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 <H2>auto_ptr</H2>
 <P><B>Library:</B>&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="2-4.html">General utilities</A></P>

 <PRE><HR><B><I>Does not inherit</I></B><HR></PRE>

 <UL>
 <LI><A HREF="#sec1">Local Index</A></LI>
 <LI><A HREF="#sec2">Summary</A></LI>
 <LI><A HREF="#sec3">Synopsis</A></LI>
 <LI><A HREF="#sec4">Description</A></LI>
 <LI><A HREF="#sec5">Interface</A></LI>
 <LI><A HREF="#sec6">Struct auto_ptr_ref</A></LI>
 <LI><A HREF="#sec7">Typedef</A></LI>
 <LI><A HREF="#sec8">Constructors</A></LI>
 <LI><A HREF="#sec9">Destructors</A></LI>
 <LI><A HREF="#sec10">Operators</A></LI>
 <LI><A HREF="#sec11">Member Functions</A></LI>
 <LI><A HREF="#sec12">Example</A></LI>
 <LI><A HREF="#sec13">Standards Conformance</A></LI>
 </UL>
 <A NAME="sec1"><H3>Local Index</H3></A>
 <H4>Members</H4>
 <UL><TABLE CELLPADDING=3>
 <TR><TD VALIGN=top>
 <A HREF="#idx21">auto_ptr()</A><BR>
 <A HREF="#idx19">auto_ptr_ref</A><BR>
 <A HREF="#idx20">element_type</A><BR>
 </TD>
 <TD VALIGN=top><A HREF="#idx30">get()</A><BR>
 <A HREF="#idx29">operator auto_ptr&lt;Y&gt;()</A><BR>
 <A HREF="#idx28">operator auto_ptr_ref&lt;Y&gt;()</A><BR>
 </TD>
 <TD VALIGN=top><A HREF="#idx26">operator*()</A><BR>
 <A HREF="#idx27">operator-&gt;()</A><BR>
 <A HREF="#idx25">operator=()</A><BR>
 </TD>
 <TD VALIGN=top><A HREF="#idx31">release()</A><BR>
 <A HREF="#idx32">reset()</A><BR>
 <A HREF="#idx24">~auto_ptr()</A><BR>
 </TD></TR>
 </TABLE></UL>

 <A NAME="sec2"><H3>Summary</H3></A>
 <P>A simple smart pointer class</P>
 <A NAME="sec3"><H3>Synopsis</H3></A>

 <PRE>#include &lt;memory&gt;

 namespace std {
   template &lt;class X&gt; class auto_ptr;
 }
 </PRE>
 <A NAME="sec4"><H3>Description</H3></A>
 <P>The class template specialization <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B> holds onto a pointer obtained via <SAMP>new()</SAMP> and then deletes that object when the <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B> object itself is destroyed. <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B> can be used to make calls to operator <SAMP>new()</SAMP> exception-safe. The <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B> class has semantics of strict ownership: an object may be safely pointed to by only one <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B>, so copying an <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B> copies the pointer and transfers ownership to the destination if the source had already had ownership. </P>
 <A NAME="sec5"><H3>Interface</H3></A>

 <UL><PRE>namespace std {

   template &lt;class Y&gt; struct auto_ptr_ref {};
   template &lt;class X&gt; class auto_ptr {
      public:
        typedef X element_type;

        // construct/copy/destroy
        explicit auto_ptr (X* p = 0) throw();
        auto_ptr(auto_ptr&lt;X&gt;&amp;) throw ();
        template &lt;class Y&gt;
        auto_ptr(auto_ptr&lt;Y&gt;&amp;) throw();
        auto_ptr&lt;X&gt;&amp; operator=(auto_ptr&lt;X&gt;&amp;) throw();
        template &lt;class Y&gt;
        auto_ptr&lt;X&gt;&amp; operator= (auto_ptr&lt;Y&gt;&amp;) throw();
        ~auto_ptr() throw();

