samples/dom/Writer.java - xerces2-j - Git at Google

 /*
  * The Apache Software License, Version 1.1
  *
  *
  * Copyright (c) 1999-2003 The Apache Software Foundation.  All rights
  * reserved.
  *
  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  * are met:
  *
  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  *
  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
  *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
  *    distribution.
  *
  * 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution,
  *    if any, must include the following acknowledgment:
  *       "This product includes software developed by the
  *        Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)."
  *    Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself,
  *    if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear.
  *
  * 4. The names "Xerces" and "Apache Software Foundation" must
  *    not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
  *    software without prior written permission. For written
  *    permission, please contact apache@apache.org.
  *
  * 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache",
  *    nor may "Apache" appear in their name, without prior written
  *    permission of the Apache Software Foundation.
  *
  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
  * WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
  * DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR
  * ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
  * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
  * USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
  * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
  * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
  * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  * ====================================================================
  *
  * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
  * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation and was
  * originally based on software copyright (c) 1999, International
  * Business Machines, Inc., http://www.apache.org.  For more
  * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
  * <http://www.apache.org/>.
  */

 package dom;

 import java.lang.reflect.Method;

 import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

 import org.w3c.dom.Attr;
 import org.w3c.dom.Document;
 import org.w3c.dom.DocumentType;
 import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
 import org.w3c.dom.Node;
 import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

 import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
 import org.xml.sax.SAXParseException;

 /**
  * A sample DOM writer. This sample program illustrates how to
  * traverse a DOM tree in order to print a document that is parsed.
  *
  * @author Andy Clark, IBM
  *
  * @version $Id$
  */
 public class Writer {

     //
     // Constants
     //

     // feature ids

     /** Namespaces feature id (http://xml.org/sax/features/namespaces). */
     protected static final String NAMESPACES_FEATURE_ID = "http://xml.org/sax/features/namespaces";

     /** Validation feature id (http://xml.org/sax/features/validation). */
     protected static final String VALIDATION_FEATURE_ID = "http://xml.org/sax/features/validation";

     /** Schema validation feature id (http://apache.org/xml/features/validation/schema). */
     protected static final String SCHEMA_VALIDATION_FEATURE_ID = "http://apache.org/xml/features/validation/schema";

     /** Schema full checking feature id (http://apache.org/xml/features/validation/schema-full-checking). */
     protected static final String SCHEMA_FULL_CHECKING_FEATURE_ID = "http://apache.org/xml/features/validation/schema-full-checking";

     // property ids

     /** Lexical handler property id (http://xml.org/sax/properties/lexical-handler). */
     protected static final String LEXICAL_HANDLER_PROPERTY_ID = "http://xml.org/sax/properties/lexical-handler";

     // default settings

     /** Default parser name. */
     protected static final String DEFAULT_PARSER_NAME = "dom.wrappers.Xerces";

     /** Default namespaces support (true). */
     protected static final boolean DEFAULT_NAMESPACES = true;

     /** Default validation support (false). */
     protected static final boolean DEFAULT_VALIDATION = false;

     /** Default Schema validation support (false). */
     protected static final boolean DEFAULT_SCHEMA_VALIDATION = false;

     /** Default Schema full checking support (false). */
     protected static final boolean DEFAULT_SCHEMA_FULL_CHECKING = false;

     /** Default canonical output (false). */
     protected static final boolean DEFAULT_CANONICAL = false;

     //
     // Data
     //

     /** Print writer. */
     protected PrintWriter fOut;

     /** Canonical output. */
     protected boolean fCanonical;

     /** Processing XML 1.1 document. */
     protected boolean fXML11;

     //
     // Constructors
     //

     /** Default constructor. */
     public Writer() {
     } // <init>()

     public Writer(boolean canonical) {
         fCanonical = canonical;
     } // <init>(boolean)

     //
     // Public methods
     //

     /** Sets whether output is canonical. */
     public void setCanonical(boolean canonical) {
         fCanonical = canonical;
     } // setCanonical(boolean)

     /** Sets the output stream for printing. */
     public void setOutput(OutputStream stream, String encoding)
         throws UnsupportedEncodingException {

         if (encoding == null) {
             encoding = "UTF8";
         }

         java.io.Writer writer = new OutputStreamWriter(stream, encoding);
         fOut = new PrintWriter(writer);

     } // setOutput(OutputStream,String)

