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     <h1 id="package-configuration">Package Configuration</h1>

 <p>Packages are a way to group actions, results, result types, interceptors, and interceptor-stacks into a logical
 configuration unit. Conceptually, packages are similar to objects in that they can be extended and have individual
 parts that can be overridden by “sub” packages.</p>

 <h2 id="packages">Packages</h2>

 <p>The package element has one required attribute <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">name</code>, which acts as the key for later reference to the package.
 The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">extends</code> attribute is optional and allows one package to inherit the configuration of one or more previous packages</p>
 <ul>
   <li>including all interceptor, interceptor-stack, and action configurations.</li>
 </ul>

 <blockquote>
   <p>Note that the configuration file is processed sequentially down the document, so the package referenced
 by an “extends” should be defined <em>above</em>  the package which extends it.</p>
 </blockquote>

 <p>The optional <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">abstract</code> attribute creates a base package that can omit the action configuration.</p>

 <table>
   <thead>
     <tr>
       <th>Attribute</th>
       <th>Required</th>
       <th>Description</th>
     </tr>
   </thead>
   <tbody>
     <tr>
       <td>name</td>
       <td><strong>yes</strong></td>
       <td>key to for other packages to reference</td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
       <td>extends</td>
       <td>no</td>
       <td>inherits package behavior of the package it extends</td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
       <td>namespace</td>
       <td>no</td>
       <td>see <a href="namespace-configuration">Namespace Configuration</a></td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
       <td>abstract</td>
       <td>no</td>
       <td>declares package to be abstract (no action configurations required in package)</td>
     </tr>
   </tbody>
 </table>

 <h3 id="simple-usage">Simple usage</h3>

 <p><strong>Package Example (struts.xml)</strong></p>

 <div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;struts&gt;</span>
   <span class="nt">&lt;package</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"employee"</span> <span class="na">extends=</span><span class="s">"struts-default"</span> <span class="na">namespace=</span><span class="s">"/employee"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
     <span class="nt">&lt;default-interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"crudStack"</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>

     <span class="nt">&lt;action</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"list"</span> <span class="na">method=</span><span class="s">"list"</span>
       <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.showcase.action.EmployeeAction"</span> <span class="nt">&gt;</span>
         <span class="nt">&lt;result&gt;</span>/empmanager/listEmployees.jsp<span class="nt">&lt;/result&gt;</span>
         <span class="nt">&lt;interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"basicStack"</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
     <span class="nt">&lt;/action&gt;</span>
     <span class="nt">&lt;action</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"edit-*"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.showcase.action.EmployeeAction"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
       <span class="nt">&lt;param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"empId"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>{1}<span class="nt">&lt;/param&gt;</span>
       <span class="nt">&lt;result&gt;</span>/empmanager/editEmployee.jsp<span class="nt">&lt;/result&gt;</span>
         <span class="nt">&lt;interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"crudStack"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
           <span class="nt">&lt;param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"validation.excludeMethods"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>execute<span class="nt">&lt;/param&gt;</span>
         <span class="nt">&lt;/interceptor-ref&gt;</span>
       <span class="nt">&lt;/action&gt;</span>
       <span class="nt">&lt;action</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"save"</span> <span class="na">method=</span><span class="s">"save"</span>
           <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.showcase.action.EmployeeAction"</span> <span class="nt">&gt;</span>
         <span class="nt">&lt;result</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"input"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>/empmanager/editEmployee.jsp<span class="nt">&lt;/result&gt;</span>
         <span class="nt">&lt;result</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"redirect"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>edit-${currentEmployee.empId}.action<span class="nt">&lt;/result&gt;</span>
       <span class="nt">&lt;/action&gt;</span>
       <span class="nt">&lt;action</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"delete"</span> <span class="na">method=</span><span class="s">"delete"</span>
         <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.showcase.action.EmployeeAction"</span> <span class="nt">&gt;</span>
         <span class="nt">&lt;result</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"error"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>/empmanager/editEmployee.jsp<span class="nt">&lt;/result&gt;</span>
         <span class="nt">&lt;result</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"redirect"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>edit-${currentEmployee.empId}.action<span class="nt">&lt;/result&gt;</span>
       <span class="nt">&lt;/action&gt;</span>
   <span class="nt">&lt;/package&gt;</span>
 <span class="nt">&lt;/struts&gt;</span>
 </code></pre></div></div>

 <h3 id="inherit-from-more-than-one-package">Inherit from more than one package</h3>

 <p><strong>Multi package Example (struts.xml)</strong></p>

 <div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;struts&gt;</span>
   <span class="nt">&lt;package</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"employee"</span> <span class="na">extends=</span><span class="s">"struts-default, json-default"</span> <span class="na">namespace=</span><span class="s">"/employee"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>

     <span class="nt">&lt;action</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"list"</span> <span class="na">method=</span><span class="s">"list"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.showcase.action.EmployeeAction"</span> <span class="nt">&gt;</span>
         <span class="nt">&lt;result&gt;</span>/empmanager/listEmployees.jsp<span class="nt">&lt;/result&gt;</span>
         <span class="nt">&lt;result</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"json"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
             <span class="nt">&lt;param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"root"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>employees<span class="nt">&lt;/param&gt;</span>
         <span class="nt">&lt;/result&gt;</span>
     <span class="nt">&lt;/action&gt;</span>

