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 <article class="container">
   <section class="col-md-12">
     <a class="edit-on-gh" href="https://github.com/apache/struts-site/edit/master/source/tag-developers/freemarker-tags.md" title="Edit this page on GitHub">Edit on GitHub</a>

     <a href="index" title="back to Tag Developers Guide"><< back to Tag Developers Guide</a>

     <h1 class="no_toc" id="freemarker-tags">FreeMarker Tags</h1>

 <ul id="markdown-toc">
   <li><a href="#attributes-and-parameters" id="markdown-toc-attributes-and-parameters">Attributes and Parameters</a>    <ul>
       <li><a href="#using-inline-attributes-with-templates" id="markdown-toc-using-inline-attributes-with-templates">Using inline attributes with templates</a></li>
     </ul>
   </li>
   <li><a href="#attribute-types" id="markdown-toc-attribute-types">Attribute Types</a></li>
   <li><a href="#jsp-tag-support" id="markdown-toc-jsp-tag-support">JSP Tag Support</a></li>
 </ul>

 <p>FreeMarker tags are extensions of the generic <a href="struts-tags">Struts Tags</a> provided by the framework. You can jump
 right in just by knowing the generic structure in which the tags can be accessed:</p>

 <pre><code class="language-ftl">&lt;@s.tag&gt; ...&lt;/@s.tag&gt;
 </code></pre>

 <p>, where <code class="highlighter-rouge">tag</code> is any of the <a href="tag-reference">tags</a> supported by the framework.</p>

 <p>For example, in JSP you might create a form using Struts tags.</p>

 <p><strong>JSP Form</strong></p>

 <pre><code class="language-jsp">&lt;s:form action="updatePerson"&gt;
     &lt;s:textfield label="First name" name="firstName"/&gt;
     &lt;s:submit value="Update"/&gt;
 &lt;/s:form&gt;
 </code></pre>

 <p>In FreeMarker the same form can also be built using Struts tags.</p>

 <p><strong>FTL Form</strong></p>

 <pre><code class="language-ftl">&lt;@s.form action="updatePerson"&gt;
     &lt;@s.textfield label="First name" name="firstName"/&gt;
     &lt;@s.submit value="Update"/&gt;
 &lt;/@s.form&gt;
 </code></pre>

 <p><strong>But, wait there’s more!</strong></p>

 <p>Aside from doing everything that the JSP tags do, the FTL tags boast additional features that you can use to make your
 pages even easier to code. You can even invoke third-party JSP taglibs as if there were native FTL tags.</p>

 <h2 id="attributes-and-parameters">Attributes and Parameters</h2>

 <p>Unlike older versions of JSP (in which the <a href="jsp-tags">JSP Tags</a> are based), FreeMarker allows for <em>dynamic attributes</em>,
 much like JSP 2.0. You can supply attributes to the tags that the tag doesn’t explicitedly support. Those attributes
 that cannot be applied directly to the tag object will be set to the tag’s general-purpose <code class="highlighter-rouge">parameters</code> Map.</p>

 <p>Suppose we wanted to build an URL in a JSP. The URL needs to take an arbitary parameter to the query string,
 that (being arbitary) isn’t specified on the URL tag. In a JSP, we’d have to use the <code class="highlighter-rouge">url</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">param</code> tags together.</p>

 <p><strong>Creating a URL with a query string (JSP)</strong></p>

 <pre><code class="language-jsp">&lt;s:url value="somePage"&gt;
     &lt;s:param name="personId" value="%{personId}"/&gt;
 &lt;/s:url&gt;
 </code></pre>

 <p>In FreeMarker, we can pass the arbitrary parameter directly and create the URL in one simple statement.</p>

 <p><strong>Creating a URL with a query string (FTL)</strong></p>

 <pre><code class="language-ftl">&lt;@s.url value="somePage" personId="%{personId}"/&gt;
 </code></pre>

 <h3 id="using-inline-attributes-with-templates">Using inline attributes with templates</h3>

 <p>Suppose you created a “three column” theme to replace the typical two column theme (xhtml). You might want an additional
 parameter to display in the third column called “description”. Using FreeMarker, you can just pop the description
 attribute into the textfield tag, no fuss, no muss.</p>

