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| <h1> |
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| <a href="." >Using Core</a> |
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| <h1 id="using-core">Using Core</h1> |
| <p>Apache ActiveMQ Artemis core is a completely JMS-agnostic messaging system with its own |
| API. We call this the <em>core API</em>.</p> |
| <p>If you don't want to use JMS or other protocols you can use the core API directly. The core |
| API provides all the functionality of JMS but without much of the |
| complexity. It also provides features that are not available using JMS.</p> |
| <h2 id="core-messaging-concepts">Core Messaging Concepts</h2> |
| <p>Some of the core messaging concepts are similar to JMS concepts, but |
| core messaging concepts differ in some ways. In general the core |
| messaging API is simpler than the JMS API, since we remove distinctions |
| between queues, topics and subscriptions. We'll discuss each of the |
| major core messaging concepts in turn, but to see the API in detail, |
| please consult the Javadoc.</p> |
| <h3 id="message">Message</h3> |
| <ul> |
| <li><p>A message is the unit of data which is sent between clients and |
| servers.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li><p>A message has a body which is a buffer containing convenient methods |
| for reading and writing data into it.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li><p>A message has a set of properties which are key-value pairs. Each |
| property key is a string and property values can be of type integer, |
| long, short, byte, byte[], String, double, float or boolean.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li><p>A message has an <em>address</em> it is being sent to. When the message |
| arrives on the server it is routed to any queues that are bound to |
| the address - if the queues are bound with any filter, the message |
| will only be routed to that queue if the filter matches. An address |
| may have many queues bound to it or even none. There may also be |
| entities other than queues, like <em>diverts</em> bound to addresses.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li><p>Messages can be either durable or non durable. Durable messages in a |
| durable queue will survive a server crash or restart. Non durable |
| messages will never survive a server crash or restart.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li><p>Messages can be specified with a priority value between 0 and 9. 0 |
| represents the lowest priority and 9 represents the highest. |
| Apache ActiveMQ Artemis will attempt to deliver higher priority messages before |
| lower priority ones.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li><p>Messages can be specified with an optional expiry time. Apache ActiveMQ Artemis |
| will not deliver messages after its expiry time has been exceeded.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li><p>Messages also have an optional timestamp which represents the time |
| the message was sent.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li><p>Apache ActiveMQ Artemis also supports the sending/consuming of very large messages |
| much larger than can fit in available RAM at any one time.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| <h3 id="address">Address</h3> |
| <p>A server maintains a mapping between an address and a set of queues. |
| Zero or more queues can be bound to a single address. Each queue can be |
| bound with an optional message filter. When a message is routed, it is |
| routed to the set of queues bound to the message's address. If any of |
| the queues are bound with a filter expression, then the message will |
| only be routed to the subset of bound queues which match that filter |
| expression.</p> |
| <p>Other entities, such as <em>diverts</em> can also be bound to an address and |
| messages will also be routed there.</p> |
| <blockquote> |
| <p><strong>Note</strong></p> |
| <p>In core, there is no concept of a Topic, Topic is a JMS only term. |
| Instead, in core, we just deal with <em>addresses</em> and <em>queues</em>.</p> |
| <p>For example, a JMS topic would be implemented by a single address to |
| which many queues are bound. Each queue represents a subscription of |
| the topic. A JMS Queue would be implemented as a single address to |
| which one queue is bound - that queue represents the JMS queue.</p> |
| </blockquote> |
| <h3 id="queue">Queue</h3> |
| <p>Queues can be durable, meaning the messages they contain survive a |
| server crash or restart, as long as the messages in them are durable. |
| Non durable queues do not survive a server restart or crash even if the |
| messages they contain are durable.</p> |
| <p>Queues can also be temporary, meaning they are automatically deleted |
| when the client connection is closed, if they are not explicitly deleted |
| before that.</p> |
| <p>Queues can be bound with an optional filter expression. If a filter |
| expression is supplied then the server will only route messages that |
| match that filter expression to any queues bound to the address.</p> |
| <p>Many queues can be bound to a single address. A particular queue is only |
| bound to a maximum of one address.</p> |
| <h3 id="serverlocator">ServerLocator</h3> |
| <p>Clients use <code>ServerLocator</code> instances to create <code>ClientSessionFactory</code> |
| instances. <code>ServerLocator</code> instances are used to locate servers and |
| create connections to them.</p> |
| <p>In JMS terms think of a <code>ServerLocator</code> in the same way you would a JMS |