        // members
        X&amp; operator* () const throw();
        X* operator-&gt; () const throw();
        X* get () const throw();
        X* release() throw();
        void reset(X* p = 0) throw();

        // conversions
        auto_ptr(auto_ptr_ref&lt;X&gt;) throw();
        template &lt;class Y&gt; operator auto_ptr_ref&lt;Y&gt;() throw();
        template &lt;class Y&gt; operator auto_ptr&lt;Y&gt;() throw();
   };
 }
 </PRE></UL>
 <A NAME="sec6"><H3>Struct auto_ptr_ref</H3></A>

 <A NAME="idx19"></A><PRE>template &lt;class Y&gt;
 struct <B>auto_ptr_ref</B>;</PRE>
 <UL>
 <P>A namespace-scope struct template that holds a reference to an <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B>. An <B><I>auto_ptr_ref</I></B> can only be constructed within an <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B> using a reference to an <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B>. It prevents unsafe copying.</P>
 </UL>

 <A NAME="sec7"><H3>Typedef</H3></A>

 <A NAME="idx20"></A><PRE>typedef X <B>element_type</B>;</PRE>
 <UL>
 <P>The type of element pointed to by <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B>. </P>
 </UL>

 <A NAME="sec8"><H3>Constructors</H3></A>

 <A NAME="idx21"></A><PRE>explicit
 <B>auto_ptr</B> (X* p = 0) throw();</PRE>
 <UL>
 <P>Constructs an object of class <B><I>auto_ptr&lt;X&gt;</I></B>, initializing the held pointer to&nbsp;<SAMP>p</SAMP>, and acquiring ownership of that pointer. <SAMP>p</SAMP> must point to an object of class <SAMP>X</SAMP>, a class derived from <SAMP>X</SAMP> for which <SAMP>delete p</SAMP> is defined and accessible, or <SAMP>p</SAMP> must be a null pointer.</P>
 </UL>


 <A NAME="idx22"></A><PRE><B>auto_ptr</B> (auto_ptr&lt;X&gt;&amp; a) throw();
 template &lt;class Y&gt;
 <B>auto_ptr</B> (auto_ptr&lt;Y&gt;&amp; a) throw();</PRE>
 <UL>
 <P>Constructs an object of class <B><I>auto_ptr&lt;X&gt;</I></B>, and copies the argument <SAMP>a</SAMP> to <SAMP>*this</SAMP>. If <SAMP>a</SAMP> owned the underlying pointer, then <SAMP>*this</SAMP> becomes the new owner of that pointer.</P>
 <P>For the constructor template, each specialization requires that a pointer to <SAMP>Y</SAMP> be implicitly convertible to pointer to <SAMP>element_type</SAMP>.</P>
 </UL>


 <A NAME="idx23"></A><PRE><B>auto_ptr</B> (auto_ptr_ref&lt;X&gt; r) throw();</PRE>
 <UL>
 <P>Constructs an <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B> from an <B><I>auto_ptr_ref</I></B>.</P>
 </UL>

 <A NAME="sec9"><H3>Destructors</H3></A>

 <A NAME="idx24"></A><PRE><B>~auto_ptr</B> () throw();</PRE>
 <UL>
 <P>Deletes the underlying pointer.</P>
 </UL>

 <A NAME="sec10"><H3>Operators</H3></A>

 <A NAME="idx25"></A><PRE>auto_ptr&lt;X&gt;&amp; <B>operator=</B>(auto_ptr&lt;X&gt;&amp; a) throw();
 template &lt;class Y&gt;
 auto_ptr&lt;X&gt;&amp; <B>operator=</B>(auto_ptr&lt;Y&gt;&amp; a) throw();</PRE>
 <UL>
 <P>Copies the argument <SAMP>a</SAMP> to <SAMP>*this</SAMP>. If <SAMP>a</SAMP> owned the underlying pointer, then <SAMP>*this</SAMP> becomes the new owner of that pointer. If <SAMP>*this</SAMP> already owned a pointer, that pointer is deleted first. The argument <SAMP>a</SAMP> is reset to zero.</P>
 <P>For the function template, each specialization requires that a pointer to <SAMP>Y</SAMP> be implicitly convertible to pointer to <SAMP>element_type</SAMP>.</P>
 </UL>