 <p><strong>Passing an attribute to the template</strong></p>

 <pre><code class="language-ftl">&lt;@s.form action="updatePerson"&gt;
     &lt;@s.textfield label="First name" name="firstName" description="..."/&gt;
     &lt;@s.submit value="Update"/&gt;
 &lt;/@s.form&gt;
 </code></pre>

 <p>In the new template, the description is referenced via the parameters Map: <code class="highlighter-rouge">${parameters.description}</code>.</p>

 <blockquote>
   <p>For simple cases, inline attributes are much easier to use than the param} tag. But, the <code class="highlighter-rouge">param</code> tag is more flexible
 than inline attributes for advanced use cases. For example, <code class="highlighter-rouge">param</code> can take the entire body of the tag and apply
 that as the <code class="highlighter-rouge">value</code> attribute.</p>
 </blockquote>

 <h2 id="attribute-types">Attribute Types</h2>

 <p>Remember that all tag attributes must first be set as Strings - they are then later evaluated (using <a href="ognl">OGNL</a>)
 to a different type, such as List, int, or boolean. This generally works just fine, but it can be limiting when using
 FreeMarker which provides more advanced ways to apply attributes. Suppose the following example:</p>

 <pre><code class="language-ftl">&lt;@s.select label="Foo label - %{foo}" name="%{name}" list="%{1, 2, 3}"/&gt;
 </code></pre>

 <p>What will happen here is that each attribute will be evaluated to a String as best it can. This may involve calling the
 <code class="highlighter-rouge">toString</code> method on the internal FreeMarker objects. In this case, all objects will end up being exactly what you would
 expect. Then, when the tag runs, the <code class="highlighter-rouge">list</code> attribute will be converted from a String to a List using <a href="ognl">OGNL</a>’s
 advanced collection support.</p>

 <p>But suppose you wish to use FreeMarker’s list or hash support instead? You can do this:</p>

 <pre><code class="language-ftl">&lt;@s.select label="Foo label - %{foo}" name="%{name}" list=[1, 2, 3]/&gt;
 </code></pre>

 <p>Notice that the list attribute no longer has quotes around it. Now it will come in to the tag as an object that can’t
 easily be converted to a String. Normally, the tag would just call <code class="highlighter-rouge">toString</code>, which would return <code class="highlighter-rouge">[1, 2, 3]</code> and be
 unable to be converted back to a List by OGNL. Rather than go through all this back and forth, the frameworks’s FreeMarker
 tag support will recognize collections and not pass them through the normal tag attribute. Instead, the framework will
 set them directly in the <code class="highlighter-rouge">parameters</code> Map, ready to be consumed by the template.</p>

 <p>In the end, everything tends to do what you would expect, but it can help to understand the difference of when OGNL is
 being used and when it isn’t, and how attribute types get converted.</p>

 <h2 id="jsp-tag-support">JSP Tag Support</h2>

 <p>While the framework provides native FreeMarker Tags, you might wish to use other third-party tags that are only available
 for JSP. Fortunately, FreeMarker has the ability to run JSP tags. To do so, you must include the JspSupportServlet in
 the application’s <code class="highlighter-rouge">web.xml</code>, as this allows the FreeMarker integration to get access to the required objects needed
 to emulate a JSP taglib container.</p>

 <p><strong>Adding JspSupportSerlvet to web.xml</strong></p>

 <div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt">&lt;servlet&gt;</span>
     <span class="nt">&lt;servlet-name&gt;</span>JspSupportServlet<span class="nt">&lt;/servlet-name&gt;</span>
     <span class="nt">&lt;servlet-class&gt;</span>org.apache.struts2.views.JspSupportServlet<span class="nt">&lt;/servlet-class&gt;</span>
     <span class="nt">&lt;load-on-startup&gt;</span>1<span class="nt">&lt;/load-on-startup&gt;</span>
 <span class="nt">&lt;/servlet&gt;</span>
 </code></pre></div></div>

 <p>Once you’ve done that, you can simply add something like this in your templates:</p>

