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| <blockquote> |
| <div></div></blockquote> |
| <div class="section" id="managing-connections"> |
| <h1>Managing Connections<a class="headerlink" href="#managing-connections" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> |
| <div class="admonition seealso"> |
| <p class="admonition-title">See also</p> |
| <p>For an overview of hooks and connections, see <a class="reference internal" href="../concepts/connections.html"><span class="doc">Connections & Hooks</span></a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <p>Airflow’s <a class="reference internal" href="../_api/airflow/models/connection/index.html#airflow.models.connection.Connection" title="airflow.models.connection.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a> object is used for storing credentials and other information necessary for connecting to external services.</p> |
| <p>Connections may be defined in the following ways:</p> |
| <blockquote> |
| <div><ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>in <a class="reference internal" href="#environment-variables-secrets-backend"><span class="std std-ref">environment variables</span></a></p></li> |
| <li><p>in an external <a class="reference internal" href="../security/secrets/secrets-backend/index.html"><span class="doc">Secrets Backend</span></a></p></li> |
| <li><p>in the <a class="reference internal" href="#connections-in-database"><span class="std std-ref">Airflow metadata database</span></a> |
| (using the <a class="reference internal" href="#connection-cli"><span class="std std-ref">CLI</span></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#creating-connection-ui"><span class="std std-ref">web UI</span></a>)</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </div></blockquote> |
| <div class="section" id="storing-connections-in-environment-variables"> |
| <h2>Storing connections in environment variables<a class="headerlink" href="#storing-connections-in-environment-variables" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>Airflow connections may be defined in environment variables.</p> |
| <p>The naming convention is <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="reference internal" href="../cli-and-env-variables-ref.html#envvar-AIRFLOW_CONN_-CONN_ID"><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AIRFLOW_CONN_{CONN_ID}</span></code></a>, all uppercase (note the single underscores surrounding <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CONN</span></code>). So if your connection id is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">my_prod_db</span></code> then the variable name should be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AIRFLOW_CONN_MY_PROD_DB</span></code>.</p> |
| <p>The value can be either JSON or Airflow’s URI format.</p> |
| <div class="section" id="json-format-example"> |
| <span id="connection-serialization-json-example"></span><h3>JSON format example<a class="headerlink" href="#json-format-example" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <div class="versionadded"> |
| <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 2.3.0.</span></p> |
| </div> |
| <p>If serializing with JSON:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">AIRFLOW_CONN_MY_PROD_DATABASE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'{</span> |
| <span class="s1"> "conn_type": "my-conn-type",</span> |
| <span class="s1"> "login": "my-login",</span> |
| <span class="s1"> "password": "my-password",</span> |
| <span class="s1"> "host": "my-host",</span> |
| <span class="s1"> "port": 1234,</span> |
| <span class="s1"> "schema": "my-schema",</span> |
| <span class="s1"> "extra": {</span> |
| <span class="s1"> "param1": "val1",</span> |
| <span class="s1"> "param2": "val2"</span> |
| <span class="s1"> }</span> |
| <span class="s1">}'</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="uri-format-example"> |
| <h3>URI format example<a class="headerlink" href="#uri-format-example" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>If serializing with Airflow URI:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">export</span> <span class="nv">AIRFLOW_CONN_MY_PROD_DATABASE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'my-conn-type://login:password@host:port/schema?param1=val1&param2=val2'</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>See <a class="reference internal" href="#connection-uri-format"><span class="std std-ref">Connection URI format</span></a> for more details on how to generate the a valid URI.</p> |
| <div class="admonition note"> |
| <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> |
| <p>Connections defined in environment variables will not show up in the Airflow UI or using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow</span> <span class="pre">connections</span> <span class="pre">list</span></code>.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="storing-connections-in-a-secrets-backend"> |
| <h2>Storing connections in a Secrets Backend<a class="headerlink" href="#storing-connections-in-a-secrets-backend" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>You can store Airflow connections in external secrets backends like HashiCorp Vault, AWS SSM Parameter Store, and other such services. For more details see <a class="reference internal" href="../security/secrets/secrets-backend/index.html"><span class="doc">Secrets Backend</span></a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="storing-connections-in-the-database"> |
| <span id="connections-in-database"></span><h2>Storing connections in the database<a class="headerlink" href="#storing-connections-in-the-database" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <div class="admonition seealso"> |
| <p class="admonition-title">See also</p> |
| <p>Connections can alternatively be stored in <a class="reference internal" href="#environment-variables-secrets-backend"><span class="std std-ref">environment variables</span></a> or an <a class="reference internal" href="../security/secrets/secrets-backend/index.html"><span class="doc">external secrets backend</span></a> such as HashiCorp Vault, AWS SSM Parameter Store, etc.</p> |
| </div> |
| <p>When storing connections in the database, you may manage them using either the web UI or the Airflow CLI.</p> |
| <div class="section" id="creating-a-connection-with-the-ui"> |
