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 <section><a id="Important_note"></a>
 <h1>Important note</h1>

 <p>
     The information in this HOWTO pertains to Turbine 2.2.  Please refer
     to the <a href="migrate-from-2_2-howto.html">Migrating from
     2.2 to 2.3</a> page for information on migating to Turbine 2.3.
 </p>
 </section>

 <section><a id="Introduction"></a>
 <h1>Introduction</h1>

 <p>
     This document describes the basic steps needed to migrate an
     application written for Turbine 2.1 to Turbine 2.2 using the
     decoupled Torque.
 </p>

 <p>
     You may find that migrating to 2.2 is not all that difficult.
     Of course, this depends quite a bit on how much of Turbine your
     application actually uses.  You may find migrating to 2.2 to be
     quite a chore, but it is well worth the effort. Most of the
     pain in figuring out this migration process has been documented
     in the mailing list archives, but is summarized here for your
     convenience.
 </p>
 </section>

 <section><a id="Cleanup"></a>
 <h1>Cleanup</h1>

 <p>
     Start off with deleting all of the objects that Torque generated
     for you. I am talking about om.map.* and om.Base*. You will be
     able to regenerate them later during the migration process.
 </p>
 </section>

 <section><a id="Build_and_Properties_Files"></a>
 <h1>Build and Properties Files</h1>

 <p>
     The structure of the build files used by Turbine has changed
     quite a bit with the 2.2 release. The easiest way of obtaining
     a reference set of property (and build files) is to install
     version 2.2 of the TDK and generate the demo application.
 </p>

 <p>
     From the demo application you should:
     </p>
 <ul>

 <li>Merge <code>tdk-2.2/webapps/newapp/WEB-INF/conf/build.properties</code>
         with your existing properties file.</li>

 <li>Copy <code>build-torque.xml</code> from the demo application
         to your build directory.</li>

 <li>Copy <code>project-build.xml</code> from the demo application
         to your build directory.</li>

 <li>Merge <code>build.xml</code> from the demo application
         to your existing build file (if you have only ever used the
         default build file supplied with the tdk then I assume you
         can just replace your file with the new one).</li>

 <li>Copy <code>WEB-INF/conf/TurbineResources.template</code> and
         <code>WEB-INF/conf/Torque.template</code>) to your application
         and apply changes as needed (it is up to you as to how much you
         hard code into your application template and how much you allow
         to be processed into the resulting properties files by way of
         <code>build.properties</code> or the other property files).</li>
     </ul>


 <p>
     See the Torque
   <a href="http://db.apache.org/torque/properties-reference.html" class="externalLink">
     Properties Reference</a> for full details of the available properties.
 </p>
 </section>

 <section><a id="Libraries"></a>
 <h1>Libraries</h1>

 <p>
     Turbine and Torque use updated versions of a number of
     libraries (jar files). Take a look at the WEB-INF/lib directory
     of the TDK sample application to see which libraries have been
     updated and replace the files in the lib directory of your
     application as needed.
 </p>

 <p>
     Note that if you have applied local changes to Turbine itself
     then you should ensure that your changes have made it into the
     Turbine 2.2 and Torque 3.0 releases.  If any of your changes
     have not made it then you will need to port these changes forward
     and build your own versions of the Turbine and Torque jar files
     (while you are there you may as well create patches and submit
     them to the relevant modules in Scarab so that they can be
     included in future releases).
 </p>

 <p>
     By default Torque will utilize a set of  Velocity templates that
     you need to extract from the Torque jar file (see the
     <code>torque.templatePath</code> property). Unless you have a
     need to alter these templates you may prefer to use these directly
     from the jar file.  To do this you need to set the
     <code>torque.useClasspath</code> property to <code>true</code> in
     <code>build.peoperties</code>.  In any case, you should either
     replace or delete the old versions of these templates from your
     existing project.
 </p>
 </section>

 <section><a id="Import_Statements"></a>
 <h1>Import Statements</h1>

 <p>
     Many of your import statements will need to be changed. This is
     due to the decoupled version of Torque. This will take care of
     most of the changes due to refactoring. There will still be a
     few cases (discussed later) where the methods have been changed and/or
     moved to different classes.
 </p>

 <p>
     <a href="http://db.apache.org/torque/changes.html#Torque%203.0-b3" class="externalLink">
     [Here]</a> is list of the most common import changes.
 </p>
 </section>

 <section><a id="Transactions_and_obtaining_database_connections"></a>
 <h1>Transactions and obtaining database connections</h1>

