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/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.tomcat.util.http.parser;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Reader;
import org.apache.juli.logging.Log;
import org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.res.StringManager;
/**
* HTTP header value parser implementation. Parsing HTTP headers as per RFC2616
* is not always as simple as it first appears. For headers that only use tokens
* the simple approach will normally be sufficient. However, for the other
* headers, while simple code meets 99.9% of cases, there are often some edge
* cases that make things far more complicated.
*
* The purpose of this parser is to let the parser worry about the edge cases.
* It provides tolerant (where safe to do so) parsing of HTTP header values
* assuming that wrapped header lines have already been unwrapped. (The Tomcat
* header processing code does the unwrapping.)
*
*/
public class HttpParser {
private static final StringManager sm = StringManager.getManager(HttpParser.class);
private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(HttpParser.class);
private static final int ARRAY_SIZE = 128;
private static final boolean[] IS_CONTROL = new boolean[ARRAY_SIZE];
private static final boolean[] IS_SEPARATOR = new boolean[ARRAY_SIZE];
private static final boolean[] IS_TOKEN = new boolean[ARRAY_SIZE];
private static final boolean[] IS_HEX = new boolean[ARRAY_SIZE];
private static final boolean[] IS_HTTP_PROTOCOL = new boolean[ARRAY_SIZE];
private static final boolean[] IS_ALPHA = new boolean[ARRAY_SIZE];
private static final boolean[] IS_NUMERIC = new boolean[ARRAY_SIZE];
private static final boolean[] REQUEST_TARGET_ALLOW = new boolean[ARRAY_SIZE];
private static final boolean[] IS_UNRESERVED = new boolean[ARRAY_SIZE];
private static final boolean[] IS_SUBDELIM = new boolean[ARRAY_SIZE];
private static final boolean[] IS_USERINFO = new boolean[ARRAY_SIZE];
private static final boolean[] IS_RELAXABLE = new boolean[ARRAY_SIZE];
private static final HttpParser DEFAULT;
static {
for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; i++) {
// Control> 0-31, 127
if (i < 32 || i == 127) {
IS_CONTROL[i] = true;
}
// Separator
if ( i == '(' || i == ')' || i == '<' || i == '>' || i == '@' ||
i == ',' || i == ';' || i == ':' || i == '\\' || i == '\"' ||
i == '/' || i == '[' || i == ']' || i == '?' || i == '=' ||
i == '{' || i == '}' || i == ' ' || i == '\t') {
IS_SEPARATOR[i] = true;
}
// Token: Anything 0-127 that is not a control and not a separator
if (!IS_CONTROL[i] && !IS_SEPARATOR[i] && i < 128) {
IS_TOKEN[i] = true;
}
// Hex: 0-9, a-f, A-F
if ((i >= '0' && i <='9') || (i >= 'a' && i <= 'f') || (i >= 'A' && i <= 'F')) {
IS_HEX[i] = true;
}
// Not valid for HTTP protocol
// "HTTP/" DIGIT "." DIGIT
if (i == 'H' || i == 'T' || i == 'P' || i == '/' || i == '.' || (i >= '0' && i <= '9')) {
IS_HTTP_PROTOCOL[i] = true;
}
if (i >= '0' && i <= '9') {
IS_NUMERIC[i] = true;
}
if (i >= 'a' && i <= 'z' || i >= 'A' && i <= 'Z') {
IS_ALPHA[i] = true;
}
if (IS_ALPHA[i] || IS_NUMERIC[i] || i == '-' || i == '.' || i == '_' || i == '~') {
IS_UNRESERVED[i] = true;
}
if (i == '!' || i == '$' || i == '&' || i == '\'' || i == '(' || i == ')' || i == '*' ||
i == '+' || i == ',' || i == ';' || i == '=') {
IS_SUBDELIM[i] = true;
}
// userinfo = *( unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" )
if (IS_UNRESERVED[i] || i == '%' || IS_SUBDELIM[i] || i == ':') {
IS_USERINFO[i] = true;
}
// The characters that are normally not permitted for which the
// restrictions may be relaxed when used in the path and/or query
// string
if (i == '\"' || i == '<' || i == '>' || i == '[' || i == '\\' || i == ']' ||
i == '^' || i == '`' || i == '{' || i == '|' || i == '}') {
IS_RELAXABLE[i] = true;
}
}
String prop = System.getProperty("tomcat.util.http.parser.HttpParser.requestTargetAllow");
if (prop != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < prop.length(); i++) {
char c = prop.charAt(i);
if (c == '{' || c == '}' || c == '|') {
REQUEST_TARGET_ALLOW[c] = true;
} else {
log.warn(sm.getString("http.invalidRequestTargetCharacter",
Character.valueOf(c)));
}
}
}
DEFAULT = new HttpParser(null, null);
}
private final boolean[] IS_NOT_REQUEST_TARGET = new boolean[ARRAY_SIZE];
private final boolean[] IS_ABSOLUTEPATH_RELAXED = new boolean[ARRAY_SIZE];
private final boolean[] IS_QUERY_RELAXED = new boolean[ARRAY_SIZE];
public HttpParser(String relaxedPathChars, String relaxedQueryChars) {
for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; i++) {
// Not valid for request target.