| <span id="creating-connection-ui"></span><h3>Creating a Connection with the UI<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-a-connection-with-the-ui" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>Open the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Admin->Connections</span></code> section of the UI. Click the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Create</span></code> link |
| to create a new connection.</p> |
| <img alt="../_images/connection_create.png" src="../_images/connection_create.png" /> |
| <ol class="arabic simple"> |
| <li><p>Fill in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span> <span class="pre">Id</span></code> field with the desired connection ID. It is |
| recommended that you use lower-case characters and separate words with |
| underscores.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Choose the connection type with the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span> <span class="pre">Type</span></code> field.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Fill in the remaining fields. See |
| <a class="reference internal" href="#manage-connections-connection-types"><span class="std std-ref">Handling of arbitrary dict in extra</span></a> for a description of the fields |
| belonging to the different connection types.</p></li> |
| <li><p>Click the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Save</span></code> button to create the connection.</p></li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="editing-a-connection-with-the-ui"> |
| <span id="editing-connection-ui"></span><h3>Editing a Connection with the UI<a class="headerlink" href="#editing-a-connection-with-the-ui" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>Open the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Admin->Connections</span></code> section of the UI. Click the pencil icon next |
| to the connection you wish to edit in the connection list.</p> |
| <img alt="../_images/connection_edit.png" src="../_images/connection_edit.png" /> |
| <p>Modify the connection properties and click the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Save</span></code> button to save your |
| changes.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="creating-a-connection-from-the-cli"> |
| <span id="connection-cli"></span><h3>Creating a Connection from the CLI<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-a-connection-from-the-cli" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>You may add a connection to the database from the CLI.</p> |
| <p>You can add a connection using JSON format (from version 2.3.0):</p> |
| <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>airflow connections add <span class="s1">'my_prod_db'</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --conn-json <span class="s1">'{</span> |
| <span class="s1"> "conn_type": "my-conn-type",</span> |
| <span class="s1"> "login": "my-login",</span> |
| <span class="s1"> "password": "my-password",</span> |
| <span class="s1"> "host": "my-host",</span> |
| <span class="s1"> "port": 1234,</span> |
| <span class="s1"> "schema": "my-schema",</span> |
| <span class="s1"> "extra": {</span> |
| <span class="s1"> "param1": "val1",</span> |
| <span class="s1"> "param2": "val2"</span> |
| <span class="s1"> }</span> |
| <span class="s1"> }'</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>Alternatively you may use Airflow’ Connection URI format (see <a class="reference internal" href="#generating-connection-uri"><span class="std std-ref">Generating a Connection URI</span></a>).</p> |
| <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>airflow connections add <span class="s1">'my_prod_db'</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --conn-uri <span class="s1">'<conn-type>://<login>:<password>@<host>:<port>/<schema>?param1=val1&param2=val2&...'</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>Lastly, you may also specify each parameter individually:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>airflow connections add <span class="s1">'my_prod_db'</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --conn-type <span class="s1">'my-conn-type'</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --conn-login <span class="s1">'login'</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --conn-password <span class="s1">'password'</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --conn-host <span class="s1">'host'</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --conn-port <span class="s1">'port'</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| --conn-schema <span class="s1">'schema'</span> <span class="se">\</span> |
| ... |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="exporting-connections-to-file"> |
| <h3>Exporting connections to file<a class="headerlink" href="#exporting-connections-to-file" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>You can export to file connections stored in the database (e.g. for migrating connections from one environment to another). See <a class="reference internal" href="../usage-cli.html#cli-export-connections"><span class="std std-ref">Exporting Connections</span></a> for usage.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="security-of-connections-in-the-database"> |
| <span id="environment-variables-secrets-backend"></span><h3>Security of connections in the database<a class="headerlink" href="#security-of-connections-in-the-database" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>For connections stored in the Airflow metadata database, Airflow uses <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/fernet/spec/">Fernet</a> to encrypt password and other potentially sensitive data. It guarantees that without the encryption password, Connection |
| Passwords cannot be manipulated or read without the key. For information on configuring Fernet, look at <a class="reference internal" href="../security/secrets/fernet.html#security-fernet"><span class="std std-ref">Fernet</span></a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="testing-connections"> |
| <h3>Testing Connections<a class="headerlink" href="#testing-connections" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>Airflow Web UI & API allows to test connections. The test connection feature can be used from |
| <a class="reference internal" href="#creating-connection-ui"><span class="std std-ref">create</span></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#editing-connection-ui"><span class="std std-ref">edit</span></a> connection page, or through calling |
| <a class="reference internal" href="../stable-rest-api-ref.html"><span class="doc">Connections REST API</span></a>.</p> |