 <p>
     org.apache.turbine.util.db.DBConnection is gone. The replacement
     is java.sql.Connection. This was a wrapper class from the
     Connection object. It was returned when you asked for a database
     connection. The new version of Torque will simply return a
     Connection object.
 </p>

 <p>
     org.apache.turbine.services.db.TurbineDB is gone. The replacement
     is org.apache.torque.Torque. This was mainly used to obtain
     database connections and the name of the default database. All
     of this functionality is in the new class.
 </p>

 <p>
     Below is an example of how you might have been obtaining database
     connections in version 2.1.
 </p>


 <pre class="prettyprint"><code>

 DBConnection dbConn = null;
 try
 {
     dbConn = TurbineDB.getConnection();
     // Do something with the connection here...
 }
 catch (Exception e)
 {
     // Either from obtaining the connection or from your application code.
 }
 finally
 {
     try
     {
         TurbineDB.releaseConnection(dbConn);
     }
     catch (Exception e)
     {
         // Error releasing database connection back to pool.
     }
 }

 </code></pre>

 <p>
     Using the new version of Torque this would be rewritten as follows.
 </p>

 <pre class="prettyprint"><code>

 Connection conn = null;
 try
 {
     conn = Torque.getConnection();
     // Do something with the connection here...
 }
 catch (TorqueException ex)
 {
     // Either from obtaining the connection or from your application code.
 	Log.error(ex);
 }
 finally
 {
     Torque.closeConnection(conn);
 }

 </code></pre>

 <p>
     Support for transactions has been moved from org.apache.turbine.om.BasePeer
     into org.apache.torque.util.Transaction. The method names have changed
     slightly as well. Here is an example of using transactions in 2.1.
 </p>

 <pre class="prettyprint"><code>

 DBConnection dbConn = null;
 try
 {
     dbConn = BasePeer.beginTrasaction(TurbineDB.getDefaultDB?());
     someObject.save(dbConn);
     someOtherObject.save(dbConn);
     BasePeer.commitTransaction(dbConn);
 }
 catch (Exception e)
 {
     // Either from obtaining the connection or from your application code.
     BasePeer?.rollbackTransaction(dbConn);
 }

 </code></pre>

 <p>
     This would now be written as shown below.
 </p>

 <pre class="prettyprint"><code>

 Connection conn = null;
 try
 {
     conn = Transaction.begin(Torque.getDefaultDB());
     someObject.save(conn);
     someOtherObject.save(conn);
     Transaction.commit(conn);
 }
 catch (TorqueException ex)
 {
     try
     {
         Transaction.rollback(conn);
     }
     catch (TorqueException ex2)
     {
         Log.error(ex2);
     }
     Log.error(ex);
 }

 </code></pre>
 </section>

 <section><a id="Vector_becomes_List"></a>
 <h1>Vector becomes List</h1>

 <p>
     Methods generated by Torque that previously had a return type of
     <code>Vector</code> now have a return type of <code>List</code>.
     If you have not already been doing so you should switch to
     retrieving the results of these methods into variables declared
     as <code>List</code>.  While you are at it you might like to
     update any of your own code to use <code>ArrayList</code> in
     preference to <code>Vector</code>.
 </p>
 </section>

 <section><a id="Exception_becomes_TorqueException"></a>
 <h1>Exception becomes TorqueException</h1>

 <p>
     Methods generated by Torque now throw <code>TorqueException</code>
     rather than <code>Exception</code>.  You might like to update
     your code to match.
 </p>

 <p>
     Note that the exception thrown by <code>save()</code> methods is
     determined by the Torque property <code>torque.saveException</code>
     which defaults to <code>Exception</code>.
 </p>
 </section>

 <section><a id="Extending_Turbine_User"></a>
 <h1>Extending Turbine User</h1>

 <p>
     See
     <a href="http://turbine.apache.org/turbine-2/howto/extend-user-howto.html" class="externalLink">
     Extending Turbine User How-To</a> for this information.
 </p>
 </section>

 <section><a id="Changes_to_the_OM_classes"></a>
 <h1>Changes to the OM classes</h1>

 <p>
     Read over the Torque Schema Reference to find out what to change
     in your project-schema.xml file. The main changes are the
     deprecation of sequence and autoIncrement idMethods and the
     addition of the javaType attribute to column elements
     (Torque can now work with object types).
 </p>

 <p>
     If you used inheritance, you will run need to specify
     abstract=&quot;true&quot; for the tables which have abstract base
     classes. When you do this, you will need to implement the
     copy() method in your subclasses. An example is provided below.
 </p>

