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| <h1 id="formatting-dates-and-numbers">Formatting Dates and Numbers</h1> |
| |
| <h2 id="defining-formats">Defining Formats</h2> |
| |
| <p>Struts2 supports localization (l10n) aware formatting of dates, times and numbers very easily, utilizing Java’s |
| built-in date formatting features.</p> |
| |
| <p>As seen in the <a href="localization.html">Localization</a> chapter, it is quite easy to define hierarchical resource bundles |
| with Struts2, giving the developer the opportunity to define locale dependent message formats. This is the entry point |
| to define the needed date, time and number formats. Your default properties could contain the following generic formats:</p> |
| |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>format.time = {0,time} |
| format.number = {0,number,#0.0##} |
| format.percent = {0,number,##0.00'%'} |
| format.money = {0,number,\u00A4##0.00} |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>An appropriate en_US format definition extension could look like this:</p> |
| |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>format.date = {0,date,MM/dd/yy} |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>In parallel, you could add the following to your de_DE bundle:</p> |
| |
| <div class="highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>format.date = {0,date,dd.MM.yyyy} |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>Read more on how to define message formats in Sun’s Java API docs for <a href="http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/java/text/MessageFormat.html">MessageFormat</a>.</p> |
| |
| <p>Now that we have our formats set up, it is quite easy to use them in our views.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="formatting-output-using-the-stext-tag">Formatting output using the s:text tag</h2> |
| |
| <p>Given you had a Float value myMoneyValue, accessible through the getter getMyMoneyValue in your action, the following |
| code would print out localized representation of the value as a currency amount, using the format.money message |
| format defined above with a <code class="highlighter-rouge">s:text</code> tag:</p> |
| |
| <pre><code class="language-jsp"><s:text name="format.money"> |
| <s:param name="value" value="myMoneyValue"/> |
| </s:text> |
| </code></pre> |
| |
| <p>The (first) parameter defines the value which is to replace the ‘0’ placeholder in the defined message format.</p> |
| |
| <p>Another example, formatting a date value:</p> |
| |
| <pre><code class="language-jsp"><s:text name="format.date"><s:param value="dueDate"/></s:text> |
| </code></pre> |
| |
| <blockquote> |
| <p>While the <code class="highlighter-rouge">s:text</code> tag is very useful to format numbers, date formatting has become a lot easier thanks |
| to the <code class="highlighter-rouge">s:date</code> tag.</p> |
| </blockquote> |
| |
| <h2 id="localizing-form-data-with-gettext">Localizing form data with getText</h2> |
| |
| <p>Placing a textfield in a form like this</p> |
| |
| <pre><code class="language-jsp"><s:textfield key="orderItem.price" /> |
| </code></pre> |
| |
| <p>to input a number, one might have noticed that the number is always shown in the Java default number format. Not only |
| that this is not “nice”, if you are in a non-en locale, it will also cause trouble when submitting the form since type |
| conversion is locale aware. The solution is to again use the message formats as defined above, by using the getText |
| method of ActionSupport:</p> |
| |
| <pre><code class="language-jsp"><s:textfield key="orderItem.price" value="%{getText('format.number',{orderItem.price})}" /> |
| </code></pre> |
| |
| <p>This maps to the method signature <code class="highlighter-rouge">getText( String key, Object[] params )</code> in ActionSupport.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="using-getformatted-with-conversion-support">Using getFormatted() with conversion support</h2> |
| |
| <p>A new method getFormatted was added to ActionSupport (which can be implemented in your base action) to support |
| formatting and conversion errors with I10N.</p> |
| |
| <p>You can place a code like below</p> |
| |
| <pre><code class="language-jsp"><s:textfield key="user.born" value="%{getFormatted('format.number','user.born')}" /> |
| </code></pre> |
| |
| <p>to get support for I10N and also to support conversion errors.</p> |
| |
| </section> |
| </article> |
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