What’s the deal with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">start_date</span></code>?</a></li> |
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