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| <div class="container"> <h1 id="apache-trademark-reporting-best-practices">Apache Trademark Reporting Best Practices<a class="headerlink" href="#apache-trademark-reporting-best-practices" title="Permalink">¶</a></h1> |
| <p>Here are best practices for reviewing the use |
| of Apache® projects' brands and trademarks and for contacting other parties |
| when there may be an infringement or misuse of any Apache trademarks. |
| This document for Apache committers |
| and PMC members; outside parties should start with our |
| <a href="index.html">Apache Trademark Policy</a>.</p> |
| <p><strong>Contents</strong></p> |
| <div class=".pull-right" style="float:right; border-style:dotted; width:200px; padding:5px; margin:5px"> |
| <p>See Also: <a href="/foundation/marks/resources">Trademark Resources Site Map</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div id="toc"><ul><li><a class="toc-href" href="#introduction" title="Apache trademark use reporting best practices">Apache trademark use reporting best practices</a><ul><li><a class="toc-href" href="#kinds" title="What kinds of trademark uses might be infringing?">What kinds of trademark uses might be infringing?</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="toc-href" href="#issues" title="Checklist of issues to evaluate for trademark misuses">Checklist of issues to evaluate for trademark misuses</a></li><li><a class="toc-href" href="#users" title="Reporting potential misuses of Apache marks - how-to for users">Reporting potential misuses of Apache marks - how-to for users</a></li><li><a class="toc-href" href="#pmcs" title="Reporting potential misuses of Apache marks - how to for PMCs / Committers">Reporting potential misuses of Apache marks - how to for PMCs / Committers</a></li><li><a class="toc-href" href="#members" title="Reporting potential misuse of Apache marks - how-to for Apache Members">Reporting potential misuse of Apache marks - how-to for Apache Members</a></li><li><a class="toc-href" href="#apacheorg" title="How to report improper use of your trademarks by Apache projects">How to report improper use of your trademarks by Apache projects</a></li><li><a class="toc-href" href="#other" title="Other trademark guidelines">Other trademark guidelines</a></li><li><a class="toc-href" href="#notes" title="Important note">Important note</a></li></ul></div> |
| <h2 id="introduction">Apache trademark use reporting best practices<a class="headerlink" href="#introduction" title="Permalink">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>The Apache Software Foundation (ASF) strives to promote appropriate uses of |
| all Apache marks for the benefit of our project communities and for the ASF |
| as a whole. The mission of the ASF is to provide software for the |
| public good, and the way we accomplish that is by supporting our community and our |
| consensus-based projects. Having clear trademarks and service marks that identify our projects |
| and software products is important to the health of our communities, to encourage |
| the sense of community, to ensure that our projects run independently |
| of outside or commercial influence, and to allow new consumers to discover our |
| many <a href="/free/">freely available</a> products and services.</p> |
| <p>Likewise, our project communities bear responsibility for managing their own |
| brands and marks, as well as treating trademarks of other Apache projects and third parties with respect. |
| The ASF relies on <a href="/foundation/marks/responsibility">every PMC to manage their own brand</a>, and |
| to <strong>monitor the use of their brand</strong> by third parties (i.e. anyone outside of the project). We also welcome assistance |
| from the many users of our software in respectfully promoting our software.</p> |
| <p><strong>Reminder:</strong> This document is not legal |
| advice. If you have a legal question, you should contact your own lawyer. |
| Apache committers may contact the private legal-internal@ mailing list |
| (monitored by the ASF's VP, Legal Affairs officer and legal counsel) |
| with any specific legal questions about Apache projects. Outside parties |
| with legal questions about trademarks may <a href="/foundation/marks/contact#other">contact us privately</a>.</p> |
| <h3 id="kinds">What kinds of trademark uses might be infringing?<a class="headerlink" href="#kinds" title="Permalink">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>If you're browsing a website with "Hadoop" plastered all over their marketing |
| materials, and there's no mention of Apache anywhere on the page - what should you |
| do? The first thing is to actually ask: is this actually a problem, or is it |
| really <a href="/foundation/marks/#principles">nominative use</a> |
| of the Apache Hadoop® name, and it's just fine?</p> |
| <p>Trademarks exist to <strong>prevent customer confusion about the source of goods or |
| services</strong>. When you buy an HP® printer, you know what kind of quality and service |
| to expect, because you know it came from HP. Likewise when you order a Coke® |
| beverage, you'll expect that particular tartly sweet flavor, instead of the |
| more brightly sweet flavor of Pepsi beverages. The name, logo, and other |
| branding are a clear association of that product with its manufacturer in |