     /** Sets the output writer. */
     public void setOutput(java.io.Writer writer) {

         fOut = writer instanceof PrintWriter
              ? (PrintWriter)writer : new PrintWriter(writer);

     } // setOutput(java.io.Writer)

     /** Writes the specified node, recursively. */
     public void write(Node node) {

         // is there anything to do?
         if (node == null) {
             return;
         }

         short type = node.getNodeType();
         switch (type) {
             case Node.DOCUMENT_NODE: {
                 Document document = (Document)node;
                 fXML11 = "1.1".equals(getVersion(document));
                 if (!fCanonical) {
                     if (fXML11) {
                         fOut.println("<?xml version=\"1.1\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>");
                     }
                     else {
                         fOut.println("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>");
                     }
                     fOut.flush();
                     write(document.getDoctype());
                 }
                 write(document.getDocumentElement());
                 break;
             }

             case Node.DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE: {
                 DocumentType doctype = (DocumentType)node;
                 fOut.print("<!DOCTYPE ");
                 fOut.print(doctype.getName());
                 String publicId = doctype.getPublicId();
                 String systemId = doctype.getSystemId();
                 if (publicId != null) {
                     fOut.print(" PUBLIC '");
                     fOut.print(publicId);
                     fOut.print("' '");
                     fOut.print(systemId);
                     fOut.print('\'');
                 }
                 else if (systemId != null) {
                     fOut.print(" SYSTEM '");
                     fOut.print(systemId);
                     fOut.print('\'');
                 }
                 String internalSubset = doctype.getInternalSubset();
                 if (internalSubset != null) {
                     fOut.println(" [");
                     fOut.print(internalSubset);
                     fOut.print(']');
                 }
                 fOut.println('>');
                 break;
             }

             case Node.ELEMENT_NODE: {
                 fOut.print('<');
                 fOut.print(node.getNodeName());
                 Attr attrs[] = sortAttributes(node.getAttributes());
                 for (int i = 0; i < attrs.length; i++) {
                     Attr attr = attrs[i];
                     fOut.print(' ');
                     fOut.print(attr.getNodeName());
                     fOut.print("=\"");
                     normalizeAndPrint(attr.getNodeValue(), true);
                     fOut.print('"');
                 }
                 fOut.print('>');
                 fOut.flush();

                 Node child = node.getFirstChild();
                 while (child != null) {
                     write(child);
                     child = child.getNextSibling();
                 }
                 break;
             }

             case Node.ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE: {
                 if (fCanonical) {
                     Node child = node.getFirstChild();
                     while (child != null) {
                         write(child);
                         child = child.getNextSibling();
                     }
                 }
                 else {
                     fOut.print('&');
                     fOut.print(node.getNodeName());
                     fOut.print(';');
                     fOut.flush();
                 }
                 break;
             }

             case Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE: {
                 if (fCanonical) {
                     normalizeAndPrint(node.getNodeValue(), false);
                 }
                 else {
                     fOut.print("<![CDATA[");
                     fOut.print(node.getNodeValue());
                     fOut.print("]]>");
                 }
                 fOut.flush();
                 break;
             }

             case Node.TEXT_NODE: {
                 normalizeAndPrint(node.getNodeValue(), false);
                 fOut.flush();
                 break;
             }

             case Node.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE: {
                 fOut.print("<?");
                 fOut.print(node.getNodeName());
                 String data = node.getNodeValue();
                 if (data != null && data.length() > 0) {
                     fOut.print(' ');
                     fOut.print(data);
                 }
                 fOut.print("?>");
                 fOut.flush();
                 break;
             }

             case Node.COMMENT_NODE: {
                 if (!fCanonical) {
                     fOut.print("<!--");
                     String comment = node.getNodeValue();
                     if (comment != null && comment.length() > 0) {
                         fOut.print(comment);
                     }
                     fOut.print("-->");
                     fOut.flush();
                 }
             }
         }

         if (type == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
             fOut.print("</");
             fOut.print(node.getNodeName());
             fOut.print('>');
             fOut.flush();
         }

     } // write(Node)

     /** Returns a sorted list of attributes. */
     protected Attr[] sortAttributes(NamedNodeMap attrs) {

         int len = (attrs != null) ? attrs.getLength() : 0;
         Attr array[] = new Attr[len];
         for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
             array[i] = (Attr)attrs.item(i);
         }
         for (int i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) {
             String name = array[i].getNodeName();
             int index = i;
             for (int j = i + 1; j < len; j++) {
                 String curName = array[j].getNodeName();
                 if (curName.compareTo(name) < 0) {
                     name = curName;
                     index = j;
                 }
             }
             if (index != i) {
                 Attr temp = array[i];
                 array[i] = array[index];
                 array[index] = temp;
             }
         }

         return array;

