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| <div class="section" id="kubernetes-executor"> |
| <span id="executor-kubernetesexecutor"></span><h1>Kubernetes Executor<a class="headerlink" href="#kubernetes-executor" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> |
| <p>The kubernetes executor is introduced in Apache Airflow 1.10.0. The Kubernetes executor will create a new pod for every task instance.</p> |
| <p>Example kubernetes files are available at <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">scripts/in_container/kubernetes/app/{secrets,volumes,postgres}.yaml</span></code> in the source distribution (please note that these examples are not ideal for production environments). |
| The volumes are optional and depend on your configuration. There are two volumes available:</p> |
| <ul class="simple"> |
| <li><p><strong>Dags</strong>:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li><p>By storing dags onto persistent disk, it will be made available to all workers</p></li> |
| <li><p>Another option is to use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">git-sync</span></code>. Before starting the container, a git pull of the dags repository will be performed and used throughout the lifecycle of the pod</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><p><strong>Logs</strong>:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li><p>By storing logs onto a persistent disk, the files are accessible by workers and the webserver. If you don’t configure this, the logs will be lost after the worker pods shuts down</p></li> |
| <li><p>Another option is to use S3/GCS/etc to store logs</p></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>To troubleshoot issue with KubernetesExecutor, you can use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow</span> <span class="pre">kubernetes</span> <span class="pre">generate-dag-yaml</span></code> command. |
| This command generates the pods as they will be launched in Kubernetes and dumps them into yaml files for you to inspect.</p> |
| <div class="section" id="pod-template-file"> |
| <span id="concepts-pod-template-file"></span><h2>pod_template_file<a class="headerlink" href="#pod-template-file" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>As of Airflow 1.10.12, you can now use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pod_template_file</span></code> option in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">kubernetes</span></code> section |
| of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow.cfg</span></code> file to form the basis of your KubernetesExecutor pods. This process is faster to execute |
| and easier to modify.</p> |
| <p>We include multiple examples of working pod operators below, but we would also like to explain a few necessary components |
| if you want to customize your template files. As long as you have these components, every other element |
| in the template is customizable.</p> |
| <ol class="arabic simple"> |
| <li><p>Airflow will overwrite the base container image and the pod name</p></li> |
| </ol> |
| <p>There are two points where Airflow potentially overwrites the base image: in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">airflow.cfg</span></code> |
| or the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pod_override</span></code> (discussed below) setting. This value is overwritten to ensure that users do |
| not need to update multiple template files every time they upgrade their docker image. The other field |
| that Airflow overwrites is the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pod.metadata.name</span></code> field. This field has to be unique across all pods, |
| so we generate these names dynamically before launch.</p> |
| <p>It’s important to note while Airflow overwrites these fields, they <strong>can not be left blank</strong>. |
| If these fields do not exist, kubernetes can not load the yaml into a Kubernetes V1Pod.</p> |
| <ol class="arabic simple" start="2"> |
| <li><p>Each Airflow <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pod_template_file</span></code> must have a container named “base” at the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pod.spec.containers[0]</span></code> position</p></li> |
| </ol> |
| <p>Airflow uses the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pod_template_file</span></code> by making certain assumptions about the structure of the template. |
| When airflow creates the worker pod’s command, it assumes that the airflow worker container part exists |
| at the beginning of the container array. It then assumes that the container is named <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">base</span></code> |
| when it merges this pod with internal configs. You are more than welcome to create |
| sidecar containers after this required container.</p> |
| <p>With these requirements in mind, here are some examples of basic <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pod_template_file</span></code> YAML files.</p> |
| <p>pod_template_file using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dag_in_image</span></code> setting:</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">airflow/kubernetes/pod_template_file_examples/dags_in_image_template.yaml</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-yaml notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nn">---</span> |
| <span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">v1</span> |
| <span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Pod</span> |
| <span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">dummy-name</span> |
| <span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">containers</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">args</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p p-Indicator">[]</span> |
| <span class="nt">command</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p p-Indicator">[]</span> |
| <span class="nt">env</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">AIRFLOW__CORE__EXECUTOR</span> |
| <span class="nt">value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">LocalExecutor</span> |
| <span class="c1"># Hard Coded Airflow Envs</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">AIRFLOW__CORE__FERNET_KEY</span> |
| <span class="nt">valueFrom</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">secretKeyRef</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">RELEASE-NAME-fernet-key</span> |
| <span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">fernet-key</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">AIRFLOW__CORE__SQL_ALCHEMY_CONN</span> |
| <span class="nt">valueFrom</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">secretKeyRef</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">RELEASE-NAME-airflow-metadata</span> |
| <span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">connection</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">AIRFLOW_CONN_AIRFLOW_DB</span> |
| <span class="nt">valueFrom</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">secretKeyRef</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">RELEASE-NAME-airflow-metadata</span> |
| <span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">connection</span> |
| <span class="nt">envFrom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p p-Indicator">[]</span> |
| <span class="nt">image</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">dummy_image</span> |
| <span class="nt">imagePullPolicy</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">IfNotPresent</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">base</span> |
