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<a href="/docs/download-singa.html#incubating-v110-12-february-2017">Download SINGA v1.1.0</a></p>
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diff --git a/content/blog/2017/02/12/v1-1-0/index.html b/content/blog/2017/02/12/v1-1-0/index.html
index 0bc44ef..0f83b0b 100644
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</script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer postContainer blogContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="lonePost"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><h1 class="postHeaderTitle"><a href="/blog/2017/02/12/v1-1-0">Version 1.1.0</a></h1><p class="post-meta">February 12, 2017</p><div class="authorBlock"><p class="post-authorName"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Apache SINGA</a></p></div></header><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p><strong>Version 1.1.0</strong> is now available, 12 Feb, 2017.
<a href="/docs/download-singa.html#incubating-v110-12-february-2017">Download SINGA v1.1.0</a></p>
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diff --git a/content/blog/2018/06/09/v1-2-0.html b/content/blog/2018/06/09/v1-2-0.html
index ba64f9a..2e3969d 100644
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</script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer postContainer blogContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="lonePost"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><h1 class="postHeaderTitle"><a href="/blog/2018/06/09/v1-2-0">Version 1.2.0</a></h1><p class="post-meta">June 9, 2018</p><div class="authorBlock"><p class="post-authorName"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Apache SINGA</a></p></div></header><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p><strong>Version 1.2.0</strong> is now available, 6 June, 2018.
<a href="/docs/download-singa.html#incubating-v120-6-june-2018">Download SINGA v1.2.0</a></p>
-</span></div></div><div class="blogSocialSection"><div class="blogSocialSectionItem"><a href="https://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-text="Version 1.2.0" data-url="https://singa.apache.org/blog/2018/06/09/v1-2-0" data-related="true" data-show-count="false">Tweet</a></div></div></div><div class="blog-recent"><a class="button" href="/blog/">Recent News</a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/blog/2018/06/09/v1-2-0/index.html b/content/blog/2018/06/09/v1-2-0/index.html
index ba64f9a..2e3969d 100644
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<p><strong>Version 1.2.0</strong> is now available, 6 June, 2018.
<a href="/docs/download-singa.html#incubating-v120-6-june-2018">Download SINGA v1.2.0</a></p>
-</span></div></div><div class="blogSocialSection"><div class="blogSocialSectionItem"><a href="https://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-text="Version 1.2.0" data-url="https://singa.apache.org/blog/2018/06/09/v1-2-0" data-related="true" data-show-count="false">Tweet</a></div></div></div><div class="blog-recent"><a class="button" href="/blog/">Recent News</a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></div><div class="blogSocialSection"><div class="blogSocialSectionItem"><a href="https://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-text="Version 1.2.0" data-url="https://singa.apache.org/blog/2018/06/09/v1-2-0" data-related="true" data-show-count="false">Tweet</a></div></div></div><div class="blog-recent"><a class="button" href="/blog/">Recent News</a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/blog/2018/07/16/DIBRIS.html b/content/blog/2018/07/16/DIBRIS.html
index a88cfb4..05f39d2 100644
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<p>SINGA was presented at
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2018.9.</p>
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<p><strong>Version 2.0.0</strong> is now available, 20 April, 2019.
<a href="/docs/download-singa.html#incubating-v200-20-april-2019">Download SINGA v2.0.0</a></p>
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<p><strong>Version 2.0.0</strong> is now available, 20 April, 2019.
<a href="/docs/download-singa.html#incubating-v200-20-april-2019">Download SINGA v2.0.0</a></p>
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+</span></div></div><div class="blogSocialSection"><div class="blogSocialSectionItem"><a href="https://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-text="Version 2.0.0" data-url="https://singa.apache.org/blog/2019/04/20/v2-0-0" data-related="true" data-show-count="false">Tweet</a></div></div></div><div class="blog-recent"><a class="button" href="/blog/">Recent News</a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/blog/2019/05/05/eu-fossa.html b/content/blog/2019/05/05/eu-fossa.html
index d6ea9e4..c2d219c 100644
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- </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>All News</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">All News</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2020/04/19/v3-0-0">Release Version 3.0.0</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/10/16/graduate-tlp">Apache SINGA as a Top-Level Project</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/10/03/foodlg-with-singa">Foodlg Powered by SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/08/16/imda">Singapore IMDA Presentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/06/27/google-summer-of-code">Google Summer of Code 2019</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/05/05/eu-fossa">EU FOSSA Apache Hackathon</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/04/20/v2-0-0">Version 2.0.0</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2018/12/14/DISI">DISI Trento Presentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2018/07/16/DIBRIS">DIBRIS Genoa Presentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2018/06/09/v1-2-0">Version 1.2.0</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2017/02/12/v1-1-0">Version 1.1.0</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>All News</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">All News</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2020/04/19/v3-0-0">Release Version 3.0.0</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/10/16/graduate-tlp">Apache SINGA as a Top-Level Project</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/10/03/foodlg-with-singa">Foodlg Powered by SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/08/16/imda">Singapore IMDA Presentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/06/27/google-summer-of-code">Google Summer of Code 2019</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/05/05/eu-fossa">EU FOSSA Apache Hackathon</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/04/20/v2-0-0">Version 2.0.0</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2018/12/14/DISI">DISI Trento Presentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2018/07/16/DIBRIS">DIBRIS Genoa Presentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2018/06/09/v1-2-0">Version 1.2.0</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2017/02/12/v1-1-0">Version 1.1.0</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
<p>SINGA participated at
<a href="https://eufossa.github.io/apache-hackathon-2019/">EU FOSSA Apache Hackathon</a> in
Brussels on 4 and 5 May 2019.</p>
-</span></div></div><div class="blogSocialSection"><div class="blogSocialSectionItem"><a href="https://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-text="EU FOSSA Apache Hackathon" data-url="https://singa.apache.org/blog/2019/05/05/eu-fossa" data-related="true" data-show-count="false">Tweet</a></div></div></div><div class="blog-recent"><a class="button" href="/blog/">Recent News</a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></div><div class="blogSocialSection"><div class="blogSocialSectionItem"><a href="https://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-text="EU FOSSA Apache Hackathon" data-url="https://singa.apache.org/blog/2019/05/05/eu-fossa" data-related="true" data-show-count="false">Tweet</a></div></div></div><div class="blog-recent"><a class="button" href="/blog/">Recent News</a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/blog/2019/05/05/eu-fossa/index.html b/content/blog/2019/05/05/eu-fossa/index.html
index d6ea9e4..c2d219c 100644
--- a/content/blog/2019/05/05/eu-fossa/index.html
+++ b/content/blog/2019/05/05/eu-fossa/index.html
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
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- </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>All News</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">All News</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2020/04/19/v3-0-0">Release Version 3.0.0</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/10/16/graduate-tlp">Apache SINGA as a Top-Level Project</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/10/03/foodlg-with-singa">Foodlg Powered by SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/08/16/imda">Singapore IMDA Presentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/06/27/google-summer-of-code">Google Summer of Code 2019</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/05/05/eu-fossa">EU FOSSA Apache Hackathon</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/04/20/v2-0-0">Version 2.0.0</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2018/12/14/DISI">DISI Trento Presentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2018/07/16/DIBRIS">DIBRIS Genoa Presentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2018/06/09/v1-2-0">Version 1.2.0</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2017/02/12/v1-1-0">Version 1.1.0</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>All News</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">All News</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2020/04/19/v3-0-0">Release Version 3.0.0</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/10/16/graduate-tlp">Apache SINGA as a Top-Level Project</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/10/03/foodlg-with-singa">Foodlg Powered by SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/08/16/imda">Singapore IMDA Presentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/06/27/google-summer-of-code">Google Summer of Code 2019</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/05/05/eu-fossa">EU FOSSA Apache Hackathon</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/04/20/v2-0-0">Version 2.0.0</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2018/12/14/DISI">DISI Trento Presentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2018/07/16/DIBRIS">DIBRIS Genoa Presentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2018/06/09/v1-2-0">Version 1.2.0</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2017/02/12/v1-1-0">Version 1.1.0</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
var coll = document.getElementsByClassName('collapsible');
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for (var i = 0; i < coll.length; i++) {
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
<p>SINGA participated at
<a href="https://eufossa.github.io/apache-hackathon-2019/">EU FOSSA Apache Hackathon</a> in
Brussels on 4 and 5 May 2019.</p>
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</script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer postContainer blogContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="lonePost"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><h1 class="postHeaderTitle"><a href="/blog/2019/06/27/google-summer-of-code">Google Summer of Code 2019</a></h1><p class="post-meta">June 27, 2019</p><div class="authorBlock"><p class="post-authorName"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Apache SINGA</a></p></div></header><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p>SINGA participated in mentoring the Google Summer of Code 2019 project
<a href="https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/projects/#5612088771215360">SpamAssassin: Statistical Classifier Plugin</a>.</p>
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index dc36041..8ff1b4d 100644
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</script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer postContainer blogContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="lonePost"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><h1 class="postHeaderTitle"><a href="/blog/2019/06/27/google-summer-of-code">Google Summer of Code 2019</a></h1><p class="post-meta">June 27, 2019</p><div class="authorBlock"><p class="post-authorName"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Apache SINGA</a></p></div></header><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p>SINGA participated in mentoring the Google Summer of Code 2019 project
<a href="https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com/projects/#5612088771215360">SpamAssassin: Statistical Classifier Plugin</a>.</p>
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diff --git a/content/blog/2019/08/16/imda.html b/content/blog/2019/08/16/imda.html
index d63cbcd..05c84c6 100644
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diff --git a/content/blog/2020/04/19/v3-0-0/index.html b/content/blog/2020/04/19/v3-0-0/index.html
index b5504d9..081c6b1 100644
--- a/content/blog/2020/04/19/v3-0-0/index.html
+++ b/content/blog/2020/04/19/v3-0-0/index.html
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<p>Please check the <a href="/docs/software-stack">overview page</a> and detailed
<a href="/docs/installation">guides</a>.</p>
-</span></div></div><div class="blogSocialSection"><div class="blogSocialSectionItem"><a href="https://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-text="Release Version 3.0.0" data-url="https://singa.apache.org/blog/2020/04/19/v3-0-0" data-related="true" data-show-count="false">Tweet</a></div></div></div><div class="blog-recent"><a class="button" href="/blog/">Recent News</a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></div><div class="blogSocialSection"><div class="blogSocialSectionItem"><a href="https://twitter.com/share" class="twitter-share-button" data-text="Release Version 3.0.0" data-url="https://singa.apache.org/blog/2020/04/19/v3-0-0" data-related="true" data-show-count="false">Tweet</a></div></div></div><div class="blog-recent"><a class="button" href="/blog/">Recent News</a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/blog/atom.xml b/content/blog/atom.xml
index 6546c3c..c83012c 100644
--- a/content/blog/atom.xml
+++ b/content/blog/atom.xml
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<link rel="alternate" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog"/>
<subtitle>The best place to stay up-to-date with the latest Apache SINGA news and events.</subtitle>
<logo>https://singa.apache.org/img/singa.png</logo>
- <rights>Copyright © 2022
+ <rights>Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/blog/feed.xml b/content/blog/feed.xml
index eb19829..8ba5912 100644
--- a/content/blog/feed.xml
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@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
<url>https://singa.apache.org/img/singa.png</url>
<link>https://singa.apache.org/blog</link>
</image>
- <copyright>Copyright © 2022
+ <copyright>Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/blog/index.html b/content/blog/index.html
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- </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="blog"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive siteNavItemActive"><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>All News</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">All News</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2020/04/19/v3-0-0">Release Version 3.0.0</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/10/16/graduate-tlp">Apache SINGA as a Top-Level Project</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/10/03/foodlg-with-singa">Foodlg Powered by SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/08/16/imda">Singapore IMDA Presentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/06/27/google-summer-of-code">Google Summer of Code 2019</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/05/05/eu-fossa">EU FOSSA Apache Hackathon</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/04/20/v2-0-0">Version 2.0.0</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2018/12/14/DISI">DISI Trento Presentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2018/07/16/DIBRIS">DIBRIS Genoa Presentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2018/06/09/v1-2-0">Version 1.2.0</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2017/02/12/v1-1-0">Version 1.1.0</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="blog"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive siteNavItemActive"><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>All News</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">All News</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2020/04/19/v3-0-0">Release Version 3.0.0</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/10/16/graduate-tlp">Apache SINGA as a Top-Level Project</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/10/03/foodlg-with-singa">Foodlg Powered by SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/08/16/imda">Singapore IMDA Presentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/06/27/google-summer-of-code">Google Summer of Code 2019</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/05/05/eu-fossa">EU FOSSA Apache Hackathon</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2019/04/20/v2-0-0">Version 2.0.0</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2018/12/14/DISI">DISI Trento Presentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2018/07/16/DIBRIS">DIBRIS Genoa Presentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2018/06/09/v1-2-0">Version 1.2.0</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/blog/2017/02/12/v1-1-0">Version 1.1.0</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
</span></div></article></div><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><h1 class="postHeaderTitle"><a href="/blog/2018/06/09/v1-2-0">Version 1.2.0</a></h1><p class="post-meta">June 9, 2018</p><div class="authorBlock"><p class="post-authorName"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Apache SINGA</a></p></div></header><article class="post-content"><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p><strong>Version 1.2.0</strong> is now available, 6 June, 2018.
