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                         <h1 class="title">Cluster Mode Overview</h1>


                     <p>This document gives a short overview of how Spark runs on clusters, to make it easier to understand
 the components involved. Read through the <a href="submitting-applications.html">application submission guide</a>
 to learn about launching applications on a cluster.</p>

 <h1 id="components">Components</h1>

 <p>Spark applications run as independent sets of processes on a cluster, coordinated by the <code>SparkContext</code>
 object in your main program (called the <em>driver program</em>).</p>

 <p>Specifically, to run on a cluster, the SparkContext can connect to several types of <em>cluster managers</em>
 (either Spark&#8217;s own standalone cluster manager, Mesos or YARN), which allocate resources across
 applications. Once connected, Spark acquires <em>executors</em> on nodes in the cluster, which are
 processes that run computations and store data for your application.
 Next, it sends your application code (defined by JAR or Python files passed to SparkContext) to
 the executors. Finally, SparkContext sends <em>tasks</em> to the executors to run.</p>

 <p style="text-align: center;">
   <img src="img/cluster-overview.png" title="Spark cluster components" alt="Spark cluster components" />
 </p>

 <p>There are several useful things to note about this architecture:</p>

 <ol>
   <li>Each application gets its own executor processes, which stay up for the duration of the whole
 application and run tasks in multiple threads. This has the benefit of isolating applications
 from each other, on both the scheduling side (each driver schedules its own tasks) and executor
 side (tasks from different applications run in different JVMs). However, it also means that
 data cannot be shared across different Spark applications (instances of SparkContext) without
 writing it to an external storage system.</li>
   <li>Spark is agnostic to the underlying cluster manager. As long as it can acquire executor
 processes, and these communicate with each other, it is relatively easy to run it even on a
 cluster manager that also supports other applications (e.g. Mesos/YARN).</li>
   <li>The driver program must listen for and accept incoming connections from its executors throughout
 its lifetime (e.g., see <a href="configuration.html#networking">spark.driver.port in the network config
 section</a>). As such, the driver program must be network
 addressable from the worker nodes.</li>
   <li>Because the driver schedules tasks on the cluster, it should be run close to the worker
 nodes, preferably on the same local area network. If you&#8217;d like to send requests to the
 cluster remotely, it&#8217;s better to open an RPC to the driver and have it submit operations
 from nearby than to run a driver far away from the worker nodes.</li>
 </ol>

 <h1 id="cluster-manager-types">Cluster Manager Types</h1>

 <p>The system currently supports three cluster managers:</p>

 <ul>
   <li><a href="spark-standalone.html">Standalone</a> &#8211; a simple cluster manager included with Spark that makes it
 easy to set up a cluster.</li>
   <li><a href="running-on-mesos.html">Apache Mesos</a> &#8211; a general cluster manager that can also run Hadoop MapReduce
 and service applications.</li>
   <li><a href="running-on-yarn.html">Hadoop YARN</a> &#8211; the resource manager in Hadoop 2.</li>
   <li><a href="https://github.com/apache-spark-on-k8s/spark">Kubernetes (experimental)</a> &#8211; In addition to the above,
 there is experimental support for Kubernetes. Kubernetes is an open-source platform
 for providing container-centric infrastructure. Kubernetes support is being actively
 developed in an <a href="https://github.com/apache-spark-on-k8s/">apache-spark-on-k8s</a> Github organization.
 For documentation, refer to that project&#8217;s README.</li>
 </ul>

 <h1 id="submitting-applications">Submitting Applications</h1>

 <p>Applications can be submitted to a cluster of any type using the <code>spark-submit</code> script.
 The <a href="submitting-applications.html">application submission guide</a> describes how to do this.</p>

 <h1 id="monitoring">Monitoring</h1>

 <p>Each driver program has a web UI, typically on port 4040, that displays information about running
 tasks, executors, and storage usage. Simply go to <code>http://&lt;driver-node&gt;:4040</code> in a web browser to
 access this UI. The <a href="monitoring.html">monitoring guide</a> also describes other monitoring options.</p>