| <p>To test a connection Airflow calls out the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test_connection</span></code> method from the associated hook class and reports the |
| results of it. It may happen that the connection type does not have any associated hook or the hook doesn’t have the |
| <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test_connection</span></code> method implementation, in either case the error message will throw the proper error message.</p> |
| <p>One important point to note is that the connections will be tested from the webserver only, so this feature is |
| subject to network egress rules setup for your webserver. Also, if webserver & worker machines have different libs or |
| provider packages installed then the test results might differ.</p> |
| <p>Last caveat is that this feature won’t be available for the connections coming out of the secrets backends.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="custom-connection-types"> |
| <h3>Custom connection types<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-connection-types" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>Airflow allows the definition of custom connection types – including modifications of the add/edit form |
| for the connections. Custom connection types are defined in community maintained providers, but you can |
| can also add a custom provider that adds custom connection types. See <a class="reference external" href="/docs/apache-airflow-providers/index.html" title="(in apache-airflow-providers vdevel)"><span>Provider packages</span></a> |
| for description on how to add custom providers.</p> |
| <p>The custom connection types are defined via Hooks delivered by the providers. The Hooks can implement |
| methods defined in the protocol class <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DiscoverableHook</span></code>. Note that your |
| custom Hook should not derive from this class, this class is a dummy example to document expectations |
| regarding about class fields and methods that your Hook might define. Another good example is |
| <a class="reference external" href="/docs/apache-airflow-providers-jdbc/stable/_api/airflow/providers/jdbc/hooks/jdbc/index.html#airflow.providers.jdbc.hooks.jdbc.JdbcHook" title="(in apache-airflow-providers-jdbc v2.1.3)"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">JdbcHook</span></code></a>.</p> |
| <p>By implementing those methods in your hooks and exposing them via <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection-types</span></code> array (and |
| deprecated <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hook-class-names</span></code>) in the provider meta-data, you can customize Airflow by:</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p>Adding custom connection types</p></li> |
| <li><p>Adding automated Hook creation from the connection type</p></li> |
| <li><p>Adding custom form widget to display and edit custom “extra” parameters in your connection URL</p></li> |
| <li><p>Hiding fields that are not used for your connection</p></li> |
| <li><p>Adding placeholders showing examples of how fields should be formatted</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>You can read more about details how to add custom provider packages in the <a class="reference external" href="/docs/apache-airflow-providers/index.html" title="(in apache-airflow-providers vdevel)"><span>Provider packages</span></a></p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="custom-connection-fields"> |
| <h2>Custom connection fields<a class="headerlink" href="#custom-connection-fields" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>It is possible to add custom form fields in the connection add / edit views in the Airflow webserver. |
| Custom fields are stored in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.extra</span></code> field as JSON. To add a custom field, implement |
| method <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_connection_form_widgets()</span></code>. This method should return a dictionary. The keys |
| should be the string name of the field as it should be stored in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extra</span></code> dict. The values should |
| be inheritors of <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">wtforms.fields.core.Field</span></code>.</p> |
| <p>Here’s an example:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@staticmethod</span> |
| <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get_connection_form_widgets</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="n">Dict</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Any</span><span class="p">]:</span> |
| <span class="sd">"""Returns connection widgets to add to connection form"""</span> |
| <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">flask_appbuilder.fieldwidgets</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">BS3TextFieldWidget</span> |
| <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">flask_babel</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">lazy_gettext</span> |
| <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">wtforms</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">StringField</span> |
| |
| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="s2">"workspace"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">StringField</span><span class="p">(</span> |
| <span class="n">lazy_gettext</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Workspace"</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">widget</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">BS3TextFieldWidget</span><span class="p">()</span> |
| <span class="p">),</span> |
| <span class="s2">"project"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">StringField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">lazy_gettext</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Project"</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">widget</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">BS3TextFieldWidget</span><span class="p">()),</span> |
| <span class="p">}</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonition note"> |
| <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> |
| <p>Custom fields no longer need the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extra__<conn</span> <span class="pre">type>__</span></code> prefix</p> |