<a href="/docs/download-singa.html#incubating-v120-6-june-2018">Download SINGA v1.2.0</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next" href="/blog/page2/">Next →</a></div></div></div></div></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/blog/page2/index.html b/content/blog/page2/index.html
index b40f8cd..5faf37a 100644
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for (var i = 0; i < coll.length; i++) {
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
</script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer postContainer blogContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="posts"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><h1 class="postHeaderTitle"><a href="/blog/2017/02/12/v1-1-0">Version 1.1.0</a></h1><p class="post-meta">February 12, 2017</p><div class="authorBlock"><p class="post-authorName"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Apache SINGA</a></p></div></header><article class="post-content"><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p><strong>Version 1.1.0</strong> is now available, 12 Feb, 2017.
<a href="/docs/download-singa.html#incubating-v110-12-february-2017">Download SINGA v1.1.0</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev" href="/blog/">← Prev</a></div></div></div></div></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/autograd.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/autograd.html
index d473ecb..dc5ff92 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/autograd.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/autograd.html
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p, gp <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> autograd.backward(loss): <span class="hljs-comment"># auto backward</span>
sgd.update(p, gp)
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/autograd/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/autograd/index.html
index d473ecb..dc5ff92 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/autograd/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/autograd/index.html
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p, gp <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> autograd.backward(loss): <span class="hljs-comment"># auto backward</span>
sgd.update(p, gp)
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/benchmark-train.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/benchmark-train.html
index 7c1e5f2..7ec50e6 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/benchmark-train.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/benchmark-train.html
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
<p>Hardware: we use p2.8xlarge instances from AWS, each of which has 8 Nvidia Tesla K80 GPUs, 96 GB GPU memory in total, 32 vCPU, 488 GB main memory, 10 Gbps network bandwidth.</p>
<p>Metric: we measure the time per iteration for different number of workers to evaluate the scalability of SINGA. The batch size is fixed to be 32 per GPU. Synchronous training scheme is applied. As a result, the effective batch size is $32N$, where N is the number of GPUs. We compare with a popular open source system which uses the parameter server topology. The first GPU is selected as the server.</p>
<p><img src="/docs/assets/benchmark.png" alt="Benchmark Experiments"> <br/> <strong>Scalability test. Bars are for the throughput; lines are for the communication cost.</strong></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/benchmark-train/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/benchmark-train/index.html
index 7c1e5f2..7ec50e6 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/benchmark-train/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/benchmark-train/index.html
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
<p>Hardware: we use p2.8xlarge instances from AWS, each of which has 8 Nvidia Tesla K80 GPUs, 96 GB GPU memory in total, 32 vCPU, 488 GB main memory, 10 Gbps network bandwidth.</p>
<p>Metric: we measure the time per iteration for different number of workers to evaluate the scalability of SINGA. The batch size is fixed to be 32 per GPU. Synchronous training scheme is applied. As a result, the effective batch size is $32N$, where N is the number of GPUs. We compare with a popular open source system which uses the parameter server topology. The first GPU is selected as the server.</p>
<p><img src="/docs/assets/benchmark.png" alt="Benchmark Experiments"> <br/> <strong>Scalability test. Bars are for the throughput; lines are for the communication cost.</strong></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/build.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/build.html
index 6cd75be..a55f994 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/build.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/build.html
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@
</code></pre>
<p>If installed PySINGA from binary packages, e.g. debian or wheel, then you need to change the python interpreter, e.g., reset the $PATH to put the correct path of Python at the front position.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_mkldnn">USE_MKLDNN</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_mkldnn">USE_MKLDNN</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/build/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/build/index.html
index 6cd75be..a55f994 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/build/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/build/index.html
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@
</code></pre>
<p>If installed PySINGA from binary packages, e.g. debian or wheel, then you need to change the python interpreter, e.g., reset the $PATH to put the correct path of Python at the front position.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_mkldnn">USE_MKLDNN</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_mkldnn">USE_MKLDNN</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/contribute-code.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/contribute-code.html
index 42426de..5104422 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/contribute-code.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/contribute-code.html
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
<p>If you only update the Python code, you can install SINGAS once, and then copy the updated Python files to replace those in the Python installation folder,</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cp python/singa/xx.py <path to conda>/lib/python3.7/site-packages/singa/
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#jira-format">JIRA format</a></li><li><a href="#git-workflow">Git Workflow</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#jira-format">JIRA format</a></li><li><a href="#git-workflow">Git Workflow</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/contribute-code/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/contribute-code/index.html
index 42426de..5104422 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/contribute-code/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/contribute-code/index.html
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
<p>If you only update the Python code, you can install SINGAS once, and then copy the updated Python files to replace those in the Python installation folder,</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cp python/singa/xx.py <path to conda>/lib/python3.7/site-packages/singa/
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#jira-format">JIRA format</a></li><li><a href="#git-workflow">Git Workflow</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#jira-format">JIRA format</a></li><li><a href="#git-workflow">Git Workflow</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/contribute-docs.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/contribute-docs.html
index 9b1f6c0..4b0b05f 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/contribute-docs.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/contribute-docs.html
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
"description": "# spell check only for cpp comments"
}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docusaurus-website">Docusaurus Website</a></li><li><a href="#docs-for-the-docusaurus-site">Docs for the Docusaurus Site</a></li><li><a href="#news-for-the-docusaurus-site">News for the Docusaurus Site</a></li><li><a href="#website-old-version">Website (old version)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#using-visual-studio-code-vscode">Using Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docusaurus-website">Docusaurus Website</a></li><li><a href="#docs-for-the-docusaurus-site">Docs for the Docusaurus Site</a></li><li><a href="#news-for-the-docusaurus-site">News for the Docusaurus Site</a></li><li><a href="#website-old-version">Website (old version)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#using-visual-studio-code-vscode">Using Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/contribute-docs/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/contribute-docs/index.html
index 9b1f6c0..4b0b05f 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/contribute-docs/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/contribute-docs/index.html
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
"description": "# spell check only for cpp comments"
}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docusaurus-website">Docusaurus Website</a></li><li><a href="#docs-for-the-docusaurus-site">Docs for the Docusaurus Site</a></li><li><a href="#news-for-the-docusaurus-site">News for the Docusaurus Site</a></li><li><a href="#website-old-version">Website (old version)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#using-visual-studio-code-vscode">Using Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docusaurus-website">Docusaurus Website</a></li><li><a href="#docs-for-the-docusaurus-site">Docs for the Docusaurus Site</a></li><li><a href="#news-for-the-docusaurus-site">News for the Docusaurus Site</a></li><li><a href="#website-old-version">Website (old version)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#using-visual-studio-code-vscode">Using Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/device.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/device.html
index 1d34b55..39874e2 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/device.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/device.html
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/benchmark-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Benchmark for Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/benchmark-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Benchmark for Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/device/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/device/index.html
index 1d34b55..39874e2 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/device/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/device/index.html
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/benchmark-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Benchmark for Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/benchmark-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Benchmark for Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/dist-train.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/dist-train.html
index 9600968..583dd8f 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/dist-train.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/dist-train.html
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="distopt的python接口"></a><a href="#distopt的python接口" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>DistOpt的Python接口</h3>
<p>然后,python接口提供了一个<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/opt.py">DistOpt</a>类来封装一个<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/opt.py">optimizer</a>对象,以执行基于MPI或Multiprocess的分布式训练。在初始化过程中,它创建了一个NCCL communicator对象(来自于上面小节提到的C接口),然后,<code>DistOpt</code>中的每一次all-reduce操作都会用到这个communicator对象。</p>
<p>在MPI或Multiprocess中,每个进程都有一个独立的rank,它给出了各个进程使用的GPU的信息。训练数据是被拆分的,因此每个进程可以根据一部分训练数据来评估子梯度。一旦每个进程的子梯度被计算出来,就可以将所有进程计算出的子梯度做all-reduce,得到总体随机梯度。</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#使用">使用</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#代码示例">代码示例</a></li><li><a href="#执行命令">执行命令</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#针对分布式训练的优化">针对分布式训练的优化</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#不采取优化手段">不采取优化手段</a></li><li><a href="#半精度梯度(half-precision-gradients)">半精度梯度(Half-precision Gradients)</a></li><li><a href="#部分同步(partial-synchronization)">部分同步(Partial Synchronization)</a></li><li><a href="#梯度稀疏化(gradient-sparsification)">梯度稀疏化(Gradient Sparsification)</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#nccl-communicator的c接口">NCCL communicator的C接口</a></li><li><a href="#distopt的python接口">DistOpt的Python接口</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#使用">使用</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#代码示例">代码示例</a></li><li><a href="#执行命令">执行命令</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#针对分布式训练的优化">针对分布式训练的优化</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#不采取优化手段">不采取优化手段</a></li><li><a href="#半精度梯度(half-precision-gradients)">半精度梯度(Half-precision Gradients)</a></li><li><a href="#部分同步(partial-synchronization)">部分同步(Partial Synchronization)</a></li><li><a href="#梯度稀疏化(gradient-sparsification)">梯度稀疏化(Gradient Sparsification)</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#nccl-communicator的c接口">NCCL communicator的C接口</a></li><li><a href="#distopt的python接口">DistOpt的Python接口</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/dist-train/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/dist-train/index.html
index 9600968..583dd8f 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/dist-train/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/dist-train/index.html
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="distopt的python接口"></a><a href="#distopt的python接口" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>DistOpt的Python接口</h3>
<p>然后,python接口提供了一个<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/opt.py">DistOpt</a>类来封装一个<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/opt.py">optimizer</a>对象,以执行基于MPI或Multiprocess的分布式训练。在初始化过程中,它创建了一个NCCL communicator对象(来自于上面小节提到的C接口),然后,<code>DistOpt</code>中的每一次all-reduce操作都会用到这个communicator对象。</p>
<p>在MPI或Multiprocess中,每个进程都有一个独立的rank,它给出了各个进程使用的GPU的信息。训练数据是被拆分的,因此每个进程可以根据一部分训练数据来评估子梯度。一旦每个进程的子梯度被计算出来,就可以将所有进程计算出的子梯度做all-reduce,得到总体随机梯度。</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#使用">使用</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#代码示例">代码示例</a></li><li><a href="#执行命令">执行命令</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#针对分布式训练的优化">针对分布式训练的优化</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#不采取优化手段">不采取优化手段</a></li><li><a href="#半精度梯度(half-precision-gradients)">半精度梯度(Half-precision Gradients)</a></li><li><a href="#部分同步(partial-synchronization)">部分同步(Partial Synchronization)</a></li><li><a href="#梯度稀疏化(gradient-sparsification)">梯度稀疏化(Gradient Sparsification)</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#nccl-communicator的c接口">NCCL communicator的C接口</a></li><li><a href="#distopt的python接口">DistOpt的Python接口</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#使用">使用</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#代码示例">代码示例</a></li><li><a href="#执行命令">执行命令</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#针对分布式训练的优化">针对分布式训练的优化</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#不采取优化手段">不采取优化手段</a></li><li><a href="#半精度梯度(half-precision-gradients)">半精度梯度(Half-precision Gradients)</a></li><li><a href="#部分同步(partial-synchronization)">部分同步(Partial Synchronization)</a></li><li><a href="#梯度稀疏化(gradient-sparsification)">梯度稀疏化(Gradient Sparsification)</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#nccl-communicator的c接口">NCCL communicator的C接口</a></li><li><a href="#distopt的python接口">DistOpt的Python接口</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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<p><strong>Disclaimer</strong></p>
<p>Apache SINGA is an effort undergoing incubation at The Apache Software Foundation (ASF), sponsored by the name of Apache Incubator PMC. Incubation is required of all newly accepted projects until a further review indicates that the infrastructure, communications, and decision making process have stabilized in a manner consistent with other successful ASF projects. While incubation status is not necessarily a reflection of the completeness or stability of the code, it does indicate that the project has yet to be fully endorsed by the ASF.</p>
</blockquote>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/22/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/build"><span>Build SINGA from Source</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#verify">Verify</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v200-20-april-2019">Incubating v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018">Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017">Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016">Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016">Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016">Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/22/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/build"><span>Build SINGA from Source</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#verify">Verify</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v200-20-april-2019">Incubating v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018">Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017">Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016">Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016">Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016">Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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index bf8c698..7f6590f 100644
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+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/downloads/index.html
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@
<p><strong>Disclaimer</strong></p>
<p>Apache SINGA is an effort undergoing incubation at The Apache Software Foundation (ASF), sponsored by the name of Apache Incubator PMC. Incubation is required of all newly accepted projects until a further review indicates that the infrastructure, communications, and decision making process have stabilized in a manner consistent with other successful ASF projects. While incubation status is not necessarily a reflection of the completeness or stability of the code, it does indicate that the project has yet to be fully endorsed by the ASF.</p>
</blockquote>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/22/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/build"><span>Build SINGA from Source</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#verify">Verify</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v200-20-april-2019">Incubating v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018">Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017">Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016">Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016">Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016">Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/22/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/build"><span>Build SINGA from Source</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#verify">Verify</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v200-20-april-2019">Incubating v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018">Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017">Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016">Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016">Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016">Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/examples.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/examples.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
<li>MNIST数据集的有限玻尔兹曼机, <a href="">source</a>,
<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19996noGu9JyHHkVmp4edBGu7PJSRQKsd">Colab</a>.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#图像分类">图像分类</a></li><li><a href="#目标检测">目标检测</a></li><li><a href="#面部及表情识别">面部及表情识别</a></li><li><a href="#图像生成">图像生成</a></li><li><a href="#机器理解">机器理解</a></li><li><a href="#文字识别">文字识别</a></li><li><a href="#文本排序">文本排序</a></li><li><a href="#其他">其他</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#图像分类">图像分类</a></li><li><a href="#目标检测">目标检测</a></li><li><a href="#面部及表情识别">面部及表情识别</a></li><li><a href="#图像生成">图像生成</a></li><li><a href="#机器理解">机器理解</a></li><li><a href="#文字识别">文字识别</a></li><li><a href="#文本排序">文本排序</a></li><li><a href="#其他">其他</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/examples/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/examples/index.html
index 34832d0..544a3c6 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/examples/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/examples/index.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
<li>MNIST数据集的有限玻尔兹曼机, <a href="">source</a>,
<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19996noGu9JyHHkVmp4edBGu7PJSRQKsd">Colab</a>.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#图像分类">图像分类</a></li><li><a href="#目标检测">目标检测</a></li><li><a href="#面部及表情识别">面部及表情识别</a></li><li><a href="#图像生成">图像生成</a></li><li><a href="#机器理解">机器理解</a></li><li><a href="#文字识别">文字识别</a></li><li><a href="#文本排序">文本排序</a></li><li><a href="#其他">其他</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#图像分类">图像分类</a></li><li><a href="#目标检测">目标检测</a></li><li><a href="#面部及表情识别">面部及表情识别</a></li><li><a href="#图像生成">图像生成</a></li><li><a href="#机器理解">机器理解</a></li><li><a href="#文字识别">文字识别</a></li><li><a href="#文本排序">文本排序</a></li><li><a href="#其他">其他</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/git-workflow.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/git-workflow.html
index 8e4360c..0e79167 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/git-workflow.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/git-workflow.html