 <h1 id="job-scheduling">Job Scheduling</h1>

 <p>Spark gives control over resource allocation both <em>across</em> applications (at the level of the cluster
 manager) and <em>within</em> applications (if multiple computations are happening on the same SparkContext).
 The <a href="job-scheduling.html">job scheduling overview</a> describes this in more detail.</p>

 <h1 id="glossary">Glossary</h1>

 <p>The following table summarizes terms you&#8217;ll see used to refer to cluster concepts:</p>

 <table class="table">
   <thead>
     <tr><th style="width: 130px;">Term</th><th>Meaning</th></tr>
   </thead>
   <tbody>
     <tr>
       <td>Application</td>
       <td>User program built on Spark. Consists of a <em>driver program</em> and <em>executors</em> on the cluster.</td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
       <td>Application jar</td>
       <td>
         A jar containing the user's Spark application. In some cases users will want to create
         an "uber jar" containing their application along with its dependencies. The user's jar
         should never include Hadoop or Spark libraries, however, these will be added at runtime.
       </td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
       <td>Driver program</td>
       <td>The process running the main() function of the application and creating the SparkContext</td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
       <td>Cluster manager</td>
       <td>An external service for acquiring resources on the cluster (e.g. standalone manager, Mesos, YARN)</td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
       <td>Deploy mode</td>
       <td>Distinguishes where the driver process runs. In "cluster" mode, the framework launches
         the driver inside of the cluster. In "client" mode, the submitter launches the driver
         outside of the cluster.</td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
       <td>Worker node</td>
       <td>Any node that can run application code in the cluster</td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
       <td>Executor</td>
       <td>A process launched for an application on a worker node, that runs tasks and keeps data in memory
         or disk storage across them. Each application has its own executors.</td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
       <td>Task</td>
       <td>A unit of work that will be sent to one executor</td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
       <td>Job</td>
       <td>A parallel computation consisting of multiple tasks that gets spawned in response to a Spark action
         (e.g. <code>save</code>, <code>collect</code>); you'll see this term used in the driver's logs.</td>
     </tr>
     <tr>
       <td>Stage</td>
       <td>Each job gets divided into smaller sets of tasks called <em>stages</em> that depend on each other
         (similar to the map and reduce stages in MapReduce); you'll see this term used in the driver's logs.</td>
     </tr>
   </tbody>
 </table>


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	<div class="content" id="content">

	<h1 class="title">Cluster Mode Overview</h1>


	<p>This document gives a short overview of how Spark runs on clusters, to make it easier to understand
	the components involved. Read through the <a href="submitting-applications.html">application submission guide</a>
	to learn about launching applications on a cluster.</p>

	<h1 id="components">Components</h1>

	<p>Spark applications run as independent sets of processes on a cluster, coordinated by the <code>SparkContext</code>
	object in your main program (called the <em>driver program</em>).</p>

	<p>Specifically, to run on a cluster, the SparkContext can connect to several types of <em>cluster managers</em>
	(either Spark’s own standalone cluster manager, Mesos or YARN), which allocate resources across
	applications. Once connected, Spark acquires <em>executors</em> on nodes in the cluster, which are
	processes that run computations and store data for your application.
	Next, it sends your application code (defined by JAR or Python files passed to SparkContext) to
	the executors. Finally, SparkContext sends <em>tasks</em> to the executors to run.</p>

	<p style="text-align: center;">
	<img src="img/cluster-overview.png" title="Spark cluster components" alt="Spark cluster components" />
	</p>

	<p>There are several useful things to note about this architecture:</p>

	<ol>
	<li>Each application gets its own executor processes, which stay up for the duration of the whole
	application and run tasks in multiple threads. This has the benefit of isolating applications
	from each other, on both the scheduling side (each driver schedules its own tasks) and executor
	side (tasks from different applications run in different JVMs). However, it also means that
	data cannot be shared across different Spark applications (instances of SparkContext) without
	writing it to an external storage system.</li>
	<li>Spark is agnostic to the underlying cluster manager. As long as it can acquire executor
	processes, and these communicate with each other, it is relatively easy to run it even on a
	cluster manager that also supports other applications (e.g. Mesos/YARN).</li>
	<li>The driver program must listen for and accept incoming connections from its executors throughout
	its lifetime (e.g., see <a href="configuration.html#networking">spark.driver.port in the network config
	section</a>). As such, the driver program must be network
	addressable from the worker nodes.</li>
	<li>Because the driver schedules tasks on the cluster, it should be run close to the worker
	nodes, preferably on the same local area network. If you’d like to send requests to the
	cluster remotely, it’s better to open an RPC to the driver and have it submit operations
	from nearby than to run a driver far away from the worker nodes.</li>
	</ol>

