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         <small><a href="./../../index.html">Home</a>&nbsp;&raquo&nbsp;<a href="./../../examples-trunk/">Examples Trunk</a>&nbsp;&raquo&nbsp;<a href="./../../examples-trunk/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/">Cdi Alternative And Stereotypes</a></small><br>
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 <h1>Introduction</h1>

 <p>CDI is a revolution for Java EE world. This specification is the best one to avoid coupling between classes.</p>

 <p>This example simply aims to override bindings at runtime to simplify mocking work.</p>

 <p>It uses two kind of mocks:
 1) a mock with no implementation in the classloader
 2) a mock with an implementation in the classloader</p>

 <p>The mock answer from CDI is called <em>alternative</em>.</p>

 <p>Annotating <code>@Alternative</code> a class will mean it will replace any implementation if there is no other implementation
 or if it is forced (through <code>META-INF/beans.xml</code>).</p>

 <h1>Code explanation</h1>

 <h2>main code</h2>

 <p>We use an EJB <code>Jouney</code> to modelize a journey where the vehicle and the society can change. Here an EJB is used simply
 because it simplifies the test. A jouney wraps the vehicle and society information.</p>

 <p>We define then two interfaces to inject it in the <code>Journey</code> EJB: <code>Vehicle</code> and <code>Society</code>.</p>

 <p>Finally we add an implementation for <code>Scociety</code> interface: <code>LowCostCompanie</code>.</p>

 <p>If we don't go further <code>Journey</code> object will not be able to be created because no <code>Vehicle</code> implementation is available.</p>

 <p>Note: if we suppose we have a <code>Vehicle</code> implementation, the injected Society should be <code>LowCostCompanie</code>.</p>

 <h2>test code</h2>

 <p>The goal here is to test our <code>Journey</code> EJB. So we have to provide a <code>Vehicle</code> implementation: <code>SuperCar</code>.</p>

 <p>We want to force the <code>Society</code> implementation (for any reason) by our test implementation: <code>AirOpenEJB</code>.</p>

 <p>One solution could simply be to add <code>@Alternative</code> annotation on <code>AirOpenEJB</code> and activate it through
 the <code>META-INF/beans.xml</code> file.</p>

 <p>Here we want to write more explicit code. So we want to replace the <code>@Alternative</code> annotation by <code>@Mock</code> one.</p>

 <p>So we simply define an <code>@Mock</code> annotation for classes, resolvable at runtime which is a stereotype (<code>@Stereotype</code>)
 which replace <code>@Alternative</code>.</p>

 <p>Here is the annotation:</p>

 <pre><code>@Stereotype // we define a stereotype
 @Retention(RUNTIME) // resolvable at runtime
 @Target(TYPE) // this annotation is a class level one
 @Alternative // it replace @Alternative
 public @interface Mock {}
 </code></pre>

 <p>Note: you can add more CDI annotations after <code>@Alternative</code> and it will get the behavior expected (the scope for instance).</p>

 <p>So now we have our <code>@Mock</code> annotation which is a stereotype able to replace <code>@Alternative</code> annotation
 we simply add this annotation to our mocks.</p>

 <p>If you run it now you'll have this exception:</p>

 <pre><code>javax.enterprise.inject.UnsatisfiedResolutionException: Api type [org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.Vehicle] is not found with the qualifiers
 Qualifiers: [@javax.enterprise.inject.Default()]
 for injection into Field Injection Point, field name :  vehicle, Bean Owner : [Journey, Name:null, WebBeans Type:ENTERPRISE, API Types:[java.lang.Object,org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.Journey], Qualifiers:[javax.enterprise.inject.Any,javax.enterprise.inject.Default]]
 </code></pre>

 <p>It means the stereotype is not activated. To do it simply add it to your <code>META-INF/beans.xml</code>:</p>

 <pre><code>&lt;alternatives&gt;
   &lt;stereotype&gt;org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.Mock&lt;/stereotype&gt;
 &lt;/alternatives&gt;
 </code></pre>