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
</code></pre>
<p>不要使用rebase来合并PR,并禁用fast forward。</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#对于开发者">对于开发者</a></li><li><a href="#对于committers">对于Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#对于开发者">对于开发者</a></li><li><a href="#对于committers">对于Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/git-workflow/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/git-workflow/index.html
index 8e4360c..0e79167 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/git-workflow/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/git-workflow/index.html
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
</code></pre>
<p>不要使用rebase来合并PR,并禁用fast forward。</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#对于开发者">对于开发者</a></li><li><a href="#对于committers">对于Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#对于开发者">对于开发者</a></li><li><a href="#对于committers">对于Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/graph.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/graph.html
index 5485a18..019f290 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/graph.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/graph.html
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@
<li>在启用计算图的情况下进行训练,可以显著减少内存占用。</li>
<li>目前,在速度上有一点改进。在效率方面还可以做更多的优化。</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#样例">样例</a></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#图的构建">图的构建</a></li><li><a href="#优化">优化</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#新的操作符">新的操作符</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#单节点">单节点</a></li><li><a href="#多线程">多线程</a></li><li><a href="#结论">结论</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#样例">样例</a></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#图的构建">图的构建</a></li><li><a href="#优化">优化</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#新的操作符">新的操作符</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#单节点">单节点</a></li><li><a href="#多线程">多线程</a></li><li><a href="#结论">结论</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/graph/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/graph/index.html
index 5485a18..019f290 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/graph/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/graph/index.html
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@
<li>在启用计算图的情况下进行训练,可以显著减少内存占用。</li>
<li>目前,在速度上有一点改进。在效率方面还可以做更多的优化。</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#样例">样例</a></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#图的构建">图的构建</a></li><li><a href="#优化">优化</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#新的操作符">新的操作符</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#单节点">单节点</a></li><li><a href="#多线程">多线程</a></li><li><a href="#结论">结论</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#样例">样例</a></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#图的构建">图的构建</a></li><li><a href="#优化">优化</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#新的操作符">新的操作符</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#单节点">单节点</a></li><li><a href="#多线程">多线程</a></li><li><a href="#结论">结论</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/half-precision.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/half-precision.html
index 0c77f18..3fa7f84 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/half-precision.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/half-precision.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
<span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/16/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-定义">Half data type 定义</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-运算">Half data type 运算</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-三个步骤">Training in Half 三个步骤</a></li><li><a href="#示例">示例</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-依赖性">Half Type 依赖性</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-定义">Half data type 定义</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-运算">Half data type 运算</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-三个步骤">Training in Half 三个步骤</a></li><li><a href="#示例">示例</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-依赖性">Half Type 依赖性</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/half-precision/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/half-precision/index.html
index 0c77f18..3fa7f84 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/half-precision/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/half-precision/index.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
<span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/16/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-定义">Half data type 定义</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-运算">Half data type 运算</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-三个步骤">Training in Half 三个步骤</a></li><li><a href="#示例">示例</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-依赖性">Half Type 依赖性</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-定义">Half data type 定义</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-运算">Half data type 运算</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-三个步骤">Training in Half 三个步骤</a></li><li><a href="#示例">示例</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-依赖性">Half Type 依赖性</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/history-singa.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/history-singa.html
index 546ee27..a4102e1 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/history-singa.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/history-singa.html
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
<p>Companies like <a href="http://tech.163.com/17/0602/17/CLUL016I00098GJ5.html">NetEase</a>, <a href="http://www.yzbigdata.com/en/index.html">yzBigData</a>, <a href="https://shentilium.com/">Shentilium</a>, <a href="http://www.foodlg.com/">Foodlg</a> and <a href="https://medilot.com/technologies">Medilot</a> are using SINGA for their applications.</p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="license"></a><a href="#license" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>License</h2>
<p>SINGA is released under <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License Version 2.0</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/history-singa/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/history-singa/index.html
index 546ee27..a4102e1 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/history-singa/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/history-singa/index.html
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
<p>Companies like <a href="http://tech.163.com/17/0602/17/CLUL016I00098GJ5.html">NetEase</a>, <a href="http://www.yzbigdata.com/en/index.html">yzBigData</a>, <a href="https://shentilium.com/">Shentilium</a>, <a href="http://www.foodlg.com/">Foodlg</a> and <a href="https://medilot.com/technologies">Medilot</a> are using SINGA for their applications.</p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="license"></a><a href="#license" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>License</h2>
<p>SINGA is released under <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License Version 2.0</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/how-to-release.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/how-to-release.html
index 8888cd9..518b5a7 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/how-to-release.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/how-to-release.html
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
On behalf of the SINGA team,
{SINGA Team Member Name}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#select-a-release-manager">Select a release manager</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-license-file">Prepare LICENSE file</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-notice-file">Prepare NOTICE file</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-release_notes-file">Prepare RELEASE_NOTES file</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-readme-file">Prepare README file</a></li><li><a href="#package-the-release">Package the release</a></li><li><a href="#upload-the-release">Upload the release</a></li><li><a href="#roll-out-artifacts-to-mirrors">Roll out artifacts to mirrors</a></li><li><a href="#update-the-download-page">Update the Download page</a></li><li><a href="#make-the-internal-announcements">Make the internal announcements</a></li><li><a href="#call-a-vote-in-dev">Call a vote in dev</a></li><li><a href="#vote-check">Vote Check</a></li><li><a href="#vote-result-mail">Vote result mail</a></li><li><a href="#publish-release">Publish release</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#select-a-release-manager">Select a release manager</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-license-file">Prepare LICENSE file</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-notice-file">Prepare NOTICE file</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-release_notes-file">Prepare RELEASE_NOTES file</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-readme-file">Prepare README file</a></li><li><a href="#package-the-release">Package the release</a></li><li><a href="#upload-the-release">Upload the release</a></li><li><a href="#roll-out-artifacts-to-mirrors">Roll out artifacts to mirrors</a></li><li><a href="#update-the-download-page">Update the Download page</a></li><li><a href="#make-the-internal-announcements">Make the internal announcements</a></li><li><a href="#call-a-vote-in-dev">Call a vote in dev</a></li><li><a href="#vote-check">Vote Check</a></li><li><a href="#vote-result-mail">Vote result mail</a></li><li><a href="#publish-release">Publish release</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/how-to-release/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/how-to-release/index.html
index 8888cd9..518b5a7 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/how-to-release/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/how-to-release/index.html
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
On behalf of the SINGA team,
{SINGA Team Member Name}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#select-a-release-manager">Select a release manager</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-license-file">Prepare LICENSE file</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-notice-file">Prepare NOTICE file</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-release_notes-file">Prepare RELEASE_NOTES file</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-readme-file">Prepare README file</a></li><li><a href="#package-the-release">Package the release</a></li><li><a href="#upload-the-release">Upload the release</a></li><li><a href="#roll-out-artifacts-to-mirrors">Roll out artifacts to mirrors</a></li><li><a href="#update-the-download-page">Update the Download page</a></li><li><a href="#make-the-internal-announcements">Make the internal announcements</a></li><li><a href="#call-a-vote-in-dev">Call a vote in dev</a></li><li><a href="#vote-check">Vote Check</a></li><li><a href="#vote-result-mail">Vote result mail</a></li><li><a href="#publish-release">Publish release</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#select-a-release-manager">Select a release manager</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-license-file">Prepare LICENSE file</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-notice-file">Prepare NOTICE file</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-release_notes-file">Prepare RELEASE_NOTES file</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-readme-file">Prepare README file</a></li><li><a href="#package-the-release">Package the release</a></li><li><a href="#upload-the-release">Upload the release</a></li><li><a href="#roll-out-artifacts-to-mirrors">Roll out artifacts to mirrors</a></li><li><a href="#update-the-download-page">Update the Download page</a></li><li><a href="#make-the-internal-announcements">Make the internal announcements</a></li><li><a href="#call-a-vote-in-dev">Call a vote in dev</a></li><li><a href="#vote-check">Vote Check</a></li><li><a href="#vote-result-mail">Vote result mail</a></li><li><a href="#publish-release">Publish release</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/initializer.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/initializer.html
index 07bbe98..bed68e7 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/initializer.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/initializer.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>2.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/2.0.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/2.0.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/initializer.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Initializer</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/initializer/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/initializer/index.html
index 07bbe98..bed68e7 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/initializer/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/initializer/index.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>2.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/2.0.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/2.0.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/initializer.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Initializer</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/install-win.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/install-win.html
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</ul>
<p>A video tutorial for running the unit tests can be found here:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOjwtrvTPn4"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YOjwtrvTPn4/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/install-win/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/install-win/index.html
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+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/install-win/index.html
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@
</ul>
<p>A video tutorial for running the unit tests can be found here:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOjwtrvTPn4"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YOjwtrvTPn4/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/installation.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/installation.html
index 248a668..14ed524 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/installation.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/installation.html
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@
<li><p>Q: When I run SINGA in Mac OS X, I got the error "Fatal Python error: PyThreadState_Get: no current thread Abort trap: 6"</p>
<p>A: This error happens typically when you have multiple versions of Python in your system, e.g, the one comes with the OS and the one installed by Homebrew. The Python linked by SINGA must be the same as the Python interpreter. You can check your interpreter by <code>which python</code> and check the Python linked by SINGA via <code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>. This problem should be resolved if SINGA is installation via conda.</p></li>
</ul>
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#from-conda">From Conda</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/installation/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/installation/index.html
index 248a668..14ed524 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/installation/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/installation/index.html
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@
<li><p>Q: When I run SINGA in Mac OS X, I got the error "Fatal Python error: PyThreadState_Get: no current thread Abort trap: 6"</p>
<p>A: This error happens typically when you have multiple versions of Python in your system, e.g, the one comes with the OS and the one installed by Homebrew. The Python linked by SINGA must be the same as the Python interpreter. You can check your interpreter by <code>which python</code> and check the Python linked by SINGA via <code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>. This problem should be resolved if SINGA is installation via conda.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#from-conda">From Conda</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#from-conda">From Conda</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/issue-tracking.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/issue-tracking.html
index 5690f03..db0b8bf 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/issue-tracking.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/issue-tracking.html
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
<ul>
<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/singa">https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/singa</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/issue-tracking/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/issue-tracking/index.html
index 5690f03..db0b8bf 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/issue-tracking/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/issue-tracking/index.html
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
<ul>
<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/singa">https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/singa</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/layer.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/layer.html
index 25e79e2..c9c6e66 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/layer.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/layer.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>2.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/2.0.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/2.0.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/layer.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Layer</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/layer/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/layer/index.html
index 25e79e2..c9c6e66 100644
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index 7b04f67..9616f3f 100644
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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index 9b542ff..b3bb906 100644
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@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
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index 9b542ff..b3bb906 100644
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+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/mail-lists/index.html
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
<tr><td>Security</td><td><a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">security@singa.apache.org</a></td><td>private</td><td>private</td><td>private</td></tr>
</tbody>
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index fcee916..28125bf 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/metric.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/metric.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>2.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/2.0.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/2.0.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/metric.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Metric</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
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index fcee916..28125bf 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/metric/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/metric/index.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>2.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/2.0.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/2.0.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/metric.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Metric</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-char-rnn.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-char-rnn.html
index 200c60c..e3524bb 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-char-rnn.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-char-rnn.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python sample.py 'model.bin' 100 --seed '#include <std'
</code></pre>
<p>Please replace 'model.bin' with the path to one of the checkpoint paths.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-char-rnn/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-char-rnn/index.html
index 200c60c..e3524bb 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-char-rnn/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-char-rnn/index.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python sample.py 'model.bin' 100 --seed '#include <std'
</code></pre>
<p>Please replace 'model.bin' with the path to one of the checkpoint paths.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html
index 608d9be..1b2c59f 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
<p>The predict.py file's main function provides an example of using the pre-trained alexnet model to do prediction for new images. The 'model.bin' file generated by the training program should be placed at the cifar10 folder to run</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python predict.py
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-char-rnn"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-char-rnn"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10/index.html
index 608d9be..1b2c59f 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10/index.html
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
<p>The predict.py file's main function provides an example of using the pre-trained alexnet model to do prediction for new images. The 'model.bin' file generated by the training program should be placed at the cifar10 folder to run</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python predict.py
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-char-rnn"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-char-rnn"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.html