	<h1 id="cluster-manager-types">Cluster Manager Types</h1>

	<p>The system currently supports three cluster managers:</p>

	<ul>
	<li><a href="spark-standalone.html">Standalone</a> – a simple cluster manager included with Spark that makes it
	easy to set up a cluster.</li>
	<li><a href="running-on-mesos.html">Apache Mesos</a> – a general cluster manager that can also run Hadoop MapReduce
	and service applications.</li>
	<li><a href="running-on-yarn.html">Hadoop YARN</a> – the resource manager in Hadoop 2.</li>
	<li><a href="https://github.com/apache-spark-on-k8s/spark">Kubernetes (experimental)</a> – In addition to the above,
	there is experimental support for Kubernetes. Kubernetes is an open-source platform
	for providing container-centric infrastructure. Kubernetes support is being actively
	developed in an <a href="https://github.com/apache-spark-on-k8s/">apache-spark-on-k8s</a> Github organization.
	For documentation, refer to that project’s README.</li>
	</ul>

	<h1 id="submitting-applications">Submitting Applications</h1>

	<p>Applications can be submitted to a cluster of any type using the <code>spark-submit</code> script.
	The <a href="submitting-applications.html">application submission guide</a> describes how to do this.</p>

	<h1 id="monitoring">Monitoring</h1>

	<p>Each driver program has a web UI, typically on port 4040, that displays information about running
	tasks, executors, and storage usage. Simply go to <code>http://<driver-node>:4040</code> in a web browser to
	access this UI. The <a href="monitoring.html">monitoring guide</a> also describes other monitoring options.</p>

	<h1 id="job-scheduling">Job Scheduling</h1>

	<p>Spark gives control over resource allocation both <em>across</em> applications (at the level of the cluster
	manager) and <em>within</em> applications (if multiple computations are happening on the same SparkContext).
	The <a href="job-scheduling.html">job scheduling overview</a> describes this in more detail.</p>

	<h1 id="glossary">Glossary</h1>

	<p>The following table summarizes terms you’ll see used to refer to cluster concepts:</p>

	<table class="table">
	<thead>
	<tr><th style="width: 130px;">Term</th><th>Meaning</th></tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
	<tr>
	<td>Application</td>
	<td>User program built on Spark. Consists of a <em>driver program</em> and <em>executors</em> on the cluster.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>Application jar</td>
	<td>
	A jar containing the user's Spark application. In some cases users will want to create
	an "uber jar" containing their application along with its dependencies. The user's jar
	should never include Hadoop or Spark libraries, however, these will be added at runtime.
	</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>Driver program</td>
	<td>The process running the main() function of the application and creating the SparkContext</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>Cluster manager</td>
	<td>An external service for acquiring resources on the cluster (e.g. standalone manager, Mesos, YARN)</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>Deploy mode</td>
	<td>Distinguishes where the driver process runs. In "cluster" mode, the framework launches
	the driver inside of the cluster. In "client" mode, the submitter launches the driver
	outside of the cluster.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>Worker node</td>
	<td>Any node that can run application code in the cluster</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>Executor</td>
	<td>A process launched for an application on a worker node, that runs tasks and keeps data in memory
	or disk storage across them. Each application has its own executors.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>Task</td>
	<td>A unit of work that will be sent to one executor</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>Job</td>
	<td>A parallel computation consisting of multiple tasks that gets spawned in response to a Spark action
	(e.g. <code>save</code>, <code>collect</code>); you'll see this term used in the driver's logs.</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td>Stage</td>
	<td>Each job gets divided into smaller sets of tasks called <em>stages</em> that depend on each other
	(similar to the map and reduce stages in MapReduce); you'll see this term used in the driver's logs.</td>
	</tr>
	</tbody>
	</table>


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