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class="breadcrumbs__item"><span class="breadcrumbs__link">Contributing</span><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">Conventions and Typing</span><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li></ul></nav><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="conventions">Conventions<a href="#conventions" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Conventions" title="Direct link to Conventions"></a></h2><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="python">Python<a href="#python" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Python" title="Direct link to Python"></a></h3><p>Parameters in the <code>config.py</code> (which are accessible via the Flask app.config dictionary) are assumed to always be defined and thus should be accessed directly via,</p><div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">blueprints </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">config</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"BLUEPRINTS"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>rather than,</p><div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain">blueprints </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">=</span><span class="token plain"> app</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">config</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">get</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token string" style="color:#e3116c">"BLUEPRINTS"</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><p>or similar as the later will cause typing issues. The former is of type <code>List[Callable]</code> whereas the later is of type <code>Optional[List[Callable]]</code>.</p><h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="typing">Typing<a href="#typing" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Typing" title="Direct link to Typing"></a></h2><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="python-1">Python<a href="#python-1" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Python" title="Direct link to Python"></a></h3><p>To ensure clarity, consistency, all readability, <em>all</em> new functions should use |
| <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/typing.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">type hints</a> and include a |
| docstring.</p><p>Note per <a href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0484/#exceptions" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">PEP-484</a> no |
| syntax for listing explicitly raised exceptions is proposed and thus the |
| recommendation is to put this information in a docstring, i.e.,</p><div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#393A34;--prism-background-color:#f6f8fa"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> math</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">from</span><span class="token plain"> typing </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">import</span><span class="token plain"> Union</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"></span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">def</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token function" style="color:#d73a49">sqrt</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">x</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"> Union</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token builtin">float</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">-</span><span class="token operator" style="color:#393A34">></span><span class="token plain"> Union</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">[</span><span class="token builtin">float</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">,</span><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token builtin">int</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">]</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">:</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c">"""</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c"> Return the square root of x.</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="display:inline-block;color:#e3116c"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c"> :param x: A number</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c"> :returns: The square root of the given number</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c"> :raises ValueError: If the number is negative</span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token triple-quoted-string string" style="color:#e3116c"> """</span><span class="token plain"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain" style="display:inline-block"></span><br></span><span class="token-line" style="color:#393A34"><span class="token plain"> </span><span class="token keyword" style="color:#00009f">return</span><span class="token plain"> math</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">.</span><span class="token plain">sqrt</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">(</span><span class="token plain">x</span><span class="token punctuation" style="color:#393A34">)</span><br></span></code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><span class="copyButtonIcons_eSgA" aria-hidden="true"><svg class="copyButtonIcon_y97N" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div><h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="typescript">TypeScript<a href="#typescript" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to TypeScript" title="Direct link to TypeScript"></a></h3><p>TypeScript is fully supported and is the recommended language for writing all new frontend components. When modifying existing functions/components, migrating to TypeScript is appreciated, but not required. Examples of migrating functions/components to TypeScript can be found in <a href="https://github.com/apache/superset/pull/9162" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">#9162</a> and <a href="https://github.com/apache/superset/pull/9180" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">#9180</a>.</p></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/apache/superset/tree/master/docs/docs/contributing/conventions-and-typing.mdx" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_Z9Sw" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_vwxv"></div></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages navigation"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/docs/contributing/hooks-and-linting"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Pre-commit Hooks and Linting</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href="/docs/contributing/testing-locally"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">Testing</div></a></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#conventions" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Conventions</a><ul><li><a href="#python" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Python</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#typing" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Typing</a><ul><li><a href="#python-1" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Python</a></li><li><a href="#typescript" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">TypeScript</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">Copyright © 2023, |
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