| <span class="nt">ports</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p p-Indicator">[]</span> |
| <span class="nt">volumeMounts</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">mountPath</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"/opt/airflow/logs"</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">airflow-logs</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">mountPath</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">/opt/airflow/dags</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">airflow-dags</span> |
| <span class="nt">readOnly</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">false</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">mountPath</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">/opt/airflow/dags</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">airflow-dags</span> |
| <span class="nt">readOnly</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">true</span> |
| <span class="nt">subPath</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">repo/tests/dags</span> |
| <span class="nt">hostNetwork</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">false</span> |
| <span class="nt">restartPolicy</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Never</span> |
| <span class="nt">securityContext</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">runAsUser</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">50000</span> |
| <span class="nt">fsGroup</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">50000</span> |
| <span class="nt">nodeSelector</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">{}</span> |
| <span class="nt">affinity</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">{}</span> |
| <span class="nt">tolerations</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">[]</span> |
| <span class="nt">serviceAccountName</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">'RELEASE-NAME-worker-serviceaccount'</span> |
| <span class="nt">volumes</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">dags</span> |
| <span class="nt">persistentVolumeClaim</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">claimName</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">RELEASE-NAME-dags</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">emptyDir</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p p-Indicator">{}</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">airflow-logs</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">configMap</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">RELEASE-NAME-airflow-config</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">airflow-config</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">configMap</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">RELEASE-NAME-airflow-config</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">airflow-local-settings</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pod_template_file</span></code> which stores DAGs in a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">persistentVolume</span></code>:</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">airflow/kubernetes/pod_template_file_examples/dags_in_volume_template.yaml</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-yaml notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nn">---</span> |
| <span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">v1</span> |
| <span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Pod</span> |
| <span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">dummy-name</span> |
| <span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">containers</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">args</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p p-Indicator">[]</span> |
| <span class="nt">command</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p p-Indicator">[]</span> |
| <span class="nt">env</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">AIRFLOW__CORE__EXECUTOR</span> |
| <span class="nt">value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">LocalExecutor</span> |
| <span class="c1"># Hard Coded Airflow Envs</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">AIRFLOW__CORE__FERNET_KEY</span> |
| <span class="nt">valueFrom</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">secretKeyRef</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">RELEASE-NAME-fernet-key</span> |
| <span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">fernet-key</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">AIRFLOW__CORE__SQL_ALCHEMY_CONN</span> |
| <span class="nt">valueFrom</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">secretKeyRef</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">RELEASE-NAME-airflow-metadata</span> |
| <span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">connection</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">AIRFLOW_CONN_AIRFLOW_DB</span> |
| <span class="nt">valueFrom</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">secretKeyRef</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">RELEASE-NAME-airflow-metadata</span> |
| <span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">connection</span> |
| <span class="nt">envFrom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p p-Indicator">[]</span> |
| <span class="nt">image</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">dummy_image</span> |
| <span class="nt">imagePullPolicy</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">IfNotPresent</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">base</span> |
| <span class="nt">ports</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p p-Indicator">[]</span> |
| <span class="nt">volumeMounts</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">mountPath</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"/opt/airflow/logs"</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">airflow-logs</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">mountPath</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">/opt/airflow/dags</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">airflow-dags</span> |
| <span class="nt">readOnly</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">true</span> |
| <span class="nt">subPath</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">repo/tests/dags</span> |
| <span class="nt">hostNetwork</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">false</span> |
| <span class="nt">restartPolicy</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Never</span> |
| <span class="nt">securityContext</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">runAsUser</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">50000</span> |
| <span class="nt">fsGroup</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">50000</span> |
| <span class="nt">nodeSelector</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">{}</span> |
| <span class="nt">affinity</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">{}</span> |
| <span class="nt">tolerations</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">[]</span> |
| <span class="nt">serviceAccountName</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">'RELEASE-NAME-worker-serviceaccount'</span> |
| <span class="nt">volumes</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">dags</span> |
