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| <div class="container"> <p>The Apache Software Foundation is considering a new set of licenses to |
| <a href="#distributions">distribute software and documentation</a> , to accept regular |
| <a href="#clas">contributions from individuals and corporations</a> , and to accept |
| larger <a href="#grants">grants of existing software products</a>. We are updating our |
| <a href="../">current Apache licenses</a> to reflect changes in the community |
| regarding patents and contributing.</p> |
| <p>Discussion of these licenses took place on the "license" mailing list at |
| apache.org, which has since been closed, but <a href="http://issues.apache.org/eyebrowse/SummarizeList?listName=license@apache.org&by=thread">archives of the license |
| mailing |
| list</a> |
| are available. Please note that the licenses have been updated on December |
| 24, 2003, and January 20, 2004, to reflect the first two rounds of comments |
| by the public. The primary 2.0 license was approved by the ASF board on |
| January 21.</p> |
| <p>These licenses help us achieve our goal of providing reliable and |
| long-lived software products through collaborative open source software |
| development. In all cases, contributors retain full rights to use their |
| original contributions for any other purpose outside of Apache while |
| providing the ASF and its projects the right to distribute and build upon |
| their work within Apache.</p> |
| <h1 id="distributions">Licensing of Distributions<a class="headerlink" href="#distributions" title="Permalink">¶</a></h1> |
| <p>For more than two years, we have worked on improvements to the Apache |
| License in order to solve several deficiencies with the old one. We had the |
| following goals in mind (not in order of preference):</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>Clear</strong> <br/>Lots of questions get asked about 'can I include |
| Tomcat/Jserv/xxx in my commercial product,' even though <em>careful</em> reading |
| of the current license answers that. It may be better to be verbose if that |
| cuts down on frequently asked questions. Likewise, many lawyers have |
| commented that the original license did not define the terminology |
| precisely. <em>Solved in 2.0 by defining most important terms and separating |
| the permissions into identifiable sections.</em></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>Reusable</strong> <br/>The Apache- and ASF project-specific stuff should |
| be separated out of the license proper so that both ASF and non-ASF |
| projects can use the license terms unaltered. Currently, each ASF project |
| has its own, altered, version of the main ASF 1.1 license template. <em>Solved |
| in 2.0 by moving project-specific stuff into the NOTICE file.</em></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>Trademarks</strong> <br/>Avoid listing a specific set of trade marks, |
| trade names, and service marks within the license, since that caused |
| problems with project-specific licenses and apparent GPL-compatibility. |
| Likewise, provide instruction on how and when Apache marks may or may not |
| be used, since that is our most common source of licensing question. |
| <em>Partly solved in 2.0 by excluding any permission to use trademarks within |
| the license itself and moving related information into the NOTICE file.</em></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>Compatible with other licenses</strong> <br/>Since the ASF aims to |
| create software that implements reference standards, it's in the interests |
| of the ASF and ASF software users to aim for "compatibility" with other |
| widely used software licenses, where "compatibility" means that our |
| software can be used and redistributed as part of a combined work. Special |
| preference should be given to other widely-used open source licenses, to |
| help avoid reinvention of the wheel. <em>Partly solved in 2.0 by modifying |
| trademark clause and moving attribution notices into the NOTICE file.</em></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>Patent protection.</strong> <br/>It would be nice to have some language |
| in the license that protected us and our users from patent-infringement |
| suits, at the very least from contributors if not in more general ways. |
| <em>Solved in 2.0.</em></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>Covers contributions</strong> <br/>How do we ensure that contributions |
| are made under our license and not under some other conditions? <em>Solved in |
| 2.0.</em></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>Applicable to documentation</strong> <br/>Make the license clearly |
| applicable to both software and documentation. <em>Solved in 2.0.</em></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>Includable by reference</strong> <br/>We should be able to replace all |