| the mind of the consumer of the product.</p> |
| <p>The majority of times we use trademarks like Apache Hadoop are just fine, because |
| we're talking about the trademarked product. Often, the only way to refer |
| to the Apache Hadoop® software product is to use it's name. Discussing how great |
| Hadoop software is, or how slow it can be, is typically not an infringing use, |
| because it is not likely to confuse consumers as to the source of Hadoop software. |
| These uses are called <strong>nominative use</strong>; that is, a third party using the |
| name to refer to the thing itself - i.e. our software product.</p> |
| <p>The problem comes when people or companies use trademarks in an infringing manner: when a |
| third party's use of a trademark would confuse a reasonable consumer about |
| where the product comes from. For example, it's just fine to write about how |
| well BMWs handle or drive; it's probably not OK to start a website to sell |
| BMW Cars that you make in your own shop. It may or may not be OK to start a |
| business called The Best BMW Service; that depends on how it's marketed (presented to consumers), and how BMW as the owner of the trademark decides to |
| license (or not) its trademark. It all boils down to: would a new consumer |
| looking for a car or service related to this "BMW" brand they've heard of |
| be led to believe that your independent shop is related to the international |
| BMW® company.</p> |
| <p>The Fedora® project has a <a href="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal:Trademark_guidelines?rd=Legal/TrademarkGuidelines#Trademark_Usage_Guidelines">useful chart of appropriate and inappropriate ways |
| to use their FEDORA trademark</a> |
| in common situations. While that policy is written for the Fedora mark, the examples |
| generally apply to Apache marks, and even most software product marks.</p> |
| <h2 id="issues">Checklist of issues to evaluate for trademark misuses<a class="headerlink" href="#issues" title="Permalink">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>When reviewing a potentially troublesome use of an Apache mark by a third party, |
| you <em>must</em> think through the context of that specific use of Apache marks <strong>before you |
| contact the third party</strong>:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>What <strong>specific trademark</strong> is being used? Is it the name of an Apache |
| product or project, or is it a logo from our website? Or is it an obviously |
| derived word or logo created from an Apache mark, like "Hadooper", or a blue elephant similar in appearance |
| to the beloved Hadoop yellow elephant?</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>Where</strong> is the mark being used? On a website (provide URL), on marketing |
| materials, on a business card, in an email campaign?</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>What is the <strong>immediate context</strong> of the use? Think about the paragraph in which |
| Hadoop appears, or where the elephant logo appears in relation to other text or graphic elements on the page. Be sure |
| to copy the paragraph or take a screenshot of where a logo appears if you |
| are reporting this to a PMC.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>What is the <strong>larger context</strong> to the use? This may be harder to evaluate, |
| because there are cases where a website may discuss Hadoop at length, where |
| the individual uses do not appear to be infringing, but where the overall |
| appearance in the entire website could reasonably lead to consumer confusion |
| (i.e. someone looking to download Hadoop® software might do it from that |
| website, instead of from our Apache Hadoop project). |
| Consider the whole context from the point of view of a user who is |
| <em>not</em> experienced with Hadoop, but who wants to learn more about it.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Is the <strong>use commercial/by an organization, or is it personal/by an individual</strong>? |
| Use by individuals is rarely infringement unless they are actually providing a |
| software product for use or download using a similar name. Uses by journalists |
| or technology writers, or non-software related companies may be important to address. |
| Uses by software vendors or services providers that work with Apache technologies |
| are usually important to address.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Is the use related to a software product or service that does *<em>not</em> come from Apache? |
| Uses of Apache marks in direct conjunction with third party software products |
| are <a href="/foundation/marks/faq/#products">generally not OK</a>, |
| and require investigation unless they are already following the |
| <a href="/foundation/marks/faq/#poweredby">Powered By guideline</a>, |
| or unless they are clearly a different kind of software product.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| <p><em><strong>IMPORTANT:</strong></em> If the name being used <em>happens</em> to match an Apache product |
| name, but the software product is unrelated to our Apache product, you |
| <strong>must</strong> check with trademarks@ before contacting the third party. In |
| particular, we must check to see if the other party has registered that name |