 <p>Note: if you don't specify <code>AirOpenEJB</code> as <code>@Alternative</code> (done through our mock annotation) you'll get this exception:</p>

 <pre><code>Caused by: javax.enterprise.inject.AmbiguousResolutionException: There is more than one api type with : org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.Society with qualifiers : Qualifiers: [@javax.enterprise.inject.Default()]
 for injection into Field Injection Point, field name :  society, Bean Owner : [Journey, Name:null, WebBeans Type:ENTERPRISE, API Types:[org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.Journey,java.lang.Object], Qualifiers:[javax.enterprise.inject.Any,javax.enterprise.inject.Default]]
 found beans:
 AirOpenEJB, Name:null, WebBeans Type:MANAGED, API Types:[org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.Society,org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.AirOpenEJB,java.lang.Object], Qualifiers:[javax.enterprise.inject.Any,javax.enterprise.inject.Default]
 LowCostCompanie, Name:null, WebBeans Type:MANAGED, API Types:[org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.Society,org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.LowCostCompanie,java.lang.Object], Qualifiers:[javax.enterprise.inject.Any,javax.enterprise.inject.Default]
 </code></pre>

 <p>which simply means two implementations are available for the same injection point (<code>Journey.society</code>).</p>

 <h1>Conclusion</h1>

 <p>With CDI it is really easy to define annotations with a strong meaning. You can define business annotations
 or simply technical annotations to simplify your code (as we did with the mock annotation).</p>

 <p>Note: if for instance you used qualifiers to inject societies you could have put all these qualifiers on
 the mock class or defined a <code>@SocietyMock</code> annotation to be able to inject the same implementation for
 all qualifiers in your tests.</p>

 <h1>Output</h1>

 <pre><code>Running org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.StereotypeTest
 Apache OpenEJB 4.0.0-beta-2-SNAPSHOT    build: 20111030-07:54
 http://tomee.apache.org/
 INFO - openejb.home = /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes
 INFO - openejb.base = /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes
 INFO - Using 'javax.ejb.embeddable.EJBContainer=true'
 INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Security Service, type=SecurityService, provider-id=Default Security Service)
 INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Transaction Manager, type=TransactionManager, provider-id=Default Transaction Manager)
 INFO - Found EjbModule in classpath: /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/target/test-classes
 INFO - Found EjbModule in classpath: /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/target/classes
 INFO - Beginning load: /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/target/test-classes
 INFO - Beginning load: /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/target/classes
 INFO - Configuring enterprise application: /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes
 INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Managed Container, type=Container, provider-id=Default Managed Container)
 INFO - Auto-creating a container for bean cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes_test.Comp: Container(type=MANAGED, id=Default Managed Container)
 INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Singleton Container, type=Container, provider-id=Default Singleton Container)
 INFO - Auto-creating a container for bean Journey: Container(type=SINGLETON, id=Default Singleton Container)
 INFO - Enterprise application "/opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes" loaded.
 INFO - Assembling app: /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes
 INFO - Jndi(name="java:global/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes_test.Comp!org.apache.openejb.BeanContext$Comp")
 INFO - Jndi(name="java:global/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes_test.Comp")
 INFO - Jndi(name="java:global/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes.Comp!org.apache.openejb.BeanContext$Comp")
 INFO - Jndi(name="java:global/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes.Comp")
 INFO - Jndi(name="java:global/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/Journey!org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.Journey")
 INFO - Jndi(name="java:global/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/Journey")
 INFO - Jndi(name="java:global/EjbModule162291475/org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.StereotypeTest!org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.StereotypeTest")
 INFO - Jndi(name="java:global/EjbModule162291475/org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.StereotypeTest")
 INFO - Created Ejb(deployment-id=cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes_test.Comp, ejb-name=cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes_test.Comp, container=Default Managed Container)
 INFO - Created Ejb(deployment-id=cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes.Comp, ejb-name=cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes.Comp, container=Default Managed Container)
 INFO - Created Ejb(deployment-id=org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.StereotypeTest, ejb-name=org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.StereotypeTest, container=Default Managed Container)
 INFO - Created Ejb(deployment-id=Journey, ejb-name=Journey, container=Default Singleton Container)
 INFO - Started Ejb(deployment-id=cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes_test.Comp, ejb-name=cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes_test.Comp, container=Default Managed Container)
 INFO - Started Ejb(deployment-id=cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes.Comp, ejb-name=cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes.Comp, container=Default Managed Container)
 INFO - Started Ejb(deployment-id=org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.StereotypeTest, ejb-name=org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.StereotypeTest, container=Default Managed Container)
 INFO - Started Ejb(deployment-id=Journey, ejb-name=Journey, container=Default Singleton Container)
 INFO - Deployed Application(path=/opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes)
 INFO - Undeploying app: /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes
 </code></pre>