   <span class="nt">&lt;/package&gt;</span>
 <span class="nt">&lt;/struts&gt;</span>
 </code></pre></div></div>

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	<h1 id="package-configuration">Package Configuration</h1>

	<p>Packages are a way to group actions, results, result types, interceptors, and interceptor-stacks into a logical
	configuration unit. Conceptually, packages are similar to objects in that they can be extended and have individual
	parts that can be overridden by “sub” packages.</p>

	<h2 id="packages">Packages</h2>

	<p>The package element has one required attribute <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">name</code>, which acts as the key for later reference to the package.
	The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">extends</code> attribute is optional and allows one package to inherit the configuration of one or more previous packages</p>
	<ul>
	<li>including all interceptor, interceptor-stack, and action configurations.</li>
	</ul>

	<blockquote>
	<p>Note that the configuration file is processed sequentially down the document, so the package referenced
	by an “extends” should be defined <em>above</em> the package which extends it.</p>
	</blockquote>

	<p>The optional <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">abstract</code> attribute creates a base package that can omit the action configuration.</p>

	<table>
	<thead>
	<tr>
	<th>Attribute</th>
	<th>Required</th>
	<th>Description</th>
	</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
	<tr>
	<td>name</td>
	<td><strong>yes</strong></td>
	<td>key to for other packages to reference</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>extends</td>
	<td>no</td>
	<td>inherits package behavior of the package it extends</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>namespace</td>
	<td>no</td>
	<td>see <a href="namespace-configuration">Namespace Configuration</a></td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>abstract</td>
	<td>no</td>
	<td>declares package to be abstract (no action configurations required in package)</td>
	</tr>
	</tbody>
	</table>

	<h3 id="simple-usage">Simple usage</h3>

	<p><strong>Package Example (struts.xml)</strong></p>

	<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt"><struts></span>
	<span class="nt"><package</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"employee"</span> <span class="na">extends=</span><span class="s">"struts-default"</span> <span class="na">namespace=</span><span class="s">"/employee"</span><span class="nt">></span>
	<span class="nt"><default-interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"crudStack"</span><span class="nt">/></span>

	<span class="nt"><action</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"list"</span> <span class="na">method=</span><span class="s">"list"</span>
	<span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.showcase.action.EmployeeAction"</span> <span class="nt">></span>
	<span class="nt"><result></span>/empmanager/listEmployees.jsp<span class="nt"></result></span>
	<span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"basicStack"</span><span class="nt">/></span>
	<span class="nt"></action></span>
	<span class="nt"><action</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"edit-*"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.showcase.action.EmployeeAction"</span><span class="nt">></span>
	<span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"empId"</span><span class="nt">></span>{1}<span class="nt"></param></span>
	<span class="nt"><result></span>/empmanager/editEmployee.jsp<span class="nt"></result></span>
	<span class="nt"><interceptor-ref</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"crudStack"</span><span class="nt">></span>
	<span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"validation.excludeMethods"</span><span class="nt">></span>execute<span class="nt"></param></span>
	<span class="nt"></interceptor-ref></span>
	<span class="nt"></action></span>
	<span class="nt"><action</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"save"</span> <span class="na">method=</span><span class="s">"save"</span>
	<span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.showcase.action.EmployeeAction"</span> <span class="nt">></span>
	<span class="nt"><result</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"input"</span><span class="nt">></span>/empmanager/editEmployee.jsp<span class="nt"></result></span>
	<span class="nt"><result</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"redirect"</span><span class="nt">></span>edit-${currentEmployee.empId}.action<span class="nt"></result></span>
	<span class="nt"></action></span>
	<span class="nt"><action</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"delete"</span> <span class="na">method=</span><span class="s">"delete"</span>
	<span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.showcase.action.EmployeeAction"</span> <span class="nt">></span>
	<span class="nt"><result</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"error"</span><span class="nt">></span>/empmanager/editEmployee.jsp<span class="nt"></result></span>
	<span class="nt"><result</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"redirect"</span><span class="nt">></span>edit-${currentEmployee.empId}.action<span class="nt"></result></span>
	<span class="nt"></action></span>
	<span class="nt"></package></span>
	<span class="nt"></struts></span>
	</code></pre></div></div>

	<h3 id="inherit-from-more-than-one-package">Inherit from more than one package</h3>

	<p><strong>Multi package Example (struts.xml)</strong></p>

	<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt"><struts></span>
	<span class="nt"><package</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"employee"</span> <span class="na">extends=</span><span class="s">"struts-default, json-default"</span> <span class="na">namespace=</span><span class="s">"/employee"</span><span class="nt">></span>

	<span class="nt"><action</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"list"</span> <span class="na">method=</span><span class="s">"list"</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"org.apache.struts2.showcase.action.EmployeeAction"</span> <span class="nt">></span>
	<span class="nt"><result></span>/empmanager/listEmployees.jsp<span class="nt"></result></span>
	<span class="nt"><result</span> <span class="na">type=</span><span class="s">"json"</span><span class="nt">></span>
	<span class="nt"><param</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"root"</span><span class="nt">></span>employees<span class="nt"></param></span>
	<span class="nt"></result></span>
	<span class="nt"></action></span>

	<span class="nt"></package></span>
	<span class="nt"></struts></span>
	</code></pre></div></div>

	</section>
	</article>


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