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   <section><a id="Turbine_Python_Support"></a>
 <h1>Turbine Python Support</h1>

 <p>
     Turbine has support for creating assemblers (see the <a href="fsd.html">
     specifications</a>) with Python, by making use of
     <a href="http://www.jpython.org" class="externalLink">JPython technology</a>.
   </p>

 <p>
     The first question that comes to mind is why one would want do to something
     like this.  Here are some of the reasons you might want to do this:
   </p>

 <ul>

 <li>
             Python is an interpreted language which means that you do not have
             to recompile and copy a new jar each time you make changes.
         </li>


 <li>
             Although Python is interpreted it is compiled to java bytecode.
             Performance is on par with native java code.
         </li>


 <li>
             Python is very easy to learn.  This, together with the fact that
             you don't need to use a compiler, makes it possible for people with
             little java experience to create screens.
         </li>


 <li>
             You can rapidly build a prototype using python, and later on find
             that it is not necessary to systematically move to java :-)
         </li>
     </ul>
   </section>

   <section><a id="Setting_Up_Python_for_Turbine"></a>
 <h1>Setting Up Python for Turbine</h1>

 <p>
         The first thing is to download JPython from www.jpython.org and copy
         the jpython.jar file into your turibe/lib directory.  Now you need to
         prepare and compile the jpython files like this:
 </p>
 <pre class="prettyprint"><code>
 build prepare-python
 build jar
 </code></pre>
         This will create a new turbine library that contains the Python code.
         You need to copy this new .jar file to your application's lib
         directory.


 <p>
         Now we need to edit the TurbineResources.properties.  Add the following
         keys to your application's properties:
     </p>

 <pre class="prettyprint"><code>
 services.AssemblerBrokerService.assembler.screen=
 org.apache.turbine.util.assemblerbroker.python.PythonScreenFactory
 services.AssemblerBrokerService.assembler.action=
 org.apache.turbine.util.assemblerbroker.python.PythonActionFactory

 services.AssemblerBrokerService.python.path=/path/to/python
 </code></pre>

 <p>
         The first two registers the Python Assembler Factories with the
         AssemblerBrokerService.  The last line tells the Python interpreter
         where to find all the .py files for your application.
     </p>

 <p>
         In the root of your services.AssemblerBrokerService.python.path
         you need to add a file named config.py that looks like this:
     </p>


 <pre class="prettyprint"><code>
 import java

 from java.io import *
 from java.util import *

 sys.add_package(&quot;org.apache.turbine.modules.screens&quot;)
 sys.add_package(&quot;org.apache.turbine.modules&quot;)
 sys.add_package(&quot;org.apache.turbine.util.db&quot;)
 sys.add_package(&quot;org.apache.turbine.util&quot;)
 sys.add_package(&quot;org.apache.turbine.services.security.TurbineSecurity&quot;)
 sys.add_package(&quot;org.webmacro.servlet&quot;)


 from org.apache.turbine.modules.screens  import WebMacroSiteScreen
 from org.apache.turbine.modules          import Action
 from org.apache.turbine.util.db          import Criteria
 from org.apache.turbine.util             import RunData
 from org.webmacro.servlet                import WebContext
 from org.apache.turbine.services.security   import TurbineSecurity
 </code></pre>


 <p>
         JPython sometimes gets a bit confused with the Servlet Engine
         classloader, which forces us to call sys.add_package for each java
         package that we wish to use in our Python code.  You also need to
         import all the classes that you wish to use explicitly.  You needn't
         add the classes here, but it avoid some duplicate declarations at the
         top of each screen/action.
     </p>
     </section>

     <section><a id="Using_Python_with_Turbine"></a>
 <h1>Using Python with Turbine</h1>

 <p>
         To create python screens we use exactly the same methodology than for
         normal java screens.  First you need a /screens subdirectory in your
         services.AssemblerBrokerService.python.path.  This is where your
         screen code will live.  Layouts goes in /layouts, actions in /actions
         and so forth (just remember to register the appropriate assembler
         factories).
     </p>

 <p>
         I'm going to create a sample WebMacro screen.  First we need a .py file
         where this screen can live.  The .py file should have the same name as
         your .wm file and it must be all lower case.  Inside this file we
         create a new class with the same name as the file, but in this the
         first letter is uppercase (the rest is always lower case).  To override
         a method is fairly simple (just create a new method with the same
         name).
     </p>

 <p>
         There is one problem however - Python does not support method
         overloading based on type signatures, so usually the simplest for is
         used, which is doBuildTemplate( RunData data ) for WebMacroSiteScreen
         in stead of doBuildTemplate( RunData data, WebContext context ).  You
         have two options to overcome this problem. (1) Create a new superclass
         that exposes a method under a different name or (2) just call
         getContext in your python code.  I usually just go for the second
         option because it is fairly straight forward anyway.
     </p>

 <p>
         Now for the code.  Let's create a screen called Test.  First create a
         test.wm file (I assumer everybody knows how to do this).  Now create a
         test.py and place it in the python-path/screens directory.  It should
         look something like this:
     </p>


 <pre class="prettyprint"><code>
 class Subjectslist(WebMacroSiteScreen):
    def doBuildTemplate (self,data):
         context = self.getContext(data)
         context.put (&quot;me&quot;,&quot;Leon&quot;)
         context.put (&quot;text&quot;,&quot;Python is cool&quot;);
 </code></pre>


 <p>
         For more information about the self parameter see the Python docs.  You
         can call any java code that you would normally be able to use (just
         remember to add it to conf.py) including database, services, etc. You
         can also freely use any of the Python built-in types and any Python
         module that was built on 100% pure Python.
     </p>
   </section>


