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| <h1 class="title">CREATE HIVEFORMAT TABLE</h1> |
| |
| |
| <h3 id="description">Description</h3> |
| |
| <p>The <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">CREATE TABLE</code> statement defines a new table using Hive format.</p> |
| |
| <h3 id="syntax">Syntax</h3> |
| |
| <div class="language-sql highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">EXTERNAL</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">IF</span> <span class="k">NOT</span> <span class="k">EXISTS</span> <span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">table_identifier</span> |
| <span class="p">[</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">col_name1</span><span class="p">[:]</span> <span class="n">col_type1</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">COMMENT</span> <span class="n">col_comment1</span> <span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">...</span> <span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">]</span> |
| <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">COMMENT</span> <span class="n">table_comment</span> <span class="p">]</span> |
| <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">PARTITIONED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">col_name2</span><span class="p">[:]</span> <span class="n">col_type2</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">COMMENT</span> <span class="n">col_comment2</span> <span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">...</span> <span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="o">|</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">col_name1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">col_name2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">...</span> <span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">]</span> |
| <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">CLUSTERED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">col_name1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">col_name2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">...)</span> |
| <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">SORTED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">col_name1</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">ASC</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">DESC</span> <span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">col_name2</span> <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">ASC</span> <span class="o">|</span> <span class="k">DESC</span> <span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">...</span> <span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">]</span> |
| <span class="k">INTO</span> <span class="n">num_buckets</span> <span class="n">BUCKETS</span> <span class="p">]</span> |
| <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">ROW</span> <span class="n">FORMAT</span> <span class="n">row_format</span> <span class="p">]</span> |
| <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">STORED</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">file_format</span> <span class="p">]</span> |
| <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">LOCATION</span> <span class="n">path</span> <span class="p">]</span> |
| <span class="p">[</span> <span class="n">TBLPROPERTIES</span> <span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">key1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">val1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">key2</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">val2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">...</span> <span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">]</span> |
| <span class="p">[</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">select_statement</span> <span class="p">]</span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>Note that, the clauses between the columns definition clause and the AS SELECT clause can come in |
| as any order. For example, you can write COMMENT table_comment after TBLPROPERTIES.</p> |
| |
| <h3 id="parameters">Parameters</h3> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>table_identifier</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>Specifies a table name, which may be optionally qualified with a database name.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>Syntax:</strong> <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">[ database_name. ] table_name</code></p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>EXTERNAL</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>Table is defined using the path provided as <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">LOCATION</code>, does not use default location for this table.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>PARTITIONED BY</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>Partitions are created on the table, based on the columns specified.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>CLUSTERED BY</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>Partitions created on the table will be bucketed into fixed buckets based on the column specified for bucketing.</p> |
| |
| <p><strong>NOTE:</strong> Bucketing is an optimization technique that uses buckets (and bucketing columns) to determine data partitioning and avoid data shuffle.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>SORTED BY</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>Specifies an ordering of bucket columns. Optionally, one can use ASC for an ascending order or DESC for a descending order after any column names in the SORTED BY clause. |
| If not specified, ASC is assumed by default.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>INTO num_buckets BUCKETS</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>Specifies buckets numbers, which is used in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">CLUSTERED BY</code> clause.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>row_format</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>Specifies the row format for input and output. See <a href="sql-ref-syntax-hive-format.html">HIVE FORMAT</a> for more syntax details.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>STORED AS</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>File format for table storage, could be TEXTFILE, ORC, PARQUET, etc.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>LOCATION</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>Path to the directory where table data is stored, which could be a path on distributed storage like HDFS, etc.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>COMMENT</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>A string literal to describe the table.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>TBLPROPERTIES</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>A list of key-value pairs that is used to tag the table definition.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p><strong>AS select_statement</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>The table is populated using the data from the select statement.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h3 id="examples">Examples</h3> |
| |
| <div class="language-sql highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">--Use hive format</span> |
| <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">student</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="n">STRING</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">age</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">STORED</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">ORC</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">--Use data from another table</span> |
| <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">student_copy</span> <span class="n">STORED</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">ORC</span> |
| <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span> <span class="n">student</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">--Specify table comment and properties</span> |
| <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">student</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="n">STRING</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">age</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="k">COMMENT</span> <span class="s1">'this is a comment'</span> |
| <span class="n">STORED</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">ORC</span> |
| <span class="n">TBLPROPERTIES</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'foo'</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'bar'</span><span class="p">);</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">--Specify table comment and properties with different clauses order</span> |