index bfe761f..811e139 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.html
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
<li><code>-nthreads <int></code>: the number of threads to load data which feed to the model.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet/index.html
index bfe761f..811e139 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet/index.html
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
<li><code>-nthreads <int></code>: the number of threads to load data which feed to the model.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.html
index 6077838..ff5bf74 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.html
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html
index 6077838..ff5bf74 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.html
index 812f2f0..f433444 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.html
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
pickle.dump(params, fd)
</code></pre>
<p>Then we construct the GoogleNet using SINGA's FeedForwardNet structure. Note that we added a EndPadding layer to resolve the issue from discrepancy of the rounding strategy of the pooling layer between Caffe (ceil) and cuDNN (floor). Only the MaxPooling layers outside inception blocks have this problem. Refer to <a href="https://gist.github.com/joelouismarino/a2ede9ab3928f999575423b9887abd14">this</a> for more detials.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html
index 812f2f0..f433444 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
pickle.dump(params, fd)
</code></pre>
<p>Then we construct the GoogleNet using SINGA's FeedForwardNet structure. Note that we added a EndPadding layer to resolve the issue from discrepancy of the rounding strategy of the pooling layer between Caffe (ceil) and cuDNN (floor). Only the MaxPooling layers outside inception blocks have this problem. Refer to <a href="https://gist.github.com/joelouismarino/a2ede9ab3928f999575423b9887abd14">this</a> for more detials.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html
index 5d763f2..b7728ca 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
<p>We first extract the parameter values from <a href="http://download.tensorflow.org/models/inception_v4_2016_09_09.tar.gz">Tensorflow's checkpoint file</a> into a pickle version. After downloading and decompressing the checkpoint file, run the following script</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py --file_name=inception_v4.ckpt</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception/index.html
index 5d763f2..b7728ca 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception/index.html
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
<p>We first extract the parameter values from <a href="http://download.tensorflow.org/models/inception_v4_2016_09_09.tar.gz">Tensorflow's checkpoint file</a> into a pickle version. After downloading and decompressing the checkpoint file, run the following script</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py --file_name=inception_v4.ckpt</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html
index cd8b51d..8a5146c 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">$ <span class="hljs-keyword">python</span> convert.<span class="hljs-keyword">py</span> -h
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet/index.html
index cd8b51d..8a5146c 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet/index.html
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">$ <span class="hljs-keyword">python</span> convert.<span class="hljs-keyword">py</span> -h
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html
index 5806ae1..8fef361 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg/index.html
index 5806ae1..8fef361 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg/index.html
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist.html
index 9e00644..2f2a281 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist.html
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
<p>By default the training code would run on CPU. To run it on a GPU card, please start the program with an additional argument</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python train.py mnist.pkl.gz --use_gpu
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-char-rnn"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#running-instructions">Running instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-char-rnn"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#running-instructions">Running instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html
index 9e00644..2f2a281 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
<p>By default the training code would run on CPU. To run it on a GPU card, please start the program with an additional argument</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python train.py mnist.pkl.gz --use_gpu
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-char-rnn"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#running-instructions">Running instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-char-rnn"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Previous</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet"><span>Next</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#running-instructions">Running instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/onnx.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/onnx.html
index 29ebe1e..ae283e7 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/onnx.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/onnx.html
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@
<li>Neg</li>
<li>Reciprocal</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example-onnx-mnist-on-singa">Example: ONNX mnist on singa</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#load-dataset">Load dataset</a></li><li><a href="#mnist-model">MNIST model</a></li><li><a href="#train-mnist-model-and-export-it-to-onnx">Train mnist model and export it to onnx</a></li><li><a href="#inference">Inference</a></li><li><a href="#re-training">Re-training</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning">Transfer learning</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example-onnx-mnist-on-singa">Example: ONNX mnist on singa</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#load-dataset">Load dataset</a></li><li><a href="#mnist-model">MNIST model</a></li><li><a href="#train-mnist-model-and-export-it-to-onnx">Train mnist model and export it to onnx</a></li><li><a href="#inference">Inference</a></li><li><a href="#re-training">Re-training</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning">Transfer learning</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/onnx/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/onnx/index.html
index 29ebe1e..ae283e7 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/onnx/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/onnx/index.html
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@
<li>Neg</li>
<li>Reciprocal</li>
</ul>
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/optimizer.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/optimizer.html
index a2a322e..4e953a2 100644
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+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/optimizer.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>2.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/2.0.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/2.0.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/optimizer.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Optimizer</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
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<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html
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+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-40">SINGA-40</a> Support sparse Param update</li>
<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-41">SINGA-41</a> Support single node single GPU training</li>
</ul>
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html
index c0f5d6b..1e5ca95 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-40">SINGA-40</a> Support sparse Param update</li>
<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-41">SINGA-41</a> Support single node single GPU training</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html
index c61c48c..fab5005 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-116] Fix a bug in InnerProductLayer caused by weight matrix sharing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html
index c61c48c..fab5005 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-116] Fix a bug in InnerProductLayer caused by weight matrix sharing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html
index be1bcaa..61bb0ec 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-143] The compilation cannot detect libsingagpu.so file</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html
index be1bcaa..61bb0ec 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-143] The compilation cannot detect libsingagpu.so file</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html
index 892a0b2..9eead84 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-172] Add CMake supporting for Cuda and Cudnn libs</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html
index 892a0b2..9eead84 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-172] Add CMake supporting for Cuda and Cudnn libs</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html
index 7ff6e2c..74cbbb5 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-293] Bug from compiling PySINGA on Mac OS X with multiple version of Python</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html
index 7ff6e2c..74cbbb5 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-293] Bug from compiling PySINGA on Mac OS X with multiple version of Python</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html
index f61f3c0..4f6ee15 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-369] the errors of examples in testing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html
index f61f3c0..4f6ee15 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-369] the errors of examples in testing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html
index d1deae4..29c7a2e 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-380] Fix bugs from Reshape</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html
index d1deae4..29c7a2e 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-380] Fix bugs from Reshape</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/security.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/security.html
index 382884b..2312be9 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/security.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/security.html
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
});
</script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/security.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Security</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p>Users can report security vulnerabilities to <a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">SINGA Security Team Mail List</a></p>
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/security/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/security/index.html
index 382884b..2312be9 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/security/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/security/index.html
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
});
</script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/security.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Security</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p>Users can report security vulnerabilities to <a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">SINGA Security Team Mail List</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/software-stack.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/software-stack.html
index fe2b1e2..0f0bf25 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/software-stack.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/software-stack.html
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
<li>Endpoint represents a communication endpoint which provides functions for passing messages to each other.</li>
<li>Message represents communication messages between Endpoint instances. It carries both meta data and payload.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/benchmark-train"><span>Benchmark for Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#core">Core</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#io">IO</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/benchmark-train"><span>Benchmark for Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#core">Core</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#io">IO</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/software-stack/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/software-stack/index.html
index fe2b1e2..0f0bf25 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/software-stack/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/software-stack/index.html
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
<li>Endpoint represents a communication endpoint which provides functions for passing messages to each other.</li>
<li>Message represents communication messages between Endpoint instances. It carries both meta data and payload.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/benchmark-train"><span>Benchmark for Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#core">Core</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#io">IO</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/benchmark-train"><span>Benchmark for Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#core">Core</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#io">IO</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/source-repository.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/source-repository.html
index b2bcf86..ebb3b46 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/source-repository.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/source-repository.html
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
</ul>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git remote set-url origin git@github.com/apache/singa.git
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#web-access">Web Access</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#web-access">Web Access</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/source-repository/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/source-repository/index.html
index b2bcf86..ebb3b46 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/source-repository/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/source-repository/index.html
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
</ul>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git remote set-url origin git@github.com/apache/singa.git
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#web-access">Web Access</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#web-access">Web Access</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/team-list.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/team-list.html
index 7f35f13..91b2bbd 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/team-list.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/team-list.html
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
<tr><td>Jinyang Gao</td><td><a href="mailto:jinyang@apache.org">jinyang@apache.org</a></td><td>DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group</td></tr>
<tr><td>Kaiping Zheng</td><td><a href="mailto:kaiping@apache.org">kaiping@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Kian-Lee Tan</td><td><a href="mailto:tankianlee@apache.org">tankianlee@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
-<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>DePaul University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>Université Grenoble Alpes</td></tr>
<tr><td>Ted Dunning</td><td><a href="mailto:tdunning@apache.org">tdunning@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
<tr><td>Thejas Nair</td><td><a href="mailto:thejas@apache.org">thejas@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
<tr><td>Wei Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangwei@apache.org">wangwei@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
<tr><td>Kaiyuan Yang</td><td><a href="mailto:yangky@comp.nus.edu.sg">yangky@comp.nus.edu.sg</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/team-list/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/team-list/index.html
index 7f35f13..91b2bbd 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/team-list/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/team-list/index.html
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
<tr><td>Jinyang Gao</td><td><a href="mailto:jinyang@apache.org">jinyang@apache.org</a></td><td>DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group</td></tr>
<tr><td>Kaiping Zheng</td><td><a href="mailto:kaiping@apache.org">kaiping@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Kian-Lee Tan</td><td><a href="mailto:tankianlee@apache.org">tankianlee@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
-<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>DePaul University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>Université Grenoble Alpes</td></tr>
<tr><td>Ted Dunning</td><td><a href="mailto:tdunning@apache.org">tdunning@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
<tr><td>Thejas Nair</td><td><a href="mailto:thejas@apache.org">thejas@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
<tr><td>Wei Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangwei@apache.org">wangwei@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
<tr><td>Kaiyuan Yang</td><td><a href="mailto:yangky@comp.nus.edu.sg">yangky@comp.nus.edu.sg</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/tensor.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/tensor.html
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<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#simple-neural-network-example">Simple Neural Network Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor implementation</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#simple-neural-network-example">Simple Neural Network Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor implementation</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/tensor/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/tensor/index.html
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--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/tensor/index.html
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<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#simple-neural-network-example">Simple Neural Network Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor implementation</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/2.0.0/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/2.0.0/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#simple-neural-network-example">Simple Neural Network Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor implementation</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/time-profiling.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/time-profiling.html
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@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
</code></pre>
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#设置时间分析verbosity">设置时间分析Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#不同verbosity的输出示例">不同Verbosity的输出示例</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/time-profiling/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/time-profiling/index.html
index b36d78e..6ba491c 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/time-profiling/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/time-profiling/index.html
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/27/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#设置时间分析verbosity">设置时间分析Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#不同verbosity的输出示例">不同Verbosity的输出示例</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#设置时间分析verbosity">设置时间分析Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#不同verbosity的输出示例">不同Verbosity的输出示例</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-cpu-dev.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-cpu-dev.html
index b027e40..badbd82 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-cpu-dev.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-cpu-dev.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html
index b027e40..badbd82 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-cpu.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-cpu.html
index 2255949..1b06529 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-cpu.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-cpu.html
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-cpu/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-cpu/index.html
index 2255949..1b06529 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-cpu/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-cpu/index.html
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-gpu-dev.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-gpu-dev.html
index bc70f25..478ac29 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-gpu-dev.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-gpu-dev.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
index bc70f25..478ac29 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-gpu.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-gpu.html
index aea177b..8637e56 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-gpu.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-gpu.html
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-gpu/index.html b/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-gpu/index.html
index aea177b..8637e56 100644
