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| <div class="container"> <h1 id="apache-voting-process">Apache Voting Process<a class="headerlink" href="#apache-voting-process" title="Permalink">¶</a></h1> |
| <p>Because one of the fundamental aspects of accomplishing things within the |
| Apache framework is doing so by consensus, we need a |
| way to tell whether we have reached consensus. We do this by voting.</p> |
| <p>There are essentially three types of vote:</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li> |
| <p>Procedural</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Code modifications</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Package releases</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| <p>Votes on <strong>procedural issues</strong> follow the common format of majority rule unless |
| otherwise stated. That is, if there are more favourable votes than |
| unfavourable ones, the issue is considered to have passed -- regardless of |
| the number of votes in each category. (If the number of votes seems too |
| small to be representative of a community consensus, the issue is typically |
| not pursued. However, see the description of <a href="#LazyConsensus">lazy |
| consensus</a> for a modifying factor.)</p> |
| <p>Votes on <strong>code modifications</strong> follow a different model. In this scenario, a |
| negative vote constitutes a <a href="#Veto">veto</a> , which the voting group (generally the PMC of a project) cannot override. |
| Again, this model may be modified by a <a href="#LazyConsensus">lazy consensus</a> |
| declaration when the request for a vote is raised, but the full-stop nature |
| of a negative vote does not change. Under normal (non-lazy consensus) |
| conditions, the proposal requires three positive votes and no negative votes |
| in order to pass; if it fails to garner the requisite amount of support, it |
| doesn't. Then the proposer either withdraws the proposal or modifies the code and resubmits it, |
| or the proposal simply languishes as an open issue until someone gets around to removing it.</p> |
| <p>Votes on whether a <strong>package</strong> is ready to release use yet a |
| different mechanism: are there are least three binding votes in favour of |
| the release? See the <a href="../legal/release-policy.html#release-approval">release policy</a> |
| for more information on voting and requirements for binding votes.</p> |
| <h2 id="binding-votes">Binding votes<a class="headerlink" href="#binding-votes" title="Permalink">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>Who can vote is, to some extent, a community-specific thing.</p> |
| <p>PMC members have formally binding votes, but in general communities encourage all their members to vote, |
| even if their votes are only advisory.</p> |
| <h2 id="implications-of-voting">Implications of voting<a class="headerlink" href="#implications-of-voting" title="Permalink">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>In some cases and communities, the exercise of a vote carries some |
| responsibilities that may not be immediately obvious. For example, in some |
| cases a favourable vote carries the implied message 'I approve <strong>and</strong> I'm |
| willing to help.' Also, an unfavourable vote may imply that 'I disapprove, |
| but I have an alternative and will help with that alternative.'</p> |
| <p>The community should spell out in its guidelines the tacit implications of voting. |
| However, <strong>in no case</strong> may someone's vote be considered |
| invalid if it does not appear to meet the implied commitment: a vote is a |
| formal expression of opinion, <em>not</em> of commitment.</p> |
| <p>If the <a href="#ReviewThenCommit">R-T-C</a> policy is in effect, a positive vote |
| carries the very strong implied message, 'I have tested this patch myself, |
| and found it good.' Similarly, a negative vote usually means that that the voter tested |
| the patch and found it to be <em>not</em> good, although the veto (for such it is |
| in this case) may be based on other technical grounds.</p> |
| <h2 id="expressing-votes-1-0-1-and-fractions">Expressing votes: +1, 0, -1, and fractions<a class="headerlink" href="#expressing-votes-1-0-1-and-fractions" title="Permalink">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>The voting process in Apache may seem more than a little weird if you've |
| never encountered it before. Votes are represented as numbers between -1 |
| and +1, with '-1' meaning 'no' and '+1' meaning 'yes.'</p> |
| <p>The in-between values indicate how strongly the voting individual |
