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<h1 class="title">Table-valued Functions (TVF)</h1>
<h3 id="description">Description</h3>
<p>A table-valued function (TVF) is a function that returns a relation or a set of rows. There are two types of TVFs in Spark SQL:</p>
<ol>
<li>a TVF that can be specified in a FROM clause, e.g. range;</li>
<li>a TVF that can be specified in SELECT/LATERAL VIEW clauses, e.g. explode.</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="supported-table-valued-functions">Supported Table-valued Functions</h3>
<h4 id="tvfs-that-can-be-specified-in-a-from-clause">TVFs that can be specified in a FROM clause:</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Function</th>
<th>Argument Type(s)</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>range</strong> ( <em>end</em> )</td>
<td>Long</td>
<td>Creates a table with a single <em>LongType</em> column named <em>id</em>, <br /> containing rows in a range from 0 to <em>end</em> (exclusive) with step value 1.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>range</strong> ( <em>start, end</em> )</td>
<td>Long, Long</td>
<td>Creates a table with a single <em>LongType</em> column named <em>id</em>, <br /> containing rows in a range from <em>start</em> to <em>end</em> (exclusive) with step value 1.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>range</strong> ( <em>start, end, step</em> )</td>
<td>Long, Long, Long</td>
<td>Creates a table with a single <em>LongType</em> column named <em>id</em>, <br /> containing rows in a range from <em>start</em> to <em>end</em> (exclusive) with <em>step</em> value.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>range</strong> ( <em>start, end, step, numPartitions</em> )</td>
<td>Long, Long, Long, Int</td>
<td>Creates a table with a single <em>LongType</em> column named <em>id</em>, <br /> containing rows in a range from <em>start</em> to <em>end</em> (exclusive) with <em>step</em> value, with partition number <em>numPartitions</em> specified.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4 id="tvfs-that-can-be-specified-in-selectlateral-view-clauses">TVFs that can be specified in SELECT/LATERAL VIEW clauses:</h4>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Function</th>
<th>Argument Type(s)</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>explode</strong> ( <em>expr</em> )</td>
<td>Array/Map</td>
<td>Separates the elements of array <em>expr</em> into multiple rows, or the elements of map <em>expr</em> into multiple rows and columns. Unless specified otherwise, uses the default column name col for elements of the array or key and value for the elements of the map.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>explode_outer</strong> <br /> ( <em>expr</em> )</td>
<td>Array/Map</td>
<td>Separates the elements of array <em>expr</em> into multiple rows, or the elements of map <em>expr</em> into multiple rows and columns. Unless specified otherwise, uses the default column name col for elements of the array or key and value for the elements of the map.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>inline</strong> ( <em>expr</em> )</td>
<td>Expression</td>
<td>Explodes an array of structs into a table. Uses column names col1, col2, etc. by default unless specified otherwise.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>inline_outer</strong> <br /> ( <em>expr</em> )</td>
<td>Expression</td>
<td>Explodes an array of structs into a table. Uses column names col1, col2, etc. by default unless specified otherwise.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>posexplode</strong> <br /> ( <em>expr</em> )</td>
<td>Array/Map</td>
<td>Separates the elements of array <em>expr</em> into multiple rows with positions, or the elements of map <em>expr</em> into multiple rows and columns with positions. Unless specified otherwise, uses the column name pos for position, col for elements of the array or key and value for elements of the map.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>posexplode_outer</strong> ( <em>expr</em> )</td>
<td>Array/Map</td>
<td>Separates the elements of array <em>expr</em> into multiple rows with positions, or the elements of map <em>expr</em> into multiple rows and columns with positions. Unless specified otherwise, uses the column name pos for position, col for elements of the array or key and value for elements of the map.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>stack</strong> ( <em>n, expr1, &#8230;, exprk</em> )</td>
<td>Seq[Expression]</td>
<td>Separates <em>expr1, &#8230;, exprk</em> into n rows. Uses column names col0, col1, etc. by default unless specified otherwise.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>json_tuple</strong> <br /> ( <em>jsonStr, p1, p2, &#8230;, pn</em> )</td>
<td>Seq[Expression]</td>
<td>Returns a tuple like the function <em>get_json_object</em>, but it takes multiple names. All the input parameters and output column types are string.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>parse_url</strong> <br /> ( <em>url, partToExtract[, key]</em> )</td>
<td>Seq[Expression]</td>
<td>Extracts a part from a URL.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
<div class="language-sql highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">-- range call with end</span>
<span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">6</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">cos</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">---+</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">id</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">---+</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">---+</span>
<span class="c1">-- range call with start and end</span>
<span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">---+</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">id</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">---+</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">6</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">7</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">9</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">---+</span>
<span class="c1">-- range call with numPartitions</span>
<span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">---+</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">id</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">---+</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">6</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">---+</span>
<span class="c1">-- range call with a table alias</span>
<span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">test</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">---+</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">id</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">---+</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">6</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">7</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">---+</span>
<span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">explode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">---+</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">---+</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">---+</span>
<span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">inline</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">struct</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">struct</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'b'</span><span class="p">)));</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">----+----+</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">col1</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">col2</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">----+----+</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">----+----+</span>
<span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">posexplode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">---+---+</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">pos</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">col</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">---+---+</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">20</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">---+---+</span>
<span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">stack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">----+----+</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">col0</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">col1</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">----+----+</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">----+----+</span>
<span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">json_tuple</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'{"a":1, "b":2}'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'a'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'b'</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">---+---+</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">c0</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">c1</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">---+---+</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">---+---+</span>
<span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="n">parse_url</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'http://spark.apache.org/path?query=1'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'HOST'</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">-----------------------------------------------------+</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">parse_url</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">http</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">spark</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">apache</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">org</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">?</span><span class="n">query</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">HOST</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">-----------------------------------------------------+</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">spark</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">apache</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">org</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">-----------------------------------------------------+</span>
<span class="c1">-- Use explode in a LATERAL VIEW clause</span>
<span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">test</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c1</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">INSERT</span> <span class="k">INTO</span> <span class="n">test</span> <span class="k">VALUES</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">INSERT</span> <span class="k">INTO</span> <span class="n">test</span> <span class="k">VALUES</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">test</span> <span class="k">LATERAL</span> <span class="k">VIEW</span> <span class="n">explode</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ARRAY</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">c2</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">--+--+</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">c1</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">c2</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">--+--+</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">--+--+</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="related-statements">Related Statements</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select.html">SELECT</a></li>
<li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-lateral-view.html">LATERAL VIEW Clause</a></li>
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