 <pre><code class="language-ftl">&lt;#assign cewolf=JspTaglibs["/WEB-INF/cewolf.tld"] /&gt;
 ...
 &lt;@cewold.xxx ... /&gt;
 </code></pre>

   </section>
 </article>


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	<article class="container">
	<section class="col-md-12">
	<a class="edit-on-gh" href="https://github.com/apache/struts-site/edit/master/source/tag-developers/freemarker-tags.md" title="Edit this page on GitHub">Edit on GitHub</a>

	<a href="index" title="back to Tag Developers Guide"><< back to Tag Developers Guide</a>

	<h1 class="no_toc" id="freemarker-tags">FreeMarker Tags</h1>

	<ul id="markdown-toc">
	<li><a href="#attributes-and-parameters" id="markdown-toc-attributes-and-parameters">Attributes and Parameters</a> <ul>
	<li><a href="#using-inline-attributes-with-templates" id="markdown-toc-using-inline-attributes-with-templates">Using inline attributes with templates</a></li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li><a href="#attribute-types" id="markdown-toc-attribute-types">Attribute Types</a></li>
	<li><a href="#jsp-tag-support" id="markdown-toc-jsp-tag-support">JSP Tag Support</a></li>
	</ul>

	<p>FreeMarker tags are extensions of the generic <a href="struts-tags">Struts Tags</a> provided by the framework. You can jump
	right in just by knowing the generic structure in which the tags can be accessed:</p>

	<pre><code class="language-ftl"><@s.tag> ...</@s.tag>
	</code></pre>

	<p>, where <code class="highlighter-rouge">tag</code> is any of the <a href="tag-reference">tags</a> supported by the framework.</p>

	<p>For example, in JSP you might create a form using Struts tags.</p>

	<p><strong>JSP Form</strong></p>

	<pre><code class="language-jsp"><s:form action="updatePerson">
	<s:textfield label="First name" name="firstName"/>
	<s:submit value="Update"/>
	</s:form>
	</code></pre>

	<p>In FreeMarker the same form can also be built using Struts tags.</p>

	<p><strong>FTL Form</strong></p>

	<pre><code class="language-ftl"><@s.form action="updatePerson">
	<@s.textfield label="First name" name="firstName"/>
	<@s.submit value="Update"/>
	</@s.form>
	</code></pre>

	<p><strong>But, wait there’s more!</strong></p>

	<p>Aside from doing everything that the JSP tags do, the FTL tags boast additional features that you can use to make your
	pages even easier to code. You can even invoke third-party JSP taglibs as if there were native FTL tags.</p>

	<h2 id="attributes-and-parameters">Attributes and Parameters</h2>

	<p>Unlike older versions of JSP (in which the <a href="jsp-tags">JSP Tags</a> are based), FreeMarker allows for <em>dynamic attributes</em>,
	much like JSP 2.0. You can supply attributes to the tags that the tag doesn’t explicitedly support. Those attributes
	that cannot be applied directly to the tag object will be set to the tag’s general-purpose <code class="highlighter-rouge">parameters</code> Map.</p>

	<p>Suppose we wanted to build an URL in a JSP. The URL needs to take an arbitary parameter to the query string,
	that (being arbitary) isn’t specified on the URL tag. In a JSP, we’d have to use the <code class="highlighter-rouge">url</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">param</code> tags together.</p>

	<p><strong>Creating a URL with a query string (JSP)</strong></p>

	<pre><code class="language-jsp"><s:url value="somePage">
	<s:param name="personId" value="%{personId}"/>
	</s:url>
	</code></pre>

	<p>In FreeMarker, we can pass the arbitrary parameter directly and create the URL in one simple statement.</p>

	<p><strong>Creating a URL with a query string (FTL)</strong></p>

	<pre><code class="language-ftl"><@s.url value="somePage" personId="%{personId}"/>
	</code></pre>

	<h3 id="using-inline-attributes-with-templates">Using inline attributes with templates</h3>

	<p>Suppose you created a “three column” theme to replace the typical two column theme (xhtml). You might want an additional
	parameter to display in the third column called “description”. Using FreeMarker, you can just pop the description
	attribute into the textfield tag, no fuss, no muss.</p>