--- a/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-gpu/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/2.0.0/wheel-gpu/index.html
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/autograd.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/autograd.html
index 18da129..d9502f4 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/autograd.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/autograd.html
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
<p>Refer
<a href="https://singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/docs/autograd.html#module-singa.autograd">here</a>
for more details of Python API.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-module-api">Using the Module API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-module-api">Using the Module API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/autograd/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/autograd/index.html
index 18da129..d9502f4 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/autograd/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/autograd/index.html
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
<p>Refer
<a href="https://singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/docs/autograd.html#module-singa.autograd">here</a>
for more details of Python API.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-module-api">Using the Module API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-module-api">Using the Module API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/benchmark-train.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/benchmark-train.html
index 2640792..d3c5e39 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/benchmark-train.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/benchmark-train.html
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
the server.</p>
<p><img src="/docs/assets/benchmark.png" alt="Benchmark Experiments"> <br/> <strong>Scalability test. Bars
are for the throughput; lines are for the communication cost.</strong></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/benchmark-train/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/benchmark-train/index.html
index 2640792..d3c5e39 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/benchmark-train/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/benchmark-train/index.html
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
the server.</p>
<p><img src="/docs/assets/benchmark.png" alt="Benchmark Experiments"> <br/> <strong>Scalability test. Bars
are for the throughput; lines are for the communication cost.</strong></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/build.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/build.html
index d66fe71..5808eb4 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/build.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/build.html
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@
to change the python interpreter, e.g., reset the $PATH to put the correct
path of Python at the front position.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/build/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/build/index.html
index d66fe71..5808eb4 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/build/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/build/index.html
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@
to change the python interpreter, e.g., reset the $PATH to put the correct
path of Python at the front position.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-code.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-code.html
index 9fcbca6..e0fceb2 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-code.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-code.html
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="workflow"></a><a href="#workflow" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Workflow</h2>
<p>Please refer to the <a href="./git-workflow">git workflow page</a>.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-code/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-code/index.html
index 9fcbca6..e0fceb2 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-code/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-code/index.html
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="workflow"></a><a href="#workflow" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Workflow</h2>
<p>Please refer to the <a href="./git-workflow">git workflow page</a>.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-docs.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-docs.html
index 2072889..219e5d9 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-docs.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-docs.html
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
"description": "# spell check only for cpp comments"
}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#markdown-files">Markdown Files</a></li><li><a href="#api-references">API References</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#spell-check">Spell Check</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#markdown-files">Markdown Files</a></li><li><a href="#api-references">API References</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#spell-check">Spell Check</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-docs/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-docs/index.html
index 2072889..219e5d9 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-docs/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-docs/index.html
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
"description": "# spell check only for cpp comments"
}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#markdown-files">Markdown Files</a></li><li><a href="#api-references">API References</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#spell-check">Spell Check</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#markdown-files">Markdown Files</a></li><li><a href="#api-references">API References</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#spell-check">Spell Check</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/device.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/device.html
index 182103d..39b2b5a 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/device.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/device.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
ary1 = device.create_cuda_gpus(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices, starting from ID 0</span>
ary2 = device.create_cuda_gpus([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices on ID 0 and 2</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/device/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/device/index.html
index 182103d..39b2b5a 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/device/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/device/index.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
ary1 = device.create_cuda_gpus(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices, starting from ID 0</span>
ary2 = device.create_cuda_gpus([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices on ID 0 and 2</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/dist-train.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/dist-train.html
index 83e4eb9..6ea05ae 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/dist-train.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/dist-train.html
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@
partitioned training data. Once the sub-gradient is calculated on each
processes, the overall stochastic gradient is obtained by all-reducing the
sub-gradients evaluated by all processes.</p>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/dist-train/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/dist-train/index.html
index 83e4eb9..6ea05ae 100644
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partitioned training data. Once the sub-gradient is calculated on each
processes, the overall stochastic gradient is obtained by all-reducing the
sub-gradients evaluated by all processes.</p>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/downloads.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/downloads.html
index 529887b..491f503 100644
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+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/downloads.html
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@
stability of the code, it does indicate that the project has yet to be fully
endorsed by the ASF.</p>
</blockquote>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/22/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/build"><span>Build SINGA from Source</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#verify">Verify</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v200-20-april-2019">Incubating v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018">Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017">Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016">Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016">Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016">Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/22/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/build"><span>Build SINGA from Source</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#verify">Verify</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v200-20-april-2019">Incubating v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018">Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017">Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016">Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016">Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016">Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/downloads/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/downloads/index.html
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+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/downloads/index.html
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@
stability of the code, it does indicate that the project has yet to be fully
endorsed by the ASF.</p>
</blockquote>
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/22/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/build"><span>Build SINGA from Source</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#verify">Verify</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v200-20-april-2019">Incubating v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018">Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017">Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016">Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016">Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016">Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/examples.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/examples.html
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+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/examples.html
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
<li>Restricted Boltzmann Machine over the MNIST dataset, <a href="">source</a>,
<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19996noGu9JyHHkVmp4edBGu7PJSRQKsd">Colab</a>.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/examples/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/examples/index.html
index 403d514..45a8165 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/examples/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/examples/index.html
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
<li>Restricted Boltzmann Machine over the MNIST dataset, <a href="">source</a>,
<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19996noGu9JyHHkVmp4edBGu7PJSRQKsd">Colab</a>.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/git-workflow.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/git-workflow.html
index c6db9c6..c88e051 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/git-workflow.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/git-workflow.html
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
</code></pre>
<p>Do not use rebase to merge the PR; and disable fast forward.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/git-workflow/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/git-workflow/index.html
index c6db9c6..c88e051 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/git-workflow/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/git-workflow/index.html
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
</code></pre>
<p>Do not use rebase to merge the PR; and disable fast forward.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/graph.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/graph.html
index 7b8d4f9..5ba838d 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/graph.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/graph.html
@@ -623,7 +623,7 @@
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dx;
}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#about-computational-graph">About Computational Graph</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#pipeline">Pipeline</a></li><li><a href="#an-example-of-mlp">An example of MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#features">Features</a></li><li><a href="#how-to-use">How to use</a></li><li><a href="#experiments">Experiments</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#computational-graph-construction">Computational graph construction</a></li><li><a href="#lazy-allocation">Lazy allocation</a></li><li><a href="#automatic-recycling">Automatic recycling</a></li><li><a href="#shared-memory">Shared memory</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#how-to-add-a-new-operation">How to add a new operation</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#about-computational-graph">About Computational Graph</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#pipeline">Pipeline</a></li><li><a href="#an-example-of-mlp">An example of MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#features">Features</a></li><li><a href="#how-to-use">How to use</a></li><li><a href="#experiments">Experiments</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#computational-graph-construction">Computational graph construction</a></li><li><a href="#lazy-allocation">Lazy allocation</a></li><li><a href="#automatic-recycling">Automatic recycling</a></li><li><a href="#shared-memory">Shared memory</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#how-to-add-a-new-operation">How to add a new operation</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/graph/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/graph/index.html
index 7b8d4f9..5ba838d 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/graph/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/graph/index.html
@@ -623,7 +623,7 @@
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dx;
}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#about-computational-graph">About Computational Graph</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#pipeline">Pipeline</a></li><li><a href="#an-example-of-mlp">An example of MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#features">Features</a></li><li><a href="#how-to-use">How to use</a></li><li><a href="#experiments">Experiments</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#computational-graph-construction">Computational graph construction</a></li><li><a href="#lazy-allocation">Lazy allocation</a></li><li><a href="#automatic-recycling">Automatic recycling</a></li><li><a href="#shared-memory">Shared memory</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#how-to-add-a-new-operation">How to add a new operation</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#about-computational-graph">About Computational Graph</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#pipeline">Pipeline</a></li><li><a href="#an-example-of-mlp">An example of MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#features">Features</a></li><li><a href="#how-to-use">How to use</a></li><li><a href="#experiments">Experiments</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#computational-graph-construction">Computational graph construction</a></li><li><a href="#lazy-allocation">Lazy allocation</a></li><li><a href="#automatic-recycling">Automatic recycling</a></li><li><a href="#shared-memory">Shared memory</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#how-to-add-a-new-operation">How to add a new operation</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/half-precision.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/half-precision.html
index 1e51521..24acd6a 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/half-precision.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/half-precision.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
<span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/16/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-定义">Half data type 定义</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-运算">Half data type 运算</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-三个步骤">Training in Half 三个步骤</a></li><li><a href="#示例">示例</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-依赖性">Half Type 依赖性</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-定义">Half data type 定义</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-运算">Half data type 运算</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-三个步骤">Training in Half 三个步骤</a></li><li><a href="#示例">示例</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-依赖性">Half Type 依赖性</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/half-precision/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/half-precision/index.html
index 1e51521..24acd6a 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/half-precision/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/half-precision/index.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
<span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/16/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-定义">Half data type 定义</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-运算">Half data type 运算</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-三个步骤">Training in Half 三个步骤</a></li><li><a href="#示例">示例</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-依赖性">Half Type 依赖性</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-定义">Half data type 定义</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-运算">Half data type 运算</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-三个步骤">Training in Half 三个步骤</a></li><li><a href="#示例">示例</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-依赖性">Half Type 依赖性</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/history-singa.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/history-singa.html
index 33224e3..3e58ab5 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/history-singa.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/history-singa.html
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="license"></a><a href="#license" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>License</h2>
<p>SINGA is released under
<a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License Version 2.0</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/history-singa/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/history-singa/index.html
index 33224e3..3e58ab5 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/history-singa/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/history-singa/index.html
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="license"></a><a href="#license" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>License</h2>
<p>SINGA is released under
<a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License Version 2.0</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/how-to-release.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/how-to-release.html
index a0901b4..610f6d4 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/how-to-release.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/how-to-release.html
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
On behalf of the SINGA team, {SINGA Team Member Name}
</code></pre></li>
</ol>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/how-to-release/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/how-to-release/index.html
index a0901b4..610f6d4 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/how-to-release/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/how-to-release/index.html
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
On behalf of the SINGA team, {SINGA Team Member Name}
</code></pre></li>
</ol>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/initializer.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/initializer.html
index 3f06dd8..619e286 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/initializer.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/initializer.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.0.0.rc1</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/initializer.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Initializer</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/initializer/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/initializer/index.html
index 3f06dd8..619e286 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/initializer/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/initializer/index.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.0.0.rc1</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/initializer.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Initializer</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/install-win.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/install-win.html
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+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/install-win.html
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@
</ul>
<p>A video tutorial for running the unit tests can be found here:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOjwtrvTPn4"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YOjwtrvTPn4/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/install-win/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/install-win/index.html