| <span class="nt">persistentVolumeClaim</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">claimName</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">RELEASE-NAME-dags</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">emptyDir</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p p-Indicator">{}</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">airflow-logs</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">configMap</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">RELEASE-NAME-airflow-config</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">airflow-config</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">configMap</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">RELEASE-NAME-airflow-config</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">airflow-local-settings</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pod_template_file</span></code> which pulls DAGs from git:</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header"><span class="example-title">airflow/kubernetes/pod_template_file_examples/git_sync_template.yaml</span></p> |
| <div class="highlight-yaml notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nn">---</span> |
| <span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">v1</span> |
| <span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Pod</span> |
| <span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">dummy-name</span> |
| <span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">initContainers</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">git-sync</span> |
| <span class="nt">image</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"k8s.gcr.io/git-sync:v3.1.6"</span> |
| <span class="nt">env</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">GIT_SYNC_REV</span> |
| <span class="nt">value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"HEAD"</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">GIT_SYNC_BRANCH</span> |
| <span class="nt">value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"v2-1-stable"</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">GIT_SYNC_REPO</span> |
| <span class="nt">value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"https://github.com/apache/airflow.git"</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">GIT_SYNC_DEPTH</span> |
| <span class="nt">value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"1"</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">GIT_SYNC_ROOT</span> |
| <span class="nt">value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"/git"</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">GIT_SYNC_DEST</span> |
| <span class="nt">value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"repo"</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">GIT_SYNC_ADD_USER</span> |
| <span class="nt">value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"true"</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">GIT_SYNC_WAIT</span> |
| <span class="nt">value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"60"</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">GIT_SYNC_MAX_SYNC_FAILURES</span> |
| <span class="nt">value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"0"</span> |
| <span class="nt">volumeMounts</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">airflow-dags</span> |
| <span class="nt">mountPath</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">/git</span> |
| <span class="nt">containers</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">args</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p p-Indicator">[]</span> |
| <span class="nt">command</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p p-Indicator">[]</span> |
| <span class="nt">env</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">AIRFLOW__CORE__EXECUTOR</span> |
| <span class="nt">value</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">LocalExecutor</span> |
| <span class="c1"># Hard Coded Airflow Envs</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">AIRFLOW__CORE__FERNET_KEY</span> |
| <span class="nt">valueFrom</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">secretKeyRef</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">RELEASE-NAME-fernet-key</span> |
| <span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">fernet-key</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">AIRFLOW__CORE__SQL_ALCHEMY_CONN</span> |
| <span class="nt">valueFrom</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">secretKeyRef</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">RELEASE-NAME-airflow-metadata</span> |
| <span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">connection</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">AIRFLOW_CONN_AIRFLOW_DB</span> |
| <span class="nt">valueFrom</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">secretKeyRef</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">RELEASE-NAME-airflow-metadata</span> |
| <span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">connection</span> |
| <span class="nt">envFrom</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p p-Indicator">[]</span> |
| <span class="nt">image</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">dummy_image</span> |
| <span class="nt">imagePullPolicy</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">IfNotPresent</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">base</span> |
| <span class="nt">ports</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p p-Indicator">[]</span> |
| <span class="nt">volumeMounts</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">mountPath</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"/opt/airflow/logs"</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">airflow-logs</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">mountPath</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">/opt/airflow/dags</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">airflow-dags</span> |
| <span class="nt">readOnly</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">false</span> |
| <span class="nt">hostNetwork</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">false</span> |
| <span class="nt">restartPolicy</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Never</span> |
| <span class="nt">securityContext</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">runAsUser</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">50000</span> |
| <span class="nt">fsGroup</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">50000</span> |
| <span class="nt">nodeSelector</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">{}</span> |
| <span class="nt">affinity</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">{}</span> |
| <span class="nt">tolerations</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">[]</span> |
| <span class="nt">serviceAccountName</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">'RELEASE-NAME-worker-serviceaccount'</span> |
| <span class="nt">volumes</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">airflow-dags</span> |
| <span class="nt">emptyDir</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p p-Indicator">{}</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">emptyDir</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p p-Indicator">{}</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">airflow-logs</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">configMap</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">RELEASE-NAME-airflow-config</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">airflow-config</span> |
| <span class="p p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="nt">configMap</span><span class="p">:</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">RELEASE-NAME-airflow-config</span> |
