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<h1 class="title">DESCRIBE TABLE</h1>
<h3 id="description">Description</h3>
<p><code>DESCRIBE TABLE</code> statement returns the basic metadata information of a
table. The metadata information includes column name, column type
and column comment. Optionally a partition spec or column name may be specified
to return the metadata pertaining to a partition or column respectively.</p>
<h3 id="syntax">Syntax</h3>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span></span><span class="err">{</span><span class="k">DESC</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">DESCRIBE</span><span class="err">}</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">TABLE</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">table_identifier</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">partition_spec</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="n">col_name</span><span class="p">]</span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="parameters">Parameters</h3>
<dl>
<dt><code><em>format</em></code></dt>
<dd>
Specifies the optional format of describe output. If `EXTENDED` is specified
then additional metadata information (such as parent database, owner, and access time)
is returned.
</dd>
<dt><code><em>table_identifier</em></code></dt>
<dd>
Specifies a table name, which may be optionally qualified with a database name.<br /><br />
<b>Syntax:</b>
<code>
[database_name.]table_name
</code>
</dd>
<dt><code><em>partition_spec</em></code></dt>
<dd>
An optional parameter that specifies a comma separated list of key and value pairs
for paritions. When specified, additional partition metadata is returned.<br /><br />
<b>Syntax:</b>
<code>
PARTITION (partition_col_name = partition_col_val [ , ... ])
</code>
</dd>
<dt><code><em>col_name</em></code></dt>
<dd>
An optional paramter that specifies the column name that needs to be described.
The supplied column name may be optionally qualified. Parameters `partition_spec`
and `col_name` are mutually exclusive and can not be specified together. Currently
nested columns are not allowed to be specified.<br /><br />
<b>Syntax:</b>
<code>
[database_name.][table_name.]column_name
</code>
</dd>
</dl>
<h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span></span><span class="c1">-- Creates a table `customer`. Assumes current database is `salesdb`.</span>
<span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">customer</span><span class="p">(</span>
<span class="n">cust_id</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="k">state</span> <span class="nb">VARCHAR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="n">name</span> <span class="n">STRING</span> <span class="k">COMMENT</span> <span class="s1">&#39;Short name&#39;</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">USING</span> <span class="n">parquet</span>
<span class="n">PARTITION</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="k">state</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">;</span>
<span class="c1">-- Returns basic metadata information for unqualified table `customer`</span>
<span class="k">DESCRIBE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">customer</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">-----------------------+---------+----------+</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">col_name</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">data_type</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="k">comment</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">-----------------------+---------+----------+</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">cust_id</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Short</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="k">state</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|#</span> <span class="n">Partition</span> <span class="n">Information</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|#</span> <span class="n">col_name</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">data_type</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="k">comment</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="k">state</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">-----------------------+---------+----------+</span>
<span class="c1">-- Returns basic metadata information for qualified table `customer`</span>
<span class="k">DESCRIBE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">salesdb</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">-----------------------+---------+----------+</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">col_name</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">data_type</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="k">comment</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">-----------------------+---------+----------+</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">cust_id</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Short</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="k">state</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|#</span> <span class="n">Partition</span> <span class="n">Information</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|#</span> <span class="n">col_name</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">data_type</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="k">comment</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="k">state</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">-----------------------+---------+----------+</span>
<span class="c1">-- Returns additional metadata such as parent database, owner, access time etc.</span>
<span class="k">DESCRIBE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">EXTENDED</span> <span class="n">customer</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">----------------------------+------------------------------+----------+</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">col_name</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">data_type</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="k">comment</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">----------------------------+------------------------------+----------+</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">cust_id</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Short</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="k">state</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|#</span> <span class="n">Partition</span> <span class="n">Information</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|#</span> <span class="n">col_name</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">data_type</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="k">comment</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="k">state</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|#</span> <span class="n">Detailed</span> <span class="k">Table</span> <span class="n">Information</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="k">Database</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">salesdb</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="k">Table</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">customer</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="k">Owner</span> <span class="o">|&lt;</span><span class="k">table</span> <span class="k">owner</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Created</span> <span class="n">Time</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Fri</span> <span class="n">Aug</span> <span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mi">09</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">26</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">04</span> <span class="n">PDT</span> <span class="mi">2019</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="k">Last</span> <span class="k">Access</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Wed</span> <span class="nb">Dec</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span class="n">PST</span> <span class="mi">1969</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Created</span> <span class="k">By</span> <span class="o">|&lt;</span><span class="n">spark</span> <span class="k">version</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="k">Type</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">MANAGED</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Provider</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">parquet</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="k">Location</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">file</span><span class="p">:...</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">salesdb</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">customer</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Serde</span> <span class="n">Library</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="n">serde</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ParquetHiveSerDe</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">InputFormat</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="n">MapredParquetInputFormat</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">OutputFormat</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="n">MapredParquetOutputFormat</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">----------------------------+------------------------------+----------+</span>
<span class="c1">-- Returns partition metadata such as partitioning column name, column type and comment.</span>
<span class="k">DESCRIBE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">customer</span> <span class="n">PARTITION</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="k">state</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">&#39;AR&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------+----------+</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">col_name</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">data_type</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="k">comment</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------+----------+</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">cust_id</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Short</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="k">state</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|#</span> <span class="n">Partition</span> <span class="n">Information</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|#</span> <span class="n">col_name</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">data_type</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="k">comment</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="k">state</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|#</span> <span class="n">Detailed</span> <span class="n">Partition</span> <span class="n">Information</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="k">Database</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">salesdb</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="k">Table</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">customer</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Partition</span> <span class="k">Values</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="k">state</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">AR</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="k">Location</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">file</span><span class="p">:...</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">salesdb</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="k">state</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">AR</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Serde</span> <span class="n">Library</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="n">serde</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ParquetHiveSerDe</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">InputFormat</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="n">parquet</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapredParquetInputFormat</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">OutputFormat</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="n">parquet</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MapredParquetOutputFormat</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="k">Storage</span> <span class="n">Properties</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">file</span><span class="p">:...</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">salesdb</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">db</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">serialization</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Partition</span> <span class="k">Parameters</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="err">{</span><span class="n">rawDataSize</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">numFiles</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">transient_lastDdlTime</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1567185245</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">totalSize</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">688</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">COLUMN_STATS_ACCURATE</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="k">false</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">numRows</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="err">}</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Created</span> <span class="n">Time</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Fri</span> <span class="n">Aug</span> <span class="mi">30</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">14</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">05</span> <span class="n">PDT</span> <span class="mi">2019</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="k">Last</span> <span class="k">Access</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Wed</span> <span class="nb">Dec</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">00</span> <span class="n">PST</span> <span class="mi">1969</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Partition</span> <span class="k">Statistics</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="mi">688</span> <span class="n">bytes</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">--------------------------------+-----------------------------------------+----------+</span>
<span class="c1">-- Returns the metadata for `name` column.</span>
<span class="c1">-- Optional `TABLE` clause is omitted and column is fully qualified.</span>
<span class="k">DESCRIBE</span> <span class="n">customer</span> <span class="n">salesdb</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">customer</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">---------+----------+</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">info_name</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">info_value</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">---------+----------+</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">col_name</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="n">data_type</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">string</span> <span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">|</span><span class="k">comment</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Short</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">|</span>
<span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">---------+----------+</span></code></pre></figure>
<h3 id="related-statements">Related Statements</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-aux-describe-database.html">DESCRIBE DATABASE</a></li>
<li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-aux-describe-query.html">DESCRIBE QUERY</a></li>
<li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-aux-describe-function.html">DESCRIBE FUNCTION</a></li>
</ul>
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