| as their trademark for their software.</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Is this use <strong>about some non-software related product</strong> (apparel, kitchen appliances, mining operations, computer hardware, whatever)? The ASF |
| and Apache projects primarily provide software products to the public, and to |
| a lesser degree provide software support services. Use of trademark names in relation |
| to software products or services should always be evaluated carefully. Always evaluate use |
| of trademark names in relation to other kinds of goods (i.e. non-software), |
| but they are probably not infringing. Trademarks generally apply only within a specific class |
| or field of goods; consumers would rarely confuse a Ford® car with a Ford |
| software product (unless the software is an app on the dashboard).</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Is this use clearly in relation to a <strong>parody</strong> of the Apache brand, or clearly in the |
| context of a <strong>review, benchmark, or other commentary</strong> about that particular Apache brand? |
| Use of trademarks in parodies, or in reviews, even uncomplimentary ones, |
| is often nominative use, unless it causes consumer confusion as to |
| the source of the goods or the software product. I.e. as long as a new user |
| would understand that the use by a third party is a parody or review, and not coming |
| from the official Apache project, it's not likely a problem.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Is the use in a <strong>domain name</strong>? See the <a href="/foundation/marks/domains.html">Domain Name Branding Policy</a> |
| for more information on allowable third party use of Apache brands in domain names.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Is the use part of an <strong>event or conference</strong> brand? See the <a href="/foundation/marks/events.html">Event Name Branding policy</a>.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| <h2 id="users">Reporting potential misuses of Apache marks - how-to for users<a class="headerlink" href="#users" title="Permalink">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>If any user or other person (i.e. not a committer on any Apache project) |
| is aware of potentially-improper third-party use of any Apache marks, |
| you should <strong>inform the relevant Project Management Committee</strong>, or PMC. |
| Email that project's PMC at private@<em>projectname</em>.apache.org and |
| inform them of the third party and its use of Apache marks. Please include |
| a URL link to the specific page that shows the Apache mark in use, |
| and a brief description of the situation.</p> |
| <p>The project's PMC should then examine the third party use of their mark, and take |
| appropriate action if needed as described below. In general, we prefer if |
| a member of a project's PMC contacts any third party that may be improperly |
| using that project's marks, rather than having non-PMC members contact them directly. |
| While we very much appreciate our users bringing these issues to our attention, |
| from the legal perspective, only the ASF and it's projects can directly |
| enforce the proper use of our marks.</p> |
| <p>If you do not receive a response from that project's PMC within a couple of weeks, |
| please <a href="/foundation/marks/contact#other">contact the ASF privately</a>, including all the details of the issue and your communication to the PMC, to request an update. |
| Note that it is the ASF's responsibility to police our trademarks, so while |
| we strive to acknowledge every report, we do not discuss enforcement |
| activities publicly.</p> |
| <h2 id="pmcs">Reporting potential misuses of Apache marks - how to for PMCs / Committers<a class="headerlink" href="#pmcs" title="Permalink">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>A project's PMC (or podling's PPMC) should be <strong><a href="/foundation/marks/responsibility">responsible for being aware of |
| significant third party uses of their project's marks</a></strong>. |
| PMCs should be responsible for managing the process of contacting any |
| third parties that may be infringing on their project's brand in conjunction |
| with VP, Brand Management on the <a href="/foundation/marks/contact">trademarks@ private mailing list</a>.</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li><strong>Discuss questions in private:</strong> It is a best practice to use the private@<em>projectname</em>.apache.org |
| mailing list to discuss any reports of potential infringement first, <strong>before</strong> |
| contacting a third party. Many potential cases either turn out not be a trademark |
| issue at all (meaning no action is needed), or can be resolved by a friendly email to the third party |
| politely requesting that they respect our trademarks. We recommend discussing these issues in private |
| because it is easier to clear up many unintentional misuses of marks in this way. Similarly, many other companies have |
| registered or otherwise well-known brands for their software offerings that |
| we must respect if they are registered or otherwise an earlier use (or, if |
| they are for a different kind of software functionality).</li> |
| </ul> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>Verify that it's really a problem:</strong> If there is any question whether something is infringing, |
