| <!DOCTYPE html> | |
| <!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]--> | |
| <!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]--> | |
| <head> | |
| <meta charset="utf-8"> | |
| <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> | |
| <title>The Usergrid Data Store — Apache Usergrid 2.x documentation</title> | |
| <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/css/theme.css" type="text/css" /> | |
| <link rel="top" title="Apache Usergrid 2.x documentation" href="../index.html"/> | |
| <link rel="next" title="Data Store Best Practices" href="optimizing-access.html"/> | |
| <link rel="prev" title="Using the API" href="../using-usergrid/using-the-api.html"/> | |
| <script src="../_static/js/modernizr.min.js"></script> | |
| </head> | |
| <body class="wy-body-for-nav" role="document"> | |
| <div class="wy-grid-for-nav"> | |
| <nav data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-side"> | |
| <div class="wy-side-nav-search"> | |
| <a href="../index.html" class="icon icon-home"> Apache Usergrid | |
| </a> | |
| <div class="version"> | |
| 2.x | |
| </div> | |
| <div role="search"> | |
| <form id="rtd-search-form" class="wy-form" action="../search.html" method="get"> | |
| <input type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search docs" /> | |
| <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> | |
| <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> | |
| </form> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <div class="wy-menu wy-menu-vertical" data-spy="affix" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> | |
| <p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Getting Started</span></p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../introduction/overview.html">Getting Started</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../introduction/usergrid-features.html">Usergrid Features</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../introduction/data-model.html">Usergrid Data model</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../introduction/async-vs-sync.html">Async vs. sync calls</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Using Usergrid</span></p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../using-usergrid/creating-account.html">Creating a Usergrid Account</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../using-usergrid/creating-a-new-application.html">Creating a new application</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../using-usergrid/using-a-sandbox-app.html">Using a Sandbox Application</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../using-usergrid/using-the-api.html">Using the API</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Data Storage</span></p> | |
| <ul class="current"> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="">The Usergrid Data Store</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="optimizing-access.html">Data Store Best Practices</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="collections.html">Collections</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="entities.html">Entities</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Data Queries</span></p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../data-queries/querying-your-data.html">Querying your data</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../data-queries/query-parameters.html">Query parameters & clauses</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../data-queries/operators-and-types.html">Query operators & data types</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../data-queries/advanced-query-usage.html">Advanced query usage</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Entity Connections</span></p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../entity-connections/connecting-entities.html">Connecting entities</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../entity-connections/retrieving-entities.html">Retrieving connections</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../entity-connections/disconnecting-entities.html">Disconnecting entities</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Push Notifications</span></p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../push-notifications/overview.html">Push notifications overview</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../push-notifications/adding-push-support.html">Adding push notifications support</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../push-notifications/getting-started.html">Getting started with push notifications</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../push-notifications/tutorial.html">Tutorial: Push notifications sample app</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../push-notifications/registering.html">Registering with a notification service</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../push-notifications/creating-notifiers.html">Creating notifiers</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../push-notifications/managing-users-and-devices.html">Managing users and devices</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../push-notifications/creating-and-managing-notifications.html">Creating and managing notifications</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../push-notifications/troubleshooting.html">Troubleshooting</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Security & Authentication</span></p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../security-and-auth/app-security.html">Security & token authentication</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../security-and-auth/using-permissions.html">Using permissions</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../security-and-auth/using-roles.html">Using roles</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../security-and-auth/authenticating-users-and-application-clients.html">Authenticating users & app clients</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../security-and-auth/user-authentication-types.html">Authentication levels</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../security-and-auth/changing-token-time-live-ttl.html">Changing token expiration (time-to-live)</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../security-and-auth/authenticating-api-requests.html">Authenticating API requests</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../security-and-auth/revoking-tokens-logout.html">Revoking tokens (logout)</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../security-and-auth/facebook-sign.html">Facebook sign in</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../security-and-auth/securing-your-app.html">Security best practices</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">User Management & Social Graph</span></p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../user-management/user-management.html">User management & social graph</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../user-management/working-user-data.html">Working with User Data</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../user-management/group.html">Working with group data</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../user-management/activity.html">Activity</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../user-management/user-connections.html">Social Graph Connections</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../user-management/user-connections.html#creating-other-connections">Creating other connections</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../user-management/messagee-example.html">App