 <A NAME="idx26"></A><PRE>X&amp;
 <B>operator*</B>() const throw();</PRE>
 <UL>
 <P>Returns a reference to the object to which the underlying pointer points.</P>
 </UL>


 <A NAME="idx27"></A><PRE>X*
 <B>operator-&gt;</B>() const throw();</PRE>
 <UL>
 <P>Returns the underlying pointer.</P>
 </UL>


 <A NAME="idx28"></A><PRE>template &lt;class Y&gt;
 <B>operator auto_ptr_ref&lt;Y&gt;</B>() throw();</PRE>
 <UL>
 <P>Constructs an <B><I>auto_ptr_ref</I></B> from <SAMP>*this</SAMP> and returns it.</P>
 </UL>


 <A NAME="idx29"></A><PRE>template &lt;class Y&gt;
 <B>operator auto_ptr&lt;Y&gt;</B>() throw();</PRE>
 <UL>
 <P>Constructs a new <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B> using the underlying pointer held by <SAMP>*this</SAMP>. Calls <SAMP>release()</SAMP> on <SAMP>*this</SAMP>, so <SAMP>*this</SAMP> no longer possesses the pointer. Returns the new <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B>.</P>
 </UL>

 <A NAME="sec11"><H3>Member Functions</H3></A>

 <A NAME="idx30"></A><PRE>X*
 <B>get</B>() const throw();</PRE>
 <UL>
 <P>Returns the underlying pointer.</P>
 </UL>


 <A NAME="idx31"></A><PRE>X*
 <B>release</B>() throw();</PRE>
 <UL>
 <P>Releases ownership of the underlying pointer and returns that pointer. The <SAMP>*this</SAMP> object is left holding a null pointer.</P>
 </UL>


 <A NAME="idx32"></A><PRE>void
 <B>reset</B>(X* p = 0) throw();</PRE>
 <UL>
 <P>Sets the underlying pointer to <SAMP>p</SAMP>. If non-null, deletes the old underlying pointer.</P>
 </UL>

 <A NAME="sec12"><H3>Example</H3></A>

 <UL><PRE>//
 // auto_ptr.cpp
 //

 #include &lt;iostream&gt;   // for cout, endl
 #include &lt;memory&gt;     // for auto_ptr


 // A simple structure.
 class X
 {
     int i_;

 public:

     X (int i) : i_ (i) {
         std::cout &lt;&lt; "X::X (" &lt;&lt; i_ &lt;&lt; ')' &lt;&lt; std::endl;
     }

     ~X () {
         std::cout &lt;&lt; "X::~X [" &lt;&lt; i_ &lt;&lt; ']' &lt;&lt; std::endl;
     }

     int get () const { return i_; }
 };


 int main ()
 {
     // a implicitly initialized to 0 (the null pointer)
     std::auto_ptr&lt;X&gt; a;

     // Establish a scope.
     if (1) {
         // b will hold a pointer to an X.
         std::auto_ptr&lt;X&gt; b (new X (12345));

         // a will now be the owner of
         // the underlying pointer.
         a = b;
     }

     std::cout &lt;&lt; "b destroyed" &lt;&lt; std::endl;

         // Output the value contained by
         // the underlying pointer.
 #ifndef _RWSTD_NO_NONCLASS_ARROW_RETURN
         std::cout &lt;&lt; a-&gt;get () &lt;&lt; std::endl;
 #else
         std::cout &lt;&lt; (*a).get () &lt;&lt; std::endl;
 #endif