| <p>Prior to Airflow 2.3, if you wanted a custom field in the UI, you had to prefix it with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extra__<conn</span> <span class="pre">type>__</span></code>, |
| and this is how its value would be stored in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extra</span></code> dict. From 2.3 onward, you no longer need to do this.</p> |
| </div> |
| <p>Method <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_ui_field_behaviour()</span></code> lets you customize behavior of both . For example you can |
| hide or relabel a field (e.g. if it’s unused or re-purposed) and you can add placeholder text.</p> |
| <p>An example:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@staticmethod</span> |
| <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">get_ui_field_behaviour</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="o">-></span> <span class="n">Dict</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Any</span><span class="p">]:</span> |
| <span class="sd">"""Returns custom field behaviour"""</span> |
| <span class="k">return</span> <span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="s2">"hidden_fields"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"port"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"host"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"login"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"schema"</span><span class="p">],</span> |
| <span class="s2">"relabeling"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{},</span> |
| <span class="s2">"placeholders"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="s2">"password"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"Asana personal access token"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="s2">"extra__my_conn_type__workspace"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"My workspace gid"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="s2">"extra__my_conn_type__project"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"My project gid"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="p">},</span> |
| <span class="p">}</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>Note here that <em>here</em> (in contrast with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_connection_form_widgets</span></code>) we must add the prefix <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extra__<conn</span> <span class="pre">type>__</span></code> when referencing a custom field. This is this is because it’s possible to create a custom field whose name overlaps with a built-in field and we need to be able to reference it unambiguously.</p> |
| <p>Take a look at providers for examples of what you can do, for example <a class="reference external" href="/docs/apache-airflow-providers-jdbc/stable/_api/airflow/providers/jdbc/hooks/jdbc/index.html#airflow.providers.jdbc.hooks.jdbc.JdbcHook" title="(in apache-airflow-providers-jdbc v2.1.3)"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">JdbcHook</span></code></a> |
| and <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">AsanaHook</span></code> both make use of this feature.</p> |
| <div class="admonition note"> |
| <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> |
| <p>Deprecated <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hook-class-names</span></code></p> |
| <p>Prior to Airflow 2.2.0, the connections in providers have been exposed via <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hook-class-names</span></code> array |
| in provider’s meta-data, this however has proven to be not well optimized for using individual hooks |
| in workers and the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hook-class-names</span></code> array is now replaced by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection-types</span></code> array. Until |
| provider supports Airflow below 2.2.0, both <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">connection-types</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hook-class-names</span></code> should be |
| present. Automated checks during CI build will verify consistency of those two arrays.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="uri-format"> |
| <span id="connection-uri-format"></span><h2>URI format<a class="headerlink" href="#uri-format" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <div class="admonition note"> |
| <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> |
| <p>From version 2.3.0 you can serialize connections with JSON instead. See <a class="reference internal" href="#connection-serialization-json-example"><span class="std std-ref">example</span></a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <p>For historical reasons, Airflow has a special URI format that can be used for serializing a Connection object to a string value.</p> |
| <p>In general, Airflow’s URI format looks like the following:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>my-conn-type://my-login:my-password@my-host:5432/my-schema?param1=val1&param2=val2 |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>The above URI would produce a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code> object equivalent to the following:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Connection</span><span class="p">(</span> |
| <span class="n">conn_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">""</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">conn_type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"my_conn_type"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">description</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">login</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"my-login"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">password</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"my-password"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">host</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"my-host"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">port</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5432</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">schema</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"my-schema"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">extra</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">json</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dumps</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">param1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"val1"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">param2</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"val2"</span><span class="p">)),</span> |