     } // sortAttributes(NamedNodeMap):Attr[]

     //
     // Protected methods
     //

     /** Normalizes and prints the given string. */
     protected void normalizeAndPrint(String s, boolean isAttValue) {

         int len = (s != null) ? s.length() : 0;
         for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
             char c = s.charAt(i);
             normalizeAndPrint(c, isAttValue);
         }

     } // normalizeAndPrint(String,boolean)

     /** Normalizes and print the given character. */
     protected void normalizeAndPrint(char c, boolean isAttValue) {

         switch (c) {
             case '<': {
                 fOut.print("&lt;");
                 break;
             }
             case '>': {
                 fOut.print("&gt;");
                 break;
             }
             case '&': {
                 fOut.print("&amp;");
                 break;
             }
             case '"': {
                 // A '"' that appears in character data
                 // does not need to be escaped.
                 if (isAttValue) {
                     fOut.print("&quot;");
                 }
                 else {
                     fOut.print("\"");
                 }
                 break;
             }
             case '\r': {
             	// If CR is part of the document's content, it
             	// must not be printed as a literal otherwise
             	// it would be normalized to LF when the document
             	// is reparsed.
             	fOut.print("&#xD;");
             	break;
             }
             case '\n': {
                 if (fCanonical) {
                     fOut.print("&#xA;");
                     break;
                 }
                 // else, default print char
             }
             default: {
             	// In XML 1.1, control chars in the ranges [#x1-#x1F, #x7F-#x9F] must be escaped.
             	//
             	// Escape space characters that would be normalized to #x20 in attribute values
             	// when the document is reparsed.
             	//
             	// Escape NEL (0x85) and LSEP (0x2028) that appear in content
             	// if the document is XML 1.1, since they would be normalized to LF
             	// when the document is reparsed.
             	if (fXML11 && ((c >= 0x01 && c <= 0x1F && c != 0x09 && c != 0x0A)
             	    || (c >= 0x7F && c <= 0x9F) || c == 0x2028)
             	    || isAttValue && (c == 0x09 || c == 0x0A)) {
             	    fOut.print("&#x");
             	    fOut.print(Integer.toHexString(c).toUpperCase());
             	    fOut.print(";");
                 }
                 else {
                     fOut.print(c);
                 }
             }
         }
     } // normalizeAndPrint(char,boolean)

     /** Extracts the XML version from the Document. */
     protected String getVersion(Document document) {
     	if (document == null) {
     	    return null;
     	}
         String version = null;
         Method getXMLVersion = null;
         try {
             getXMLVersion = document.getClass().getMethod("getXmlVersion", new Class[]{});
             // If Document class implements DOM L3, this method will exist.
             if (getXMLVersion != null) {
                 version = (String) getXMLVersion.invoke(document, null);
             }
         }
         catch (Exception e) {
             // Either this locator object doesn't have
             // this method, or we're on an old JDK.
         }
         return version;
     } // getVersion(Document)

     //
     // Main
     //

     /** Main program entry point. */
     public static void main(String argv[]) {

         // is there anything to do?
         if (argv.length == 0) {
             printUsage();
             System.exit(1);
         }

         // variables
         Writer writer = null;
         ParserWrapper parser = null;
         boolean namespaces = DEFAULT_NAMESPACES;
         boolean validation = DEFAULT_VALIDATION;
         boolean schemaValidation = DEFAULT_SCHEMA_VALIDATION;
         boolean schemaFullChecking = DEFAULT_SCHEMA_FULL_CHECKING;
         boolean canonical = DEFAULT_CANONICAL;

         // process arguments
         for (int i = 0; i < argv.length; i++) {
             String arg = argv[i];
             if (arg.startsWith("-")) {
                 String option = arg.substring(1);
                 if (option.equals("p")) {
                     // get parser name
                     if (++i == argv.length) {
                         System.err.println("error: Missing argument to -p option.");
                     }
                     String parserName = argv[i];