index 129d197..e59f7e2 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/install-win/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/install-win/index.html
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@
</ul>
<p>A video tutorial for running the unit tests can be found here:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOjwtrvTPn4"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YOjwtrvTPn4/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/installation.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/installation.html
index ffb8306..fcde9a7 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/installation.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/installation.html
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@
via <code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>. This problem should be resolved if
SINGA is installation via conda.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#from-conda">From Conda</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#from-conda">From Conda</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/installation/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/installation/index.html
index ffb8306..fcde9a7 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/installation/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/installation/index.html
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@
via <code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>. This problem should be resolved if
SINGA is installation via conda.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#from-conda">From Conda</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#from-conda">From Conda</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/issue-tracking.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/issue-tracking.html
index e6ca9bf..f551a91 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/issue-tracking.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/issue-tracking.html
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
<p>SINGA used <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/singa">JIRA</a> to manage issues
including bugs, new features and discussions.</p>
<p>We are now moving to <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/issues">Github Issues</a>.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/issue-tracking/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/issue-tracking/index.html
index e6ca9bf..f551a91 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/issue-tracking/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/issue-tracking/index.html
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
<p>SINGA used <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/singa">JIRA</a> to manage issues
including bugs, new features and discussions.</p>
<p>We are now moving to <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/issues">Github Issues</a>.</p>
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</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.0.0.rc1</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/loss.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Loss</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/loss/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/loss/index.html
index 9320da3..29908b4 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/loss/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/loss/index.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.0.0.rc1</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/loss.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Loss</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/mail-lists.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/mail-lists.html
index 89a9fa5..e423077 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/mail-lists.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/mail-lists.html
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<tr><td>Security</td><td><a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">security@singa.apache.org</a></td><td>private</td><td>private</td><td>private</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/source-repository"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Source Repository</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/issue-tracking"><span>Issue Tracking</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/mail-lists/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/mail-lists/index.html
index 89a9fa5..e423077 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/mail-lists/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/mail-lists/index.html
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<tr><td>Security</td><td><a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">security@singa.apache.org</a></td><td>private</td><td>private</td><td>private</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/metric.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/metric.html
index 9524adb..6735e51 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/metric.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/metric.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.0.0.rc1</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/metric.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Metric</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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index 9524adb..6735e51 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/metric/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/metric/index.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.0.0.rc1</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/metric.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Metric</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-char-rnn.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-char-rnn.html
index 94c9733..d3b6870 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-char-rnn.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-char-rnn.html
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python sample.py 'model.bin' 100 --seed '#include <std'
</code></pre>
<p>Please replace 'model.bin' with the path to one of the checkpoint paths.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-char-rnn/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-char-rnn/index.html
index 94c9733..d3b6870 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-char-rnn/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-char-rnn/index.html
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python sample.py 'model.bin' 100 --seed '#include <std'
</code></pre>
<p>Please replace 'model.bin' with the path to one of the checkpoint paths.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html
index 767227e..1563fa3 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
<p>The predict.py file's main function provides an example of using the pre-trained alexnet model to do prediction for new images. The 'model.bin' file generated by the training program should be placed at the cifar10 folder to run</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python predict.py
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10/index.html
index 767227e..1563fa3 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10/index.html
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
<p>The predict.py file's main function provides an example of using the pre-trained alexnet model to do prediction for new images. The 'model.bin' file generated by the training program should be placed at the cifar10 folder to run</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python predict.py
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.html
index 109dae0..b663c89 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.html
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
<li><code>-nthreads <int></code>: the number of threads to load data which feed to the model.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet/index.html
index 109dae0..b663c89 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet/index.html
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
<li><code>-nthreads <int></code>: the number of threads to load data which feed to the model.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.html
index ffbb6c6..3e5a849 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.html
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html
index ffbb6c6..3e5a849 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.html
index fb99daf..ad2a0ec 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.html
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
pickle.dump(params, fd)
</code></pre>
<p>Then we construct the GoogleNet using SINGA's FeedForwardNet structure. Note that we added a EndPadding layer to resolve the issue from discrepancy of the rounding strategy of the pooling layer between Caffe (ceil) and cuDNN (floor). Only the MaxPooling layers outside inception blocks have this problem. Refer to <a href="https://gist.github.com/joelouismarino/a2ede9ab3928f999575423b9887abd14">this</a> for more detials.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html
index fb99daf..ad2a0ec 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
pickle.dump(params, fd)
</code></pre>
<p>Then we construct the GoogleNet using SINGA's FeedForwardNet structure. Note that we added a EndPadding layer to resolve the issue from discrepancy of the rounding strategy of the pooling layer between Caffe (ceil) and cuDNN (floor). Only the MaxPooling layers outside inception blocks have this problem. Refer to <a href="https://gist.github.com/joelouismarino/a2ede9ab3928f999575423b9887abd14">this</a> for more detials.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html
index 6dc9616..668d1c1 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
<p>We first extract the parameter values from <a href="http://download.tensorflow.org/models/inception_v4_2016_09_09.tar.gz">Tensorflow's checkpoint file</a> into a pickle version. After downloading and decompressing the checkpoint file, run the following script</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py --file_name=inception_v4.ckpt</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-inception/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-inception/index.html
index 6dc9616..668d1c1 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-inception/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-inception/index.html
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
<p>We first extract the parameter values from <a href="http://download.tensorflow.org/models/inception_v4_2016_09_09.tar.gz">Tensorflow's checkpoint file</a> into a pickle version. After downloading and decompressing the checkpoint file, run the following script</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py --file_name=inception_v4.ckpt</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html
index 8996f71..84a83ec 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">$ <span class="hljs-keyword">python</span> convert.<span class="hljs-keyword">py</span> -h
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet/index.html
index 8996f71..84a83ec 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet/index.html
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">$ <span class="hljs-keyword">python</span> convert.<span class="hljs-keyword">py</span> -h
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html
index 756128d..bd31b74 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg/index.html
index 756128d..bd31b74 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg/index.html
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-rbm-mnist.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-rbm-mnist.html
index ab433c6..3a16f88 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-rbm-mnist.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-rbm-mnist.html
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
<p>By default the training code would run on CPU. To run it on a GPU card, please start the program with an additional argument</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python train.py mnist.pkl.gz --use_gpu
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#running-instructions">Running instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#running-instructions">Running instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html
index ab433c6..3a16f88 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
<p>By default the training code would run on CPU. To run it on a GPU card, please start the program with an additional argument</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python train.py mnist.pkl.gz --use_gpu
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#running-instructions">Running instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#running-instructions">Running instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/onnx.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/onnx.html
index 916baf4..c7990f8 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/onnx.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/onnx.html
@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@
queue. The user can use <code>last_layers</code> to decide to run the model till the last
few layers. Set <code>all_outputs</code> as <code>False</code> to get only the final output, <code>True</code> to
also get all the intermediate output.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/5/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inferernce-singa-model">Inferernce SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-an-onnx-model-from-singa">Saving an ONNX Model from SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-a-onnx-model">Re-training a ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-a-onnx-model">Transfer-learning a ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#example-onnx-mnist-on-singa">Example: ONNX mnist on SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#load-dataset">Load dataset</a></li><li><a href="#mnist-model">MNIST model</a></li><li><a href="#train-mnist-model-and-export-it-to-onnx">Train mnist model and export it to onnx</a></li><li><a href="#inference">Inference</a></li><li><a href="#re-training">Re-training</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning">Transfer learning</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/5/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inferernce-singa-model">Inferernce SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-an-onnx-model-from-singa">Saving an ONNX Model from SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-a-onnx-model">Re-training a ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-a-onnx-model">Transfer-learning a ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#example-onnx-mnist-on-singa">Example: ONNX mnist on SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#load-dataset">Load dataset</a></li><li><a href="#mnist-model">MNIST model</a></li><li><a href="#train-mnist-model-and-export-it-to-onnx">Train mnist model and export it to onnx</a></li><li><a href="#inference">Inference</a></li><li><a href="#re-training">Re-training</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning">Transfer learning</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/onnx/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/onnx/index.html
index 916baf4..c7990f8 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/onnx/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/onnx/index.html
@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@
queue. The user can use <code>last_layers</code> to decide to run the model till the last
few layers. Set <code>all_outputs</code> as <code>False</code> to get only the final output, <code>True</code> to
also get all the intermediate output.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/5/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inferernce-singa-model">Inferernce SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-an-onnx-model-from-singa">Saving an ONNX Model from SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-a-onnx-model">Re-training a ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-a-onnx-model">Transfer-learning a ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#example-onnx-mnist-on-singa">Example: ONNX mnist on SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#load-dataset">Load dataset</a></li><li><a href="#mnist-model">MNIST model</a></li><li><a href="#train-mnist-model-and-export-it-to-onnx">Train mnist model and export it to onnx</a></li><li><a href="#inference">Inference</a></li><li><a href="#re-training">Re-training</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning">Transfer learning</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/optimizer.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/optimizer.html
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</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.0.0.rc1</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/optimizer.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Optimizer</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/optimizer/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/optimizer/index.html
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</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.0.0.rc1</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/optimizer.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Optimizer</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html
index 1df4eaf..95afad8 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-41">SINGA-41</a> Support single node
single GPU training</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html
index 1df4eaf..95afad8 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-41">SINGA-41</a> Support single node
single GPU training</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html
index 4b6d228..09ea06e 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-116] Fix a bug in InnerProductLayer caused by weight matrix sharing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html
index 4b6d228..09ea06e 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-116] Fix a bug in InnerProductLayer caused by weight matrix sharing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html
index da48698..7ee3096 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-143] The compilation cannot detect libsingagpu.so file</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html
index da48698..7ee3096 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-143] The compilation cannot detect libsingagpu.so file</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html
index b684e07..48fe210 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-172] Add CMake supporting for Cuda and Cudnn libs</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html
index b684e07..48fe210 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-172] Add CMake supporting for Cuda and Cudnn libs</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html
index 49cfa69..1ed1cb3 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
Python</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html
index 49cfa69..1ed1cb3 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
Python</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html
index dabe8cf..360b630 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-369] the errors of examples in testing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html
index dabe8cf..360b630 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-369] the errors of examples in testing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html
index f6f48d8..6162345 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-380] Fix bugs from Reshape</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html
index f6f48d8..6162345 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-380] Fix bugs from Reshape</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html
index dc2bc5a..a16a770 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1/index.html
index dc2bc5a..a16a770 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1/index.html
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/security.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/security.html
index 820c0d9..9c00d30 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/security.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/security.html
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
</script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/security.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Security</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p>Users can report security vulnerabilities to
<a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">SINGA Security Team Mail List</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/security/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/security/index.html
index 820c0d9..9c00d30 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/security/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/security/index.html
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
</script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/security.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Security</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p>Users can report security vulnerabilities to
<a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">SINGA Security Team Mail List</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/software-stack.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/software-stack.html
index 485d41b..b37cb52 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/software-stack.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/software-stack.html
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@
<li>SingaBackend for loading onnx format model into SINGA for training and