| <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">airflow-local-settings</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="pod-override"> |
| <span id="concepts-pod-override"></span><h2>pod_override<a class="headerlink" href="#pod-override" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>When using the KubernetesExecutor, Airflow offers the ability to override system defaults on a per-task basis. |
| To utilize this functionality, create a Kubernetes V1pod object and fill in your desired overrides. |
| Please note that the scheduler will override the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">metadata.name</span></code> of the V1pod before launching it.</p> |
| <p>To overwrite the base container of the pod launched by the KubernetesExecutor, |
| create a V1pod with a single container, and overwrite the fields as follows:</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header example-header--with-button"><span class="example-title">airflow/example_dags/example_kubernetes_executor_config.py</span><a class="example-header-button viewcode-button reference internal" href="../_modules/airflow/example_dags/example_kubernetes_executor_config.html"><span>View Source</span></a></p> |
| <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> <span class="n">volume_task</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">PythonOperator</span><span class="p">(</span> |
| <span class="n">task_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"task_with_volume"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">python_callable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">test_volume_mount</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">executor_config</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="s2">"pod_override"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">k8s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">V1Pod</span><span class="p">(</span> |
| <span class="n">spec</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">k8s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">V1PodSpec</span><span class="p">(</span> |
| <span class="n">containers</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span> |
| <span class="n">k8s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">V1Container</span><span class="p">(</span> |
| <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"base"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">volume_mounts</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span> |
| <span class="n">k8s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">V1VolumeMount</span><span class="p">(</span> |
| <span class="n">mount_path</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"/foo/"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"example-kubernetes-test-volume"</span> |
| <span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="p">],</span> |
| <span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="p">],</span> |
| <span class="n">volumes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span> |
| <span class="n">k8s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">V1Volume</span><span class="p">(</span> |
| <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"example-kubernetes-test-volume"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">host_path</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">k8s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">V1HostPathVolumeSource</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"/tmp/"</span><span class="p">),</span> |
| <span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="p">],</span> |
| <span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="p">),</span> |
| <span class="p">},</span> |
| <span class="p">)</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <p>Note that volume mounts, environment variables, ports, and devices will all be extended instead of overwritten.</p> |
| <p>To add a sidecar container to the launched pod, create a V1pod with an empty first container with the |
| name <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">base</span></code> and a second container containing your desired sidecar.</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header example-header--with-button"><span class="example-title">airflow/example_dags/example_kubernetes_executor_config.py</span><a class="example-header-button viewcode-button reference internal" href="../_modules/airflow/example_dags/example_kubernetes_executor_config.html"><span>View Source</span></a></p> |
| <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sidecar_task</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">PythonOperator</span><span class="p">(</span> |
| <span class="n">task_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"task_with_sidecar"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">python_callable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">test_sharedvolume_mount</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">executor_config</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="s2">"pod_override"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">k8s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">V1Pod</span><span class="p">(</span> |
| <span class="n">spec</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">k8s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">V1PodSpec</span><span class="p">(</span> |
| <span class="n">containers</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span> |
| <span class="n">k8s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">V1Container</span><span class="p">(</span> |
| <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"base"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">volume_mounts</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span> |
| <span class="n">k8s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">V1VolumeMount</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mount_path</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"/shared/"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"shared-empty-dir"</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="p">],</span> |
| <span class="p">),</span> |
| <span class="n">k8s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">V1Container</span><span class="p">(</span> |
| <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"sidecar"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"ubuntu"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">args</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"echo </span><span class="se">\"</span><span class="s2">retrieved from mount</span><span class="se">\"</span><span class="s2"> > /shared/test.txt"</span><span class="p">],</span> |
| <span class="n">command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"bash"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"-cx"</span><span class="p">],</span> |
| <span class="n">volume_mounts</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span> |
| <span class="n">k8s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">V1VolumeMount</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mount_path</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"/shared/"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"shared-empty-dir"</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="p">],</span> |
| <span class="p">),</span> |
| <span class="p">],</span> |
| <span class="n">volumes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span> |
