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| <h1 class="title">SQL Syntax</h1> |
| |
| |
| <p>Spark SQL is Apache Spark’s module for working with structured data. The SQL Syntax section describes the SQL syntax in detail along with usage examples when applicable. This document provides a list of Data Definition and Data Manipulation Statements, as well as Data Retrieval and Auxiliary Statements.</p> |
| |
| <h3 id="ddl-statements">DDL Statements</h3> |
| |
| <p>Data Definition Statements are used to create or modify the structure of database objects in a database. Spark SQL supports the following Data Definition Statements:</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-ddl-alter-database.html">ALTER DATABASE</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-ddl-alter-table.html">ALTER TABLE</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-ddl-alter-view.html">ALTER VIEW</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-ddl-create-database.html">CREATE DATABASE</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-ddl-create-function.html">CREATE FUNCTION</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-ddl-create-table.html">CREATE TABLE</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-ddl-create-view.html">CREATE VIEW</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-ddl-drop-database.html">DROP DATABASE</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-ddl-drop-function.html">DROP FUNCTION</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-ddl-drop-table.html">DROP TABLE</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-ddl-drop-view.html">DROP VIEW</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-ddl-repair-table.html">REPAIR TABLE</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-ddl-truncate-table.html">TRUNCATE TABLE</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-ddl-usedb.html">USE DATABASE</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h3 id="dml-statements">DML Statements</h3> |
| |
| <p>Data Manipulation Statements are used to add, change, or delete data. Spark SQL supports the following Data Manipulation Statements:</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-dml-insert-table.html">INSERT TABLE</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-dml-insert-overwrite-directory.html">INSERT OVERWRITE DIRECTORY</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-dml-load.html">LOAD</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h3 id="data-retrieval-statements">Data Retrieval Statements</h3> |
| |
| <p>Spark supports <code>SELECT</code> statement that is used to retrieve rows |
| from one or more tables according to the specified clauses. The full syntax |
| and brief description of supported clauses are explained in |
| <a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select.html">SELECT</a> section. The SQL statements related |
| to SELECT are also included in this section. Spark also provides the |
| ability to generate logical and physical plan for a given query using |
| <a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-explain.html">EXPLAIN</a> statement.</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select.html">SELECT Statement</a> |
| <ul> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-cte.html">Common Table Expression</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-clusterby.html">CLUSTER BY Clause</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-distribute-by.html">DISTRIBUTE BY Clause</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-groupby.html">GROUP BY Clause</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-having.html">HAVING Clause</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-hints.html">Hints</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-inline-table.html">Inline Table</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-file.html">File</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-join.html">JOIN</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-like.html">LIKE Predicate</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-limit.html">LIMIT Clause</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-offset.html">OFFSET Clause</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-orderby.html">ORDER BY Clause</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-setops.html">Set Operators</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-sortby.html">SORT BY Clause</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-sampling.html">TABLESAMPLE</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-tvf.html">Table-valued Function</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-where.html">WHERE Clause</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-aggregate.html">Aggregate Function</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-window.html">Window Function</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-case.html">CASE Clause</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-pivot.html">PIVOT Clause</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-unpivot.html">UNPIVOT Clause</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-lateral-view.html">LATERAL VIEW Clause</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-lateral-subquery.html">LATERAL SUBQUERY</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-transform.html">TRANSFORM Clause</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-explain.html">EXPLAIN</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h3 id="auxiliary-statements">Auxiliary Statements</h3> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-aux-resource-mgmt-add-file.html">ADD FILE</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-aux-resource-mgmt-add-jar.html">ADD JAR</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-aux-analyze-table.html">ANALYZE TABLE</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-aux-cache-cache-table.html">CACHE TABLE</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-aux-cache-clear-cache.html">CLEAR CACHE</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-aux-describe-database.html">DESCRIBE DATABASE</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-aux-describe-function.html">DESCRIBE FUNCTION</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-aux-describe-query.html">DESCRIBE QUERY</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-aux-describe-table.html">DESCRIBE TABLE</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-aux-resource-mgmt-list-file.html">LIST FILE</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-aux-resource-mgmt-list-jar.html">LIST JAR</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-aux-cache-refresh.html">REFRESH</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-aux-cache-refresh-table.html">REFRESH TABLE</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-aux-show-columns.html">SHOW COLUMNS</a></li> |
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| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-aux-show-partitions.html">SHOW PARTITIONS</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-aux-show-table.html">SHOW TABLE EXTENDED</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-aux-show-tables.html">SHOW TABLES</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-aux-show-tblproperties.html">SHOW TBLPROPERTIES</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-aux-show-views.html">SHOW VIEWS</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-aux-cache-uncache-table.html">UNCACHE TABLE</a></li> |
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