                     // create parser
                     try {
                         parser = (ParserWrapper)Class.forName(parserName).newInstance();
                     }
                     catch (Exception e) {
                         parser = null;
                         System.err.println("error: Unable to instantiate parser ("+parserName+")");
                     }
                     continue;
                 }
                 if (option.equalsIgnoreCase("n")) {
                     namespaces = option.equals("n");
                     continue;
                 }
                 if (option.equalsIgnoreCase("v")) {
                     validation = option.equals("v");
                     continue;
                 }
                 if (option.equalsIgnoreCase("s")) {
                     schemaValidation = option.equals("s");
                     continue;
                 }
                 if (option.equalsIgnoreCase("f")) {
                     schemaFullChecking = option.equals("f");
                     continue;
                 }
                 if (option.equalsIgnoreCase("c")) {
                     canonical = option.equals("c");
                     continue;
                 }
                 if (option.equals("h")) {
                     printUsage();
                     continue;
                 }
             }

             // use default parser?
             if (parser == null) {

                 // create parser
                 try {
                     parser = (ParserWrapper)Class.forName(DEFAULT_PARSER_NAME).newInstance();
                 }
                 catch (Exception e) {
                     System.err.println("error: Unable to instantiate parser ("+DEFAULT_PARSER_NAME+")");
                     continue;
                 }
             }

             // set parser features
             try {
                 parser.setFeature(NAMESPACES_FEATURE_ID, namespaces);
             }
             catch (SAXException e) {
                 System.err.println("warning: Parser does not support feature ("+NAMESPACES_FEATURE_ID+")");
             }
             try {
                 parser.setFeature(VALIDATION_FEATURE_ID, validation);
             }
             catch (SAXException e) {
                 System.err.println("warning: Parser does not support feature ("+VALIDATION_FEATURE_ID+")");
             }
             try {
                 parser.setFeature(SCHEMA_VALIDATION_FEATURE_ID, schemaValidation);
             }
             catch (SAXException e) {
                 System.err.println("warning: Parser does not support feature ("+SCHEMA_VALIDATION_FEATURE_ID+")");
             }
             try {
                 parser.setFeature(SCHEMA_FULL_CHECKING_FEATURE_ID, schemaFullChecking);
             }
             catch (SAXException e) {
                 System.err.println("warning: Parser does not support feature ("+SCHEMA_FULL_CHECKING_FEATURE_ID+")");
             }

             // setup writer
             if (writer == null) {
                 writer = new Writer();
                 try {
                     writer.setOutput(System.out, "UTF8");
                 }
                 catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                     System.err.println("error: Unable to set output. Exiting.");
                     System.exit(1);
                 }
             }

             // parse file
             writer.setCanonical(canonical);
             try {
                 Document document = parser.parse(arg);
                 writer.write(document);
             }
             catch (SAXParseException e) {
                 // ignore
             }
             catch (Exception e) {
                 System.err.println("error: Parse error occurred - "+e.getMessage());
                 if (e instanceof SAXException) {
                     Exception nested = ((SAXException)e).getException();
                     if (nested != null) {
                         e = nested;
                     }
                 }
                 e.printStackTrace(System.err);
             }
         }

     } // main(String[])

     //
     // Private static methods
     //

     /** Prints the usage. */
     private static void printUsage() {

         System.err.println("usage: java dom.Writer (options) uri ...");
         System.err.println();

         System.err.println("options:");
         System.err.println("  -p name  Select parser by name.");
         System.err.println("  -n | -N  Turn on/off namespace processing.");
         System.err.println("  -v | -V  Turn on/off validation.");
         System.err.println("  -s | -S  Turn on/off Schema validation support.");
         System.err.println("           NOTE: Not supported by all parsers.");
         System.err.println("  -f  | -F Turn on/off Schema full checking.");
         System.err.println("           NOTE: Requires use of -s and not supported by all parsers.");
         System.err.println("  -c | -C  Turn on/off Canonical XML output.");
         System.err.println("           NOTE: This is not W3C canonical output.");
         System.err.println("  -h       This help screen.");
         System.err.println();

         System.err.println("defaults:");
         System.err.println("  Parser:     "+DEFAULT_PARSER_NAME);
         System.err.print("  Namespaces: ");
         System.err.println(DEFAULT_NAMESPACES ? "on" : "off");
         System.err.print("  Validation: ");
         System.err.println(DEFAULT_VALIDATION ? "on" : "off");
         System.err.print("  Schema:     ");
         System.err.println(DEFAULT_SCHEMA_VALIDATION ? "on" : "off");
         System.err.print("  Schema full checking:     ");
         System.err.println(DEFAULT_SCHEMA_FULL_CHECKING ? "on" : "off");
         System.err.print("  Canonical:  ");
         System.err.println(DEFAULT_CANONICAL ? "on" : "off");

