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| <h1 class="title">Machine Learning Library (MLlib) Guide</h1> |
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| |
| <p>MLlib is Spark’s machine learning (ML) library. |
| Its goal is to make practical machine learning scalable and easy. |
| At a high level, it provides tools such as:</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>ML Algorithms: common learning algorithms such as classification, regression, clustering, and collaborative filtering</li> |
| <li>Featurization: feature extraction, transformation, dimensionality reduction, and selection</li> |
| <li>Pipelines: tools for constructing, evaluating, and tuning ML Pipelines</li> |
| <li>Persistence: saving and load algorithms, models, and Pipelines</li> |
| <li>Utilities: linear algebra, statistics, data handling, etc.</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h1 id="announcement-dataframe-based-api-is-primary-api">Announcement: DataFrame-based API is primary API</h1> |
| |
| <p><strong>The MLlib RDD-based API is now in maintenance mode.</strong></p> |
| |
| <p>As of Spark 2.0, the <a href="rdd-programming-guide.html#resilient-distributed-datasets-rdds">RDD</a>-based APIs in the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">spark.mllib</code> package have entered maintenance mode. |
| The primary Machine Learning API for Spark is now the <a href="sql-programming-guide.html">DataFrame</a>-based API in the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">spark.ml</code> package.</p> |
| |
| <p><em>What are the implications?</em></p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>MLlib will still support the RDD-based API in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">spark.mllib</code> with bug fixes.</li> |
| <li>MLlib will not add new features to the RDD-based API.</li> |
| <li>In the Spark 2.x releases, MLlib will add features to the DataFrames-based API to reach feature parity with the RDD-based API.</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p><em>Why is MLlib switching to the DataFrame-based API?</em></p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>DataFrames provide a more user-friendly API than RDDs. The many benefits of DataFrames include Spark Datasources, SQL/DataFrame queries, Tungsten and Catalyst optimizations, and uniform APIs across languages.</li> |
| <li>The DataFrame-based API for MLlib provides a uniform API across ML algorithms and across multiple languages.</li> |
| <li>DataFrames facilitate practical ML Pipelines, particularly feature transformations. See the <a href="ml-pipeline.html">Pipelines guide</a> for details.</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p><em>What is “Spark ML”?</em></p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>“Spark ML” is not an official name but occasionally used to refer to the MLlib DataFrame-based API. |
| This is majorly due to the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">org.apache.spark.ml</code> Scala package name used by the DataFrame-based API, |
| and the “Spark ML Pipelines” term we used initially to emphasize the pipeline concept.</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p><em>Is MLlib deprecated?</em></p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>No. MLlib includes both the RDD-based API and the DataFrame-based API. |
| The RDD-based API is now in maintenance mode. |
| But neither API is deprecated, nor MLlib as a whole.</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h1 id="dependencies">Dependencies</h1> |
| |
| <p>MLlib uses linear algebra packages <a href="http://www.scalanlp.org/">Breeze</a>, <a href="https://github.com/luhenry/netlib">dev.ludovic.netlib</a>, and <a href="https://github.com/fommil/netlib-java">netlib-java</a> for optimised numerical processing<sup id="fnref:1" role="doc-noteref"><a href="#fn:1" class="footnote">1</a></sup>. Those packages may call native acceleration libraries such as <a href="https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/tools/math-kernel-library.html">Intel MKL</a> or <a href="http://www.openblas.net">OpenBLAS</a> if they are available as system libraries or in runtime library paths.</p> |
| |
| <p>However, native acceleration libraries can’t be distributed with Spark. See <a href="ml-linalg-guide.html">MLlib Linear Algebra Acceleration Guide</a> for how to enable accelerated linear algebra processing. If accelerated native libraries are not enabled, you will see a warning message like below and a pure JVM implementation will be used instead:</p> |
| <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>WARN BLAS: Failed to load implementation from:dev.ludovic.netlib.blas.JNIBLAS |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>To use MLlib in Python, you will need <a href="http://www.numpy.org">NumPy</a> version 1.4 or newer.</p> |
| |
| <h1 id="highlights-in-30">Highlights in 3.0</h1> |
| |
| <p>The list below highlights some of the new features and enhancements added to MLlib in the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">3.0</code> |
| release of Spark:</p> |
| |
| <ul> |
| <li>Multiple columns support was added to <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Binarizer</code> (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-23578">SPARK-23578</a>), <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">StringIndexer</code> (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-11215">SPARK-11215</a>), <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">StopWordsRemover</code> (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-29808">SPARK-29808</a>) and PySpark <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">QuantileDiscretizer</code> (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-22796">SPARK-22796</a>).</li> |