Example - Messagee</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Geo-location</span></p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../geolocation/geolocation.html">Geolocating your Entities</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Assets & Files</span></p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../assets-and-files/uploading-assets.html">Uploading assets</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../assets-and-files/retrieving-assets.html">Retrieving assets</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../assets-and-files/folders.html">Folders</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Counters & Events</span></p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../counters-and-events/events-and-counters.html">Counters & events</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../counters-and-events/creating-and-incrementing-counters.html">Creating & incrementing counters</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../counters-and-events/creating-and-incrementing-counters.html#decrementing-resetting-counters">Decrementing/resetting counters</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../counters-and-events/creating-and-incrementing-counters.html#using-counters-hierarchically">Using counters hierarchically</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../counters-and-events/retrieving-counters.html">Retrieving counters</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Organizations & Applications</span></p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../orgs-and-apps/managing.html">Organization & application management</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../orgs-and-apps/organization.html">Organization</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../orgs-and-apps/application.html">Application</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../orgs-and-apps/admin-user.html">Admin user</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">API Reference</span></p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../rest-endpoints/api-docs.html">Methods</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../rest-endpoints/api-docs.html#models">Models</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../rest-endpoints/api-docs.html#sub-types">Sub-Types</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Client SDKs</span></p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../sdks/tbd.html">COMING SOON...</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">Installing Usergrid</span></p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../installation/deployment-guide.html">Usergrid 2.1.0 Deployment Guide</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p class="caption"><span class="caption-text">More about Usergrid</span></p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/presos-and-videos.html">Presentations & Videos</a></li> | |
| <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="../reference/contribute-code.html">How to Contribute Code & Docs</a></li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </div> | |
| | |
| </nav> | |
| <section data-toggle="wy-nav-shift" class="wy-nav-content-wrap"> | |
| <nav class="wy-nav-top" role="navigation" aria-label="top navigation"> | |
| <i data-toggle="wy-nav-top" class="fa fa-bars"></i> | |
| <a href="../index.html">Apache Usergrid</a> | |
| </nav> | |
| <div class="wy-nav-content"> | |
| <div class="rst-content"> | |
| <div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation"> | |
| <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs"> | |
| <li><a href="../index.html">Docs</a> »</li> | |
| <li>The Usergrid Data Store</li> | |
| <li class="wy-breadcrumbs-aside"> | |
| <a href="../_sources/data-storage/data-store-dbms.txt" rel="nofollow"> View page source</a> | |
| </li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <hr/> | |
| </div> | |
| <div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"> | |
| <div itemprop="articleBody"> | |
| <div class="section" id="the-usergrid-data-store"> | |
| <h1>The Usergrid Data Store<a class="headerlink" href="#the-usergrid-data-store" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> | |
| <p>The Usergrid data store is backed by Cassandra, an open source | |
| distributed DBMS. Cassandra isn’t a relational database system (RDBMS), | |
| and is sometimes placed in the category of “NoSQL” or “schema-less” | |
| databases.</p> | |
| <!-- workaround a Sphinx bug --> | |
| <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title"><p>Note</p> | |
| </p> <p class="last"><p>Usergrid is not a relational database. Optimizing for performance on a | |
| non-relational database like Cassandra differs a bit from relational | |
| databases. For more information, see <a class="reference external" href="../data-storage/optimizing-access.html">Optimizing access to your Usergrid | |
| data store</a>.</p> | |
| </p> </div><p>Cassandra is specifically designed to support applications that need | |
| flexibility and high scalability, particularly web and mobile | |
| applications. Usergrid client applications write and read data formatted | |
| as JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). (Usergrid provides SDKs through | |
| which client apps can do much of this work in their native language. For | |
| more information, see <a class="reference external" href="../sdks/tbd.html">Usergrid SDKs</a>.)</p> | |
| <p>With Cassandra as the underlying DBMS, apps benefit from:</p> | |
| <p>Fast writes to the data store. * A distributed architecture that means | |
| no single point of failure. * Flexibility in data model design. You | |
| aren’t constrained by a schema. * Linear scalability.</p> | |
| <p>If you have experience with relational databases and are unfamiliar with | |
| “NoSQL” databases, the following table might be a helpful start. It maps | |
| the high-level concepts of an RDBMS’s data model both to Cassandra’s and | |
| to the Usergrid, which is backed by Cassandra.</p> | |
| <table class="usergrid-table"> | |
| <tr> | |
| <th></th> | |
| <th><p>RDBMS</p> | |
| </th> | |
| <th><p>Cassandra</p> | |
| </th> | |
| <th><p>Usergrid</p> | |
| </th> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td><p>Each tuple is modeled as</p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td><p>A row.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td><p>A row.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td><p>An entity. Written and retrieved as JSON, an entity contains values for | |
| all of its properties in the way a row has values for columns.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td><p>Each data attribute is modeled as</p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td><p>A column.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td><p>A column. Many thousands of columns are supported.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td><p>A entity property. An entity has a default set of properties, including | |
| the entity’s UUID. You can add many more to support your application.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| <tr> | |
| <td><p>Each group of attributes is modeled as</p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td><p>A table.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td><p>A column family. Unlike rows in tables, rows in a column family can have | |
| differing numbers of columns. Because you’re not using a schema to | |
| define the model, you can update the column list for a row at any time.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| <td><p>An entity collection. As with its underlying Cassandra column family, a | |