     } // printUsage()

 }  // class Writer
	/*
	* The Apache Software License, Version 1.1
	*
	*
	* Copyright (c) 1999-2003 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights
	* reserved.
	*
	* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
	* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
	* are met:
	*
	* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
	* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
	*
	* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
	* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
	* the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
	* distribution.
	*
	* 3. The end-user documentation included with the redistribution,
	* if any, must include the following acknowledgment:
	* "This product includes software developed by the
	* Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)."
	* Alternately, this acknowledgment may appear in the software itself,
	* if and wherever such third-party acknowledgments normally appear.
	*
	* 4. The names "Xerces" and "Apache Software Foundation" must
	* not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
	* software without prior written permission. For written
	* permission, please contact apache@apache.org.
	*
	* 5. Products derived from this software may not be called "Apache",
	* nor may "Apache" appear in their name, without prior written
	* permission of the Apache Software Foundation.
	*
	* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED
	* WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
	* OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
	* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE APACHE SOFTWARE FOUNDATION OR
	* ITS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
	* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
	* LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
	* USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
	* ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
	* OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
	* OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
	* SUCH DAMAGE.
	* ====================================================================
	*
	* This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
	* individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation and was
	* originally based on software copyright (c) 1999, International
	* Business Machines, Inc., http://www.apache.org. For more
	* information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
	* <http://www.apache.org/>.
	*/

	package dom;

	import java.lang.reflect.Method;

	import java.io.OutputStream;
	import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
	import java.io.PrintWriter;
	import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

	import org.w3c.dom.Attr;
	import org.w3c.dom.Document;
	import org.w3c.dom.DocumentType;
	import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
	import org.w3c.dom.Node;
	import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

	import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
	import org.xml.sax.SAXParseException;

	/**
	* A sample DOM writer. This sample program illustrates how to
	* traverse a DOM tree in order to print a document that is parsed.
	*
	* @author Andy Clark, IBM
	*
	* @version $Id$
	*/
	public class Writer {

	//
	// Constants
	//

	// feature ids

	/** Namespaces feature id (http://xml.org/sax/features/namespaces). */
	protected static final String NAMESPACES_FEATURE_ID = "http://xml.org/sax/features/namespaces";

	/** Validation feature id (http://xml.org/sax/features/validation). */
	protected static final String VALIDATION_FEATURE_ID = "http://xml.org/sax/features/validation";

	/** Schema validation feature id (http://apache.org/xml/features/validation/schema). */
	protected static final String SCHEMA_VALIDATION_FEATURE_ID = "http://apache.org/xml/features/validation/schema";

	/** Schema full checking feature id (http://apache.org/xml/features/validation/schema-full-checking). */
	protected static final String SCHEMA_FULL_CHECKING_FEATURE_ID = "http://apache.org/xml/features/validation/schema-full-checking";

	// property ids

	/** Lexical handler property id (http://xml.org/sax/properties/lexical-handler). */
	protected static final String LEXICAL_HANDLER_PROPERTY_ID = "http://xml.org/sax/properties/lexical-handler";

	// default settings

	/** Default parser name. */
	protected static final String DEFAULT_PARSER_NAME = "dom.wrappers.Xerces";

	/** Default namespaces support (true). */
	protected static final boolean DEFAULT_NAMESPACES = true;

	/** Default validation support (false). */
	protected static final boolean DEFAULT_VALIDATION = false;

	/** Default Schema validation support (false). */
	protected static final boolean DEFAULT_SCHEMA_VALIDATION = false;

	/** Default Schema full checking support (false). */
	protected static final boolean DEFAULT_SCHEMA_FULL_CHECKING = false;

	/** Default canonical output (false). */
	protected static final boolean DEFAULT_CANONICAL = false;

	//
	// Data
	//

	/** Print writer. */
	protected PrintWriter fOut;

	/** Canonical output. */
	protected boolean fCanonical;

	/** Processing XML 1.1 document. */
	protected boolean fXML11;

	//
	// Constructors
	//

	/** Default constructor. */
	public Writer() {
	} // <init>()

	public Writer(boolean canonical) {
	fCanonical = canonical;
	} // <init>(boolean)

	//
	// Public methods
	//

	/** Sets whether output is canonical. */
	public void setCanonical(boolean canonical) {
	fCanonical = canonical;
	} // setCanonical(boolean)

