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| <!-- Title --> |
| <h1> |
| <i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin"></i> |
| <a href="." >Message Grouping</a> |
| </h1> |
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| <h1 id="message-grouping">Message Grouping</h1> |
| <p>Message groups are sets of messages that have the following |
| characteristics:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li><p>Messages in a message group share the same group id, i.e. they have |
| same group identifier property (<code>JMSXGroupID</code> for JMS, |
| <code>_AMQ_GROUP_ID</code> for Apache ActiveMQ Artemis Core API).</p> |
| </li> |
| <li><p>Messages in a message group are always consumed by the same |
| consumer, even if there are many consumers on a queue. They pin all |
| messages with the same group id to the same consumer. If that |
| consumer closes another consumer is chosen and will receive all |
| messages with the same group id.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>Message groups are useful when you want all messages for a certain value |
| of the property to be processed serially by the same consumer.</p> |
| <p>An example might be orders for a certain stock. You may want orders for |
| any particular stock to be processed serially by the same consumer. To |
| do this you can create a pool of consumers (perhaps one for each stock, |
| but less will work too), then set the stock name as the value of the |
| _AMQ_GROUP_ID property.</p> |
| <p>This will ensure that all messages for a particular stock will always be |
| processed by the same consumer.</p> |
| <blockquote> |
| <p><strong>Note</strong></p> |
| <p>Grouped messages can impact the concurrent processing of non-grouped |
| messages due to the underlying FIFO semantics of a queue. For example, |
| if there is a chunk of 100 grouped messages at the head of a queue |
| followed by 1,000 non-grouped messages then all the grouped messages |
| will need to be sent to the appropriate client (which is consuming |
| those grouped messages serially) before any of the non-grouped |
| messages can be consumed. The functional impact in this scenario is a |
| temporary suspension of concurrent message processing while all the |
| grouped messages are processed. This can be a performance bottleneck |
| so keep it in mind when determining the size of your message groups, |
| and consider whether or not you should isolate your grouped messages |
| from your non-grouped messages.</p> |
| </blockquote> |
| <h2 id="using-core-api">Using Core API</h2> |
| <p>The property name used to identify the message group is <code>"_AMQ_GROUP_ID"</code> |
| (or the constant <code>MessageImpl.HDR_GROUP_ID</code>). Alternatively, you can set |
| <code>autogroup</code> to true on the <code>SessionFactory</code> which will pick a random |
| unique id.</p> |
| <h2 id="using-jms">Using JMS</h2> |
| <p>The property name used to identify the message group is <code>JMSXGroupID</code>.</p> |
| <pre><code> // send 2 messages in the same group to ensure the same |
| // consumer will receive both |
| Message message = ... |
| message.setStringProperty("JMSXGroupID", "Group-0"); |
| producer.send(message); |
| |
| message = ... |
| message.setStringProperty("JMSXGroupID", "Group-0"); |
| producer.send(message); |
| </code></pre><p>Alternatively, you can set <code>autogroup</code> to true on the |
| <code>ActiveMQConnectonFactory</code> which will pick a random unique id. This can |
| also be set in the JNDI context environment, e.g. <code>jndi.properties</code>. |
| Here's a simple example using the "ConnectionFactory" connection factory |
| which is available in the context by default</p> |
| <pre><code>java.naming.factory.initial=org.apache.activemq.artemis.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory |
| connectionFactory.myConnectionFactory=tcp://localhost:61616?autoGroup=true |
| </code></pre><p>Alternatively you can set the group id via the connection factory. All |
| messages sent with producers created via this connection factory will |
| set the <code>JMSXGroupID</code> to the specified value on all messages sent. This |
| can also be set in the JNDI context environment, e.g. <code>jndi.properties</code>. |
| Here's a simple example using the "ConnectionFactory" connection factory |
| which is available in the context by default:</p> |
| <pre><code>java.naming.factory.initial=org.apache.activemq.artemis.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory |
| connectionFactory.myConnectionFactory=tcp://localhost:61616?roupID=Group-0 |
| </code></pre><h2 id="example">Example</h2> |
| <p>See the [examples](examples.md} chapter for an example which shows how message groups are configured and used with JMS and via a connection factory.</p> |
| <h2 id="clustered-grouping">Clustered Grouping</h2> |
| <p>Using message groups in a cluster is a bit more complex. This is because |
| messages with a particular group id can arrive on any node so each node |
| needs to know about which group id's are bound to which consumer on |
