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<title>Observe Service Mesh through ALS | Apache SkyWalking</title><meta property="og:title" content="Observe Service Mesh through ALS" />
<meta property="og:description" content="Observe Service Mesh through ALS Envoy Access Log Service (ALS) provides full logs on routed RPC, including HTTP and TCP.
Background The solution was initialized and first implemented by Sheng Wu, Hongtao Gao, Lizan Zhou, and Dhi Aurrahman on May 17, 2019, and was presented at KubeCon China 2019. Here is a video recording of the presentation.
SkyWalking is the first open-source project that introduced an ALS-based solution to the world." />
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<meta itemprop="description" content="Observe Service Mesh through ALS Envoy Access Log Service (ALS) provides full logs on routed RPC, including HTTP and TCP.
Background The solution was initialized and first implemented by Sheng Wu, Hongtao Gao, Lizan Zhou, and Dhi Aurrahman on May 17, 2019, and was presented at KubeCon China 2019. Here is a video recording of the presentation.
SkyWalking is the first open-source project that introduced an ALS-based solution to the world.">
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="Observe Service Mesh through ALS Envoy Access Log Service (ALS) provides full logs on routed RPC, including HTTP and TCP.
Background The solution was initialized and first implemented by Sheng Wu, Hongtao Gao, Lizan Zhou, and Dhi Aurrahman on May 17, 2019, and was presented at KubeCon China 2019. Here is a video recording of the presentation.
SkyWalking is the first open-source project that introduced an ALS-based solution to the world."/>
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<h1 id="observe-service-mesh-through-als">Observe Service Mesh through ALS</h1>
<p><a href="https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/v1.18.2/api-v2/service/accesslog/v2/als.proto">Envoy Access Log Service (ALS)</a> provides
full logs on routed RPC, including HTTP and TCP.</p>
<h2 id="background">Background</h2>
<p>The solution was initialized and first implemented by <a href="https://github.com/wu-sheng">Sheng Wu</a>, <a href="https://github.com/hanahmily">Hongtao Gao</a>, <a href="https://github.com/lizan">Lizan Zhou</a>,
and <a href="https://github.com/dio">Dhi Aurrahman</a> on May 17, 2019, and was presented at <a href="https://kccncosschn19eng.sched.com/event/NroB/observability-in-service-mesh-powered-by-envoy-and-apache-skywalking-sheng-wu-lizan-zhou-tetrate">KubeCon China 2019</a>.
Here is a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tERm39ju9ew">video recording of the presentation</a>.</p>
<p>SkyWalking is the first open-source project that introduced an ALS-based solution to the world. This solution provides a new take on observability with a lightweight payload on the service mesh.</p>
<h2 id="enable-als-and-skywalking-receiver">Enable ALS and SkyWalking Receiver</h2>
<p>You need the following steps to set up ALS.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Enable <a href="https://istio.io/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1/#ProxyConfig"><code>envoyAccessLogService</code> in ProxyConfig</a> and set the ALS address to where the SkyWalking OAP listens.
In Istio version 1.6.0+, if Istio is installed with <a href="https://istio.io/latest/docs/setup/additional-setup/config-profiles/"><code>demo</code> profile</a>, you can enable ALS with this command:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">istioctl manifest apply <span style="color:#d14">\
</span><span style="color:#d14"></span> --set <span style="color:#008080">profile</span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">=</span>demo <span style="color:#d14">\
</span><span style="color:#d14"></span> --set meshConfig.enableEnvoyAccessLogService<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">=</span><span style="color:#0086b3">true</span> <span style="color:#d14">\
</span><span style="color:#d14"></span> --set meshConfig.defaultConfig.envoyAccessLogService.address<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">=</span>&lt;skywalking-oap.skywalking.svc:11800&gt;
</code></pre></div><p>Note: Replace <code>&lt;skywalking-oap.skywalking.svc:11800&gt;</code> with the real address where SkyWalking OAP is deployed.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Activate SkyWalking Envoy Receiver. (activated in default)</p>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml"><span style="color:#000080">envoy-metric</span>:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#000080">selector</span>:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>${SW_ENVOY_METRIC:default}<span style="color:#bbb">
</span></code></pre></div><ul>
<li>
<p>Choose an ALS analyzer. There are two available analyzers for both HTTP access logs and TCP access logs: <code>k8s-mesh</code> and <code>mx-mesh</code>.