     // The pointer will be deleted when a is destroyed
     // on leaving scope.
     return 0;
 }

 Program Output:
 </PRE></UL>
 <P>X::X (12345)</P>
 <P>b destroyed</P>
 <P>12345</P>
 <P>X::~X [12345]</P>
 <A NAME="sec13"><H3>Standards Conformance</H3></A>
 <P><I>ISO/IEC 14882:1998 -- International Standard for Information Systems -- Programming Language C++, Section 20.4.5</I></P>

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	<H2>auto_ptr</H2>
	<P><B>Library:</B>  <A HREF="2-4.html">General utilities</A></P>

	<PRE><HR><B><I>Does not inherit</I></B><HR></PRE>

	<UL>
	<LI><A HREF="#sec1">Local Index</A></LI>
	<LI><A HREF="#sec2">Summary</A></LI>
	<LI><A HREF="#sec3">Synopsis</A></LI>
	<LI><A HREF="#sec4">Description</A></LI>
	<LI><A HREF="#sec5">Interface</A></LI>
	<LI><A HREF="#sec6">Struct auto_ptr_ref</A></LI>
	<LI><A HREF="#sec7">Typedef</A></LI>
	<LI><A HREF="#sec8">Constructors</A></LI>
	<LI><A HREF="#sec9">Destructors</A></LI>
	<LI><A HREF="#sec10">Operators</A></LI>
	<LI><A HREF="#sec11">Member Functions</A></LI>
	<LI><A HREF="#sec12">Example</A></LI>
	<LI><A HREF="#sec13">Standards Conformance</A></LI>
	</UL>
	<A NAME="sec1"><H3>Local Index</H3></A>
	<H4>Members</H4>
	<UL><TABLE CELLPADDING=3>
	<TR><TD VALIGN=top>
	<A HREF="#idx21">auto_ptr()</A><BR>
	<A HREF="#idx19">auto_ptr_ref</A><BR>
	<A HREF="#idx20">element_type</A><BR>
	</TD>
	<TD VALIGN=top><A HREF="#idx30">get()</A><BR>
	<A HREF="#idx29">operator auto_ptr<Y>()</A><BR>
	<A HREF="#idx28">operator auto_ptr_ref<Y>()</A><BR>
	</TD>
	<TD VALIGN=top><A HREF="#idx26">operator*()</A><BR>
	<A HREF="#idx27">operator->()</A><BR>
	<A HREF="#idx25">operator=()</A><BR>
	</TD>
	<TD VALIGN=top><A HREF="#idx31">release()</A><BR>
	<A HREF="#idx32">reset()</A><BR>
	<A HREF="#idx24">~auto_ptr()</A><BR>
	</TD></TR>
	</TABLE></UL>

	<A NAME="sec2"><H3>Summary</H3></A>
	<P>A simple smart pointer class</P>
	<A NAME="sec3"><H3>Synopsis</H3></A>

	<PRE>#include <memory>

	namespace std {
	template <class X> class auto_ptr;
	}
	</PRE>
	<A NAME="sec4"><H3>Description</H3></A>
	<P>The class template specialization <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B> holds onto a pointer obtained via <SAMP>new()</SAMP> and then deletes that object when the <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B> object itself is destroyed. <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B> can be used to make calls to operator <SAMP>new()</SAMP> exception-safe. The <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B> class has semantics of strict ownership: an object may be safely pointed to by only one <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B>, so copying an <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B> copies the pointer and transfers ownership to the destination if the source had already had ownership. </P>
	<A NAME="sec5"><H3>Interface</H3></A>

	<UL><PRE>namespace std {

	template <class Y> struct auto_ptr_ref {};
	template <class X> class auto_ptr {
	public:
	typedef X element_type;

