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<h1>CDI Alternative and Stereotypes</h1>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_introduction">Introduction</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>CDI is a revolution for the Java EE world. This specification is the best one to avoid coupling between classes.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This example simply aims to override bindings at runtime to simplify mocking work.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>It uses two kind of mocks:</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>1) a mock with no implementation in the classloader</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>2) a mock with an implementation in the classloader</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The mock answer from CDI is called <em>alternative</em>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Annotating <code>@Alternative</code> a class will mean it will used as the implementation if there is no other implementation
or if it is forced (through <code>META-INF/beans.xml</code>).</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_code_explanation">Code Explanation</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_main_code">Main Code</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>We use an EJB <code>Journey</code> to modelize a journey where the vehicle and the society can change. Here an EJB is used
because it simplifies the test. A jouney wraps the vehicle and society information.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>We define two interfaces to inject into the <code>Journey</code> EJB: <code>Vehicle</code> and <code>Society</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Finally we add an implementation for <code>Society</code> interface: <code>LowCostCompanie</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If we stop here, the <code>Journey</code> object will not be able to be created because there is no <code>Vehicle</code> implementation is available.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
if we do have a <code>Vehicle</code> implementation, the injected Society should be <code>LowCostCompanie</code>.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_test_code">Test Code</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The goal here is to test our <code>Journey</code> EJB. So we have to provide a <code>Vehicle</code> implementation: <code>SuperCar</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>We want to force the <code>Society</code> interface to be the <code>AirOpenEJB</code> implementation for our test.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>One solution could simply be to add <code>@Alternative</code> annotation on <code>AirOpenEJB</code> and activate it through
the <code>META-INF/beans.xml</code> file.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Here we want to write more explicit code. So we want to replace the <code>@Alternative</code> annotation by <code>@Mock</code> one.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>So we define an <code>@Mock</code> annotation for classes, resolvable at runtime as a stereotype (<code>@Stereotype</code>)
that replaces <code>@Alternative</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Here is the annotation:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java"> @Stereotype // we define a stereotype
@Retention(RUNTIME) // resolvable at runtime
@Target(TYPE) // this annotation is a class level one
@Alternative // it replace @Alternative
public @interface Mock {}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
you can add more CDI annotations after <code>@Alternative</code> and it will get the behavior expected (the scope for instance).
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>So now we have our <code>@Mock</code> annotation which is a stereotype able to replace the <code>@Alternative</code> annotation when it
added to our mocks.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If you run it now you&#8217;ll have this exception:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java"> javax.enterprise.inject.UnsatisfiedResolutionException: Api type [org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.Vehicle] is not found with the qualifiers
Qualifiers: [@javax.enterprise.inject.Default()]
for injection into Field Injection Point, field name : vehicle,
Bean Owner : [Journey, Name:null, WebBeans Type:ENTERPRISE, API Types:[java.lang.Object,org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.Journey],
Qualifiers:[javax.enterprise.inject.Any,javax.enterprise.inject.Default]]</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>It means the stereotype is not activated. To do it simply add it to your <code>META-INF/beans.xml</code>:</p>
</div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>&lt;alternatives&gt;
&lt;stereotype&gt;org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.Mock&lt;/stereotype&gt;
&lt;/alternatives&gt;</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
if you don&#8217;t specify <code>AirOpenEJB</code> as <code>@Alternative</code> (done through our mock annotation) you&#8217;ll get this exception:
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>source,java,numbered]</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre> Caused by: javax.enterprise.inject.AmbiguousResolutionException:
There is more than one api type with : org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.Society with qualifiers :
Qualifiers: [@javax.enterprise.inject.Default()] for injection into Field Injection Point, field name : society,
Bean Owner : [Journey, Name:null, WebBeans Type:ENTERPRISE,
API Types:[org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.Journey,java.lang.Object],
Qualifiers:[javax.enterprise.inject.Any,javax.enterprise.inject.Default]]
found beans:
AirOpenEJB, Name:null, WebBeans Type:MANAGED,