// Combination of multiple rules from RFC7230 and RFC 3986. Must be
// ASCII, no controls plus a few additional characters excluded
if (IS_CONTROL[i] || i > 127 ||
i == ' ' || i == '\"' || i == '#' || i == '<' || i == '>' || i == '\\' ||
i == '^' || i == '`' || i == '{' || i == '|' || i == '}') {
if (!REQUEST_TARGET_ALLOW[i]) {
IS_NOT_REQUEST_TARGET[i] = true;
}
}
/*
* absolute-path = 1*( "/" segment )
* segment = *pchar
* pchar = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
*
* Note pchar allows everything userinfo allows plus "@"
*/
if (IS_USERINFO[i] || i == '@' || i == '/' || REQUEST_TARGET_ALLOW[i]) {
IS_ABSOLUTEPATH_RELAXED[i] = true;
}
/*
* query = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )
*
* Note query allows everything absolute-path allows plus "?"
*/
if (IS_ABSOLUTEPATH_RELAXED[i] || i == '?' || REQUEST_TARGET_ALLOW[i]) {
IS_QUERY_RELAXED[i] = true;
}
}
relax(IS_ABSOLUTEPATH_RELAXED, relaxedPathChars);
relax(IS_QUERY_RELAXED, relaxedQueryChars);
}
public boolean isNotRequestTargetRelaxed(int c) {
// Fast for valid request target characters, slower for some incorrect
// ones
try {
return IS_NOT_REQUEST_TARGET[c];
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
return true;
}
}
public boolean isAbsolutePathRelaxed(int c) {
// Fast for valid user info characters, slower for some incorrect
// ones
try {
return IS_ABSOLUTEPATH_RELAXED[c];
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
return false;
}
}
public boolean isQueryRelaxed(int c) {
// Fast for valid user info characters, slower for some incorrect
// ones
try {
return IS_QUERY_RELAXED[c];
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
return false;
}
}
public static String unquote(String input) {
if (input == null || input.length() < 2) {
return input;
}
int start;
int end;
// Skip surrounding quotes if there are any
if (input.charAt(0) == '"') {
start = 1;
end = input.length() - 1;
} else {
start = 0;
end = input.length();
}
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = start ; i < end; i++) {
char c = input.charAt(i);
if (input.charAt(i) == '\\') {
i++;
result.append(input.charAt(i));
} else {
result.append(c);
}
}
return result.toString();
}
public static boolean isToken(int c) {
// Fast for correct values, slower for incorrect ones
try {
return IS_TOKEN[c];
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
return false;
}
}
public static boolean isHex(int c) {
// Fast for correct values, slower for some incorrect ones
try {
return IS_HEX[c];
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
return false;
}
}
public static boolean isNotRequestTarget(int c) {
return DEFAULT.isNotRequestTargetRelaxed(c);
}
public static boolean isHttpProtocol(int c) {
// Fast for valid HTTP protocol characters, slower for some incorrect
// ones
try {
return IS_HTTP_PROTOCOL[c];
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
return false;
}
}
public static boolean isAlpha(int c) {
// Fast for valid alpha characters, slower for some incorrect
// ones
try {
return IS_ALPHA[c];
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
return false;
}
}
public static boolean isNumeric(int c) {
// Fast for valid numeric characters, slower for some incorrect
// ones
try {
return IS_NUMERIC[c];
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
return false;
}
}
public static boolean isUserInfo(int c) {
// Fast for valid user info characters, slower for some incorrect
// ones
try {
return IS_USERINFO[c];
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
return false;
}
}
private static boolean isRelaxable(int c) {
// Fast for valid user info characters, slower for some incorrect
// ones
try {
return IS_RELAXABLE[c];
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
return false;
}
}
public static boolean isAbsolutePath(int c) {
return DEFAULT.isAbsolutePathRelaxed(c);
}
public static boolean isQuery(int c) {
return DEFAULT.isQueryRelaxed(c);
}
// Skip any LWS and position to read the next character. The next character
// is returned as being able to 'peek()' it allows a small optimisation in
// some cases.