	// construct/copy/destroy
	explicit auto_ptr (X* p = 0) throw();
	auto_ptr(auto_ptr<X>&) throw ();
	template <class Y>
	auto_ptr(auto_ptr<Y>&) throw();
	auto_ptr<X>& operator=(auto_ptr<X>&) throw();
	template <class Y>
	auto_ptr<X>& operator= (auto_ptr<Y>&) throw();
	~auto_ptr() throw();

	// members
	X& operator* () const throw();
	X* operator-> () const throw();
	X* get () const throw();
	X* release() throw();
	void reset(X* p = 0) throw();

	// conversions
	auto_ptr(auto_ptr_ref<X>) throw();
	template <class Y> operator auto_ptr_ref<Y>() throw();
	template <class Y> operator auto_ptr<Y>() throw();
	};
	}
	</PRE></UL>
	<A NAME="sec6"><H3>Struct auto_ptr_ref</H3></A>

	<A NAME="idx19"></A><PRE>template <class Y>
	struct <B>auto_ptr_ref</B>;</PRE>
	<UL>
	<P>A namespace-scope struct template that holds a reference to an <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B>. An <B><I>auto_ptr_ref</I></B> can only be constructed within an <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B> using a reference to an <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B>. It prevents unsafe copying.</P>
	</UL>

	<A NAME="sec7"><H3>Typedef</H3></A>

	<A NAME="idx20"></A><PRE>typedef X <B>element_type</B>;</PRE>
	<UL>
	<P>The type of element pointed to by <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B>. </P>
	</UL>

	<A NAME="sec8"><H3>Constructors</H3></A>

	<A NAME="idx21"></A><PRE>explicit
	<B>auto_ptr</B> (X* p = 0) throw();</PRE>
	<UL>
	<P>Constructs an object of class <B><I>auto_ptr<X></I></B>, initializing the held pointer to <SAMP>p</SAMP>, and acquiring ownership of that pointer. <SAMP>p</SAMP> must point to an object of class <SAMP>X</SAMP>, a class derived from <SAMP>X</SAMP> for which <SAMP>delete p</SAMP> is defined and accessible, or <SAMP>p</SAMP> must be a null pointer.</P>
	</UL>


	<A NAME="idx22"></A><PRE><B>auto_ptr</B> (auto_ptr<X>& a) throw();
	template <class Y>
	<B>auto_ptr</B> (auto_ptr<Y>& a) throw();</PRE>
	<UL>
	<P>Constructs an object of class <B><I>auto_ptr<X></I></B>, and copies the argument <SAMP>a</SAMP> to <SAMP>this</SAMP>. If <SAMP>a</SAMP> owned the underlying pointer, then <SAMP>this</SAMP> becomes the new owner of that pointer.</P>
	<P>For the constructor template, each specialization requires that a pointer to <SAMP>Y</SAMP> be implicitly convertible to pointer to <SAMP>element_type</SAMP>.</P>
	</UL>


	<A NAME="idx23"></A><PRE><B>auto_ptr</B> (auto_ptr_ref<X> r) throw();</PRE>
	<UL>
	<P>Constructs an <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B> from an <B><I>auto_ptr_ref</I></B>.</P>
	</UL>

	<A NAME="sec9"><H3>Destructors</H3></A>

	<A NAME="idx24"></A><PRE><B>~auto_ptr</B> () throw();</PRE>
	<UL>
	<P>Deletes the underlying pointer.</P>
	</UL>

	<A NAME="sec10"><H3>Operators</H3></A>

	<A NAME="idx25"></A><PRE>auto_ptr<X>& <B>operator=</B>(auto_ptr<X>& a) throw();
	template <class Y>
	auto_ptr<X>& <B>operator=</B>(auto_ptr<Y>& a) throw();</PRE>
	<UL>
	<P>Copies the argument <SAMP>a</SAMP> to <SAMP>this</SAMP>. If <SAMP>a</SAMP> owned the underlying pointer, then <SAMP>this</SAMP> becomes the new owner of that pointer. If <SAMP>*this</SAMP> already owned a pointer, that pointer is deleted first. The argument <SAMP>a</SAMP> is reset to zero.</P>
	<P>For the function template, each specialization requires that a pointer to <SAMP>Y</SAMP> be implicitly convertible to pointer to <SAMP>element_type</SAMP>.</P>
	</UL>