| the copies of the license in our files with pointers to a license file |
| and/or a URL. And the license should state that this can be done, and |
| define the conditions. <em>Solved in 2.0.</em></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>Short!</strong> <br/>Complete license should be as short as possible, |
| and with as little opaque legalese as possible. Less than a page is |
| excellent; shorter still is even better. <em>This is the trade-off -- we lost |
| shortness in exchange for more clarity and extra patent and contribution |
| coverage. However, the 2.0 license is still considerably shorter than |
| comparative licenses, and the ability to license by reference makes the |
| actual citations within source files much shorter than before.</em></p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| <h2 id="2.0">Apache License, version 2.0<a class="headerlink" href="#2.0" title="Permalink">¶</a></h2> |
| <p><a href="../LICENSE-2.0.txt">http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0</a></p> |
| <p>A big thank you goes out to all those who commented on the proposals. The |
| Apache License, version 2.0, was approved for use by Apache projects as of |
| January 21, 2004, with all Apache projects required to move to the new |
| license by March 1, 2004.</p> |
| <h2 id="JSR">Apache JSR License, version 2.0 (proposed)<a class="headerlink" href="#JSR" title="Permalink">¶</a></h2> |
| <p><a href="JSR-LICENSE-2.0.txt">http://www.apache.org/licenses/proposed/JSR-LICENSE-2.0.txt</a></p> |
| <p>The JSR license has not yet been approved for use by Apache projects. This |
| license is for use by Apache projects that produce the official Reference |
| Implementation of a Java Specification Request, or an Independent |
| Implementation claiming conformance to a JSR, as part of the <a href="http://www.jcp.org/">Java |
| Community Process</a>. The JSPA rules specifically |
| require that the RI and compliant Independent Implementations be licensed |
| under terms that restrict the ability to modify the reserved namespace |
| "javax.*" and license the patent grants of expert group contributors under |
| terms that allow for reciprocity. This JSR license is intended to satisfy |
| those requirements without limiting open source experimentation and |
| innovation.</p> |
| <h2 id="TCK">Apache TCK License, version 2.0 (proposed)<a class="headerlink" href="#TCK" title="Permalink">¶</a></h2> |
| <p><a href="TCK-LICENSE-2.0.txt">http://www.apache.org/licenses/proposed/TCK-LICENSE-2.0.txt</a></p> |
| <p>The TCK license has not yet been approved for use by Apache projects. This |
| license is for use by Apache projects that produce the official Technology |
| Compatibility Kit of a Java Specification Request as part of the <a href="http://www.jcp.org/">Java |
| Community Process</a>. It would only be applied to code |
| specific to a given specification's TCK, with the rest of the code being |
| placed under the 2.0 license.</p> |
| <h1 id="clas">Contributor License Agreements<a class="headerlink" href="#clas" title="Permalink">¶</a></h1> |
| <p>Although the 2.0 license contains a built-in contribution agreement, we |
| also need updated contributor license agreements for those cases where a |
| signature is needed or a corporation needs a signed document.</p> |
| <p>Version 3 of the <a href="cla.txt">Contributor License Agreement (CLA)</a> has mostly |
| the same terms as version 2, except that the patent license is more |
| specific and submission on behalf of a third-party are considered |
| separately. The purpose of this agreement is to clearly define the terms |
| under which intellectual property has been contributed to the ASF and |
| thereby allow us to defend the project should there be a legal dispute |
| regarding the software at some future time. A signed CLA (any version) is |
| required to be on file before an individual is given commit rights to an |
| ASF project.</p> |
| <p>Finally, we are considering placing a <a href="community.txt">community contribution |
| notice</a> at various points of entry (mailing list |
| subscription, problem report entry, etc.) so that nobody can reasonably |
| claim they were ignorant of the terms for contributing.</p> |
| <h1 id="grants">Software Grants<a class="headerlink" href="#grants" title="Permalink">¶</a></h1> |
| <p>When an individual or corporation decides to donate a body of existing |
| software or documentation to one of the Apache projects, they need to |
| execute a formal <a href="software-grant.txt">Software Grant</a> agreement with the |
| ASF. Typically this is done after negotiating approval with the ASF board |
| of directors, since the ASF will not accept software unless there is a |
| viable community available to support a collaborative project.</p> |
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