 <pre class="prettyprint"><code>

 public &lt;base class&gt; copy() throws TorqueException
 {
     return copyInto(new &lt;sub class&gt;());
 }

 </code></pre>

 <p>
     Atributes defined as primary keys are no longer generated
     as NumberKey objects. They are now Integer or int (depending
     on the javaType specified in project-schema.xml).
 </p>

 <p>
     If you have a turbine-schema.xml file in your WEB-INF/conf
     directory, the project-om ant task will generate all of the
     Turbine*, BaseTurbine*, and map.Turbine* objects for you.
     These will not be used by Turbine. They will only confuse
     you. The best thing to do for this is to rename your
     turbine-schema.xml file to something like turbine-schema.nogenerate.
 </p>
 </section>

 <section><a id="XML-RPC_service"></a>
 <h1>XML-RPC service</h1>

 <p>
     My TurbineResources.properties did not have settings to
     configure the secure options. This caused initialization
     of the service to fail. To fix this, I simply obtained all
     of the configuration settings from the TurbineResources.properties
     included with the source version.
 </p>

 <p>
     The service does not listen on the loopback interface by default
     any longer. There were no other changes that are required to get
     this service up and running under T2.2.
 </p>
 </section>

 <section><a id="Other_services"></a>
 <h1>Other services</h1>

 <p>
     Intake, Security, and Scheduler all work without a problem
     after migrating to T2.2.
 </p>
 </section>

 <section><a id="Maven"></a>
 <h1>Maven</h1>

 <p>
     You may like to consider using
     <a href="http://maven.apache.org/maven-1.x/" class="externalLink">Maven</a> to
     build your project.  The document
     <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/turbine/TDK/Maven" class="externalLink">
     Starting your project and database with TDK2.2 and Maven</a>
     provides some information that can be adapted for this purpose
     (jump down to the &quot;Moving The Sample&quot; heading for the
     documentation relevant to an existing project).
 </p>
 </section>

 <section><a id="Updates_to_this_document"></a>
 <h1>Updates to this document</h1>

 <p>
     This document is by no means complete or totally accurate. We welcome
     suggestions as to how it might be improved, particularly if you have
     just completed migrating an application by following this howto.
 </p>
 </section>


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	<section><a id="Important_note"></a>
	<h1>Important note</h1>

	<p>
	The information in this HOWTO pertains to Turbine 2.2. Please refer
	to the <a href="migrate-from-2_2-howto.html">Migrating from
	2.2 to 2.3</a> page for information on migating to Turbine 2.3.
	</p>
	</section>

	<section><a id="Introduction"></a>
	<h1>Introduction</h1>

	<p>
	This document describes the basic steps needed to migrate an
	application written for Turbine 2.1 to Turbine 2.2 using the
	decoupled Torque.
	</p>

	<p>
	You may find that migrating to 2.2 is not all that difficult.
	Of course, this depends quite a bit on how much of Turbine your
	application actually uses. You may find migrating to 2.2 to be
	quite a chore, but it is well worth the effort. Most of the
	pain in figuring out this migration process has been documented
	in the mailing list archives, but is summarized here for your
	convenience.
	</p>
	</section>

	<section><a id="Cleanup"></a>
	<h1>Cleanup</h1>

	<p>
	Start off with deleting all of the objects that Torque generated
	for you. I am talking about om.map.* and om.Base*. You will be
	able to regenerate them later during the migration process.
	</p>
	</section>

	<section><a id="Build_and_Properties_Files"></a>
	<h1>Build and Properties Files</h1>

	<p>
	The structure of the build files used by Turbine has changed
	quite a bit with the 2.2 release. The easiest way of obtaining
	a reference set of property (and build files) is to install
	version 2.2 of the TDK and generate the demo application.
	</p>

	<p>
	From the demo application you should:
	</p>
	<ul>

	<li>Merge <code>tdk-2.2/webapps/newapp/WEB-INF/conf/build.properties</code>
	with your existing properties file.</li>

	<li>Copy <code>build-torque.xml</code> from the demo application
	to your build directory.</li>

	<li>Copy <code>project-build.xml</code> from the demo application
	to your build directory.</li>

	<li>Merge <code>build.xml</code> from the demo application
	to your existing build file (if you have only ever used the
	default build file supplied with the tdk then I assume you
	can just replace your file with the new one).</li>