inference.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#module">Module</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#module">Module</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/software-stack/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/software-stack/index.html
index 485d41b..b37cb52 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/software-stack/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/software-stack/index.html
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@
<li>SingaBackend for loading onnx format model into SINGA for training and
inference.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#module">Module</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#module">Module</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/source-repository.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/source-repository.html
index 0d03f81..7ac2a4f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/source-repository.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/source-repository.html
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
<p>The code can be cloned from either repo, e.g.,</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/source-repository/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/source-repository/index.html
index 0d03f81..7ac2a4f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/source-repository/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/source-repository/index.html
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
<p>The code can be cloned from either repo, e.g.,</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/team-list.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/team-list.html
index 1a80595..bf4ca9e 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/team-list.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/team-list.html
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
<tr><td>Zhaojing Luo</td><td><a href="mailto:zhaojing@apache.org">zhaojing@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Thejas Nair</td><td><a href="mailto:thejas@apache.org">thejas@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
<tr><td>Beng Chin Ooi</td><td><a href="mailto:ooibc@apache.org">ooibc@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
-<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>DePaul University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>Université Grenoble Alpes</td></tr>
<tr><td>Kian-Lee Tan</td><td><a href="mailto:tankianlee@apache.org">tankianlee@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Wei Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangwei@apache.org">wangwei@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Meihui Zhang</td><td><a href="mailto:meihuizhang@apache.org">meihuizhang@apache.org</a></td><td>Beijing Institute of Technology</td></tr>
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
<tr><td>Rulin Xing</td><td><a href="mailto:xjdkcsq3@gmail.com">xjdkcsq3@gmail.com</a></td><td>Huazhong University of Science and Technology</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/team-list/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/team-list/index.html
index 1a80595..bf4ca9e 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/team-list/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/team-list/index.html
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
<tr><td>Zhaojing Luo</td><td><a href="mailto:zhaojing@apache.org">zhaojing@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Thejas Nair</td><td><a href="mailto:thejas@apache.org">thejas@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
<tr><td>Beng Chin Ooi</td><td><a href="mailto:ooibc@apache.org">ooibc@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
-<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>DePaul University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>Université Grenoble Alpes</td></tr>
<tr><td>Kian-Lee Tan</td><td><a href="mailto:tankianlee@apache.org">tankianlee@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Wei Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangwei@apache.org">wangwei@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Meihui Zhang</td><td><a href="mailto:meihuizhang@apache.org">meihuizhang@apache.org</a></td><td>Beijing Institute of Technology</td></tr>
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
<tr><td>Rulin Xing</td><td><a href="mailto:xjdkcsq3@gmail.com">xjdkcsq3@gmail.com</a></td><td>Huazhong University of Science and Technology</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/tensor.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/tensor.html
index 773dcc8..a0f8d35 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/tensor.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/tensor.html
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/3/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#simple-neural-network-example">Simple Neural Network Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/3/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#simple-neural-network-example">Simple Neural Network Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/tensor/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/tensor/index.html
index 773dcc8..a0f8d35 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/tensor/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/tensor/index.html
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/3/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#simple-neural-network-example">Simple Neural Network Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/3/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#simple-neural-network-example">Simple Neural Network Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/time-profiling.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/time-profiling.html
index 220e655..5a09bab 100644
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@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
</code></pre>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/time-profiling/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/time-profiling/index.html
index 220e655..5a09bab 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/time-profiling/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/time-profiling/index.html
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/27/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#设置时间分析verbosity">设置时间分析Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#不同verbosity的输出示例">不同Verbosity的输出示例</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#设置时间分析verbosity">设置时间分析Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#不同verbosity的输出示例">不同Verbosity的输出示例</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-cpu-dev.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-cpu-dev.html
index f107e3e..8a81014 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-cpu-dev.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-cpu-dev.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html
index f107e3e..8a81014 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-cpu.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-cpu.html
index 5004034..b7d58ff 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-cpu.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-cpu.html
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-cpu/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-cpu/index.html
index 5004034..b7d58ff 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-cpu/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-cpu/index.html
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-gpu-dev.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-gpu-dev.html
index 99a0e09..1459318 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-gpu-dev.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-gpu-dev.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
index 99a0e09..1459318 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-gpu.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-gpu.html
index 7fe4246..89d171f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-gpu.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-gpu.html
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-gpu/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-gpu/index.html
index 7fe4246..89d171f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-gpu/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0.rc1/wheel-gpu/index.html
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/autograd.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/autograd.html
index 869c27b..42c4525 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/autograd.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/autograd.html
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
<p>Refer
<a href="https://singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/docs/autograd.html#module-singa.autograd">here</a>
for more details of Python API.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-module-api">Using the Module API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-module-api">Using the Module API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/autograd/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/autograd/index.html
index 869c27b..42c4525 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/autograd/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/autograd/index.html
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
<p>Refer
<a href="https://singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/docs/autograd.html#module-singa.autograd">here</a>
for more details of Python API.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-module-api">Using the Module API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-module-api">Using the Module API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/benchmark-train.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/benchmark-train.html
index d69dedb..21fe7ca 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/benchmark-train.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/benchmark-train.html
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
the server.</p>
<p><img src="/docs/assets/benchmark.png" alt="Benchmark Experiments"> <br/> <strong>Scalability test. Bars
are for the throughput; lines are for the communication cost.</strong></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/benchmark-train/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/benchmark-train/index.html
index d69dedb..21fe7ca 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/benchmark-train/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/benchmark-train/index.html
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
the server.</p>
<p><img src="/docs/assets/benchmark.png" alt="Benchmark Experiments"> <br/> <strong>Scalability test. Bars
are for the throughput; lines are for the communication cost.</strong></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/build.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/build.html
index 2dc9e15..5652330 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/build.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/build.html
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@
to change the python interpreter, e.g., reset the $PATH to put the correct
path of Python at the front position.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/build/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/build/index.html
index 2dc9e15..5652330 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/build/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/build/index.html
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@
to change the python interpreter, e.g., reset the $PATH to put the correct
path of Python at the front position.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/contribute-code.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/contribute-code.html
index a48649c..6b54c6b 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/contribute-code.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/contribute-code.html
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="workflow"></a><a href="#workflow" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Workflow</h2>
<p>Please refer to the <a href="./git-workflow">git workflow page</a>.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/13/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/13/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/contribute-code/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/contribute-code/index.html
index a48649c..6b54c6b 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/contribute-code/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/contribute-code/index.html
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="workflow"></a><a href="#workflow" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Workflow</h2>
<p>Please refer to the <a href="./git-workflow">git workflow page</a>.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/13/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/13/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/contribute-docs.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/contribute-docs.html
index c5d05a0..d6a1ba2 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/contribute-docs.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/contribute-docs.html
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
"description": "# spell check only for cpp comments"
}
</code></pre>
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#markdown-files">Markdown Files</a></li><li><a href="#api-references">API References</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#spell-check">Spell Check</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/contribute-docs/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/contribute-docs/index.html
index c5d05a0..d6a1ba2 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/contribute-docs/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/contribute-docs/index.html
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
"description": "# spell check only for cpp comments"
}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#markdown-files">Markdown Files</a></li><li><a href="#api-references">API References</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#spell-check">Spell Check</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#markdown-files">Markdown Files</a></li><li><a href="#api-references">API References</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#spell-check">Spell Check</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/device.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/device.html
index 92242dc..9eb0e2a 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/device.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/device.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
ary1 = device.create_cuda_gpus(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices, starting from ID 0</span>
ary2 = device.create_cuda_gpus([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices on ID 0 and 2</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/device/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/device/index.html
index 92242dc..9eb0e2a 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/device/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/device/index.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
ary1 = device.create_cuda_gpus(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices, starting from ID 0</span>
ary2 = device.create_cuda_gpus([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices on ID 0 and 2</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/dist-train.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/dist-train.html
index d5bfc8f..a3b402d 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/dist-train.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/dist-train.html
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@
partitioned training data. Once the sub-gradient is calculated on each
processes, the overall stochastic gradient is obtained by all-reducing the
sub-gradients evaluated by all processes.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/onnx"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>ONNX</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example-code">Example Code</a></li><li><a href="#execution-instruction">Execution Instruction</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#optimizations-for-distributed-training">Optimizations for Distributed Training</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#no-optimizations">No Optimizations</a></li><li><a href="#half-precision-gradients">Half-precision Gradients</a></li><li><a href="#partial-synchronization">Partial Synchronization</a></li><li><a href="#gradient-sparsification">Gradient Sparsification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#c-interface-for-nccl-communicator">C interface for NCCL communicator</a></li><li><a href="#python-interface-for-distopt">Python interface for DistOpt</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/onnx"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>ONNX</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example-code">Example Code</a></li><li><a href="#execution-instruction">Execution Instruction</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#optimizations-for-distributed-training">Optimizations for Distributed Training</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#no-optimizations">No Optimizations</a></li><li><a href="#half-precision-gradients">Half-precision Gradients</a></li><li><a href="#partial-synchronization">Partial Synchronization</a></li><li><a href="#gradient-sparsification">Gradient Sparsification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#c-interface-for-nccl-communicator">C interface for NCCL communicator</a></li><li><a href="#python-interface-for-distopt">Python interface for DistOpt</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/dist-train/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/dist-train/index.html
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partitioned training data. Once the sub-gradient is calculated on each
processes, the overall stochastic gradient is obtained by all-reducing the
sub-gradients evaluated by all processes.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/onnx"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>ONNX</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example-code">Example Code</a></li><li><a href="#execution-instruction">Execution Instruction</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#optimizations-for-distributed-training">Optimizations for Distributed Training</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#no-optimizations">No Optimizations</a></li><li><a href="#half-precision-gradients">Half-precision Gradients</a></li><li><a href="#partial-synchronization">Partial Synchronization</a></li><li><a href="#gradient-sparsification">Gradient Sparsification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#c-interface-for-nccl-communicator">C interface for NCCL communicator</a></li><li><a href="#python-interface-for-distopt">Python interface for DistOpt</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/onnx"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>ONNX</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example-code">Example Code</a></li><li><a href="#execution-instruction">Execution Instruction</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#optimizations-for-distributed-training">Optimizations for Distributed Training</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#no-optimizations">No Optimizations</a></li><li><a href="#half-precision-gradients">Half-precision Gradients</a></li><li><a href="#partial-synchronization">Partial Synchronization</a></li><li><a href="#gradient-sparsification">Gradient Sparsification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#c-interface-for-nccl-communicator">C interface for NCCL communicator</a></li><li><a href="#python-interface-for-distopt">Python interface for DistOpt</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/downloads.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/downloads.html
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--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/downloads.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/downloads.html
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@
<li>Unit test using gtest</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/22/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/build"><span>Build SINGA from Source</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#verify">Verify</a></li><li><a href="#v300-18-april-2020">V3.0.0 (18 April 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v200-20-april-2019">Incubating v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018">Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017">Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016">Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016">Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016">Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/22/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/build"><span>Build SINGA from Source</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#verify">Verify</a></li><li><a href="#v300-18-april-2020">V3.0.0 (18 April 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v200-20-april-2019">Incubating v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018">Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017">Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016">Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016">Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016">Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/downloads/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/downloads/index.html
index 3754bf1..85102c4 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/downloads/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/downloads/index.html