	<A NAME="idx26"></A><PRE>X&
	<B>operator*</B>() const throw();</PRE>
	<UL>
	<P>Returns a reference to the object to which the underlying pointer points.</P>
	</UL>


	<A NAME="idx27"></A><PRE>X*
	<B>operator-></B>() const throw();</PRE>
	<UL>
	<P>Returns the underlying pointer.</P>
	</UL>


	<A NAME="idx28"></A><PRE>template <class Y>
	<B>operator auto_ptr_ref<Y></B>() throw();</PRE>
	<UL>
	<P>Constructs an <B><I>auto_ptr_ref</I></B> from <SAMP>*this</SAMP> and returns it.</P>
	</UL>


	<A NAME="idx29"></A><PRE>template <class Y>
	<B>operator auto_ptr<Y></B>() throw();</PRE>
	<UL>
	<P>Constructs a new <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B> using the underlying pointer held by <SAMP>this</SAMP>. Calls <SAMP>release()</SAMP> on <SAMP>this</SAMP>, so <SAMP>*this</SAMP> no longer possesses the pointer. Returns the new <B><I>auto_ptr</I></B>.</P>
	</UL>

	<A NAME="sec11"><H3>Member Functions</H3></A>

	<A NAME="idx30"></A><PRE>X*
	<B>get</B>() const throw();</PRE>
	<UL>
	<P>Returns the underlying pointer.</P>
	</UL>


	<A NAME="idx31"></A><PRE>X*
	<B>release</B>() throw();</PRE>
	<UL>
	<P>Releases ownership of the underlying pointer and returns that pointer. The <SAMP>*this</SAMP> object is left holding a null pointer.</P>
	</UL>


	<A NAME="idx32"></A><PRE>void
	<B>reset</B>(X* p = 0) throw();</PRE>
	<UL>
	<P>Sets the underlying pointer to <SAMP>p</SAMP>. If non-null, deletes the old underlying pointer.</P>
	</UL>

	<A NAME="sec12"><H3>Example</H3></A>

	<UL><PRE>//
	// auto_ptr.cpp
	//

	#include <iostream> // for cout, endl
	#include <memory> // for auto_ptr



	// A simple structure.
	class X
	{
	int i_;

	public:

	X (int i) : i_ (i) {
	std::cout << "X::X (" << i_ << ')' << std::endl;
	}

	~X () {
	std::cout << "X::~X [" << i_ << ']' << std::endl;
	}

	int get () const { return i_; }
	};


	int main ()
	{
	// a implicitly initialized to 0 (the null pointer)
	std::auto_ptr<X> a;

	// Establish a scope.
	if (1) {
	// b will hold a pointer to an X.
	std::auto_ptr<X> b (new X (12345));

	// a will now be the owner of
	// the underlying pointer.
	a = b;
	}

	std::cout << "b destroyed" << std::endl;

	// Output the value contained by
	// the underlying pointer.
	#ifndef _RWSTD_NO_NONCLASS_ARROW_RETURN
	std::cout << a->get () << std::endl;
	#else
	std::cout << (*a).get () << std::endl;
	#endif

	// The pointer will be deleted when a is destroyed
	// on leaving scope.
	return 0;
	}

	Program Output:
	</PRE></UL>
	<P>X::X (12345)</P>
	<P>b destroyed</P>
	<P>12345</P>
	<P>X::~X [12345]</P>
	<A NAME="sec13"><H3>Standards Conformance</H3></A>
	<P><I>ISO/IEC 14882:1998 -- International Standard for Information Systems -- Programming Language C++, Section 20.4.5</I></P>

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