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| <H2>18.4 Example Program: Exceptions</H2> |
| <BLOCKQUOTE><HR><B> |
| NOTE -- This program is in the file <code>tutorial/stdexcept.cpp</code>. |
| </B><HR></BLOCKQUOTE> |
| <A NAME="idx428"><!></A> |
| <P>This following example program demonstrates the use of exceptions:</P> |
| |
| <UL><PRE> |
| #include <string> // for string |
| #include <stdexcept> // for exception, runtime_error, out_of_range |
| #include <iostream> // for cout |
| |
| |
| int main () |
| { |
| // First we'll incite and catch an exception from the C++ Standard |
| // library class std::string by attempting to replace a substring |
| // starting at a position beyond the end of the string object. |
| try { |
| std::string ().replace (100, 1, 1, 'c'); |
| } |
| catch (std::out_of_range &e) { |
| |
| // Print out the exception string, which in this implementation |
| // includes the location and the name of the function that threw |
| // the exception along with the reason for the exception. |
| std::cout << "Caught an out_of_range exception: " |
| << e.what () << '\n'; |
| } |
| catch (std::exception &e) { |
| |
| std::cout << "Caught an exception of an unexpected type: " |
| << e.what () << '\n'; |
| } |
| catch (...) { |
| std::cout << "Caught an unknown exception\n"; |
| } |
| |
| // Throw another exception. |
| try { |
| throw std::runtime_error ("a runtime error"); |
| } |
| catch (std::runtime_error &e) { |
| std::cout << "Caught a runtime_error exception: " |
| << e.what () << '\n'; |
| } |
| catch (std::exception &e) { |
| std::cout << "Caught an exception of an unexpected type: " |
| << e.what () << '\n'; |
| } |
| catch (...) { |
| std::cout << "Caught an unknown exception\n"; |
| } |
| |
| return 0; |
| } |
| </PRE></UL> |
| <P>The exact output of the program is specific to the compiler used to compile it and to the location of the library headers but may look something like this:</P><UL><PRE> |
| Caught an out_of_range exception: /usr/local/stdcxx/include/string.cc:422: std::string& std::string::replace(size_type, size_type, size_type, char_type): argument value 100 out of range [0, 0) |
| Caught a runtime_error exception: a runtime error |
| </UL></PRE> |
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