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<blockquote>
<div></div></blockquote>
<div class="section" id="installation-from-pypi">
<h1>Installation from PyPI<a class="headerlink" href="#installation-from-pypi" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>This page describes installations using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">apache-airflow</span></code> package <a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.org/project/apache-airflow/">published in
PyPI</a>.</p>
<div class="section" id="installation-tools">
<h2>Installation tools<a class="headerlink" href="#installation-tools" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Only <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> installation is currently officially supported.</p>
<p>While there are some successes with using other tools like <a class="reference external" href="https://python-poetry.org/">poetry</a> or
<a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.org/project/pip-tools/">pip-tools</a>, they do not share the same workflow as
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code> - especially when it comes to constraint vs. requirements management.
Installing via <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Poetry</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip-tools</span></code> is not currently supported. If you wish to install airflow
using those tools you should use the constraints and convert them to appropriate
format and workflow that your tool requires.</p>
<p>Typical command to install airflow from PyPI looks like below:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="s2">&quot;apache-airflow[celery]==2.2.5&quot;</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">constraint</span> <span class="s2">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/airflow/constraints-2.2.5/constraints-3.6.txt&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This is an example, see further for more explanation.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="constraints-files">
<span id="installation-constraints"></span><h2>Constraints files<a class="headerlink" href="#constraints-files" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Airflow installation can be tricky sometimes because Airflow is both a library and an application.
Libraries usually keep their dependencies open and applications usually pin them, but we should do neither
and both at the same time. We decided to keep our dependencies as open as possible
(in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.cfg</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code>) so users can install different
version of libraries if needed. This means that from time to time plain <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span> <span class="pre">install</span> <span class="pre">apache-airflow</span></code> will
not work or will produce an unusable Airflow installation.</p>
<p>In order to have a repeatable installation, we also keep a set of &quot;known-to-be-working&quot; constraint files in the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">constraints-main</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">constraints-2-0</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">constraints-2-1</span></code> etc. orphan branches and then we create a tag
for each released version e.g. <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">constraints-2.2.5</span></code>. This way, we keep a tested and working set of dependencies.</p>
<p>Those &quot;known-to-be-working&quot; constraints are per major/minor Python version. You can use them as constraint
files when installing Airflow from PyPI. Note that you have to specify the correct Airflow
and Python versions in the URL.</p>
<p>You can create the URL to the file substituting the variables in the template below.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/airflow/constraints-${AIRFLOW_VERSION}/constraints-${PYTHON_VERSION}.txt
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>where:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span></code> - Airflow version (e.g. <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2.2.5</span></code>) or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">main</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2-0</span></code>, for latest development version</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PYTHON_VERSION</span></code> Python version e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">3.8</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">3.7</span></code></p></li>
</ul>
<p>There is also a no-providers constraint file, which contains just constraints required to install Airflow core. This allows
to install and upgrade airflow separately and independently from providers.</p>
<p>You can create the URL to the file substituting the variables in the template below.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/airflow/constraints-${AIRFLOW_VERSION}/constraints-no-providers-${PYTHON_VERSION}.txt
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can also use &quot;latest&quot; as version when you install &quot;latest&quot; stable version of Airflow. The &quot;latest&quot;
constraints always points to the &quot;latest&quot; released Airflow version constraints:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">https</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">raw</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">githubusercontent</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">apache</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">airflow</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">constraints</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">latest</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">constraints</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">3.7</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">txt</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="installation-and-upgrade-scenarios">
<h2>Installation and upgrade scenarios<a class="headerlink" href="#installation-and-upgrade-scenarios" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>In order to simplify the installation, we have prepared examples of how to upgrade Airflow and providers.</p>
<div class="section" id="installing-airflow-with-extras-and-providers">
<h3>Installing Airflow with extras and providers<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-airflow-with-extras-and-providers" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>If you need to install extra dependencies of airflow, you can use the script below to make an installation
a one-liner (the example below installs postgres and google provider, as well as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">async</span></code> extra.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">2</span>.2.5
<span class="nv">PYTHON_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="k">$(</span>python --version <span class="p">|</span> cut -d <span class="s2">&quot; &quot;</span> -f <span class="m">2</span> <span class="p">|</span> cut -d <span class="s2">&quot;.&quot;</span> -f <span class="m">1</span>-2<span class="k">)</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
<span class="nv">CONSTRAINT_URL</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/airflow/constraints-</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">/constraints-</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">PYTHON_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">.txt&quot;</span>
pip install <span class="s2">&quot;apache-airflow[async,postgres,google]==</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> --constraint <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">CONSTRAINT_URL</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Note, that it will install the versions of providers that were available at the moment this version of Airflow
has been prepared. You need to follow next steps if you want to upgrade provider packages in case they were
released afterwards.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="upgrading-airflow-with-providers">
<h3>Upgrading Airflow with providers<a class="headerlink" href="#upgrading-airflow-with-providers" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>You can upgrade airflow together with extras (providers available at the time of the release of Airflow
being installed.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">2</span>.2.5
<span class="nv">PYTHON_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="k">$(</span>python --version <span class="p">|</span> cut -d <span class="s2">&quot; &quot;</span> -f <span class="m">2</span> <span class="p">|</span> cut -d <span class="s2">&quot;.&quot;</span> -f <span class="m">1</span>-2<span class="k">)</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
