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                         <h1 class="title">SORT BY Clause</h1>


                     <h3 id="description">Description</h3>

 <p>The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">SORT BY</code> clause is used to return the result rows sorted
 within each partition in the user specified order. When there is more than one partition
 <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">SORT BY</code> may return result that is partially ordered. This is different
 than <a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-orderby.html">ORDER BY</a> clause which guarantees a
 total order of the output.</p>

 <h3 id="syntax">Syntax</h3>

 <div class="language-sql highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="n">SORT</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="err">{</span> <span class="n">expression</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">sort_direction</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">nulls_sort_order</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">...</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="err">}</span>
 </code></pre></div></div>

 <h3 id="parameters">Parameters</h3>

 <ul>
   <li>
     <p><strong>SORT BY</strong></p>

     <p>Specifies a comma-separated list of expressions along with optional parameters <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sort_direction</code>
   and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">nulls_sort_order</code> which are used to sort the rows within each partition.</p>
   </li>
   <li>
     <p><strong>sort_direction</strong></p>

     <p>Optionally specifies whether to sort the rows in ascending or descending
   order. The valid values for the sort direction are <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ASC</code> for ascending
   and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">DESC</code> for descending. If sort direction is not explicitly specified, then by default
   rows are sorted ascending.</p>

     <p><strong>Syntax:</strong> <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">[ ASC | DESC ]</code></p>
   </li>
   <li>
     <p><strong>nulls_sort_order</strong></p>

     <p>Optionally specifies whether NULL values are returned before/after non-NULL values. If
   <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">null_sort_order</code> is not specified, then NULLs sort first if sort order is
   <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ASC</code> and NULLS sort last if sort order is <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">DESC</code>.</p>

     <ol>
       <li>If <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">NULLS FIRST</code> is specified, then NULL values are returned first
 regardless of the sort order.</li>
       <li>If <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">NULLS LAST</code> is specified, then NULL values are returned last regardless of
 the sort order.</li>
     </ol>

     <p><strong>Syntax:</strong> <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">[ NULLS { FIRST | LAST } ]</code></p>
   </li>
 </ul>

 <h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>

 <div class="language-sql highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">person</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">zip_code</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="n">STRING</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">age</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">);</span>
 <span class="k">INSERT</span> <span class="k">INTO</span> <span class="n">person</span> <span class="k">VALUES</span>
     <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">94588</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Zen Hui'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">),</span>
     <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">94588</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Dan Li'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">18</span><span class="p">),</span>
     <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">94588</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Anil K'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">27</span><span class="p">),</span>
     <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">94588</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'John V'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">),</span>
     <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">94511</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'David K'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">42</span><span class="p">),</span>
     <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">94511</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Aryan B.'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">18</span><span class="p">),</span>
     <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">94511</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Lalit B.'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span>

 <span class="c1">-- Use `REPARTITION` hint to partition the data by `zip_code` to</span>
 <span class="c1">-- examine the `SORT BY` behavior. This is used in rest of the</span>
 <span class="c1">-- examples.</span>

 <span class="c1">-- Sort rows by `name` within each partition in ascending manner</span>
 <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="cm">/*+ REPARTITION(zip_code) */</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">age</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zip_code</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">person</span> <span class="n">SORT</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">--------+----+--------+</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>    <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">age</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">zip_code</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">--------+----+--------+</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>  <span class="n">Anil</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">27</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94588</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>  <span class="n">Dan</span> <span class="n">Li</span><span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">18</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94588</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>  <span class="n">John</span> <span class="n">V</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94588</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Zen</span> <span class="n">Hui</span><span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">50</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94588</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Aryan</span> <span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">18</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94511</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">David</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">42</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94511</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Lalit</span> <span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94511</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">--------+----+--------+</span>

 <span class="c1">-- Sort rows within each partition using column position.</span>
 <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="cm">/*+ REPARTITION(zip_code) */</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">age</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zip_code</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">person</span> <span class="n">SORT</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">--------+----+--------+</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>    <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">age</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">zip_code</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">--------+----+--------+</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>  <span class="n">Anil</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">27</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94588</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>  <span class="n">Dan</span> <span class="n">Li</span><span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">18</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94588</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>  <span class="n">John</span> <span class="n">V</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94588</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Zen</span> <span class="n">Hui</span><span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">50</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94588</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Aryan</span> <span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">18</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94511</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">David</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">42</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94511</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Lalit</span> <span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94511</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">--------+----+--------+</span>