| <span class="n">k8s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">V1Volume</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"shared-empty-dir"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">empty_dir</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">k8s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">V1EmptyDirVolumeSource</span><span class="p">()),</span> |
| <span class="p">],</span> |
| <span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="p">),</span> |
| <span class="p">},</span> |
| <span class="p">)</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <p>You can also create custom <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pod_template_file</span></code> on a per-task basis so that you can recycle the same base values between multiple tasks. |
| This will replace the default <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pod_template_file</span></code> named in the airflow.cfg and then override that template using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pod_override</span></code>.</p> |
| <p>Here is an example of a task with both features:</p> |
| <div class="example-block-wrapper docutils container"> |
| <p class="example-header example-header--with-button"><span class="example-title">airflow/example_dags/example_kubernetes_executor_config.py</span><a class="example-header-button viewcode-button reference internal" href="../_modules/airflow/example_dags/example_kubernetes_executor_config.html"><span>View Source</span></a></p> |
| <div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">task_with_template</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">PythonOperator</span><span class="p">(</span> |
| <span class="n">task_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"task_with_template"</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">python_callable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">print_stuff</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">executor_config</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span> |
| <span class="s2">"pod_template_file"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">AIRFLOW_HOME</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"pod_templates/basic_template.yaml"</span><span class="p">),</span> |
| <span class="s2">"pod_override"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">k8s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">V1Pod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">metadata</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">k8s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">V1ObjectMeta</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">labels</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="s2">"release"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">"stable"</span><span class="p">})),</span> |
| <span class="p">},</span> |
| <span class="p">)</span> |
| </pre></div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="kubernetesexecutor-architecture"> |
| <h2>KubernetesExecutor Architecture<a class="headerlink" href="#kubernetesexecutor-architecture" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>The KubernetesExecutor runs as a process in the Scheduler that only requires access to the Kubernetes API (it does <em>not</em> need to run inside of a Kubernetes cluster). The KubernetesExecutor requires a non-sqlite database in the backend, but there are no external brokers or persistent workers needed. |
| For these reasons, we recommend the KubernetesExecutor for deployments have long periods of dormancy between DAG execution.</p> |
| <p>When a DAG submits a task, the KubernetesExecutor requests a worker pod from the Kubernetes API. The worker pod then runs the task, reports the result, and terminates.</p> |
| <img alt="../_images/arch-diag-kubernetes.png" src="../_images/arch-diag-kubernetes.png" /> |
| <p>In contrast to the Celery Executor, the Kubernetes Executor does not require additional components such as Redis and Flower, but does require the Kubernetes infrastructure.</p> |
| <p>One example of an Airflow deployment running on a distributed set of five nodes in a Kubernetes cluster is shown below.</p> |
| <img alt="../_images/arch-diag-kubernetes2.png" src="../_images/arch-diag-kubernetes2.png" /> |
| <p>The Kubernetes Executor has an advantage over the Celery Executor in that Pods are only spun up when required for task execution compared to the Celery Executor where the workers are statically configured and are running all the time, regardless of workloads. However, this could be a disadvantage depending on the latency needs, since a task takes longer to start using the Kubernetes Executor, since it now includes the Pod startup time.</p> |
| <p>Consistent with the regular Airflow architecture, the Workers need access to the DAG files to execute the tasks within those DAGs and interact with the Metadata repository. Also, configuration information specific to the Kubernetes Executor, such as the worker namespace and image information, needs to be specified in the Airflow Configuration file.</p> |
| <p>Additionally, the Kubernetes Executor enables specification of additional features on a per-task basis using the Executor config.</p> |
| <img alt="../_images/k8s-happy-path.png" src="../_images/k8s-happy-path.png" /> |
| <div class="section" id="fault-tolerance"> |
| <h3>Fault Tolerance<a class="headerlink" href="#fault-tolerance" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> |
| <div class="section" id="handling-worker-pod-crashes"> |
| <h4>Handling Worker Pod Crashes<a class="headerlink" href="#handling-worker-pod-crashes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4> |
| <p>When dealing with distributed systems, we need a system that assumes that any component can crash at any moment for reasons ranging from OOM errors to node upgrades.</p> |
| <p>In the case where a worker dies before it can report its status to the backend DB, the executor can use a Kubernetes watcher thread to discover the failed pod.</p> |
| <img alt="../_images/k8s-failed-pod.png" src="../_images/k8s-failed-pod.png" /> |
| <p>A Kubernetes watcher is a thread that can subscribe to every change that occurs in Kubernetes’ database. It is alerted when pods start, run, end, and fail. |
| By monitoring this stream, the KubernetesExecutor can discover that the worker crashed and correctly report the task as failed.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="section" id="but-what-about-cases-where-the-scheduler-pod-crashes"> |
| <h4>But What About Cases Where the Scheduler Pod Crashes?<a class="headerlink" href="#but-what-about-cases-where-the-scheduler-pod-crashes" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h4> |
| <p>In cases of scheduler crashes, we can completely rebuild the state of the scheduler using the watcher’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">resourceVersion</span></code>.</p> |
| <p>When monitoring the Kubernetes cluster’s watcher thread, each event has a monotonically rising number called a resourceVersion. |
| Every time the executor reads a resourceVersion, the executor stores the latest value in the backend database. |
| Because the resourceVersion is stored, the scheduler can restart and continue reading the watcher stream from where it left off. |
| Since the tasks are run independently of the executor and report results directly to the database, scheduler failures will not lead to task failures or re-runs.</p> |
| </div> |
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