	<li>Copy <code>WEB-INF/conf/TurbineResources.template</code> and
	<code>WEB-INF/conf/Torque.template</code>) to your application
	and apply changes as needed (it is up to you as to how much you
	hard code into your application template and how much you allow
	to be processed into the resulting properties files by way of
	<code>build.properties</code> or the other property files).</li>
	</ul>


	<p>
	See the Torque
	<a href="http://db.apache.org/torque/properties-reference.html" class="externalLink">
	Properties Reference</a> for full details of the available properties.
	</p>
	</section>

	<section><a id="Libraries"></a>
	<h1>Libraries</h1>

	<p>
	Turbine and Torque use updated versions of a number of
	libraries (jar files). Take a look at the WEB-INF/lib directory
	of the TDK sample application to see which libraries have been
	updated and replace the files in the lib directory of your
	application as needed.
	</p>

	<p>
	Note that if you have applied local changes to Turbine itself
	then you should ensure that your changes have made it into the
	Turbine 2.2 and Torque 3.0 releases. If any of your changes
	have not made it then you will need to port these changes forward
	and build your own versions of the Turbine and Torque jar files
	(while you are there you may as well create patches and submit
	them to the relevant modules in Scarab so that they can be
	included in future releases).
	</p>

	<p>
	By default Torque will utilize a set of Velocity templates that
	you need to extract from the Torque jar file (see the
	<code>torque.templatePath</code> property). Unless you have a
	need to alter these templates you may prefer to use these directly
	from the jar file. To do this you need to set the
	<code>torque.useClasspath</code> property to <code>true</code> in
	<code>build.peoperties</code>. In any case, you should either
	replace or delete the old versions of these templates from your
	existing project.
	</p>
	</section>

	<section><a id="Import_Statements"></a>
	<h1>Import Statements</h1>

	<p>
	Many of your import statements will need to be changed. This is
	due to the decoupled version of Torque. This will take care of
	most of the changes due to refactoring. There will still be a
	few cases (discussed later) where the methods have been changed and/or
	moved to different classes.
	</p>

	<p>
	<a href="http://db.apache.org/torque/changes.html#Torque%203.0-b3" class="externalLink">
	[Here]</a> is list of the most common import changes.
	</p>
	</section>

	<section><a id="Transactions_and_obtaining_database_connections"></a>
	<h1>Transactions and obtaining database connections</h1>

	<p>
	org.apache.turbine.util.db.DBConnection is gone. The replacement
	is java.sql.Connection. This was a wrapper class from the
	Connection object. It was returned when you asked for a database
	connection. The new version of Torque will simply return a
	Connection object.
	</p>

	<p>
	org.apache.turbine.services.db.TurbineDB is gone. The replacement
	is org.apache.torque.Torque. This was mainly used to obtain
	database connections and the name of the default database. All
	of this functionality is in the new class.
	</p>

	<p>
	Below is an example of how you might have been obtaining database
	connections in version 2.1.
	</p>


	<pre class="prettyprint"><code>

	DBConnection dbConn = null;
	try
	{
	dbConn = TurbineDB.getConnection();
	// Do something with the connection here...
	}
	catch (Exception e)
	{
	// Either from obtaining the connection or from your application code.
	}
	finally
	{
	try
	{
	TurbineDB.releaseConnection(dbConn);
	}
	catch (Exception e)
	{
	// Error releasing database connection back to pool.
	}
	}

	</code></pre>

	<p>
	Using the new version of Torque this would be rewritten as follows.
	</p>

	<pre class="prettyprint"><code>

	Connection conn = null;
	try
	{
	conn = Torque.getConnection();
	// Do something with the connection here...
	}
	catch (TorqueException ex)
	{
	// Either from obtaining the connection or from your application code.
	Log.error(ex);
	}
	finally
	{
	Torque.closeConnection(conn);
	}

	</code></pre>

	<p>
	Support for transactions has been moved from org.apache.turbine.om.BasePeer
	into org.apache.torque.util.Transaction. The method names have changed
	slightly as well. Here is an example of using transactions in 2.1.
	</p>

	<pre class="prettyprint"><code>

	DBConnection dbConn = null;
	try
	{
	dbConn = BasePeer.beginTrasaction(TurbineDB.getDefaultDB?());
	someObject.save(dbConn);
	someOtherObject.save(dbConn);
	BasePeer.commitTransaction(dbConn);
	}
	catch (Exception e)
	{
	// Either from obtaining the connection or from your application code.
	BasePeer?.rollbackTransaction(dbConn);
	}