| Connection Factory.</p> |
| <p><code>ServerLocator</code> instances are created using the <code>ActiveMQClient</code> factory |
| class.</p> |
| <h3 id="clientsessionfactory">ClientSessionFactory</h3> |
| <p>Clients use <code>ClientSessionFactory</code> instances to create <code>ClientSession</code> |
| instances. <code>ClientSessionFactory</code> instances are basically the connection |
| to a server</p> |
| <p>In JMS terms think of them as JMS Connections.</p> |
| <p><code>ClientSessionFactory</code> instances are created using the <code>ServerLocator</code> |
| class.</p> |
| <h3 id="clientsession">ClientSession</h3> |
| <p>A client uses a ClientSession for consuming and producing messages and |
| for grouping them in transactions. ClientSession instances can support |
| both transactional and non transactional semantics and also provide an |
| <code>XAResource</code> interface so messaging operations can be performed as part |
| of a |
| <a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javaee/tech/jta-138684.html" target="_blank">JTA</a> |
| transaction.</p> |
| <p>ClientSession instances group ClientConsumers and ClientProducers.</p> |
| <p>ClientSession instances can be registered with an optional |
| <code>SendAcknowledgementHandler</code>. This allows your client code to be |
| notified asynchronously when sent messages have successfully reached the |
| server. This unique Apache ActiveMQ Artemis feature, allows you to have full guarantees |
| that sent messages have reached the server without having to block on |
| each message sent until a response is received. Blocking on each |
| messages sent is costly since it requires a network round trip for each |
| message sent. By not blocking and receiving send acknowledgements |
| asynchronously you can create true end to end asynchronous systems which |
| is not possible using the standard JMS API. For more information on this |
| advanced feature please see the section <a href="send-guarantees.html">Guarantees of sends and commits</a>.</p> |
| <h3 id="clientconsumer">ClientConsumer</h3> |
| <p>Clients use <code>ClientConsumer</code> instances to consume messages from a queue. |
| Core Messaging supports both synchronous and asynchronous message |
| consumption semantics. <code>ClientConsumer</code> instances can be configured with |
| an optional filter expression and will only consume messages which match |
| that expression.</p> |
| <h3 id="clientproducer">ClientProducer</h3> |
| <p>Clients create <code>ClientProducer</code> instances on <code>ClientSession</code> instances |
| so they can send messages. ClientProducer instances can specify an |
| address to which all sent messages are routed, or they can have no |
| specified address, and the address is specified at send time for the |
| message.</p> |
| <blockquote> |
| <p><strong>Warning</strong></p> |
| <p>Please note that ClientSession, ClientProducer and ClientConsumer |
| instances are <em>designed to be re-used</em>.</p> |
| <p>It's an anti-pattern to create new ClientSession, ClientProducer and |
| ClientConsumer instances for each message you produce or consume. If |
| you do this, your application will perform very poorly. This is |
| discussed further in the section on performance tuning <a href="perf-tuning.html">Performance Tuning</a>.</p> |
| </blockquote> |
| <h2 id="a-simple-example-of-using-core">A simple example of using Core</h2> |
| <p>Here's a very simple program using the core messaging API to send and |
| receive a message. Logically it's comprised of two sections: firstly |
| setting up the producer to write a message to an <em>addresss</em>, and |
| secondly, creating a <em>queue</em> for the consumer, creating the consumer and |
| <em>starting</em> it.</p> |
| <pre><code class="lang-java">ServerLocator locator = ActiveMQClient.createServerLocatorWithoutHA(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> TransportConfiguration( |
| InVMConnectorFactory.class.getName())); |
| |
| <span class="hljs-comment">// In this simple example, we just use one session for both producing and receiving</span> |
| |
| ClientSessionFactory factory = locator.createClientSessionFactory(); |
| ClientSession session = factory.createSession(); |
| |
| <span class="hljs-comment">// A producer is associated with an address ...</span> |
| |
| ClientProducer producer = session.createProducer(<span class="hljs-string">"example"</span>); |
| ClientMessage message = session.createMessage(<span class="hljs-keyword">true</span>); |
| message.getBodyBuffer().writeString(<span class="hljs-string">"Hello"</span>); |
| |
| <span class="hljs-comment">// We need a queue attached to the address ...</span> |
| |
| session.createQueue(<span class="hljs-string">"example"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"example"</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">true</span>); |
| |
| <span class="hljs-comment">// And a consumer attached to the queue ...</span> |
| |
| ClientConsumer consumer = session.createConsumer(<span class="hljs-string">"example"</span>); |
| |
| <span class="hljs-comment">// Once we have a queue, we can send the message ...</span> |
| |
| producer.send(message); |
| |
| <span class="hljs-comment">// We need to start the session before we can -receive- messages ...</span> |
| |
| session.start(); |
| ClientMessage msgReceived = consumer.receive(); |
| |
| System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string">"message = "</span> + msgReceived.getBodyBuffer().readString()); |
| |
| session.close(); |
| </code></pre> |
| |
| |
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