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| <h1 class="title">Spark SQL CLI</h1> |
| |
| |
| <ul id="markdown-toc"> |
| <li><a href="#spark-sql-command-line-options" id="markdown-toc-spark-sql-command-line-options">Spark SQL Command Line Options</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#the-hiverc-file" id="markdown-toc-the-hiverc-file">The hiverc File</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#path-interpretation" id="markdown-toc-path-interpretation">Path interpretation</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#supported-comment-types" id="markdown-toc-supported-comment-types">Supported comment types</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#spark-sql-cli-interactive-shell-commands" id="markdown-toc-spark-sql-cli-interactive-shell-commands">Spark SQL CLI Interactive Shell Commands</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#examples" id="markdown-toc-examples">Examples</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <p>The Spark SQL CLI is a convenient interactive command tool to run the Hive metastore service and execute SQL |
| queries input from the command line. Note that the Spark SQL CLI cannot talk to the Thrift JDBC server.</p> |
| |
| <p>To start the Spark SQL CLI, run the following in the Spark directory:</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>./bin/spark-sql |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>Configuration of Hive is done by placing your <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">hive-site.xml</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">core-site.xml</code> and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">hdfs-site.xml</code> files in <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">conf/</code>.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="spark-sql-command-line-options">Spark SQL Command Line Options</h2> |
| |
| <p>You may run <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">./bin/spark-sql --help</code> for a complete list of all available options.</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>CLI options: |
| -d,--define <key=value> Variable substitution to apply to Hive |
| commands. e.g. -d A=B or --define A=B |
| --database <databasename> Specify the database to use |
| -e <quoted-query-string> SQL from command line |
| -f <filename> SQL from files |
| -H,--help Print help information |
| --hiveconf <property=value> Use value for given property |
| --hivevar <key=value> Variable substitution to apply to Hive |
| commands. e.g. --hivevar A=B |
| -i <filename> Initialization SQL file |
| -S,--silent Silent mode in interactive shell |
| -v,--verbose Verbose mode (echo executed SQL to the |
| console) |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <h2 id="the-hiverc-file">The hiverc File</h2> |
| |
| <p>When invoked without the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">-i</code>, the Spark SQL CLI will attempt to load <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">$HIVE_HOME/bin/.hiverc</code> and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">$HOME/.hiverc</code> as initialization files.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="path-interpretation">Path interpretation</h2> |
| |
| <p>Spark SQL CLI supports running SQL from initialization script file(<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">-i</code>) or normal SQL file(<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">-f</code>), If path url don’t have a scheme component, the path will be handled as local file. |
| For example: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/path/to/spark-sql-cli.sql</code> equals to <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">file:///path/to/spark-sql-cli.sql</code>. User also can use Hadoop supported filesystems such as <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">s3://<mys3bucket>/path/to/spark-sql-cli.sql</code> or <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">hdfs://<namenode>:<port>/path/to/spark-sql-cli.sql</code>.</p> |
| |
| <h2 id="supported-comment-types">Supported comment types</h2> |
| |
| <table> |
| <thead><tr><th>Comment</th><th>Example</th></tr></thead> |
| <tr> |
| <td>simple comment</td> |
| <td> |
| <code> |
| -- This is a simple comment. |
| <br /> |
| SELECT 1; |
| </code> |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td>bracketed comment</td> |
| <td> |
| <code> |
| /* This is a bracketed comment. */ |
| <br /> |
| SELECT 1; |
| </code> |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td>nested bracketed comment</td> |
| <td> |
| <code> |
| /* This is a /* nested bracketed comment*/ .*/ |
| <br /> |
| SELECT 1; |
| </code> |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| |
| <h2 id="spark-sql-cli-interactive-shell-commands">Spark SQL CLI Interactive Shell Commands</h2> |
| |
| <p>When <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">./bin/spark-sql</code> is run without either the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">-e</code> or <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">-f</code> option, it enters interactive shell mode. |
| Use <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">;</code> (semicolon) to terminate commands. Notice:</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li>The CLI use <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">;</code> to terminate commands only when it’s at the end of line, and it’s not escaped by <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">\\;</code>.</li> |
| <li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">;</code> is the only way to terminate commands. If the user types <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">SELECT 1</code> and presses enter, the console will just wait for input.</li> |
