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| Configuring Transports |
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| Detecting Dead Connections |
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| Detecting Slow Consumers |
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| Detecting Broker Issues (Critical Analysis) |
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| Resource Manager Configuration |
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| Flow Control |
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| Guarantees of sends and commits |
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| Message Redelivery and Undelivered Messages |
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| Message Expiry |
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| Large Messages |
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| Paging |
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| Scheduled Messages |
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| Last-Value Queues |
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| Ring Queues |
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| Retroactive Addresses |
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| Exclusive Queues |
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| Message Grouping |
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| Consumer Priority |
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| Extra Acknowledge Modes |
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| Management |
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| Management Console |
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| Metrics |
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| Security |
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| Masking Passwords |
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| Broker Plugins |
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| Resource Limits |
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| <a href="jms-bridge.html"> |
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| The JMS Bridge |
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| Client Reconnection and Session Reattachment |
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| <a href="diverts.html"> |
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| Diverting and Splitting Message Flows |
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| Core Bridges |
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| <a href="transformers.html"> |
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| Transformers |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.58" data-path="duplicate-detection.html"> |
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| <a href="duplicate-detection.html"> |
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| Duplicate Message Detection |
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| </a> |
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| <a href="clusters.html"> |
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| Clusters |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.60" data-path="federation.html"> |
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| <a href="federation.html"> |
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| Federation |
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| <a href="federation-address.html"> |
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| Address Federation |
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| </a> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.60.2" data-path="federation-queue.html"> |
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| <a href="federation-queue.html"> |
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| Queue Federation |
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| </a> |
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| <a href="ha.html"> |
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| High Availability and Failover |
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| </a> |
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| <a href="graceful-shutdown.html"> |
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| Graceful Server Shutdown |
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| </a> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.63" data-path="libaio.html"> |
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| <a href="libaio.html"> |
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| Libaio Native Libraries |
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| </a> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.64" data-path="thread-pooling.html"> |
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| <a href="thread-pooling.html"> |
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| Thread management |
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| </a> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.65" data-path="web-server.html"> |
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| <a href="web-server.html"> |
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| Embedded Web Server |
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| </a> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.66" data-path="logging.html"> |
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| <a href="logging.html"> |
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| Logging |
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| <a href="rest.html"> |
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| REST Interface |
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| </a> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.68" data-path="embedding-activemq.html"> |
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| <a href="embedding-activemq.html"> |
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| Embedding the Broker |
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| </a> |
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| <a href="karaf.html"> |