static int skipLws(Reader input) throws IOException {
input.mark(1);
int c = input.read();
while (c == 32 || c == 9 || c == 10 || c == 13) {
input.mark(1);
c = input.read();
}
input.reset();
return c;
}
static SkipResult skipConstant(Reader input, String constant) throws IOException {
int len = constant.length();
skipLws(input);
input.mark(len);
int c = input.read();
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
if (i == 0 && c == -1) {
return SkipResult.EOF;
}
if (c != constant.charAt(i)) {
input.reset();
return SkipResult.NOT_FOUND;
}
if (i != (len - 1)) {
c = input.read();
}
}
return SkipResult.FOUND;
}
/**
* @return the token if one was found, the empty string if no data was
* available to read or <code>null</code> if data other than a
* token was found
*/
static String readToken(Reader input) throws IOException {
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
skipLws(input);
input.mark(1);
int c = input.read();
while (c != -1 && isToken(c)) {
result.append((char) c);
input.mark(1);
c = input.read();
}
// Use mark(1)/reset() rather than skip(-1) since skip() is a NOP
// once the end of the String has been reached.
input.reset();
if (c != -1 && result.length() == 0) {
return null;
} else {
return result.toString();
}
}
/**
* @return the quoted string if one was found, null if data other than a
* quoted string was found or null if the end of data was reached
* before the quoted string was terminated
*/
static String readQuotedString(Reader input, boolean returnQuoted) throws IOException {
skipLws(input);
int c = input.read();
if (c != '"') {
return null;
}
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
if (returnQuoted) {
result.append('\"');
}
c = input.read();
while (c != '"') {
if (c == -1) {
return null;
} else if (c == '\\') {
c = input.read();
if (returnQuoted) {
result.append('\\');
}
result.append((char) c);
} else {
result.append((char) c);
}
c = input.read();
}
if (returnQuoted) {
result.append('\"');
}
return result.toString();
}
static String readTokenOrQuotedString(Reader input, boolean returnQuoted)
throws IOException {
// Peek at next character to enable correct method to be called
int c = skipLws(input);
if (c == '"') {
return readQuotedString(input, returnQuoted);
} else {
return readToken(input);
}
}
/**
* Token can be read unambiguously with or without surrounding quotes so
* this parsing method for token permits optional surrounding double quotes.
* This is not defined in any RFC. It is a special case to handle data from
* buggy clients (known buggy clients for DIGEST auth include Microsoft IE 8
* &amp; 9, Apple Safari for OSX and iOS) that add quotes to values that
* should be tokens.
*
* @return the token if one was found, null if data other than a token or
* quoted token was found or null if the end of data was reached
* before a quoted token was terminated
*/
static String readQuotedToken(Reader input) throws IOException {
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
boolean quoted = false;
skipLws(input);
input.mark(1);
int c = input.read();
if (c == '"') {
quoted = true;
} else if (c == -1 || !isToken(c)) {
return null;
} else {
result.append((char) c);
}
input.mark(1);
c = input.read();
while (c != -1 && isToken(c)) {
result.append((char) c);
input.mark(1);
c = input.read();
}
if (quoted) {
if (c != '"') {
return null;
}
} else {
// Use mark(1)/reset() rather than skip(-1) since skip() is a NOP
// once the end of the String has been reached.
input.reset();
}
if (c != -1 && result.length() == 0) {
return null;
} else {
return result.toString();
}
}
/**
* LHEX can be read unambiguously with or without surrounding quotes so this
* parsing method for LHEX permits optional surrounding double quotes. Some
* buggy clients (libwww-perl for DIGEST auth) are known to send quoted LHEX
* when the specification requires just LHEX.
*
* <p>
* LHEX are, literally, lower-case hexadecimal digits. This implementation
* allows for upper-case digits as well, converting the returned value to
* lower-case.