 <div class="page-header">&nbsp;</div>
 <h4>APIs Used</h4>
 <ul><li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/ejb/Singleton.html">javax.ejb.Singleton</a></li>
 <li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/ejb/embeddable/EJBContainer.html">javax.ejb.embeddable.EJBContainer</a></li>
 <li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/enterprise/inject/Alternative.html">javax.enterprise.inject.Alternative</a></li>
 <li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/enterprise/inject/Stereotype.html">javax.enterprise.inject.Stereotype</a></li>
 <li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/inject/Inject.html">javax.inject.Inject</a></li>
 <li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/naming/NamingException.html">javax.naming.NamingException</a></li>
 </ul>

 <h3>Source</h3>
   <ul>
       <li>Apache <a href="http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/tomee/tomee/trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes">cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes</a></li>
       <li>Github <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomee/tree/trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes">cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes</a></li>
   </ul>
 <pre>
 svn co http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/tomee/tomee/trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes
 cd cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes
 mvn clean install
 </pre>


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	<small><a href="./../../index.html">Home</a> &raquo <a href="./../../examples-trunk/">Examples Trunk</a> &raquo <a href="./../../examples-trunk/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/">Cdi Alternative And Stereotypes</a></small><br>
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	<h1>Introduction</h1>

	<p>CDI is a revolution for Java EE world. This specification is the best one to avoid coupling between classes.</p>

	<p>This example simply aims to override bindings at runtime to simplify mocking work.</p>

	<p>It uses two kind of mocks:
	1) a mock with no implementation in the classloader
	2) a mock with an implementation in the classloader</p>

	<p>The mock answer from CDI is called <em>alternative</em>.</p>

	<p>Annotating <code>@Alternative</code> a class will mean it will replace any implementation if there is no other implementation
	or if it is forced (through <code>META-INF/beans.xml</code>).</p>

	<h1>Code explanation</h1>

	<h2>main code</h2>

	<p>We use an EJB <code>Jouney</code> to modelize a journey where the vehicle and the society can change. Here an EJB is used simply
	because it simplifies the test. A jouney wraps the vehicle and society information.</p>

	<p>We define then two interfaces to inject it in the <code>Journey</code> EJB: <code>Vehicle</code> and <code>Society</code>.</p>

	<p>Finally we add an implementation for <code>Scociety</code> interface: <code>LowCostCompanie</code>.</p>

	<p>If we don't go further <code>Journey</code> object will not be able to be created because no <code>Vehicle</code> implementation is available.</p>

	<p>Note: if we suppose we have a <code>Vehicle</code> implementation, the injected Society should be <code>LowCostCompanie</code>.</p>

	<h2>test code</h2>

	<p>The goal here is to test our <code>Journey</code> EJB. So we have to provide a <code>Vehicle</code> implementation: <code>SuperCar</code>.</p>

	<p>We want to force the <code>Society</code> implementation (for any reason) by our test implementation: <code>AirOpenEJB</code>.</p>