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| Apache Karaf |
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| Apache Tomcat |
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| Spring Integration |
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| <a href="cdi-integration.html"> |
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| CDI Integration |
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| </a> |
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| <li class="chapter " data-level="1.73" data-path="intercepting-operations.html"> |
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| <a href="intercepting-operations.html"> |
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| Intercepting Operations |
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| </a> |
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| <a href="data-tools.html"> |
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| Data Tools |
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| <a href="." >Message Redelivery and Undelivered Messages</a> |
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| <h1 id="message-redelivery-and-undelivered-messages">Message Redelivery and Undelivered Messages</h1> |
| <p>Messages can be delivered unsuccessfully (e.g. if the transacted session |
| used to consume them is rolled back). Such a message goes back to its |
| queue ready to be redelivered. However, this means it is possible for a |
| message to be delivered again and again without success thus remaining |
| in the queue indefinitely, clogging the system.</p> |
| <p>There are 2 ways to deal with these undelivered messages:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li><p>Delayed redelivery.</p> |
| <p>It is possible to delay messages redelivery. This gives the client some |
| time to recover from any transient failures and to prevent overloading |
| its network or CPU resources.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li><p>Dead Letter Address.</p> |
| <p>It is also possible to configure a dead letter address so that after |
| a specified number of unsuccessful deliveries, messages are removed |
| from their queue and sent to the dead letter address. These messages |
| will not be delivered again from this queue.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>Both options can be combined for maximum flexibility.</p> |
| <h2 id="delayed-redelivery">Delayed Redelivery</h2> |
| <p>Delaying redelivery can often be useful in cases where clients regularly |
| fail or rollback. Without a delayed redelivery, the system can get into a |
| "thrashing" state, with delivery being attempted, the client rolling back, |
| and delivery being re-attempted ad infinitum in quick succession, |
| consuming valuable CPU and network resources.</p> |
| <h3 id="configuring-delayed-redelivery">Configuring Delayed Redelivery</h3> |
| <p>Delayed redelivery is defined in the address-setting configuration:</p> |
| <pre><code class="lang-xml"><span class="hljs-comment"><!-- delay redelivery of messages for 5s --></span> |
| <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">address-setting</span> <span class="hljs-attr">match</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"exampleQueue"</span>></span> |
| <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- default is 1.0 --></span> |
| <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">redelivery-delay-multiplier</span>></span>1.5<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">redelivery-delay-multiplier</span>></span> |
| <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- default is 0 (no delay) --></span> |
| <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">redelivery-delay</span>></span>5000<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">redelivery-delay</span>></span> |
| <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- default is 0.0) --></span> |
| <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">redelivery-collision-avoidance-factor</span>></span>0.15<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">redelivery-collision-avoidance-factor</span>></span> |
| <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- default is redelivery-delay * 10 --></span> |
| <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">max-redelivery-delay</span>></span>50000<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">max-redelivery-delay</span>></span> |
| <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">address-setting</span>></span> |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>If a <code>redelivery-delay</code> is specified, Apache ActiveMQ Artemis will wait this delay |
| before redelivering the messages.</p> |
| <p>By default, there is no redelivery delay (<code>redelivery-delay</code>is set to |
| 0).</p> |
| <p>Other subsequent messages will be delivery regularly, only the cancelled |
| message will be sent asynchronously back to the queue after the delay.</p> |
| <p>You can specify a multiplier (the <code>redelivery-delay-multiplier</code>) that will |
| take effect on top of the <code>redelivery-delay</code>. Each time a message is redelivered |
| the delay period will be equal to the previous delay <em> <code>redelivery-delay-multiplier</code>. |
| A <code>max-redelivery-delay</code> can be set to prevent the delay from becoming too large. |
| The <code>max-redelivery-delay</code> is defaulted to <code>redelivery-delay</code> \</em> 10.</p> |
| <p><strong>Example:</strong></p> |
| <ul> |
| <li><p>redelivery-delay=5000, redelivery-delay-multiplier=2, max-redelivery-delay=15000, |
| redelivery-collision-avoidance-factor=0.0</p> |
| </li> |
| <li><p>Delivery Attempt 1. (Unsuccessful)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li>Wait Delay Period: 5000</li> |
| <li>Delivery Attempt 2. (Unsuccessful)</li> |
| <li>Wait Delay Period: 10000 // (5000 * 2) < max-delay-period. Use 10000</li> |
| <li>Delivery Attempt 3: (Unsuccessful)</li> |
| <li>Wait Delay Period: 15000 // (10000 * 2) > max-delay-period: Use max-delay-delivery</li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>Address wildcards can be used to configure redelivery delay for a set of |