*
* @return the sequence of LHEX (minus any surrounding quotes) if any was
* found, or <code>null</code> if data other LHEX was found
*/
static String readLhex(Reader input) throws IOException {
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
boolean quoted = false;
skipLws(input);
input.mark(1);
int c = input.read();
if (c == '"') {
quoted = true;
} else if (c == -1 || !isHex(c)) {
return null;
} else {
if ('A' <= c && c <= 'F') {
c -= ('A' - 'a');
}
result.append((char) c);
}
input.mark(1);
c = input.read();
while (c != -1 && isHex(c)) {
if ('A' <= c && c <= 'F') {
c -= ('A' - 'a');
}
result.append((char) c);
input.mark(1);
c = input.read();
}
if (quoted) {
if (c != '"') {
return null;
}
} else {
// Use mark(1)/reset() rather than skip(-1) since skip() is a NOP
// once the end of the String has been reached.
input.reset();
}
if (c != -1 && result.length() == 0) {
return null;
} else {
return result.toString();
}
}
static double readWeight(Reader input, char delimiter) throws IOException {
skipLws(input);
int c = input.read();
if (c == -1 || c == delimiter) {
// No q value just whitespace
return 1;
} else if (c != 'q') {
// Malformed. Use quality of zero so it is dropped.
skipUntil(input, c, delimiter);
return 0;
}
// RFC 7231 does not allow whitespace here but be tolerant
skipLws(input);
c = input.read();
if (c != '=') {
// Malformed. Use quality of zero so it is dropped.
skipUntil(input, c, delimiter);
return 0;
}
// RFC 7231 does not allow whitespace here but be tolerant
skipLws(input);
c = input.read();
// Should be no more than 3 decimal places
StringBuilder value = new StringBuilder(5);
int decimalPlacesRead = 0;
if (c == '0' || c == '1') {
value.append((char) c);
c = input.read();
if (c == '.') {
value.append('.');
} else if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
decimalPlacesRead = 3;
}
while (true) {
c = input.read();
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
if (decimalPlacesRead < 3) {
value.append((char) c);
decimalPlacesRead++;
}
} else if (c == delimiter || c == 9 || c == 32 || c == -1) {
break;
} else {
// Malformed. Use quality of zero so it is dropped and skip until
// EOF or the next delimiter
skipUntil(input, c, delimiter);
return 0;
}
}
} else {
// Malformed. Use quality of zero so it is dropped and skip until
// EOF or the next delimiter
skipUntil(input, c, delimiter);
return 0;
}
double result = Double.parseDouble(value.toString());
if (result > 1) {
return 0;
}
return result;
}
/**
* @return If inIPv6 is false, the position of ':' that separates the host
* from the port or -1 if it is not present. If inIPv6 is true, the
* number of characters read
*/
static int readHostIPv4(Reader reader, boolean inIPv6) throws IOException {
int octet = -1;
int octetCount = 1;
int c;
int pos = 0;
// readAheadLimit doesn't matter as all the readers passed to this
// method buffer the entire content.
reader.mark(1);
do {
c = reader.read();
if (c == '.') {
if (octet > -1 && octet < 256) {
// Valid
octetCount++;
octet = -1;
} else if (inIPv6 || octet == -1) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
sm.getString("http.invalidOctet", Integer.toString(octet)));
} else {
// Might not be an IPv4 address. Could be a host / FQDN with
// a fully numeric component.
reader.reset();
return readHostDomainName(reader);
}
} else if (isNumeric(c)) {
if (octet == -1) {
octet = c - '0';
} else {
octet = octet * 10 + c - '0';
}
} else if (c == ':') {
break;
} else if (c == -1) {
if (inIPv6) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("http.noClosingBracket"));
} else {
pos = -1;
break;
}
} else if (c == ']') {
if (inIPv6) {
pos++;
break;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("http.closingBracket"));
}
} else if (!inIPv6 && (isAlpha(c) || c == '-')) {
// Go back to the start and parse as a host / FQDN
reader.reset();
return readHostDomainName(reader);
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString(
"http.illegalCharacterIpv4", Character.toString((char) c)));
}
pos++;
} while (true);
if (octetCount != 4 || octet < 0 || octet > 255) {
// Might not be an IPv4 address. Could be a host name or a FQDN with
// fully numeric components. Go back to the start and parse as a
// host / FQDN.