| which node. The consumer handling messages for a particular group id may |
| be on a different node of the cluster, so each node needs to know this |
| information so it can route the message correctly to the node which has |
| that consumer.</p> |
| <p>To solve this there is the notion of a grouping handler. Each node will |
| have its own grouping handler and when a messages is sent with a group |
| id assigned, the handlers will decide between them which route the |
| message should take.</p> |
| <p>There are 2 types of handlers; Local and Remote. Each cluster should |
| choose 1 node to have a local grouping handler and all the other nodes |
| should have remote handlers- it's the local handler that actually makes |
| the decision as to what route should be used, all the other remote |
| handlers converse with this. Here is a sample config for both types of |
| handler, this should be configured in the <em>broker.xml</em> |
| file.</p> |
| <pre><code><grouping-handler name="my-grouping-handler"> |
| <type>LOCAL</type> |
| <address>jms</address> |
| <timeout>5000</timeout> |
| </grouping-handler> |
| |
| <grouping-handler name="my-grouping-handler"> |
| <type>REMOTE</type> |
| <address>jms</address> |
| <timeout>5000</timeout> |
| </grouping-handler> |
| </code></pre><p>The <em>address</em> attribute refers to a <a href="#clusters.address">cluster connection and the address |
| it uses</a>, refer to the clustering section on how to |
| configure clusters. The <em>timeout</em> attribute referees to how long to wait |
| for a decision to be made, an exception will be thrown during the send |
| if this timeout is reached, this ensures that strict ordering is kept.</p> |
| <p>The decision as to where a message should be routed to is initially |
| proposed by the node that receives the message. The node will pick a |
| suitable route as per the normal clustered routing conditions, i.e. |
| round robin available queues, use a local queue first and choose a queue |
| that has a consumer. If the proposal is accepted by the grouping |
| handlers the node will route messages to this queue from that point on, |
| if rejected an alternative route will be offered and the node will again |
| route to that queue indefinitely. All other nodes will also route to the |
| queue chosen at proposal time. Once the message arrives at the queue |
| then normal single server message group semantics take over and the |
| message is pinned to a consumer on that queue.</p> |
| <p>You may have noticed that there is a single point of failure with the |
| single local handler. If this node crashes then no decisions will be |
| able to be made. Any messages sent will be not be delivered and an |
| exception thrown. To avoid this happening Local Handlers can be |
| replicated on another backup node. Simple create your back up node and |
| configure it with the same Local handler.</p> |
| <h2 id="clustered-grouping-best-practices">Clustered Grouping Best Practices</h2> |
| <p>Some best practices should be followed when using clustered grouping:</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li><p>Make sure your consumers are distributed evenly across the different |
| nodes if possible. This is only an issue if you are creating and |
| closing consumers regularly. Since messages are always routed to the |
| same queue once pinned, removing a consumer from this queue may |
| leave it with no consumers meaning the queue will just keep |
| receiving the messages. Avoid closing consumers or make sure that |
| you always have plenty of consumers, i.e., if you have 3 nodes have |
| 3 consumers.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li><p>Use durable queues if possible. If queues are removed once a group |
| is bound to it, then it is possible that other nodes may still try |
| to route messages to it. This can be avoided by making sure that the |
| queue is deleted by the session that is sending the messages. This |
| means that when the next message is sent it is sent to the node |
| where the queue was deleted meaning a new proposal can successfully |
| take place. Alternatively you could just start using a different |
| group id.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li><p>Always make sure that the node that has the Local Grouping Handler |
| is replicated. These means that on failover grouping will still |
| occur.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li><p>In case you are using group-timeouts, the remote node should have a |
| smaller group-timeout with at least half of the value on the main |
| coordinator. This is because this will determine how often the |
| last-time-use value should be updated with a round trip for a |
| request to the group between the nodes.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| <h2 id="clustered-grouping-example">Clustered Grouping Example</h2> |
| <p>See the <a href="examples.html">examples</a> chapter for an example of how to configure message groups with a ActiveMQ Artemis Cluster.</p> |
| |
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