| addresses (see <a href="wildcard-syntax.html">Understanding the Wildcard Syntax</a>), so you don't have to specify redelivery delay |
| individually for each address.</p> |
| <p>The <code>redelivery-delay</code> can be also be modified by configuring the |
| <code>redelivery-collision-avoidance-factor</code>. This factor will be made either |
| positive or negative at random to control whether the ultimate value will |
| increase or decrease the <code>redelivery-delay</code>. Then it's multiplied by a random |
| number between 0.0 and 1.0. This result is then multiplied by the |
| <code>redelivery-delay</code> and then added to the <code>redelivery-delay</code> to arrive at the |
| final value.</p> |
| <p>The algorithm may sound complicated but the bottom line is quite simple: the |
| larger <code>redelivery-collision-avoidance-factor</code> you choose the larger the variance |
| of the <code>redelivery-delay</code> will be. The <code>redelivery-collision-avoidance-factor</code> |
| must be between 0.0 and 1.0.</p> |
| <p><strong>Example:</strong></p> |
| <ul> |
| <li><p>redelivery-delay=1000, redelivery-delay-multiplier=1, max-redelivery-delay=15000, |
| redelivery-collision-avoidance-factor=0.5, (bold values chosen using |
| <code>java.util.Random</code>)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li><p>Delivery Attempt 1. (Unsuccessful)</p> |
| </li> |
| <li>Wait Delay Period: 875 // 1000 + (1000 <em> ((0.5 \</em> <strong>-1</strong>) * <strong>.25</strong>)</li> |
| <li>Delivery Attempt 2. (Unsuccessful)</li> |
| <li>Wait Delay Period: 1375 // 1000 + (1000 <em> ((0.5 \</em> <strong>1</strong>) * <strong>.75</strong>)</li> |
| <li>Delivery Attempt 3: (Unsuccessful)</li> |
| <li>Wait Delay Period: 975 // 1000 + (1000 <em> ((0.5 \</em> <strong>-1</strong>) * <strong>.05</strong>)</li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>This feature can be particularly useful in environments where there are |
| multiple consumers on the same queue all interacting transactionally |
| with the same external system (e.g. a database). If there is overlapping |
| data in messages which are consumed concurrently then one transaction can |
| succeed while all the rest fail. If those failed messages are redelivered |
| at the same time then this process where one consumer succeeds and the |
| rest fail will continue. By randomly padding the redelivery-delay by a |
| small, configurable amount these redelivery "collisions" can be avoided.</p> |
| <h3 id="example">Example</h3> |
| <p>See <a href="examples.html">the examples chapter</a> for an example which shows how |
| delayed redelivery is configured and used with JMS.</p> |
| <h2 id="dead-letter-addresses">Dead Letter Addresses</h2> |
| <p>To prevent a client infinitely receiving the same undelivered message |
| (regardless of what is causing the unsuccessful deliveries), messaging |
| systems define <em>dead letter addresses</em>: after a specified unsuccessful |
| delivery attempts, the message is removed from its queue and sent |
| to a dead letter address.</p> |
| <p>Any such messages can then be diverted to queue(s) where they can later |
| be perused by the system administrator for action to be taken.</p> |
| <p>Apache ActiveMQ Artemis's addresses can be assigned a dead letter address. Once the |
| messages have been unsuccessfully delivered for a given number of |
| attempts, they are removed from their queue and sent to the relevant |
| dead letter address. These <em>dead letter</em> messages can later be consumed |
| from the dead letter address for further inspection.</p> |
| <h3 id="configuring-dead-letter-addresses">Configuring Dead Letter Addresses</h3> |
| <p>Dead letter address is defined in the address-setting configuration:</p> |
| <pre><code class="lang-xml"><span class="hljs-comment"><!-- undelivered messages in exampleQueue will be sent to the dead letter address |
| deadLetterQueue after 3 unsuccessful delivery attempts --></span> |
| <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">address-setting</span> <span class="hljs-attr">match</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"exampleQueue"</span>></span> |
| <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">dead-letter-address</span>></span>deadLetterAddress<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">dead-letter-address</span>></span> |
| <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">max-delivery-attempts</span>></span>3<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">max-delivery-attempts</span>></span> |
| <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">address-setting</span>></span> |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>If a <code>dead-letter-address</code> is not specified, messages will removed after |
| <code>max-delivery-attempts</code> unsuccessful attempts.</p> |
| <p>By default, messages are redelivered 10 times at the maximum. Set |
| <code>max-delivery-attempts</code> to -1 for infinite redeliveries.</p> |
| <p>A <code>dead letter address</code> can be set globally for a set of matching |
| addresses and you can set <code>max-delivery-attempts</code> to -1 for a specific |
| address setting to allow infinite redeliveries only for this address.</p> |
| <p>Address wildcards can be used to configure dead letter settings for a |
| set of addresses (see <a href="wildcard-syntax.html">Understanding the Wildcard Syntax</a>).</p> |
| <h3 id="dead-letter-properties">Dead Letter Properties</h3> |
| <p>Dead letter messages which are consumed from a dead letter address have |
| the following properties:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li><p><code>_AMQ_ORIG_ADDRESS</code></p> |
| <p>a String property containing the <em>original address</em> of the dead |
| letter message</p> |
| </li> |
| <li><p><code>_AMQ_ORIG_QUEUE</code></p> |
| <p>a String property containing the <em>original queue</em> of the dead letter |
| message</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| <h3 id="automatically-creating-dead-letter-resources">Automatically Creating Dead Letter Resources</h3> |