| <span class="p">)</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="generating-a-connection-uri"> |
| <span id="generating-connection-uri"></span><h3>Generating a connection URI<a class="headerlink" href="#generating-a-connection-uri" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>To make connection URI generation easier, the <a class="reference internal" href="../_api/airflow/models/connection/index.html#airflow.models.connection.Connection" title="airflow.models.connection.Connection"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection</span></code></a> class has a |
| convenience method <a class="reference internal" href="../_api/airflow/models/connection/index.html#airflow.models.connection.Connection.get_uri" title="airflow.models.connection.Connection.get_uri"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_uri()</span></code></a>. It can be used like so:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-pycon notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">json</span> |
| <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">airflow.models.connection</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Connection</span> |
| <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Connection</span><span class="p">(</span> |
| <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">conn_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"some_conn"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">conn_type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"mysql"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">description</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"connection description"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">host</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"myhost.com"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">login</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"myname"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">password</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"mypassword"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">extra</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">json</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dumps</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">dict</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">this_param</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"some val"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">that_param</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"other val*"</span><span class="p">)),</span> |
| <span class="gp">... </span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">"AIRFLOW_CONN_</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">conn_id</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">upper</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">='</span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_uri</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">'"</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="go">AIRFLOW_CONN_SOME_CONN='mysql://myname:mypassword@myhost.com?this_param=some+val&that_param=other+val%2A'</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>Additionally, if you have created a connection, you can use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow</span> <span class="pre">connections</span> <span class="pre">get</span></code> command.</p> |
| <div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$ </span>airflow connections get sqlite_default |
| <span class="go">Id: 40</span> |
| <span class="go">Connection Id: sqlite_default</span> |
| <span class="go">Connection Type: sqlite</span> |
| <span class="go">Host: /tmp/sqlite_default.db</span> |
| <span class="go">Schema: null</span> |
| <span class="go">Login: null</span> |
| <span class="go">Password: null</span> |
| <span class="go">Port: null</span> |
| <span class="go">Is Encrypted: false</span> |
| <span class="go">Is Extra Encrypted: false</span> |
| <span class="go">Extra: {}</span> |
| <span class="go">URI: sqlite://%2Ftmp%2Fsqlite_default.db</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="handling-of-arbitrary-dict-in-extra"> |
| <span id="manage-connections-connection-types"></span><h3>Handling of arbitrary dict in extra<a class="headerlink" href="#handling-of-arbitrary-dict-in-extra" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>Some JSON structures cannot be urlencoded without loss. For such JSON, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_uri</span></code> |
| will store the entire string under the url query param <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__extra__</span></code>.</p> |
| <p>For example:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-pycon notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">extra_dict</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"my_val"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"list"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"of"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"values"</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="s2">"extra"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"nested"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"json"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"val"</span><span class="p">}}}</span> |
| <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Connection</span><span class="p">(</span> |
| <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">conn_type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"scheme"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">host</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"host/location"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">schema</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"schema"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">login</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"user"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">password</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"password"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">port</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1234</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">extra</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">json</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dumps</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">extra_dict</span><span class="p">),</span> |