	/** Sets the output stream for printing. */
	public void setOutput(OutputStream stream, String encoding)
	throws UnsupportedEncodingException {

	if (encoding == null) {
	encoding = "UTF8";
	}

	java.io.Writer writer = new OutputStreamWriter(stream, encoding);
	fOut = new PrintWriter(writer);

	} // setOutput(OutputStream,String)

	/** Sets the output writer. */
	public void setOutput(java.io.Writer writer) {

	fOut = writer instanceof PrintWriter
	? (PrintWriter)writer : new PrintWriter(writer);

	} // setOutput(java.io.Writer)

	/** Writes the specified node, recursively. */
	public void write(Node node) {

	// is there anything to do?
	if (node == null) {
	return;
	}

	short type = node.getNodeType();
	switch (type) {
	case Node.DOCUMENT_NODE: {
	Document document = (Document)node;
	fXML11 = "1.1".equals(getVersion(document));
	if (!fCanonical) {
	if (fXML11) {
	fOut.println("<?xml version=\"1.1\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>");
	}
	else {
	fOut.println("<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>");
	}
	fOut.flush();
	write(document.getDoctype());
	}
	write(document.getDocumentElement());
	break;
	}

	case Node.DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE: {
	DocumentType doctype = (DocumentType)node;
	fOut.print("<!DOCTYPE ");
	fOut.print(doctype.getName());
	String publicId = doctype.getPublicId();
	String systemId = doctype.getSystemId();
	if (publicId != null) {
	fOut.print(" PUBLIC '");
	fOut.print(publicId);
	fOut.print("' '");
	fOut.print(systemId);
	fOut.print('\'');
	}
	else if (systemId != null) {
	fOut.print(" SYSTEM '");
	fOut.print(systemId);
	fOut.print('\'');
	}
	String internalSubset = doctype.getInternalSubset();
	if (internalSubset != null) {
	fOut.println(" [");
	fOut.print(internalSubset);
	fOut.print(']');
	}
	fOut.println('>');
	break;
	}

	case Node.ELEMENT_NODE: {
	fOut.print('<');
	fOut.print(node.getNodeName());
	Attr attrs[] = sortAttributes(node.getAttributes());
	for (int i = 0; i < attrs.length; i++) {
	Attr attr = attrs[i];
	fOut.print(' ');
	fOut.print(attr.getNodeName());
	fOut.print("=\"");
	normalizeAndPrint(attr.getNodeValue(), true);
	fOut.print('"');
	}
	fOut.print('>');
	fOut.flush();

	Node child = node.getFirstChild();
	while (child != null) {
	write(child);
	child = child.getNextSibling();
	}
	break;
	}

	case Node.ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE: {
	if (fCanonical) {
	Node child = node.getFirstChild();
	while (child != null) {
	write(child);
	child = child.getNextSibling();
	}
	}
	else {
	fOut.print('&');
	fOut.print(node.getNodeName());
	fOut.print(';');
	fOut.flush();
	}
	break;
	}

	case Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE: {
	if (fCanonical) {
	normalizeAndPrint(node.getNodeValue(), false);
	}
	else {
	fOut.print("<![CDATA[");
	fOut.print(node.getNodeValue());
	fOut.print("]]>");
	}
	fOut.flush();
	break;
	}

	case Node.TEXT_NODE: {
	normalizeAndPrint(node.getNodeValue(), false);
	fOut.flush();
	break;
	}

	case Node.PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE: {
	fOut.print("<?");
	fOut.print(node.getNodeName());
	String data = node.getNodeValue();
	if (data != null && data.length() > 0) {
	fOut.print(' ');
	fOut.print(data);
	}
	fOut.print("?>");
	fOut.flush();
	break;
	}

	case Node.COMMENT_NODE: {
	if (!fCanonical) {
	fOut.print("<!--");
	String comment = node.getNodeValue();
	if (comment != null && comment.length() > 0) {
	fOut.print(comment);
	}
	fOut.print("-->");
	fOut.flush();
	}
	}
	}

	if (type == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
	fOut.print("</");
	fOut.print(node.getNodeName());
	fOut.print('>');
	fOut.flush();
	}

	} // write(Node)