Set the system environment variables <strong>SW_ENVOY_METRIC_ALS_HTTP_ANALYSIS</strong> and <strong>SW_ENVOY_METRIC_ALS_TCP_ANALYSIS</strong>,
such as <code>SW_ENVOY_METRIC_ALS_HTTP_ANALYSIS=mx-mesh</code> and <code>SW_ENVOY_METRIC_ALS_TCP_ANALYSIS=mx-mesh</code>, or in <code>application.yaml</code> to activate the analyzers. For more about the analyzers, see <a href="#skywalking-als-analyzers">SkyWalking ALS Analyzers</a>.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml"><span style="color:#000080">envoy-metric</span>:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#000080">selector</span>:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>${SW_ENVOY_METRIC:default}<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#000080">default</span>:<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#000080">acceptMetricsService</span>:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>${SW_ENVOY_METRIC_SERVICE:true}<span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#000080">alsHTTPAnalysis</span>:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>${SW_ENVOY_METRIC_ALS_HTTP_ANALYSIS:&#34;&#34;}<span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#998;font-style:italic"># Setting the system env variable would override this.</span><span style="color:#bbb">
</span><span style="color:#bbb"> </span><span style="color:#000080">alsTCPAnalysis</span>:<span style="color:#bbb"> </span>${SW_ENVOY_METRIC_ALS_TCP_ANALYSIS:&#34;&#34;}<span style="color:#bbb">
</span></code></pre></div><p>To use multiple analyzers as a fallback, please use <code>,</code> to concatenate.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="example">Example</h2>
<p>Here&rsquo;s an example of installing Istio and deploying SkyWalking by Helm chart.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#fff;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">istioctl install <span style="color:#d14">\
</span><span style="color:#d14"></span> --set <span style="color:#008080">profile</span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">=</span>demo <span style="color:#d14">\
</span><span style="color:#d14"></span> --set meshConfig.enableEnvoyAccessLogService<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">=</span><span style="color:#0086b3">true</span> <span style="color:#d14">\
</span><span style="color:#d14"></span> --set meshConfig.defaultConfig.envoyAccessLogService.address<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">=</span>skywalking-oap.istio-system:11800
git clone https://github.com/apache/skywalking-helm.git
<span style="color:#0086b3">cd</span> skywalking-helm/chart
helm repo add elastic https://helm.elastic.co
helm dep up skywalking
helm install 8.1.0 skywalking -n istio-system <span style="color:#d14">\
</span><span style="color:#d14"></span> --set oap.env.SW_ENVOY_METRIC_ALS_HTTP_ANALYSIS<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">=</span>mx-mesh <span style="color:#d14">\
</span><span style="color:#d14"></span> --set oap.env.SW_ENVOY_METRIC_ALS_TCP_ANALYSIS<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">=</span>mx-mesh <span style="color:#d14">\
</span><span style="color:#d14"></span> --set <span style="color:#008080">fullnameOverride</span><span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">=</span>skywalking <span style="color:#d14">\
</span><span style="color:#d14"></span> --set oap.envoy.als.enabled<span style="color:#000;font-weight:bold">=</span><span style="color:#0086b3">true</span>
</code></pre></div><p>You can use <code>kubectl -n istio-system logs -l app=skywalking | grep &quot;K8sALSServiceMeshHTTPAnalysis&quot;</code> to ensure that OAP ALS <code>mx-mesh</code> analyzer has been activated.</p>
<h2 id="skywalking-als-analyzers">SkyWalking ALS Analyzers</h2>
<p>There are several available analyzers: <code>k8s-mesh</code>, <code>mx-mesh</code>, and <code>persistence</code>. You can specify one or more
analyzers to analyze the access logs. When multiple analyzers are specified, it acts as a fast-success mechanism:
SkyWalking loops over the analyzers and use them to analyze the logs. Once there is an analyzer that is able to produce a
result, it stops the loop.</p>
<h3 id="k8s-mesh"><code>k8s-mesh</code></h3>
<p><code>k8s-mesh</code> uses the metadata from Kubernetes clusters, hence in this analyzer, OAP needs access roles to <code>Pod</code>, <code>Service</code>, and <code>Endpoints</code>.</p>
<p>The <a href="https://skywalking.apache.org/blog/2020-12-03-obs-service-mesh-with-sw-and-als/">blog</a> illustrates the details of how it works and a step-by-step tutorial to apply it to the <code>bookinfo</code> application.</p>
<h3 id="mx-mesh"><code>mx-mesh</code></h3>
<p><code>mx-mesh</code> uses the Envoy metadata exchange mechanism to get the service name, etc.
This analyzer requires Istio to enable the metadata exchange plugin (you can enable it by <code>--set values.telemetry.v2.enabled=true</code>,
or if you&rsquo;re using Istio 1.7+ and installing it with profile <code>demo</code>/<code>preview</code>, it should already be enabled).</p>
<p>The <a href="https://skywalking.apache.org/blog/obs-service-mesh-vm-with-sw-and-als/">blog</a> illustrates the details of how it works and a step-by-step tutorial on applying it to the <a href="https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/microservices-demo">Online Boutique</a> system.</p>
<h3 id="persistence"><code>persistence</code></h3>
<p><code>persistence</code> analyzer adapts the Envoy access log format to
SkyWalking&rsquo;s <a href="https://github.com/apache/skywalking-data-collect-protocol/blob/master/logging/Logging.proto">native log format</a>, and forwards the formatted logs to <a href="../../../concepts-and-designs/lal">LAL</a>, where you can configure persistent
conditions, such as <code>sampler</code>, only persist error logs, etc. SkyWalking provides a default configuration
file <a href="https://github.com/apache/skywalking/tree/a63601318d802ef7f2f520758725824d317385cf/oap-server/server-starter/src/main/resources/lal/envoy-als.yaml"><code>envoy-als.yaml</code></a> that you can
adjust as per your needs. Please make sure to activate this rule via adding the rule name <code>envoy-als</code>
into config item <code>log-analyzer/default/lalFiles</code> (or environment variable <code>SW_LOG_LAL_FILES</code>,
e.g. <code>SW_LOG_LAL_FILES=envoy-als</code>).</p>
<p><strong>Attention</strong>: Since the <code>persistence</code> analyzer also needs a mechanism to map the logs into responding services, you need to configure at least one of <code>k8s-mesh</code> or <code>mx-mesh</code> as its antecedent so that <code>persistence</code> analyzer knows which service the logs belong to. For example, you should set <code>envoy-metric/default/alsHTTPAnalysis</code> (or environment
variable <code>SW_ENVOY_METRIC_ALS_HTTP_ANALYSIS</code>) to something like <code>k8s-mesh,persistence</code>, <code>mx-mesh,persistence</code>, or <code>mx-mesh,k8s-mesh,persistence</code>.</p>
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