| <p>It's common to segregate undelivered messages by their original address. |
| For example, a message sent to the <code>stocks</code> address that couldn't be |
| delivered for some reason might be ultimately routed to the <code>DLQ.stocks</code> |
| queue, and likewise a message sent to the <code>orders</code> address that couldn't |
| be delivered might be routed to the <code>DLQ.orders</code> queue.</p> |
| <p>Using this pattern can make it easy to track and administrate |
| undelivered messages. However, it can pose a challenge in environments |
| which predominantly use auto-created addresses and queues. Typically |
| administrators in those environments don't want to manually create |
| an <code>address-setting</code> to configure the <code>dead-letter-address</code> much less |
| the actual <code>address</code> and <code>queue</code> to hold the undelivered messages.</p> |
| <p>The solution to this problem is to set the <code>auto-create-dead-letter-resources</code> |
| <code>address-setting</code> to <code>true</code> (it's <code>false</code> by default) so that the |
| broker will create the <code>address</code> and <code>queue</code> to deal with the |
| undelivered messages automatically. The <code>address</code> created will be the |
| one defined by the <code>dead-letter-address</code>. A <code>MULTICAST</code> <code>queue</code> will be |
| created on that <code>address</code>. It will be named by the <code>address</code> to which |
| the message was originally sent, and it will have a filter defined using |
| the aforementioned <code>_AMQ_ORIG_ADDRESS</code> property so that it will only |
| receive messages sent to the relevant <code>address</code>. The <code>queue</code> name can be |
| configured with a prefix and suffix. See the relevant settings in the |
| table below:</p> |
| <table> |
| <thead> |
| <tr> |
| <th><code>address-setting</code></th> |
| <th>default</th> |
| </tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td><code>dead-letter-queue-prefix</code></td> |
| <td><code>DLQ.</code></td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><code>dead-letter-queue-suffix</code></td> |
| <td>`` (empty string)</td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| <p>Here is an example configuration:</p> |
| <pre><code class="lang-xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">address-setting</span> <span class="hljs-attr">match</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"#"</span>></span> |
| <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">dead-letter-address</span>></span>DLA<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">dead-letter-address</span>></span> |
| <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">max-delivery-attempts</span>></span>3<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">max-delivery-attempts</span>></span> |
| <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">auto-create-dead-letter-resources</span>></span>true<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">auto-create-dead-letter-resources</span>></span> |
| <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">dead-letter-queue-prefix</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">dead-letter-queue-prefix</span>></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- override the default --></span> |
| <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">dead-letter-queue-suffix</span>></span>.DLQ<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">dead-letter-queue-suffix</span>></span> |
| <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">address-setting</span>></span> |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>The queue holding the undeliverable messages can be accessed directly |
| either by using the queue's name by itself (e.g. when using the core |
| client) or by using the fully qualified queue name (e.g. when using |
| a JMS client) just like any other queue. Also, note that the queue is |
| auto-created which means it will be auto-deleted as per the relevant |
| <code>address-settings</code>.</p> |
| <h3 id="example">Example</h3> |
| <p>See: Dead Letter section of the <a href="examples.html">Examples</a> for an example |
| that shows how dead letter resources can be statically configured and |
| used with JMS.</p> |
| <h2 id="delivery-count-persistence">Delivery Count Persistence</h2> |
| <p>In normal use, Apache ActiveMQ Artemis does not update delivery count <em>persistently</em> |
| until a message is rolled back (i.e. the delivery count is not updated |
| <em>before</em> the message is delivered to the consumer). In most messaging |
| use cases, the messages are consumed, acknowledged and forgotten as soon |
| as they are consumed. In these cases, updating the delivery count |
| persistently before delivering the message would add an extra persistent |
| step <em>for each message delivered</em>, implying a significant performance |
| penalty.</p> |
| <p>However, if the delivery count is not updated persistently before the |
| message delivery happens, in the event of a server crash, messages might |
| have been delivered but that will not have been reflected in the |
| delivery count. During the recovery phase, the server will not have |
| knowledge of that and will deliver the message with <code>redelivered</code> set to |
| <code>false</code> while it should be <code>true</code>.</p> |
| <p>As this behavior breaks strict JMS semantics, Apache ActiveMQ Artemis allows to persist |
| delivery count before message delivery but this feature is disabled by default |
| due to performance implications.</p> |
| <p>To enable it, set <code>persist-delivery-count-before-delivery</code> to <code>true</code> in |
| <code>broker.xml</code>:</p> |
| <pre><code class="lang-xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">persist-delivery-count-before-delivery</span>></span>true<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">persist-delivery-count-before-delivery</span>></span> |
| </code></pre> |
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