	<p>One solution could simply be to add <code>@Alternative</code> annotation on <code>AirOpenEJB</code> and activate it through
	the <code>META-INF/beans.xml</code> file.</p>

	<p>Here we want to write more explicit code. So we want to replace the <code>@Alternative</code> annotation by <code>@Mock</code> one.</p>

	<p>So we simply define an <code>@Mock</code> annotation for classes, resolvable at runtime which is a stereotype (<code>@Stereotype</code>)
	which replace <code>@Alternative</code>.</p>

	<p>Here is the annotation:</p>

	<pre><code>@Stereotype // we define a stereotype
	@Retention(RUNTIME) // resolvable at runtime
	@Target(TYPE) // this annotation is a class level one
	@Alternative // it replace @Alternative
	public @interface Mock {}
	</code></pre>

	<p>Note: you can add more CDI annotations after <code>@Alternative</code> and it will get the behavior expected (the scope for instance).</p>

	<p>So now we have our <code>@Mock</code> annotation which is a stereotype able to replace <code>@Alternative</code> annotation
	we simply add this annotation to our mocks.</p>

	<p>If you run it now you'll have this exception:</p>

	<pre><code>javax.enterprise.inject.UnsatisfiedResolutionException: Api type [org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.Vehicle] is not found with the qualifiers
	Qualifiers: [@javax.enterprise.inject.Default()]
	for injection into Field Injection Point, field name : vehicle, Bean Owner : [Journey, Name:null, WebBeans Type:ENTERPRISE, API Types:[java.lang.Object,org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.Journey], Qualifiers:[javax.enterprise.inject.Any,javax.enterprise.inject.Default]]
	</code></pre>

	<p>It means the stereotype is not activated. To do it simply add it to your <code>META-INF/beans.xml</code>:</p>

	<pre><code><alternatives>
	<stereotype>org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.Mock</stereotype>
	</alternatives>
	</code></pre>

	<p>Note: if you don't specify <code>AirOpenEJB</code> as <code>@Alternative</code> (done through our mock annotation) you'll get this exception:</p>

	<pre><code>Caused by: javax.enterprise.inject.AmbiguousResolutionException: There is more than one api type with : org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.Society with qualifiers : Qualifiers: [@javax.enterprise.inject.Default()]
	for injection into Field Injection Point, field name : society, Bean Owner : [Journey, Name:null, WebBeans Type:ENTERPRISE, API Types:[org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.Journey,java.lang.Object], Qualifiers:[javax.enterprise.inject.Any,javax.enterprise.inject.Default]]
	found beans:
	AirOpenEJB, Name:null, WebBeans Type:MANAGED, API Types:[org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.Society,org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.AirOpenEJB,java.lang.Object], Qualifiers:[javax.enterprise.inject.Any,javax.enterprise.inject.Default]
	LowCostCompanie, Name:null, WebBeans Type:MANAGED, API Types:[org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.Society,org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.LowCostCompanie,java.lang.Object], Qualifiers:[javax.enterprise.inject.Any,javax.enterprise.inject.Default]
	</code></pre>

	<p>which simply means two implementations are available for the same injection point (<code>Journey.society</code>).</p>

	<h1>Conclusion</h1>

	<p>With CDI it is really easy to define annotations with a strong meaning. You can define business annotations
	or simply technical annotations to simplify your code (as we did with the mock annotation).</p>

	<p>Note: if for instance you used qualifiers to inject societies you could have put all these qualifiers on
	the mock class or defined a <code>@SocietyMock</code> annotation to be able to inject the same implementation for
	all qualifiers in your tests.</p>