	<p><strong>Passing an attribute to the template</strong></p>

	<pre><code class="language-ftl"><@s.form action="updatePerson">
	<@s.textfield label="First name" name="firstName" description="..."/>
	<@s.submit value="Update"/>
	</@s.form>
	</code></pre>

	<p>In the new template, the description is referenced via the parameters Map: <code class="highlighter-rouge">${parameters.description}</code>.</p>

	<blockquote>
	<p>For simple cases, inline attributes are much easier to use than the param} tag. But, the <code class="highlighter-rouge">param</code> tag is more flexible
	than inline attributes for advanced use cases. For example, <code class="highlighter-rouge">param</code> can take the entire body of the tag and apply
	that as the <code class="highlighter-rouge">value</code> attribute.</p>
	</blockquote>

	<h2 id="attribute-types">Attribute Types</h2>

	<p>Remember that all tag attributes must first be set as Strings - they are then later evaluated (using <a href="ognl">OGNL</a>)
	to a different type, such as List, int, or boolean. This generally works just fine, but it can be limiting when using
	FreeMarker which provides more advanced ways to apply attributes. Suppose the following example:</p>

	<pre><code class="language-ftl"><@s.select label="Foo label - %{foo}" name="%{name}" list="%{1, 2, 3}"/>
	</code></pre>

	<p>What will happen here is that each attribute will be evaluated to a String as best it can. This may involve calling the
	<code class="highlighter-rouge">toString</code> method on the internal FreeMarker objects. In this case, all objects will end up being exactly what you would
	expect. Then, when the tag runs, the <code class="highlighter-rouge">list</code> attribute will be converted from a String to a List using <a href="ognl">OGNL</a>’s
	advanced collection support.</p>

	<p>But suppose you wish to use FreeMarker’s list or hash support instead? You can do this:</p>

	<pre><code class="language-ftl"><@s.select label="Foo label - %{foo}" name="%{name}" list=[1, 2, 3]/>
	</code></pre>

	<p>Notice that the list attribute no longer has quotes around it. Now it will come in to the tag as an object that can’t
	easily be converted to a String. Normally, the tag would just call <code class="highlighter-rouge">toString</code>, which would return <code class="highlighter-rouge">[1, 2, 3]</code> and be
	unable to be converted back to a List by OGNL. Rather than go through all this back and forth, the frameworks’s FreeMarker
	tag support will recognize collections and not pass them through the normal tag attribute. Instead, the framework will
	set them directly in the <code class="highlighter-rouge">parameters</code> Map, ready to be consumed by the template.</p>

	<p>In the end, everything tends to do what you would expect, but it can help to understand the difference of when OGNL is
	being used and when it isn’t, and how attribute types get converted.</p>

	<h2 id="jsp-tag-support">JSP Tag Support</h2>

	<p>While the framework provides native FreeMarker Tags, you might wish to use other third-party tags that are only available
	for JSP. Fortunately, FreeMarker has the ability to run JSP tags. To do so, you must include the JspSupportServlet in
	the application’s <code class="highlighter-rouge">web.xml</code>, as this allows the FreeMarker integration to get access to the required objects needed
	to emulate a JSP taglib container.</p>

	<p><strong>Adding JspSupportSerlvet to web.xml</strong></p>

	<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nt"><servlet></span>
	<span class="nt"><servlet-name></span>JspSupportServlet<span class="nt"></servlet-name></span>
	<span class="nt"><servlet-class></span>org.apache.struts2.views.JspSupportServlet<span class="nt"></servlet-class></span>
	<span class="nt"><load-on-startup></span>1<span class="nt"></load-on-startup></span>
	<span class="nt"></servlet></span>
	</code></pre></div></div>

	<p>Once you’ve done that, you can simply add something like this in your templates:</p>

	<pre><code class="language-ftl"><#assign cewolf=JspTaglibs["/WEB-INF/cewolf.tld"] />
	...
	<@cewold.xxx ... />
	</code></pre>

	</section>
	</article>


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