API Types:[org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.Society,org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.AirOpenEJB,java.lang.Object],
Qualifiers:[javax.enterprise.inject.Any,javax.enterprise.inject.Default]
LowCostCompanie, Name:null, WebBeans Type:MANAGED,
API Types:[org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.Society,org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.LowCostCompanie,java.lang.Object],
Qualifiers:[javax.enterprise.inject.Any,javax.enterprise.inject.Default]</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>which simply means two implementations are available for the same injection point (<code>Journey.society</code>).</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_conclusion">Conclusion</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>With CDI it is really easy to define annotations with a strong meaning. You can define business annotations
or simply technical annotations to simplify your code (as we did with the mock annotation).</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
if you used qualifiers to inject <code>Society</code> objects you could have put all these qualifiers on
the mock class or defined a <code>@SocietyMock</code> annotation to be able to inject the same implementation for
all qualifiers in your tests.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_output">Output</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>Running org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.StereotypeTest
Apache OpenEJB 7.0.0-SNAPSHOT build: 20111030-07:54
http://tomee.apache.org/
INFO - openejb.home = /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes
INFO - openejb.base = /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes
INFO - Using 'javax.ejb.embeddable.EJBContainer=true'
INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Security Service, type=SecurityService, provider-id=Default Security Service)
INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Transaction Manager, type=TransactionManager, provider-id=Default Transaction Manager)
INFO - Found EjbModule in classpath: /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/target/test-classes
INFO - Found EjbModule in classpath: /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/target/classes
INFO - Beginning load: /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/target/test-classes
INFO - Beginning load: /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/target/classes
INFO - Configuring enterprise application: /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes
INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Managed Container, type=Container, provider-id=Default Managed Container)
INFO - Auto-creating a container for bean cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes_test.Comp: Container(type=MANAGED, id=Default Managed Container)
INFO - Configuring Service(id=Default Singleton Container, type=Container, provider-id=Default Singleton Container)
INFO - Auto-creating a container for bean Journey: Container(type=SINGLETON, id=Default Singleton Container)
INFO - Enterprise application "/opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes" loaded.
INFO - Assembling app: /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes
INFO - Jndi(name="java:global/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes_test.Comp!org.apache.openejb.BeanContext$Comp")
INFO - Jndi(name="java:global/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes_test.Comp")
INFO - Jndi(name="java:global/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes.Comp!org.apache.openejb.BeanContext$Comp")
INFO - Jndi(name="java:global/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes.Comp")
INFO - Jndi(name="java:global/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/Journey!org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.Journey")
INFO - Jndi(name="java:global/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes/Journey")
INFO - Jndi(name="java:global/EjbModule162291475/org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.StereotypeTest!org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.StereotypeTest")
INFO - Jndi(name="java:global/EjbModule162291475/org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.StereotypeTest")
INFO - Created Ejb(deployment-id=cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes_test.Comp, ejb-name=cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes_test.Comp, container=Default Managed Container)
INFO - Created Ejb(deployment-id=cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes.Comp, ejb-name=cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes.Comp, container=Default Managed Container)
INFO - Created Ejb(deployment-id=org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.StereotypeTest, ejb-name=org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.StereotypeTest, container=Default Managed Container)
INFO - Created Ejb(deployment-id=Journey, ejb-name=Journey, container=Default Singleton Container)
INFO - Started Ejb(deployment-id=cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes_test.Comp, ejb-name=cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes_test.Comp, container=Default Managed Container)
INFO - Started Ejb(deployment-id=cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes.Comp, ejb-name=cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes.Comp, container=Default Managed Container)
INFO - Started Ejb(deployment-id=org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.StereotypeTest, ejb-name=org.superbiz.cdi.stereotype.StereotypeTest, container=Default Managed Container)
INFO - Started Ejb(deployment-id=Journey, ejb-name=Journey, container=Default Singleton Container)
INFO - Deployed Application(path=/opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes)
INFO - Undeploying app: /opt/dev/openejb/openejb-trunk/examples/cdi-alternative-and-stereotypes</pre>
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