| PMC members <em>must</em> email trademarks@, and cc: private@ for further |
| investigation and understanding of proper trademark use before contacting the third party. If necessary, |
| after discussion on trademarks@, someone from trademarks@ |
| or the PMC chair may take a specific question to legal-internal@ to get |
| a specific response from ASF counsel. Remember: discussion about |
| any trademark infringements should always happen on <em>private@</em> lists.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>For obvious problems, contact directly:</strong> If it is a clear and obvious PMCs should contact third parties known to be misusing their marks |
| and cc: trademarks@. When the PMC believes it's likely to be an unintentional |
| infringement, or if PMC members are personally familiar with the |
| third party potentially infringing, then any PMC member may contact the |
| third party by following our <a href="/foundation/marks/templates/"><strong>Guide For Contacting Third Parties</strong></a>.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| <div class=".pull-right" style="float:right; border-style:dotted; width:200px; padding:5px; margin:5px"> |
| <p>See Also: <a href="/foundation/marks/templates/">Contact Templates</a> and <a href="/foundation/marks/resources">Trademark Resources</a>.</p> |
| </div> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>The intent is to send a polite, non-confrontational email to the infringing |
| party, reminding them of the proper treatment of our trademarks. Do <strong>not</strong> |
| imply any legal action or suggest that lawyers need to be involved, |
| and do <strong>not</strong> issue any official endorsement or approval of |
| any third party uses of any Apache marks. In many cases, the third party may |
| not be aware that it's a trademark of Apache, or of specific trademark law, |
| and will happily comply. Be sure to use a signature that makes your |
| formal involvement with the project clear (i.e. as Apache Foo PMC member or VP).</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>For flagrant trademark infringements, work with VP Brand:</strong> if the third party use seems to be either a serious infringement, |
| or is obviously intentional, the PMC should work with Brand Management to craft |
| an official request to the third party. Brand Management will investigate if this |
| is an actual infringement, and then will lead the process with the PMC of |
| working with the third party to correct improper uses of Apache marks. |
| This process starts with an email discussion with the third party, and |
| may take some time.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>If the PMC does not get a positive reply to its request to any third |
| party in a reasonable amount of time, or any time legal counsel for a third party contacts you, you must <a href="/foundation/marks/contact#other">contact Brand Management</a> to decide |
| how to proceed. Also: PMC members other than the project VP do not have the power to grant <strong>any</strong> exceptions to Apache brand policy for third party use of Apache marks.</p> |
| <h2 id="members">Reporting potential misuse of Apache marks - how-to for Apache Members<a class="headerlink" href="#members" title="Permalink">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>If you are a Member of the ASF and spot any issues with any use of Apache trademarks, |
| contact trademarks@ and the private@ list for that PMC.</p> |
| <h2 id="apacheorg">How to report improper use of your trademarks by Apache projects<a class="headerlink" href="#apacheorg" title="Permalink">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>Apache projects always strive to be respectful of other organizations' |
| trademarks, but, as in all volunteer organizations, mistakes sometimes happen. |
| If you see any questionable use of trademarks on any |
| <code>apache.org</code> website - either of your marks |
| or of Apache marks - please contact the relevant project's PMC through |
| their private@<em>projectname</em>.apache.org mailing list.</p> |
| <p>If you are a third party with a serious concern about potential misuse of |
| your trademarks, and the relevant PMC is not responding to your official |
| requests in a timely manner, or if you are legal counsel, please |
| <a href="/foundation/marks/contact#other">contact our Brand Management Committee privately</a>.</p> |
| <h2 id="other">Other trademark guidelines<a class="headerlink" href="#other" title="Permalink">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>For more information about Apache marks, see our <a href="/foundation/marks/">formal Trademark |
| Policy</a>. PMC members should |
| also read the <a href="responsibility.html">PMC Branding Responsibilities</a> |
| and the <a href="pmcs.html">Project Website Requirements</a>. |
| See also the <a href="/foundation/marks/resources">site map of Trademark Resources</a>.</p> |
| <h2 id="notes">Important note<a class="headerlink" href="#notes" title="Permalink">¶</a></h2> |
| <p><strong>Nothing in this ASF policy statement shall be interpreted to allow any |
| third party to claim any association with the Apache Software Foundation or |
| any of its projects or to imply any approval or support by ASF for any |
| third party products, services, or events.</strong></p> |
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