| <li>If the user types multiple commands in one line like <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">SELECT 1; SELECT 2;</code>, the commands <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">SELECT 1</code> and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">SELECT 2</code> will be executed separately.</li> |
| <li>If <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">;</code> appears within a SQL statement (not the end of the line), then it has no special meanings: |
| <div class="language-sql highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">-- This is a ; comment</span> |
| <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="s1">';'</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| </code></pre></div> </div> |
| <p>This is just a comment line followed by a SQL query which returns a string literal.</p> |
| <div class="language-sql highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="cm">/* This is a comment contains ; |
| */</span> <span class="k">SELECT</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span> |
| </code></pre></div> </div> |
| <p>However, if ‘;’ is the end of the line, it terminates the SQL statement. The example above will be terminated into <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/* This is a comment contains </code> and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">*/ SELECT 1</code>, Spark will submit these two commands separated and throw parser error (<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">unclosed bracketed comment</code> and <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Syntax error at or near '*/'</code>).</p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| |
| <table> |
| <thead><tr><th>Command</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead> |
| <tr> |
| <td><code>quit</code> or <code>exit</code></td> |
| <td>Exits the interactive shell.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><code>!<command></code></td> |
| <td>Executes a shell command from the Spark SQL CLI shell.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><code>dfs <HDFS dfs command></code></td> |
| <td>Executes a HDFS <a href="https://hadoop.apache.org/docs/stable/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-hdfs/HDFSCommands.html#dfs">dfs command</a> from the Spark SQL CLI shell.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><code><query string></code></td> |
| <td>Executes a Spark SQL query and prints results to standard output.</td> |
| </tr> |
| <tr> |
| <td><code>source <filepath></code></td> |
| <td>Executes a script file inside the CLI.</td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| |
| <h2 id="examples">Examples</h2> |
| |
| <p>Example of running a query from the command line:</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>./bin/spark-sql -e 'SELECT COL FROM TBL' |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>Example of setting Hive configuration variables:</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>./bin/spark-sql -e 'SELECT COL FROM TBL' --hiveconf hive.exec.scratchdir=/home/my/hive_scratch |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>Example of setting Hive configuration variables and using it in the SQL query:</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>./bin/spark-sql -e 'SELECT ${hiveconf:aaa}' --hiveconf aaa=bbb --hiveconf hive.exec.scratchdir=/home/my/hive_scratch |
| spark-sql> SELECT ${aaa}; |
| bbb |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>Example of setting Hive variables substitution:</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>./bin/spark-sql --hivevar aaa=bbb --define ccc=ddd |
| spark-sql> SELECT ${aaa}, ${ccc}; |
| bbb ddd |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>Example of dumping data out from a query into a file using silent mode:</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>./bin/spark-sql -S -e 'SELECT COL FROM TBL' > result.txt |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>Example of running a script non-interactively:</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>./bin/spark-sql -f /path/to/spark-sql-script.sql |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>Example of running an initialization script before entering interactive mode:</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>./bin/spark-sql -i /path/to/spark-sql-init.sql |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>Example of entering interactive mode:</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>./bin/spark-sql |
| spark-sql> SELECT 1; |
| 1 |
| spark-sql> -- This is a simple comment. |
| spark-sql> SELECT 1; |
| 1 |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
| |
| <p>Example of entering interactive mode with escape <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">;</code> in comment:</p> |
| |
| <div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>./bin/spark-sql |
| spark-sql>/* This is a comment contains \\; |
| > It won't be terminated by \\; */ |
| > SELECT 1; |
| 1 |
| </code></pre></div></div> |
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| script = d.createElement('script'); |
| script.type = 'text/javascript'; |
| script.async = true; |
| script.onload = function(){ |
| MathJax.Hub.Config({ |
| tex2jax: { |
| inlineMath: [ ["$", "$"], ["\\\\(","\\\\)"] ], |
| displayMath: [ ["$$","$$"], ["\\[", "\\]"] ], |
| processEscapes: true, |
| skipTags: ['script', 'noscript', 'style', 'textarea', 'pre'] |
| } |
| }); |
| }; |
| script.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://' : 'http://') + |
| 'cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.1/MathJax.js' + |
| '?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML'; |
| d.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(script); |
| }(document)); |
| </script> |
| </body> |
| </html> |