	</code></pre>

	<p>
	This would now be written as shown below.
	</p>

	<pre class="prettyprint"><code>

	Connection conn = null;
	try
	{
	conn = Transaction.begin(Torque.getDefaultDB());
	someObject.save(conn);
	someOtherObject.save(conn);
	Transaction.commit(conn);
	}
	catch (TorqueException ex)
	{
	try
	{
	Transaction.rollback(conn);
	}
	catch (TorqueException ex2)
	{
	Log.error(ex2);
	}
	Log.error(ex);
	}

	</code></pre>
	</section>

	<section><a id="Vector_becomes_List"></a>
	<h1>Vector becomes List</h1>

	<p>
	Methods generated by Torque that previously had a return type of
	<code>Vector</code> now have a return type of <code>List</code>.
	If you have not already been doing so you should switch to
	retrieving the results of these methods into variables declared
	as <code>List</code>. While you are at it you might like to
	update any of your own code to use <code>ArrayList</code> in
	preference to <code>Vector</code>.
	</p>
	</section>

	<section><a id="Exception_becomes_TorqueException"></a>
	<h1>Exception becomes TorqueException</h1>

	<p>
	Methods generated by Torque now throw <code>TorqueException</code>
	rather than <code>Exception</code>. You might like to update
	your code to match.
	</p>

	<p>
	Note that the exception thrown by <code>save()</code> methods is
	determined by the Torque property <code>torque.saveException</code>
	which defaults to <code>Exception</code>.
	</p>
	</section>

	<section><a id="Extending_Turbine_User"></a>
	<h1>Extending Turbine User</h1>

	<p>
	See
	<a href="http://turbine.apache.org/turbine-2/howto/extend-user-howto.html" class="externalLink">
	Extending Turbine User How-To</a> for this information.
	</p>
	</section>

	<section><a id="Changes_to_the_OM_classes"></a>
	<h1>Changes to the OM classes</h1>

	<p>
	Read over the Torque Schema Reference to find out what to change
	in your project-schema.xml file. The main changes are the
	deprecation of sequence and autoIncrement idMethods and the
	addition of the javaType attribute to column elements
	(Torque can now work with object types).
	</p>

	<p>
	If you used inheritance, you will run need to specify
	abstract="true" for the tables which have abstract base
	classes. When you do this, you will need to implement the
	copy() method in your subclasses. An example is provided below.
	</p>

	<pre class="prettyprint"><code>

	public <base class> copy() throws TorqueException
	{
	return copyInto(new <sub class>());
	}

	</code></pre>

	<p>
	Atributes defined as primary keys are no longer generated
	as NumberKey objects. They are now Integer or int (depending
	on the javaType specified in project-schema.xml).
	</p>

	<p>
	If you have a turbine-schema.xml file in your WEB-INF/conf
	directory, the project-om ant task will generate all of the
	Turbine, BaseTurbine, and map.Turbine* objects for you.
	These will not be used by Turbine. They will only confuse
	you. The best thing to do for this is to rename your
	turbine-schema.xml file to something like turbine-schema.nogenerate.
	</p>
	</section>

	<section><a id="XML-RPC_service"></a>
	<h1>XML-RPC service</h1>

	<p>
	My TurbineResources.properties did not have settings to
	configure the secure options. This caused initialization
	of the service to fail. To fix this, I simply obtained all
	of the configuration settings from the TurbineResources.properties
	included with the source version.
	</p>

	<p>
	The service does not listen on the loopback interface by default
	any longer. There were no other changes that are required to get
	this service up and running under T2.2.
	</p>
	</section>

	<section><a id="Other_services"></a>
	<h1>Other services</h1>

	<p>
	Intake, Security, and Scheduler all work without a problem
	after migrating to T2.2.
	</p>
	</section>

	<section><a id="Maven"></a>
	<h1>Maven</h1>

	<p>
	You may like to consider using
	<a href="http://maven.apache.org/maven-1.x/" class="externalLink">Maven</a> to
	build your project. The document
	<a href="http://wiki.apache.org/turbine/TDK/Maven" class="externalLink">
	Starting your project and database with TDK2.2 and Maven</a>
	provides some information that can be adapted for this purpose
	(jump down to the "Moving The Sample" heading for the
	documentation relevant to an existing project).
	</p>
	</section>

	<section><a id="Updates_to_this_document"></a>
	<h1>Updates to this document</h1>

	<p>
	This document is by no means complete or totally accurate. We welcome
	suggestions as to how it might be improved, particularly if you have
	just completed migrating an application by following this howto.
	</p>
	</section>


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