	/** Returns a sorted list of attributes. */
	protected Attr[] sortAttributes(NamedNodeMap attrs) {

	int len = (attrs != null) ? attrs.getLength() : 0;
	Attr array[] = new Attr[len];
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
	array[i] = (Attr)attrs.item(i);
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) {
	String name = array[i].getNodeName();
	int index = i;
	for (int j = i + 1; j < len; j++) {
	String curName = array[j].getNodeName();
	if (curName.compareTo(name) < 0) {
	name = curName;
	index = j;
	}
	}
	if (index != i) {
	Attr temp = array[i];
	array[i] = array[index];
	array[index] = temp;
	}
	}

	return array;

	} // sortAttributes(NamedNodeMap):Attr[]

	//
	// Protected methods
	//

	/** Normalizes and prints the given string. */
	protected void normalizeAndPrint(String s, boolean isAttValue) {

	int len = (s != null) ? s.length() : 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
	char c = s.charAt(i);
	normalizeAndPrint(c, isAttValue);
	}

	} // normalizeAndPrint(String,boolean)

	/** Normalizes and print the given character. */
	protected void normalizeAndPrint(char c, boolean isAttValue) {

	switch (c) {
	case '<': {
	fOut.print("<");
	break;
	}
	case '>': {
	fOut.print(">");
	break;
	}
	case '&': {
	fOut.print("&");
	break;
	}
	case '"': {
	// A '"' that appears in character data
	// does not need to be escaped.
	if (isAttValue) {
	fOut.print(""");
	}
	else {
	fOut.print("\"");
	}
	break;
	}
	case '\r': {
	// If CR is part of the document's content, it
	// must not be printed as a literal otherwise
	// it would be normalized to LF when the document
	// is reparsed.
	fOut.print(" ");
	break;
	}
	case '\n': {
	if (fCanonical) {
	fOut.print(" ");
	break;
	}
	// else, default print char
	}
	default: {
	// In XML 1.1, control chars in the ranges [#x1-#x1F, #x7F-#x9F] must be escaped.
	//
	// Escape space characters that would be normalized to #x20 in attribute values
	// when the document is reparsed.
	//
	// Escape NEL (0x85) and LSEP (0x2028) that appear in content
	// if the document is XML 1.1, since they would be normalized to LF
	// when the document is reparsed.
	if (fXML11 && ((c >= 0x01 && c <= 0x1F && c != 0x09 && c != 0x0A)
	\|\| (c >= 0x7F && c <= 0x9F) \|\| c == 0x2028)
	\|\| isAttValue && (c == 0x09 \|\| c == 0x0A)) {
	fOut.print("&#x");
	fOut.print(Integer.toHexString(c).toUpperCase());
	fOut.print(";");
	}
	else {
	fOut.print(c);
	}
	}
	}
	} // normalizeAndPrint(char,boolean)

	/** Extracts the XML version from the Document. */
	protected String getVersion(Document document) {
	if (document == null) {
	return null;
	}
	String version = null;
	Method getXMLVersion = null;
	try {
	getXMLVersion = document.getClass().getMethod("getXmlVersion", new Class[]{});
	// If Document class implements DOM L3, this method will exist.
	if (getXMLVersion != null) {
	version = (String) getXMLVersion.invoke(document, null);
	}
	}
	catch (Exception e) {
	// Either this locator object doesn't have
	// this method, or we're on an old JDK.
	}
	return version;
	} // getVersion(Document)

	//
	// Main
	//

	/** Main program entry point. */
	public static void main(String argv[]) {

	// is there anything to do?
	if (argv.length == 0) {
	printUsage();
	System.exit(1);
	}

	// variables
	Writer writer = null;
	ParserWrapper parser = null;
	boolean namespaces = DEFAULT_NAMESPACES;
	boolean validation = DEFAULT_VALIDATION;
	boolean schemaValidation = DEFAULT_SCHEMA_VALIDATION;
	boolean schemaFullChecking = DEFAULT_SCHEMA_FULL_CHECKING;
	boolean canonical = DEFAULT_CANONICAL;

	// process arguments
	for (int i = 0; i < argv.length; i++) {
	String arg = argv[i];
	if (arg.startsWith("-")) {
	String option = arg.substring(1);
	if (option.equals("p")) {
	// get parser name
	if (++i == argv.length) {
	System.err.println("error: Missing argument to -p option.");
	}
	String parserName = argv[i];

