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| <h1 class="title">CREATE DATASOURCE TABLE</h1> |
| |
| |
| <h3 id="description">Description</h3> |
| |
| <p>The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">CREATE TABLE</code> statement defines a new table using a Data Source.</p> |
| |
| <h3 id="syntax">Syntax</h3> |
| |
| <div class="language-sql highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">IF</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">EXISTS</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">table_identifier</span> |
| <span class="p">[</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">col_name1</span> <span class="n">col_type1</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">COMMENT</span> <span class="n">col_comment1</span> <span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">...</span> <span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">]</span> |
| <span class="k">USING</span> <span class="n">data_source</span> |
| <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">OPTIONS</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">key1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">val1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">key2</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">val2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">...</span> <span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">]</span> |
| <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">PARTITIONED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">col_name1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">col_name2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">...</span> <span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">]</span> |
| <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">CLUSTERED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">col_name3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">col_name4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">...</span> <span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">SORTED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">col_name</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">ASC</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">DESC</span> <span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">...</span> <span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">]</span> |
| <span class="k">INTO</span> <span class="n">num_buckets</span> <span class="n">BUCKETS</span> <span class="p">]</span> |
| <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">LOCATION</span> <span class="n">path</span> <span class="p">]</span> |
| <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">COMMENT</span> <span class="n">table_comment</span> <span class="p">]</span> |
| <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">TBLPROPERTIES</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">key1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">val1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">key2</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">val2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">...</span> <span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">]</span> |
| <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">select_statement</span> <span class="p">]</span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>Note that, the clauses between the USING clause and the AS SELECT clause can come in |
| as any order. For example, you can write COMMENT table_comment after TBLPROPERTIES.</p> |
| |
| <h3 id="parameters">Parameters</h3> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>table_identifier</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>Specifies a table name, which may be optionally qualified with a database name.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>Syntax:</strong> <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">[ database_name. ] table_name</code></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>USING data_source</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>Data Source is the input format used to create the table. Data source can be CSV, TXT, ORC, JDBC, PARQUET, etc.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>PARTITIONED BY</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>Partitions are created on the table, based on the columns specified.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>CLUSTERED BY</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>Partitions created on the table will be bucketed into fixed buckets based on the column specified for bucketing.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>NOTE:</strong> Bucketing is an optimization technique that uses buckets (and bucketing columns) to determine data partitioning and avoid data shuffle.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>SORTED BY</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>Specifies an ordering of bucket columns. Optionally, one can use ASC for an ascending order or DESC for a descending order after any column names in the SORTED BY clause. |
| If not specified, ASC is assumed by default.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>INTO num_buckets BUCKETS</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>Specifies buckets numbers, which is used in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">CLUSTERED BY</code> clause.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>LOCATION</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>Path to the directory where table data is stored, which could be a path on distributed storage like HDFS, etc.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>COMMENT</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>A string literal to describe the table.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>TBLPROPERTIES</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>A list of key-value pairs that is used to tag the table definition.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>AS select_statement</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>The table is populated using the data from the select statement.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h3 id="data-source-interaction">Data Source Interaction</h3> |
| |
| <p>A Data Source table acts like a pointer to the underlying data source. For example, you can create |
| a table “foo” in Spark which points to a table “bar” in MySQL using JDBC Data Source. When you |
| read/write table “foo”, you actually read/write table “bar”.</p> |
| |
| <p>In general CREATE TABLE is creating a “pointer”, and you need to make sure it points to something |
| existing. An exception is file source such as parquet, json. If you don’t specify the LOCATION, |
| Spark will create a default table location for you.</p> |
| |
| <p>For CREATE TABLE AS SELECT, Spark will overwrite the underlying data source with the data of the |
| input query, to make sure the table gets created contains exactly the same data as the input query.</p> |
| |
| <h3 id="examples">Examples</h3> |
| |
| <div class="language-sql highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> |
| <span class="c1">--Use data source</span> |
| <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">student</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="n">STRING</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">age</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">USING</span> <span class="n">CSV</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">--Use data from another table</span> |
| <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">student_copy</span> <span class="k">USING</span> <span class="n">CSV</span> |
| <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">student</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">--Omit the USING clause, which uses the default data source (parquet by default)</span> |
| <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">student</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="n">STRING</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">age</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">);</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">--Specify table comment and properties</span> |
| <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">student</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="n">STRING</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">age</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">USING</span> <span class="n">CSV</span> |
| <span class="k">COMMENT</span> <span class="s1">'this is a comment'</span> |
| <span class="n">TBLPROPERTIES</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'foo'</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'bar'</span><span class="p">);</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">--Specify table comment and properties with different clauses order</span> |
| <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">student</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="n">STRING</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">age</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">USING</span> <span class="n">CSV</span> |
| <span class="n">TBLPROPERTIES</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'foo'</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'bar'</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="k">COMMENT</span> <span class="s1">'this is a comment'</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">--Create partitioned and bucketed table</span> |
| <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">student</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="n">STRING</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">age</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="k">USING</span> <span class="n">CSV</span> |
| <span class="n">PARTITIONED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">age</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="n">CLUSTERED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">INTO</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="n">buckets</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">--Create partitioned and bucketed table through CTAS</span> |
| <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">student_partition_bucket</span> |
| <span class="k">USING</span> <span class="n">parquet</span> |
| <span class="n">PARTITIONED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">age</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="n">CLUSTERED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">INTO</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="n">buckets</span> |
| <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">student</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">--Create bucketed table through CTAS and CTE</span> |
| <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">student_bucket</span> |
| <span class="k">USING</span> <span class="n">parquet</span> |
| <span class="n">CLUSTERED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">INTO</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="n">buckets</span> <span class="p">(</span> |
| <span class="k">WITH</span> <span class="n">tmpTable</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="p">(</span> |
| <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">student</span> <span class="k">WHERE</span> <span class="n">id</span> <span class="o">></span> <span class="mi">100</span> |
| <span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">tmpTable</span> |
| <span class="p">);</span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h3 id="related-statements">Related Statements</h3> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-ddl-create-table-hiveformat.html">CREATE TABLE USING HIVE FORMAT</a></li> |
| <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-ddl-create-table-like.html">CREATE TABLE LIKE</a></li> |
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