reader.reset();
return readHostDomainName(reader);
}
return pos;
}
/**
* @return The position of ':' that separates the host from the port or -1
* if it is not present
*/
static int readHostIPv6(Reader reader) throws IOException {
// Must start with '['
int c = reader.read();
if (c != '[') {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("http.noOpeningBracket"));
}
int h16Count = 0;
int h16Size = 0;
int pos = 1;
boolean parsedDoubleColon = false;
int precedingColonsCount = 0;
do {
c = reader.read();
if (h16Count == 0 && precedingColonsCount == 1 && c != ':') {
// Can't start with a single :
throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("http.singleColonStart"));
}
if (HttpParser.isHex(c)) {
if (h16Size == 0) {
// Start of a new h16 block
precedingColonsCount = 0;
h16Count++;
}
h16Size++;
if (h16Size > 4) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("http.invalidHextet"));
}
} else if (c == ':') {
if (precedingColonsCount >=2 ) {
// ::: is not allowed
throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("http.tooManyColons"));
} else {
if(precedingColonsCount == 1) {
// End of ::
if (parsedDoubleColon ) {
// Only allowed one :: sequence
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
sm.getString("http.tooManyDoubleColons"));
}
parsedDoubleColon = true;
// :: represents at least one h16 block
h16Count++;
}
precedingColonsCount++;
// mark if the next symbol is hex before the actual read
reader.mark(4);
}
h16Size = 0;
} else if (c == ']') {
if (precedingColonsCount == 1) {
// Can't end on a single ':'
throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("http.singleColonEnd"));
}
pos++;
break;
} else if (c == '.') {
if (h16Count == 7 || h16Count < 7 && parsedDoubleColon) {
reader.reset();
pos -= h16Size;
pos += readHostIPv4(reader, true);
h16Count++;
break;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("http.invalidIpv4Location"));
}
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString(
"http.illegalCharacterIpv6", Character.toString((char) c)));
}
pos++;
} while (true);
if (h16Count > 8) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
sm.getString("http.tooManyHextets", Integer.toString(h16Count)));
} else if (h16Count != 8 && !parsedDoubleColon) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
sm.getString("http.tooFewHextets", Integer.toString(h16Count)));
}
c = reader.read();
if (c == ':') {
return pos;
} else {
if(c == -1) {
return -1;
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
sm.getString("http.illegalAfterIpv6", Character.toString((char) c)));
}
}
/**
* @return The position of ':' that separates the host from the port or -1
* if it is not present
*/
static int readHostDomainName(Reader reader) throws IOException {
DomainParseState state = DomainParseState.NEW;
int pos = 0;
while (state.mayContinue()) {
state = state.next(reader.read());
pos++;
}
if (DomainParseState.COLON == state) {
// State identifies the state of the previous character
return pos - 1;
} else {
return -1;
}
}
/**
* Skips all characters until EOF or the specified target is found. Normally
* used to skip invalid input until the next separator.
*/
static SkipResult skipUntil(Reader input, int c, char target) throws IOException {
while (c != -1 && c != target) {
c = input.read();
}
if (c == -1) {
return SkipResult.EOF;
} else {
return SkipResult.FOUND;
}
}
private void relax(boolean[] flags, String relaxedChars) {
if (relaxedChars != null && relaxedChars.length() > 0) {
char[] chars = relaxedChars.toCharArray();
for (char c : chars) {
if (isRelaxable(c)) {
flags[c] = true;
IS_NOT_REQUEST_TARGET[c] = false;
}
}
}
}
private enum DomainParseState {
NEW( true, false, false, false, " at the start of"),
ALPHA( true, true, true, true, " after a letter in"),
NUMERIC( true, true, true, true, " after a number in"),
PERIOD( true, false, false, false, " after a period in"),
HYPHEN( true, true, false, false, " after a hypen in"),
COLON( false, false, false, false, " after a colon in"),
END( false, false, false, false, " at the end of");
private final boolean mayContinue;
private final boolean allowsHyphen;
private final boolean allowsPeriod;
private final boolean allowsEnd;
private final String errorLocation;
private DomainParseState(boolean mayContinue, boolean allowsHyphen, boolean allowsPeriod,
boolean allowsEnd, String errorLocation) {
this.mayContinue = mayContinue;
this.allowsHyphen = allowsHyphen;
this.allowsPeriod = allowsPeriod;
this.allowsEnd = allowsEnd;
this.errorLocation = errorLocation;
}
public boolean mayContinue() {
return mayContinue;
}
public DomainParseState next(int c) {
if (HttpParser.isAlpha(c)) {
return ALPHA;
} else if (HttpParser.isNumeric(c)) {
return NUMERIC;
} else if (c == '.') {
if (allowsPeriod) {
return PERIOD;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("http.invalidCharacterDomain",
Character.toString((char) c), errorLocation));
}
} else if (c == ':') {
if (allowsEnd) {
return COLON;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("http.invalidCharacterDomain",
Character.toString((char) c), errorLocation));
}
} else if (c == -1) {
if (allowsEnd) {
return END;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
sm.getString("http.invalidSegmentEndState", this.name()));
}
} else if (c == '-') {
if (allowsHyphen) {
return HYPHEN;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("http.invalidCharacterDomain",
Character.toString((char) c), errorLocation));
}
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString(
"http.illegalCharacterDomain", Character.toString((char) c)));
}
}
}
}