<span class="nv">CONSTRAINT_URL</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/airflow/constraints-</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">/constraints-</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">PYTHON_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">.txt&quot;</span>
pip install <span class="s2">&quot;apache-airflow[postgres,google]==</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> --constraint <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">CONSTRAINT_URL</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="installation-and-upgrading-of-airflow-providers-separately">
<h3>Installation and upgrading of Airflow providers separately<a class="headerlink" href="#installation-and-upgrading-of-airflow-providers-separately" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>You can manually install all the providers you need. You can continue using the &quot;providers&quot; constraint files
but the 'versioned' airflow constraints installs only the versions of providers that were available in PyPI at
the time of preparing of the airflow version. However, usually you can use &quot;main&quot; version of the providers
to install latest version of providers. Usually the providers work with most versions of Airflow, if there
will be any incompatibilities, it will be captured as package dependencies.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">PYTHON_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="k">$(</span>python --version <span class="p">|</span> cut -d <span class="s2">&quot; &quot;</span> -f <span class="m">2</span> <span class="p">|</span> cut -d <span class="s2">&quot;.&quot;</span> -f <span class="m">1</span>-2<span class="k">)</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
<span class="c1"># For example: 3.6</span>
<span class="nv">CONSTRAINT_URL</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/airflow/constraints-main/constraints-</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">PYTHON_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">.txt&quot;</span>
pip install <span class="s2">&quot;apache-airflow-providers-google&quot;</span> --constraint <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">CONSTRAINT_URL</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can also upgrade the providers to latest versions (you need to use main version of constraints for that):</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">PYTHON_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="k">$(</span>python --version <span class="p">|</span> cut -d <span class="s2">&quot; &quot;</span> -f <span class="m">2</span> <span class="p">|</span> cut -d <span class="s2">&quot;.&quot;</span> -f <span class="m">1</span>-2<span class="k">)</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
<span class="c1"># For example: 3.6</span>
<span class="nv">CONSTRAINT_URL</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/airflow/constraints-main/constraints-</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">PYTHON_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">.txt&quot;</span>
pip install <span class="s2">&quot;apache-airflow-providers-google&quot;</span> --upgrade --constraint <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">CONSTRAINT_URL</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="installation-and-upgrade-of-airflow-core">
<h3>Installation and upgrade of Airflow core<a class="headerlink" href="#installation-and-upgrade-of-airflow-core" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>If you don't want to install any extra providers, initially you can use the command set below.</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">2</span>.2.5
<span class="nv">PYTHON_VERSION</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="k">$(</span>python --version <span class="p">|</span> cut -d <span class="s2">&quot; &quot;</span> -f <span class="m">2</span> <span class="p">|</span> cut -d <span class="s2">&quot;.&quot;</span> -f <span class="m">1</span>-2<span class="k">)</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
<span class="c1"># For example: 3.6</span>
<span class="nv">CONSTRAINT_URL</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/airflow/constraints-</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">/constraints-no-providers-</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">PYTHON_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">.txt&quot;</span>
<span class="c1"># For example: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/apache/airflow/constraints-2.2.5/constraints-no-providers-3.6.txt</span>
pip install <span class="s2">&quot;apache-airflow==</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">AIRFLOW_VERSION</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span> --constraint <span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="si">${</span><span class="nv">CONSTRAINT_URL</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="troubleshooting">
<h2>Troubleshooting<a class="headerlink" href="#troubleshooting" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>This section describes how to troubleshoot installation issues with PyPI installation.</p>
<div class="section" id="airflow-command-is-not-recognized">
<h3>Airflow command is not recognized<a class="headerlink" href="#airflow-command-is-not-recognized" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>If the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow</span></code> command is not getting recognized (can happen on Windows when using WSL), then
ensure that <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.local/bin</span></code> is in your <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PATH</span></code> environment variable, and add it in if necessary:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nv">PATH</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$PATH</span>:~/.local/bin
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can also start airflow with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python</span> <span class="pre">-m</span> <span class="pre">airflow</span></code></p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="symbol-not-found-py-getargcargv">
<h3>Symbol not found: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_Py_GetArgcArgv</span></code><a class="headerlink" href="#symbol-not-found-py-getargcargv" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>If you see <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Symbol</span> <span class="pre">not</span> <span class="pre">found:</span> <span class="pre">_Py_GetArgcArgv</span></code> while starting or importing Airflow, this may mean that you are using an incompatible version of Python.
For a homebrew installed version of Python, this is generally caused by using Python in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/usr/local/opt/bin</span></code> rather than the Frameworks installation (e.g. for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python</span> <span class="pre">3.7</span></code>: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/usr/local/opt/python&#64;3.7/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7</span></code>).</p>
<p>The crux of the issue is that a library Airflow depends on, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setproctitle</span></code>, uses a non-public Python API
which is not available from the standard installation <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/usr/local/opt/</span></code> (which symlinks to a path under <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/usr/local/Cellar</span></code>).</p>
<p>An easy fix is just to ensure you use a version of Python that has a dylib of the Python library available. For example:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Note: these instructions are for python3.7 but can be loosely modified for other versions</span>
brew install python@3.7
virtualenv -p /usr/local/opt/python@3.7/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3 .toy-venv
<span class="nb">source</span> .toy-venv/bin/activate
pip install apache-airflow
python
&gt;&gt;&gt; import setproctitle
<span class="c1"># Success!</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Alternatively, you can download and install Python directly from the <a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/">Python website</a>.</p>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#constraints-files">Constraints files</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#installation-and-upgrade-scenarios">Installation and upgrade scenarios</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#installing-airflow-with-extras-and-providers">Installing Airflow with extras and providers</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#upgrading-airflow-with-providers">Upgrading Airflow with providers</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#installation-and-upgrading-of-airflow-providers-separately">Installation and upgrading of Airflow providers separately</a></li>
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