| <span class="gp">... </span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">uri</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_uri</span><span class="p">()</span> |
| <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">uri</span> |
| <span class="go">'scheme://user:password@host%2Flocation:1234/schema?__extra__=%7B%22my_val%22%3A+%5B%22list%22%2C+%22of%22%2C+%22values%22%5D%2C+%22extra%22%3A+%7B%22nested%22%3A+%7B%22json%22%3A+%22val%22%7D%7D%7D'</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>And we can verify that it returns the same dictionary:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-pycon notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">new_c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Connection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">uri</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">uri</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">new_c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">extra_dejson</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">extra_dict</span> |
| <span class="go">True</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>But for the most common case of storing only key-value pairs, plain url encoding is used.</p> |
| <p>You can verify a URI is parsed correctly like so:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-pycon notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">airflow.models.connection</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Connection</span> |
| |
| <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Connection</span><span class="p">(</span> |
| <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">uri</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"my-conn-type://my-login:my-password@my-host:5432/my-schema?param1=val1&param2=val2"</span> |
| <span class="gp">... </span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">login</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="go">my-login</span> |
| <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">password</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="go">my-password</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="handling-of-special-characters-in-connection-params"> |
| <h3>Handling of special characters in connection params<a class="headerlink" href="#handling-of-special-characters-in-connection-params" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <div class="admonition note"> |
| <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> |
| <p>Use the convenience method <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Connection.get_uri</span></code> when generating a connection |
| as described in section <a class="reference internal" href="#generating-connection-uri"><span class="std std-ref">Generating a Connection URI</span></a>. |
| This section for informational purposes only.</p> |
| </div> |
| <p>Special handling is required for certain characters when building a URI manually.</p> |
| <p>For example if your password has a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/</span></code>, this fails:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-pycon notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Connection</span><span class="p">(</span> |
| <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">uri</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"my-conn-type://my-login:my-pa/ssword@my-host:5432/my-schema?param1=val1&param2=val2"</span> |
| <span class="gp">... </span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="go">ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'my-pa'</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| <p>To fix this, you can encode with <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/urllib.parse.html#urllib.parse.quote_plus" title="(in Python v3.10)"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">quote_plus()</span></code></a>:</p> |
| <div class="highlight-pycon notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Connection</span><span class="p">(</span> |
| <span class="gp">... </span> <span class="n">uri</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"my-conn-type://my-login:my-pa</span><span class="si">%2F</span><span class="s2">ssword@my-host:5432/my-schema?param1=val1&param2=val2"</span> |
| <span class="gp">... </span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">password</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="go">my-pa/ssword</span> |
| </pre></div> |
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| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Managing Connections</a><ul> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#storing-connections-in-environment-variables">Storing connections in environment variables</a><ul> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#json-format-example">JSON format example</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#uri-format-example">URI format example</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#storing-connections-in-a-secrets-backend">Storing connections in a Secrets Backend</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#storing-connections-in-the-database">Storing connections in the database</a><ul> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#creating-a-connection-with-the-ui">Creating a Connection with the UI</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#editing-a-connection-with-the-ui">Editing a Connection with the UI</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#creating-a-connection-from-the-cli">Creating a Connection from the CLI</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#exporting-connections-to-file">Exporting connections to file</a></li> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#security-of-connections-in-the-database">Security of connections in the database</a></li> |
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| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#custom-connection-types">Custom connection types</a></li> |
| </ul> |
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| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#uri-format">URI format</a><ul> |
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#generating-a-connection-uri">Generating a connection URI</a></li> |
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