	<h1>Output</h1>

	<pre><code>Running org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.StereotypeTest
	Apache OpenEJB 4.0.0-beta-2-SNAPSHOT build: 20111030-07:54
	http://tomee.apache.org/
	INFO - openejb.home = /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes
	INFO - openejb.base = /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes
	INFO - Using 'javax.ejb.embeddable.EJBContainer=true'
	INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Security Service, type=SecurityService, provider-id=Default Security Service)
	INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Transaction Manager, type=TransactionManager, provider-id=Default Transaction Manager)
	INFO - Found EjbModule in classpath: /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/target/test-classes
	INFO - Found EjbModule in classpath: /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/target/classes
	INFO - Beginning load: /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/target/test-classes
	INFO - Beginning load: /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/target/classes
	INFO - Configuring enterprise application: /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes
	INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Managed Container, type=Container, provider-id=Default Managed Container)
	INFO - Auto-creating a container for bean cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes_test.Comp: Container(type=MANAGED, id=Default Managed Container)
	INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Singleton Container, type=Container, provider-id=Default Singleton Container)
	INFO - Auto-creating a container for bean Journey: Container(type=SINGLETON, id=Default Singleton Container)
	INFO - Enterprise application "/opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes" loaded.
	INFO - Assembling app: /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes
	INFO - Jndi(name="java:global/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes_test.Comp!org.apache.openejb.BeanContext$Comp")
	INFO - Jndi(name="java:global/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes_test.Comp")
	INFO - Jndi(name="java:global/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes.Comp!org.apache.openejb.BeanContext$Comp")
	INFO - Jndi(name="java:global/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes.Comp")
	INFO - Jndi(name="java:global/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/Journey!org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.Journey")
	INFO - Jndi(name="java:global/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/Journey")
	INFO - Jndi(name="java:global/EjbModule162291475/org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.StereotypeTest!org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.StereotypeTest")
	INFO - Jndi(name="java:global/EjbModule162291475/org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.StereotypeTest")
	INFO - Created Ejb(deployment-id=cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes_test.Comp, ejb-name=cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes_test.Comp, container=Default Managed Container)
	INFO - Created Ejb(deployment-id=cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes.Comp, ejb-name=cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes.Comp, container=Default Managed Container)
	INFO - Created Ejb(deployment-id=org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.StereotypeTest, ejb-name=org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.StereotypeTest, container=Default Managed Container)
	INFO - Created Ejb(deployment-id=Journey, ejb-name=Journey, container=Default Singleton Container)
	INFO - Started Ejb(deployment-id=cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes_test.Comp, ejb-name=cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes_test.Comp, container=Default Managed Container)
	INFO - Started Ejb(deployment-id=cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes.Comp, ejb-name=cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes.Comp, container=Default Managed Container)
	INFO - Started Ejb(deployment-id=org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.StereotypeTest, ejb-name=org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.StereotypeTest, container=Default Managed Container)
	INFO - Started Ejb(deployment-id=Journey, ejb-name=Journey, container=Default Singleton Container)
	INFO - Deployed Application(path=/opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes)
	INFO - Undeploying app: /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes
	</code></pre>


	<div class="page-header"> </div>
	<h4>APIs Used</h4>
	<ul><li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/ejb/Singleton.html">javax.ejb.Singleton</a></li>
	<li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/ejb/embeddable/EJBContainer.html">javax.ejb.embeddable.EJBContainer</a></li>
	<li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/enterprise/inject/Alternative.html">javax.enterprise.inject.Alternative</a></li>
	<li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/enterprise/inject/Stereotype.html">javax.enterprise.inject.Stereotype</a></li>
	<li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/inject/Inject.html">javax.inject.Inject</a></li>
	<li><a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/naming/NamingException.html">javax.naming.NamingException</a></li>
	</ul>

	<h3>Source</h3>
	<ul>
	<li>Apache <a href="http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/tomee/tomee/trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes">cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes</a></li>
	<li>Github <a href="https://github.com/apache/tomee/tree/trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes">cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes</a></li>
	</ul>
	<pre>
	svn co http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/tomee/tomee/trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes
	cd cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes
	mvn clean install
	</pre>


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