 <span class="c1">-- Sort rows within partition in ascending manner keeping null values to be last.</span>
 <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="cm">/*+ REPARTITION(zip_code) */</span> <span class="n">age</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zip_code</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">person</span> <span class="n">SORT</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="n">age</span> <span class="n">NULLS</span> <span class="k">LAST</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">----+--------+--------+</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">age</span><span class="o">|</span>    <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">zip_code</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">----+--------+--------+</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">18</span><span class="o">|</span>  <span class="n">Dan</span> <span class="n">Li</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94588</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">27</span><span class="o">|</span>  <span class="n">Anil</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94588</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">50</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Zen</span> <span class="n">Hui</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94588</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span><span class="o">|</span>  <span class="n">John</span> <span class="n">V</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94588</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">18</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Aryan</span> <span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94511</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">42</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">David</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94511</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Lalit</span> <span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94511</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">----+--------+--------+</span>

 <span class="c1">-- Sort rows by age within each partition in descending manner, which defaults to NULL LAST.</span>
 <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="cm">/*+ REPARTITION(zip_code) */</span> <span class="n">age</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zip_code</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">person</span> <span class="n">SORT</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="n">age</span> <span class="k">DESC</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">----+--------+--------+</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">age</span><span class="o">|</span>    <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">zip_code</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">----+--------+--------+</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">50</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Zen</span> <span class="n">Hui</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94588</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">27</span><span class="o">|</span>  <span class="n">Anil</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94588</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">18</span><span class="o">|</span>  <span class="n">Dan</span> <span class="n">Li</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94588</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span><span class="o">|</span>  <span class="n">John</span> <span class="n">V</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94588</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">42</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">David</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94511</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">18</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Aryan</span> <span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94511</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Lalit</span> <span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94511</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">----+--------+--------+</span>

 <span class="c1">-- Sort rows by age within each partition in descending manner keeping null values to be first.</span>
 <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="cm">/*+ REPARTITION(zip_code) */</span> <span class="n">age</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zip_code</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">person</span> <span class="n">SORT</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="n">age</span> <span class="k">DESC</span> <span class="n">NULLS</span> <span class="k">FIRST</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">----+--------+--------+</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">age</span><span class="o">|</span>    <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">zip_code</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">----+--------+--------+</span>
 <span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span><span class="o">|</span>  <span class="n">John</span> <span class="n">V</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94588</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">50</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Zen</span> <span class="n">Hui</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94588</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">27</span><span class="o">|</span>  <span class="n">Anil</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94588</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">18</span><span class="o">|</span>  <span class="n">Dan</span> <span class="n">Li</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94588</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Lalit</span> <span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94511</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">42</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">David</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94511</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">18</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Aryan</span> <span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94511</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">----+--------+--------+</span>

 <span class="c1">-- Sort rows within each partition based on more than one column with each column having</span>
 <span class="c1">-- different sort direction.</span>
 <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="cm">/*+ REPARTITION(zip_code) */</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">age</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">zip_code</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">person</span>
     <span class="n">SORT</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="k">ASC</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">age</span> <span class="k">DESC</span><span class="p">;</span>
 <span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">--------+----+--------+</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>    <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">age</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="n">zip_code</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">--------+----+--------+</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>  <span class="n">Anil</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">27</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94588</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>  <span class="n">Dan</span> <span class="n">Li</span><span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">18</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94588</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span>  <span class="n">John</span> <span class="n">V</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94588</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">Zen</span> <span class="n">Hui</span><span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">50</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94588</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Aryan</span> <span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">18</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94511</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">David</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="o">|</span>  <span class="mi">42</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94511</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">|</span><span class="n">Lalit</span> <span class="n">B</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="o">|</span><span class="k">null</span><span class="o">|</span>   <span class="mi">94511</span><span class="o">|</span>
 <span class="o">+</span><span class="c1">--------+----+--------+</span>
 </code></pre></div></div>

 <h3 id="related-statements">Related Statements</h3>

 <ul>
   <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select.html">SELECT Main</a></li>
   <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-where.html">WHERE Clause</a></li>
   <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-groupby.html">GROUP BY Clause</a></li>
   <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-having.html">HAVING Clause</a></li>
   <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-orderby.html">ORDER BY Clause</a></li>
   <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-clusterby.html">CLUSTER BY Clause</a></li>
   <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-distribute-by.html">DISTRIBUTE BY Clause</a></li>
   <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-limit.html">LIMIT Clause</a></li>
   <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-case.html">CASE Clause</a></li>
   <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-pivot.html">PIVOT Clause</a></li>
   <li><a href="sql-ref-syntax-qry-select-lateral-view.html">LATERAL VIEW Clause</a></li>
 </ul>


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