| feels. Here are some examples of fractional votes and what the voter <em>might</em> be communicating with them:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>+0: 'I don't feel strongly about it, but I'm okay with this.'</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>-0: 'I won't get in the way, but I'd rather we didn't do this.'</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>-0.5: 'I don't like this idea, but I can't find any rational |
| justification for my feelings.'</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>++1: 'Wow! I like this! Let's <em>do</em> it!'</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>-0.9: 'I <em>really</em> don't like this, but I'm not going to stand in the way |
| if everyone else wants to go ahead with it.'</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>+0.9: 'This is a cool idea and i like it, but I don't have time/the |
| skills necessary to help out.'</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>Votes from PMC Members on releases must use +1, 0, -1 to be considered binding.</p> |
| <p>Voting periods should generally run for at least 72 hours to provide |
| an opportunity for all concerned persons to participate, regardless of their |
| geographic location.</p> |
| <h3 id="votes-on-code-modification">Votes on code modification<a class="headerlink" href="#votes-on-code-modification" title="Permalink">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>For code-modification votes, +1 votes are in favour of the proposal, but -1 |
| votes are <a href="#Veto">vetos</a> and kill the proposal dead until all vetoers |
| withdraw their -1 votes.</p> |
| <p>Unless the proposer declares that the vote is using <a href="#LazyConsensus">lazy consensus</a>, |
| three +1 votes are required for a code-modification proposal to pass.</p> |
| <p>We recommend whole numbers for this type of vote, as the opinion the voter is |
| expressing is Boolean: 'I approve/do not approve of this change.'</p> |
| <h3 id="ReleaseVotes">Votes on package releases<a class="headerlink" href="#ReleaseVotes" title="Permalink">¶</a></h3> |
| <p>Votes on whether a package is ready to release use |
| <a href="glossary.html#MajorityApproval">majority approval</a> -- |
| i.e. at least three PMC members must vote affirmatively |
| for release, and there must be more positive than negative votes. |
| <strong>Releases may not be vetoed.</strong> |
| Generally the community |
| will cancel the release vote if anyone identifies serious problems, but |
| in most cases the ultimate decision |
| lies with the individual serving as release manager. The |
| specifics of the process may vary from project to project, but the 'minimum |
| quorum of three +1 votes' rule is universal.</p> |
| <h2 id="Veto">Vetoes<a class="headerlink" href="#Veto" title="Permalink">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>A -1 vote by a qualified voter stops a code-modification proposal in its tracks. This constitutes a veto, and it cannot be overruled |
| nor overridden by anyone. Vetoes stand until and unless the individual withdraws their veto.</p> |
| <p>To prevent vetoes from being used capriciously, the voter must provide with the veto |
| a technical justification showing why the change is bad (opens a security |
| exposure, negatively affects performance, <em>etc.</em> ). A veto without a |
| justification is invalid and has no weight.</p> |
| <h2 id="LazyConsensus">Gauging consensus through silence<a class="headerlink" href="#LazyConsensus" title="Permalink">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>An alternative to voting is to measure the |
| acceptability of something using the concept of |
| <a href="glossary.html#LazyConsensus">lazy consensus</a>.</p> |
| <p>Lazy consensus is simply an announcement of 'silence gives assent.' When |
| someone wants to determine the sense of the community this way, they might do |
| so with a mail message such as:</p> |
| <pre><code>"The patch below fixes bug #8271847; if no-one objects within three |
| days, I'll assume lazy consensus and commit it." |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>You cannot apply lazy consensus to code changes when the |
| <a href="glossary.html#ReviewThenCommit">review-then-commit</a> policy is in effect.</p> |
| <h2 id="reasons-for-votes">Reasons for votes<a class="headerlink" href="#reasons-for-votes" title="Permalink">¶</a></h2> |
| <p>People tend to avoid conflict and thrash around looking for something to |
| substitute - somebody in charge, a rule, a process, stagnation. None of |
| these tend to be very good substitutes for doing the hard work of resolving |
| the conflict.</p> |
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