	// create parser
	try {
	parser = (ParserWrapper)Class.forName(parserName).newInstance();
	}
	catch (Exception e) {
	parser = null;
	System.err.println("error: Unable to instantiate parser ("+parserName+")");
	}
	continue;
	}
	if (option.equalsIgnoreCase("n")) {
	namespaces = option.equals("n");
	continue;
	}
	if (option.equalsIgnoreCase("v")) {
	validation = option.equals("v");
	continue;
	}
	if (option.equalsIgnoreCase("s")) {
	schemaValidation = option.equals("s");
	continue;
	}
	if (option.equalsIgnoreCase("f")) {
	schemaFullChecking = option.equals("f");
	continue;
	}
	if (option.equalsIgnoreCase("c")) {
	canonical = option.equals("c");
	continue;
	}
	if (option.equals("h")) {
	printUsage();
	continue;
	}
	}

	// use default parser?
	if (parser == null) {

	// create parser
	try {
	parser = (ParserWrapper)Class.forName(DEFAULT_PARSER_NAME).newInstance();
	}
	catch (Exception e) {
	System.err.println("error: Unable to instantiate parser ("+DEFAULT_PARSER_NAME+")");
	continue;
	}
	}

	// set parser features
	try {
	parser.setFeature(NAMESPACES_FEATURE_ID, namespaces);
	}
	catch (SAXException e) {
	System.err.println("warning: Parser does not support feature ("+NAMESPACES_FEATURE_ID+")");
	}
	try {
	parser.setFeature(VALIDATION_FEATURE_ID, validation);
	}
	catch (SAXException e) {
	System.err.println("warning: Parser does not support feature ("+VALIDATION_FEATURE_ID+")");
	}
	try {
	parser.setFeature(SCHEMA_VALIDATION_FEATURE_ID, schemaValidation);
	}
	catch (SAXException e) {
	System.err.println("warning: Parser does not support feature ("+SCHEMA_VALIDATION_FEATURE_ID+")");
	}
	try {
	parser.setFeature(SCHEMA_FULL_CHECKING_FEATURE_ID, schemaFullChecking);
	}
	catch (SAXException e) {
	System.err.println("warning: Parser does not support feature ("+SCHEMA_FULL_CHECKING_FEATURE_ID+")");
	}

	// setup writer
	if (writer == null) {
	writer = new Writer();
	try {
	writer.setOutput(System.out, "UTF8");
	}
	catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
	System.err.println("error: Unable to set output. Exiting.");
	System.exit(1);
	}
	}

	// parse file
	writer.setCanonical(canonical);
	try {
	Document document = parser.parse(arg);
	writer.write(document);
	}
	catch (SAXParseException e) {
	// ignore
	}
	catch (Exception e) {
	System.err.println("error: Parse error occurred - "+e.getMessage());
	if (e instanceof SAXException) {
	Exception nested = ((SAXException)e).getException();
	if (nested != null) {
	e = nested;
	}
	}
	e.printStackTrace(System.err);
	}
	}

	} // main(String[])

	//
	// Private static methods
	//

	/** Prints the usage. */
	private static void printUsage() {

	System.err.println("usage: java dom.Writer (options) uri ...");
	System.err.println();

	System.err.println("options:");
	System.err.println(" -p name Select parser by name.");
	System.err.println(" -n \| -N Turn on/off namespace processing.");
	System.err.println(" -v \| -V Turn on/off validation.");
	System.err.println(" -s \| -S Turn on/off Schema validation support.");
	System.err.println(" NOTE: Not supported by all parsers.");
	System.err.println(" -f \| -F Turn on/off Schema full checking.");
	System.err.println(" NOTE: Requires use of -s and not supported by all parsers.");
	System.err.println(" -c \| -C Turn on/off Canonical XML output.");
	System.err.println(" NOTE: This is not W3C canonical output.");
	System.err.println(" -h This help screen.");
	System.err.println();

	System.err.println("defaults:");
	System.err.println(" Parser: "+DEFAULT_PARSER_NAME);
	System.err.print(" Namespaces: ");
	System.err.println(DEFAULT_NAMESPACES ? "on" : "off");
	System.err.print(" Validation: ");
	System.err.println(DEFAULT_VALIDATION ? "on" : "off");
	System.err.print(" Schema: ");
	System.err.println(DEFAULT_SCHEMA_VALIDATION ? "on" : "off");
	System.err.print(" Schema full checking: ");
	System.err.println(DEFAULT_SCHEMA_FULL_CHECKING ? "on" : "off");
	System.err.print(" Canonical: ");
	System.err.println(DEFAULT_CANONICAL ? "on" : "off");

	} // printUsage()

	} // class Writer