| collection can have entities with differing numbers of properties. In | |
| other words, just because one entity has an authorId property doesn’t | |
| mean that other entities in its collection need to.</p> | |
| </td> | |
| </tr> | |
| </table><p>The following examples from a product database provide simple | |
| illustrations of these differences.</p> | |
| <p>An RDBMS table has a schema-defined set of columns per row.</p> | |
| <img alt="../_images/rdbms.png" src="../_images/rdbms.png" /> | |
| <p>A Cassandra column family includes rows that can have differing column | |
| sets.</p> | |
| <img alt="../_images/cassandra.png" src="../_images/cassandra.png" /> | |
| <p>In the JSON from the Usergrid application, the products are represented | |
| as entities. Note that each entity in the entities array below has a | |
| slightly different set of properties, like the columns in a Cassandra | |
| column family.</p> | |
| <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="p">{</span> | |
| <span class="s">"action"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"get"</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"application"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"<app_uuid>"</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"params"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{},</span> | |
| <span class="s">"path"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"/products"</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"uri"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"https://api.usergrid.com/my_org/my_app/products"</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"entities"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="p">{</span> | |
| <span class="s">"uuid"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"<product_uuid>"</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"type"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"product"</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"created"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1395410098517</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"modified"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1395410098517</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"image"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"http://path.jpg"</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"metadata"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span> | |
| <span class="s">"path"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"/products/<product_uuid>"</span> | |
| <span class="p">},</span> | |
| <span class="s">"name"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"Bouncy Castle"</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"sku"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"35450349822"</span> | |
| <span class="p">},</span> | |
| <span class="p">{</span> | |
| <span class="s">"uuid"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"<product_uuid>"</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"type"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"product"</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"created"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1395409669686</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"modified"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1395409669686</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"image"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"http://path.jpg"</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"metadata"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span> | |
| <span class="s">"path"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"/products/<product_uuid>"</span> | |
| <span class="p">},</span> | |
| <span class="s">"description"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"It makes coffee."</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"name"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"Coffee Maker"</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"sku"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"60723023589"</span> | |
| <span class="p">},</span> | |
| <span class="p">{</span> | |
| <span class="s">"uuid"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"<product_uuid>"</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"type"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"product"</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"created"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1395407700578</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"modified"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1395407700578</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"metadata"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">{</span> | |
| <span class="s">"path"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"/products/<product_uuid>"</span> | |
| <span class="p">},</span> | |
| <span class="s">"name"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"Air Mattress"</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"sku"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"53045985365"</span> | |
| <span class="p">}],</span> | |
| <span class="s">"timestamp"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1396290037640</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"duration"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">91</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"organization"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"my_org"</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"applicationName"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="s">"my_app"</span><span class="p">,</span> | |
| <span class="s">"count"</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">3</span> | |
| <span class="p">}</span> | |
| </pre></div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <footer> | |
| <div class="rst-footer-buttons" role="navigation" aria-label="footer navigation"> | |
| <a href="optimizing-access.html" class="btn btn-neutral float-right" title="Data Store Best Practices" accesskey="n">Next <span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right"></span></a> | |
| <a href="../using-usergrid/using-the-api.html" class="btn btn-neutral" title="Using the API" accesskey="p"><span class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left"></span> Previous</a> | |
| </div> | |
| <hr/> | |
| <div role="contentinfo"> | |
| <p> | |
| © Copyright 2013-2015, Apache Usergrid. | |
| </p> | |
| </div> | |
| Built with <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> using a <a href="https://github.com/snide/sphinx_rtd_theme">theme</a> provided by <a href="https://readthedocs.org">Read the Docs</a>. | |
| </footer> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </section> | |
| </div> | |
| <script type="text/javascript"> | |
| var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { | |
| URL_ROOT:'../', | |
| VERSION:'2.x', | |
| COLLAPSE_INDEX:false, | |
| FILE_SUFFIX:'.html', | |
| HAS_SOURCE: true | |
| }; | |
| </script> | |
| <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> | |
| <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> | |
| <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> | |
| <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/js/theme.js"></script> | |
| <script type="text/javascript"> | |
| jQuery(function () { | |
| SphinxRtdTheme.StickyNav.enable(); | |
| }); | |
| </script> | |
| </body> | |
| </html> |