| <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">student</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="n">STRING</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">age</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="n">STORED</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">ORC</span> |
| <span class="n">TBLPROPERTIES</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'foo'</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'bar'</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="k">COMMENT</span> <span class="s1">'this is a comment'</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">--Create partitioned table</span> |
| <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">student</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="n">STRING</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="n">PARTITIONED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">age</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="n">STORED</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">ORC</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">--Create partitioned table with different clauses order</span> |
| <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">student</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="n">STRING</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="n">STORED</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">ORC</span> |
| <span class="n">PARTITIONED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">age</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">);</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">--Use Row Format and file format</span> |
| <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">student</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="n">STRING</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="k">ROW</span> <span class="n">FORMAT</span> <span class="n">DELIMITED</span> <span class="n">FIELDS</span> <span class="n">TERMINATED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="s1">','</span> |
| <span class="n">STORED</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">TEXTFILE</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">--Use complex datatype</span> |
| <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">EXTERNAL</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">family</span><span class="p">(</span> |
| <span class="n">name</span> <span class="n">STRING</span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">friends</span> <span class="n">ARRAY</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">STRING</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">children</span> <span class="k">MAP</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">STRING</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">,</span> |
| <span class="n">address</span> <span class="n">STRUCT</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">street</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">STRING</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">city</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">STRING</span><span class="o">></span> |
| <span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="k">ROW</span> <span class="n">FORMAT</span> <span class="n">DELIMITED</span> <span class="n">FIELDS</span> <span class="n">TERMINATED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="s1">','</span> <span class="n">ESCAPED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\\</span><span class="s1">'</span> |
| <span class="n">COLLECTION</span> <span class="n">ITEMS</span> <span class="n">TERMINATED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="s1">'_'</span> |
| <span class="k">MAP</span> <span class="n">KEYS</span> <span class="n">TERMINATED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="s1">':'</span> |
| <span class="n">LINES</span> <span class="n">TERMINATED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">'</span> |
| <span class="k">NULL</span> <span class="k">DEFINED</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="s1">'foonull'</span> |
| <span class="n">STORED</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">TEXTFILE</span> |
| <span class="k">LOCATION</span> <span class="s1">'/tmp/family/'</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">--Use predefined custom SerDe</span> |
| <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">avroExample</span> |
| <span class="k">ROW</span> <span class="n">FORMAT</span> <span class="n">SERDE</span> <span class="s1">'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.avro.AvroSerDe'</span> |
| <span class="n">STORED</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">INPUTFORMAT</span> <span class="s1">'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.avro.AvroContainerInputFormat'</span> |
| <span class="n">OUTPUTFORMAT</span> <span class="s1">'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.avro.AvroContainerOutputFormat'</span> |
| <span class="n">TBLPROPERTIES</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'avro.schema.literal'</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'{ "namespace": "org.apache.hive", |
| "name": "first_schema", |
| "type": "record", |
| "fields": [ |
| { "name":"string1", "type":"string" }, |
| { "name":"string2", "type":"string" } |
| ] }'</span><span class="p">);</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">--Use personalized custom SerDe(we may need to `ADD JAR xxx.jar` first to ensure we can find the serde_class,</span> |
| <span class="c1">--or you may run into `CLASSNOTFOUND` exception)</span> |
| <span class="k">ADD</span> <span class="n">JAR</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">hive_serde_example</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">jar</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">EXTERNAL</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">family</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">id</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span> <span class="n">STRING</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="k">ROW</span> <span class="n">FORMAT</span> <span class="n">SERDE</span> <span class="s1">'com.ly.spark.serde.SerDeExample'</span> |
| <span class="n">STORED</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">INPUTFORMAT</span> <span class="s1">'com.ly.spark.example.serde.io.SerDeExampleInputFormat'</span> |
| <span class="n">OUTPUTFORMAT</span> <span class="s1">'com.ly.spark.example.serde.io.SerDeExampleOutputFormat'</span> |
| <span class="k">LOCATION</span> <span class="s1">'/tmp/family/'</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">--Use `CLUSTERED BY` clause to create bucket table without `SORTED BY`</span> |
| <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">clustered_by_test1</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ID</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">AGE</span> <span class="n">STRING</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="n">CLUSTERED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ID</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="k">INTO</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="n">BUCKETS</span> |
| <span class="n">STORED</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">ORC</span> |
| |
| <span class="c1">--Use `CLUSTERED BY` clause to create bucket table with `SORTED BY`</span> |
| <span class="k">CREATE</span> <span class="k">TABLE</span> <span class="n">clustered_by_test2</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ID</span> <span class="nb">INT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">NAME</span> <span class="n">STRING</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="n">PARTITIONED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">YEAR</span> <span class="n">STRING</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="n">CLUSTERED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ID</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">NAME</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="n">SORTED</span> <span class="k">BY</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ID</span> <span class="k">ASC</span><span class="p">)</span> |
| <span class="k">INTO</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="n">BUCKETS</span> |
| <span class="n">STORED</span> <span class="k">AS</span> <span class="n">PARQUET</span> |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h3 id="related-statements">Related Statements</h3> |
| |
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