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	<section><a id="Turbine_Python_Support"></a>
	<h1>Turbine Python Support</h1>

	<p>
	Turbine has support for creating assemblers (see the <a href="fsd.html">
	specifications</a>) with Python, by making use of
	<a href="http://www.jpython.org" class="externalLink">JPython technology</a>.
	</p>

	<p>
	The first question that comes to mind is why one would want do to something
	like this. Here are some of the reasons you might want to do this:
	</p>

	<ul>

	<li>
	Python is an interpreted language which means that you do not have
	to recompile and copy a new jar each time you make changes.
	</li>


	<li>
	Although Python is interpreted it is compiled to java bytecode.
	Performance is on par with native java code.
	</li>


	<li>
	Python is very easy to learn. This, together with the fact that
	you don't need to use a compiler, makes it possible for people with
	little java experience to create screens.
	</li>


	<li>
	You can rapidly build a prototype using python, and later on find
	that it is not necessary to systematically move to java :-)
	</li>
	</ul>
	</section>

	<section><a id="Setting_Up_Python_for_Turbine"></a>
	<h1>Setting Up Python for Turbine</h1>

	<p>
	The first thing is to download JPython from www.jpython.org and copy
	the jpython.jar file into your turibe/lib directory. Now you need to
	prepare and compile the jpython files like this:
	</p>
	<pre class="prettyprint"><code>
	build prepare-python
	build jar
	</code></pre>
	This will create a new turbine library that contains the Python code.
	You need to copy this new .jar file to your application's lib
	directory.


	<p>
	Now we need to edit the TurbineResources.properties. Add the following
	keys to your application's properties:
	</p>

	<pre class="prettyprint"><code>
	services.AssemblerBrokerService.assembler.screen=
	org.apache.turbine.util.assemblerbroker.python.PythonScreenFactory
	services.AssemblerBrokerService.assembler.action=
	org.apache.turbine.util.assemblerbroker.python.PythonActionFactory

	services.AssemblerBrokerService.python.path=/path/to/python
	</code></pre>

	<p>
	The first two registers the Python Assembler Factories with the
	AssemblerBrokerService. The last line tells the Python interpreter
	where to find all the .py files for your application.
	</p>

	<p>
	In the root of your services.AssemblerBrokerService.python.path
	you need to add a file named config.py that looks like this:
	</p>


	<pre class="prettyprint"><code>
	import java

	from java.io import *
	from java.util import *

	sys.add_package("org.apache.turbine.modules.screens")
	sys.add_package("org.apache.turbine.modules")
	sys.add_package("org.apache.turbine.util.db")
	sys.add_package("org.apache.turbine.util")
	sys.add_package("org.apache.turbine.services.security.TurbineSecurity")
	sys.add_package("org.webmacro.servlet")


	from org.apache.turbine.modules.screens import WebMacroSiteScreen
	from org.apache.turbine.modules import Action
	from org.apache.turbine.util.db import Criteria
	from org.apache.turbine.util import RunData
	from org.webmacro.servlet import WebContext
	from org.apache.turbine.services.security import TurbineSecurity
	</code></pre>


	<p>
	JPython sometimes gets a bit confused with the Servlet Engine
	classloader, which forces us to call sys.add_package for each java
	package that we wish to use in our Python code. You also need to
	import all the classes that you wish to use explicitly. You needn't
	add the classes here, but it avoid some duplicate declarations at the
	top of each screen/action.
	</p>
	</section>

	<section><a id="Using_Python_with_Turbine"></a>
	<h1>Using Python with Turbine</h1>

	<p>
	To create python screens we use exactly the same methodology than for
	normal java screens. First you need a /screens subdirectory in your
	services.AssemblerBrokerService.python.path. This is where your
	screen code will live. Layouts goes in /layouts, actions in /actions
	and so forth (just remember to register the appropriate assembler
	factories).
	</p>

	<p>
	I'm going to create a sample WebMacro screen. First we need a .py file
	where this screen can live. The .py file should have the same name as
	your .wm file and it must be all lower case. Inside this file we
	create a new class with the same name as the file, but in this the
	first letter is uppercase (the rest is always lower case). To override
	a method is fairly simple (just create a new method with the same
	name).
	</p>

	<p>
	There is one problem however - Python does not support method
	overloading based on type signatures, so usually the simplest for is
	used, which is doBuildTemplate( RunData data ) for WebMacroSiteScreen
	in stead of doBuildTemplate( RunData data, WebContext context ). You
	have two options to overcome this problem. (1) Create a new superclass
	that exposes a method under a different name or (2) just call
	getContext in your python code. I usually just go for the second
	option because it is fairly straight forward anyway.
	</p>

	<p>
	Now for the code. Let's create a screen called Test. First create a
	test.wm file (I assumer everybody knows how to do this). Now create a
	test.py and place it in the python-path/screens directory. It should
	look something like this:
	</p>


	<pre class="prettyprint"><code>
	class Subjectslist(WebMacroSiteScreen):
	def doBuildTemplate (self,data):
	context = self.getContext(data)
	context.put ("me","Leon")
	context.put ("text","Python is cool");
	</code></pre>


	<p>
	For more information about the self parameter see the Python docs. You
	can call any java code that you would normally be able to use (just
	remember to add it to conf.py) including database, services, etc. You
	can also freely use any of the Python built-in types and any Python
	module that was built on 100% pure Python.
	</p>
	</section>


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