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| Core Bridges |
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| Transformers |
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| Duplicate Message Detection |
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| Clusters |
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| Federation |
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| Address Federation |
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| Queue Federation |
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| High Availability and Failover |
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| Graceful Server Shutdown |
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| Libaio Native Libraries |
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| Thread management |
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| Embedded Web Server |
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| Logging |
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| REST Interface |
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| Embedding the Broker |
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| Apache Karaf |
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| Apache Tomcat |
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| Spring Integration |
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| CDI Integration |
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| Intercepting Operations |
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| Data Tools |
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| <a href="." >Thread management</a> |
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| <h1 id="thread-management">Thread management</h1> |
| <p>This chapter describes how Apache ActiveMQ Artemis uses and pools threads and how you |
| can manage them.</p> |
| <p>First we'll discuss how threads are managed and used on the server side, |
| then we'll look at the client side.</p> |
| <h2 id="server-side-thread-management">Server-Side Thread Management</h2> |
| <p>Each Apache ActiveMQ Artemis Server maintains a single thread pool for general use, and |
| a scheduled thread pool for scheduled use. A Java scheduled thread pool |
| cannot be configured to use a standard thread pool, otherwise we could |
| use a single thread pool for both scheduled and non scheduled activity.</p> |
| <p>Apache ActiveMQ Artemis will, by default, cap its thread pool |
| at three times the number of cores (or hyper-threads) as reported by <code>Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()</code> for processing |
| incoming packets. To override this value, you can set the number of |
| threads by specifying the parameter <code>nioRemotingThreads</code> in the |
| transport configuration. See the <a href="configuring-transports.html">configuring transports</a> |
| for more information on this.</p> |
| <p>There are also a small number of other places where threads are used |
| directly, we'll discuss each in turn.</p> |
| <h3 id="server-scheduled-thread-pool">Server Scheduled Thread Pool</h3> |
| <p>The server scheduled thread pool is used for most activities on the |
| server side that require running periodically or with delays. It maps |
| internally to a <code>java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor</code> |
| instance.</p> |
| <p>The maximum number of thread used by this pool is configure in |
| <code>broker.xml</code> with the <code>scheduled-thread-pool-max-size</code> |
| parameter. The default value is <code>5</code> threads. A small number of threads |
| is usually sufficient for this pool.</p> |
| <h3 id="general-purpose-server-thread-pool">General Purpose Server Thread Pool</h3> |
| <p>This general purpose thread pool is used for most asynchronous actions |
| on the server side. It maps internally to a |
| <code>java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor</code> instance.</p> |
| <p>The maximum number of thread used by this pool is configure in |
| <code>broker.xml</code> with the <code>thread-pool-max-size</code> parameter.</p> |
| <p>If a value of <code>-1</code> is used this signifies that the thread pool has no |
| upper bound and new threads will be created on demand if there are not |
| enough threads available to satisfy a request. If activity later |
| subsides then threads are timed-out and closed.</p> |
| <p>If a value of <code>n</code> where <code>n</code>is a positive integer greater than zero is |
| used this signifies that the thread pool is bounded. If more requests |
| come in and there are no free threads in the pool and the pool is full |
| then requests will block until a thread becomes available. It is |
| recommended that a bounded thread pool is used with caution since it can |
| lead to dead-lock situations if the upper bound is chosen to be too low.</p> |
| <p>The default value for <code>thread-pool-max-size</code> is <code>30</code>.</p> |
| <p>See the <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/ThreadPoolExecutor.html" target="_blank">J2SE |
| javadoc</a> |
| for more information on unbounded (cached), and bounded (fixed) thread |
| pools.</p> |
| <h3 id="expiry-reaper-thread">Expiry Reaper Thread</h3> |
| <p>A single thread is also used on the server side to scan for expired |
| messages in queues. We cannot use either of the thread pools for this |
| since this thread needs to run at its own configurable priority.</p> |
| <p>For more information on configuring the reaper, please see <a href="message-expiry.html">message expiry</a>.</p> |
| <h3 id="asynchronous-io">Asynchronous IO</h3> |
| <p>Asynchronous IO has a thread pool for receiving and dispatching events |
| out of the native layer. You will find it on a thread dump with the |
| prefix ActiveMQ-AIO-poller-pool. Apache ActiveMQ Artemis uses one thread per opened |
| file on the journal (there is usually one).</p> |
| <p>There is also a single thread used to invoke writes on libaio. We do |
| that to avoid context switching on libaio that would cause performance |
| issues. You will find this thread on a thread dump with the prefix |
| ActiveMQ-AIO-writer-pool.</p> |
| <h2 id="client-side-thread-management">Client-Side Thread Management</h2> |
| <p>On the client side, Apache ActiveMQ Artemis maintains a single, "global" |
| static scheduled thread pool and a single, "global" static general thread |
| pool for use by all clients using the same classloader in that JVM instance.</p> |
| <p>The static scheduled thread pool has a maximum size of <code>5</code> threads by |
| default. This can be changed using the <code>scheduledThreadPoolMaxSize</code> URI |
| parameter.</p> |
| <p>The general purpose thread pool has an unbounded maximum size. This is |
| changed using the <code>threadPoolMaxSize</code> URL parameter.</p> |
| <p>If required Apache ActiveMQ Artemis can also be configured so that each |
| <code>ClientSessionFactory</code> instance does not use these "global" static pools but |
| instead maintains its own scheduled and general purpose pool. Any |
| sessions created from that <code>ClientSessionFactory</code> will use those pools |
| instead. This is configured using the <code>useGlobalPools</code> boolean URL parameter.</p> |
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