| <li>Tree-Based Feature Transformation was added |
| (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-13677">SPARK-13677</a>).</li> |
| <li>Two new evaluators <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">MultilabelClassificationEvaluator</code> (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-16692">SPARK-16692</a>) and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RankingEvaluator</code> (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-28045">SPARK-28045</a>) were added.</li> |
| <li>Sample weights support was added in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">DecisionTreeClassifier/Regressor</code> (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-19591">SPARK-19591</a>), <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RandomForestClassifier/Regressor</code> (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-9478">SPARK-9478</a>), <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">GBTClassifier/Regressor</code> (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-9612">SPARK-9612</a>), <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">MulticlassClassificationEvaluator</code> (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-24101">SPARK-24101</a>), <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RegressionEvaluator</code> (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-24102">SPARK-24102</a>), <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">BinaryClassificationEvaluator</code> (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-24103">SPARK-24103</a>), <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">BisectingKMeans</code> (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-30351">SPARK-30351</a>), <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">KMeans</code> (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-29967">SPARK-29967</a>) and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">GaussianMixture</code> (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-30102">SPARK-30102</a>).</li> |
| <li>R API for <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">PowerIterationClustering</code> was added |
| (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-19827">SPARK-19827</a>).</li> |
| <li>Added Spark ML listener for tracking ML pipeline status |
| (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-23674">SPARK-23674</a>).</li> |
| <li>Fit with validation set was added to Gradient Boosted Trees in Python |
| (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-24333">SPARK-24333</a>).</li> |
| <li><a href="ml-features.html#robustscaler"><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RobustScaler</code></a> transformer was added |
| (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-28399">SPARK-28399</a>).</li> |
| <li><a href="ml-classification-regression.html#factorization-machines"><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Factorization Machines</code></a> classifier and regressor were added |
| (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-29224">SPARK-29224</a>).</li> |
| <li>Gaussian Naive Bayes Classifier (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-16872">SPARK-16872</a>) and Complement Naive Bayes Classifier (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-29942">SPARK-29942</a>) were added.</li> |
| <li>ML function parity between Scala and Python |
| (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-28958">SPARK-28958</a>).</li> |
| <li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">predictRaw</code> is made public in all the Classification models. <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">predictProbability</code> is made public in all the Classification models except <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">LinearSVCModel</code> |
| (<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-30358">SPARK-30358</a>).</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <h1 id="migration-guide">Migration Guide</h1> |
| |
| <p>The migration guide is now archived <a href="ml-migration-guide.html">on this page</a>.</p> |
| |
| <div class="footnotes" role="doc-endnotes"> |
| <ol> |
| <li id="fn:1" role="doc-endnote"> |
| <p>To learn more about the benefits and background of system optimised natives, you may wish to |
| watch Sam Halliday’s ScalaX talk on <a href="http://fommil.github.io/scalax14/#/">High Performance Linear Algebra in Scala</a>. <a href="#fnref:1" class="reversefootnote" role="doc-backlink">↩</a></p> |
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| </ol> |
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| // Note that we load MathJax this way to work with local file (file://), HTTP and HTTPS. |
| // We could use "//cdn.mathjax...", but that won't support "file://". |
| (function(d, script) { |
| script = d.createElement('script'); |
| script.type = 'text/javascript'; |
| script.async = true; |
| script.onload = function(){ |
| MathJax.Hub.Config({ |
| tex2jax: { |
| inlineMath: [ ["$", "$"], ["\\\\(","\\\\)"] ], |
| displayMath: [ ["$$","$$"], ["\\[", "\\]"] ], |
| processEscapes: true, |
| skipTags: ['script', 'noscript', 'style', 'textarea', 'pre'] |
| } |
| }); |
| }; |
| script.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://' : 'http://') + |
| 'cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.1/MathJax.js' + |
| '?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML'; |
| d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(script); |
| }(document)); |
| </script> |
| </body> |
| </html> |