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@
<li>Unit test using gtest</li>
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/22/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/build"><span>Build SINGA from Source</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#verify">Verify</a></li><li><a href="#v300-18-april-2020">V3.0.0 (18 April 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v200-20-april-2019">Incubating v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018">Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017">Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016">Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016">Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016">Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/examples.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/examples.html
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+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/examples.html
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
<li>Restricted Boltzmann Machine over the MNIST dataset, <a href="">source</a>,
<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19996noGu9JyHHkVmp4edBGu7PJSRQKsd">Colab</a>.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/examples/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/examples/index.html
index de3572f..b085e18 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/examples/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/examples/index.html
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
<li>Restricted Boltzmann Machine over the MNIST dataset, <a href="">source</a>,
<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19996noGu9JyHHkVmp4edBGu7PJSRQKsd">Colab</a>.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/git-workflow.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/git-workflow.html
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--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/git-workflow.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/git-workflow.html
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
</code></pre>
<p>Do not use rebase to merge the PR; and disable fast forward.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/git-workflow/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/git-workflow/index.html
index dea9252..e85103d 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/git-workflow/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/git-workflow/index.html
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
</code></pre>
<p>Do not use rebase to merge the PR; and disable fast forward.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/graph.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/graph.html
index 3c48382..a5fac30 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/graph.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/graph.html
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@
<li>Currently, there is a little improvement in terms of speed. More optimizations
can be done towards the efficiency.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/13/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/13/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/graph/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/graph/index.html
index 3c48382..a5fac30 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/graph/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/graph/index.html
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@
<li>Currently, there is a little improvement in terms of speed. More optimizations
can be done towards the efficiency.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/13/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/13/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/half-precision.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/half-precision.html
index 9280640..bb63ea2 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/half-precision.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/half-precision.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
<span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
}
</code></pre>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/half-precision/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/half-precision/index.html
index 9280640..bb63ea2 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/half-precision/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/half-precision/index.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
<span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/16/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-定义">Half data type 定义</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-运算">Half data type 运算</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-三个步骤">Training in Half 三个步骤</a></li><li><a href="#示例">示例</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-依赖性">Half Type 依赖性</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-定义">Half data type 定义</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-运算">Half data type 运算</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-三个步骤">Training in Half 三个步骤</a></li><li><a href="#示例">示例</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-依赖性">Half Type 依赖性</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/history-singa.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/history-singa.html
index 64ac350..7532d26 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/history-singa.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/history-singa.html
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="license"></a><a href="#license" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>License</h2>
<p>SINGA is released under
<a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License Version 2.0</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/history-singa/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/history-singa/index.html
index 64ac350..7532d26 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/history-singa/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/history-singa/index.html
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="license"></a><a href="#license" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>License</h2>
<p>SINGA is released under
<a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License Version 2.0</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/how-to-release.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/how-to-release.html
index ae16a1c..99c43b8 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/how-to-release.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/how-to-release.html
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@
On behalf of the SINGA team, {SINGA Team Member Name}
</code></pre></li>
</ol>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/how-to-release/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/how-to-release/index.html
index ae16a1c..99c43b8 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/how-to-release/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/how-to-release/index.html
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@
On behalf of the SINGA team, {SINGA Team Member Name}
</code></pre></li>
</ol>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/13/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/initializer.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/initializer.html
index c3c9e7f..8078ec7 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/initializer.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/initializer.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/initializer.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Initializer</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
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<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/install-win.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/install-win.html
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@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@
</ul>
<p>A video tutorial for running the unit tests can be found here:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOjwtrvTPn4"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YOjwtrvTPn4/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/install-win/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/install-win/index.html
index ed67f48..f07e0a5 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/install-win/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/install-win/index.html
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@
</ul>
<p>A video tutorial for running the unit tests can be found here:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOjwtrvTPn4"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YOjwtrvTPn4/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/installation.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/installation.html
index 70293cf..bc10c3b 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/installation.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/installation.html
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@
via <code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>. This problem should be resolved if
SINGA is installation via conda.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#from-conda">From Conda</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#from-conda">From Conda</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/installation/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/installation/index.html
index 70293cf..bc10c3b 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/installation/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/installation/index.html
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@
via <code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>. This problem should be resolved if
SINGA is installation via conda.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#from-conda">From Conda</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#from-conda">From Conda</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/issue-tracking.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/issue-tracking.html
index 98f97ac..35f650f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/issue-tracking.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/issue-tracking.html
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
<p>SINGA used <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/singa">JIRA</a> to manage issues
including bugs, new features and discussions.</p>
<p>We are now moving to <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/issues">Github Issues</a>.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/issue-tracking/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/issue-tracking/index.html
index 98f97ac..35f650f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/issue-tracking/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/issue-tracking/index.html
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
<p>SINGA used <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/singa">JIRA</a> to manage issues
including bugs, new features and discussions.</p>
<p>We are now moving to <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/issues">Github Issues</a>.</p>
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index 77ae747..b85401a 100644
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<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/loss.html
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</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/loss.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Loss</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/loss/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/loss/index.html
index 12a2339..c44fd9d 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/loss/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/loss/index.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/loss.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Loss</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/mail-lists.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/mail-lists.html
index fdab77e..60df526 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/mail-lists.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/mail-lists.html
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<tr><td>Security</td><td><a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">security@singa.apache.org</a></td><td>private</td><td>private</td><td>private</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/source-repository"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Source Repository</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/issue-tracking"><span>Issue Tracking</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/mail-lists/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/mail-lists/index.html
index fdab77e..60df526 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/mail-lists/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/mail-lists/index.html
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<tr><td>Security</td><td><a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">security@singa.apache.org</a></td><td>private</td><td>private</td><td>private</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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index 81dae25..d01afdf 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/metric.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/metric.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/metric.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Metric</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
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index 81dae25..d01afdf 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/metric/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/metric/index.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/metric.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Metric</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-char-rnn.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-char-rnn.html
index 54b0ffb..0ad70aa 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-char-rnn.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-char-rnn.html
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python sample.py 'model.bin' 100 --seed '#include <std'
</code></pre>
<p>Please replace 'model.bin' with the path to one of the checkpoint paths.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-char-rnn/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-char-rnn/index.html
index 54b0ffb..0ad70aa 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-char-rnn/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-char-rnn/index.html
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python sample.py 'model.bin' 100 --seed '#include <std'
</code></pre>
<p>Please replace 'model.bin' with the path to one of the checkpoint paths.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html
index c8d6f7a..f6457da 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
<p>The predict.py file's main function provides an example of using the pre-trained alexnet model to do prediction for new images. The 'model.bin' file generated by the training program should be placed at the cifar10 folder to run</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python predict.py
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10/index.html
index c8d6f7a..f6457da 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10/index.html
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
<p>The predict.py file's main function provides an example of using the pre-trained alexnet model to do prediction for new images. The 'model.bin' file generated by the training program should be placed at the cifar10 folder to run</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python predict.py
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.html
index a0cf75c..fdec709 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.html
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
<li><code>-nthreads <int></code>: the number of threads to load data which feed to the model.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet/index.html
index a0cf75c..fdec709 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet/index.html
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
<li><code>-nthreads <int></code>: the number of threads to load data which feed to the model.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.html
index d4401c3..3e666dc 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.html
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html
index d4401c3..3e666dc 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.html
index e97778a..f6905a9 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.html
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
pickle.dump(params, fd)
</code></pre>
<p>Then we construct the GoogleNet using SINGA's FeedForwardNet structure. Note that we added a EndPadding layer to resolve the issue from discrepancy of the rounding strategy of the pooling layer between Caffe (ceil) and cuDNN (floor). Only the MaxPooling layers outside inception blocks have this problem. Refer to <a href="https://gist.github.com/joelouismarino/a2ede9ab3928f999575423b9887abd14">this</a> for more detials.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html
index e97778a..f6905a9 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
pickle.dump(params, fd)
</code></pre>
<p>Then we construct the GoogleNet using SINGA's FeedForwardNet structure. Note that we added a EndPadding layer to resolve the issue from discrepancy of the rounding strategy of the pooling layer between Caffe (ceil) and cuDNN (floor). Only the MaxPooling layers outside inception blocks have this problem. Refer to <a href="https://gist.github.com/joelouismarino/a2ede9ab3928f999575423b9887abd14">this</a> for more detials.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html
index fc6470c..afd1847 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
<p>We first extract the parameter values from <a href="http://download.tensorflow.org/models/inception_v4_2016_09_09.tar.gz">Tensorflow's checkpoint file</a> into a pickle version. After downloading and decompressing the checkpoint file, run the following script</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py --file_name=inception_v4.ckpt</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception/index.html
index fc6470c..afd1847 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception/index.html
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
<p>We first extract the parameter values from <a href="http://download.tensorflow.org/models/inception_v4_2016_09_09.tar.gz">Tensorflow's checkpoint file</a> into a pickle version. After downloading and decompressing the checkpoint file, run the following script</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py --file_name=inception_v4.ckpt</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html
index 3b99af0..68b29f5 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">$ <span class="hljs-keyword">python</span> convert.<span class="hljs-keyword">py</span> -h
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet/index.html
index 3b99af0..68b29f5 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet/index.html
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">$ <span class="hljs-keyword">python</span> convert.<span class="hljs-keyword">py</span> -h
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html
index 56fc85c..89f7f23 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg/index.html
index 56fc85c..89f7f23 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg/index.html
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist.html
index ad71d90..424d860 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist.html
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
<p>By default the training code would run on CPU. To run it on a GPU card, please start the program with an additional argument</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python train.py mnist.pkl.gz --use_gpu
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#running-instructions">Running instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#running-instructions">Running instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html
index ad71d90..424d860 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
<p>By default the training code would run on CPU. To run it on a GPU card, please start the program with an additional argument</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python train.py mnist.pkl.gz --use_gpu
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#running-instructions">Running instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#running-instructions">Running instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/onnx.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/onnx.html
index d91992b..f281efa 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/onnx.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/onnx.html
@@ -752,7 +752,7 @@
queue. The user can use <code>last_layers</code> to decide to run the model till the last
few layers. Set <code>all_outputs</code> as <code>False</code> to get only the final output, <code>True</code> to
also get all the intermediate output.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/10/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#a-full-example">A Full Example</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#load-dataset">Load dataset</a></li><li><a href="#mnist-model">MNIST model</a></li><li><a href="#train-mnist-model-and-export-it-to-onnx">Train mnist model and export it to onnx</a></li><li><a href="#inference">Inference</a></li><li><a href="#re-training">Re-training</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning">Transfer learning</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/10/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#a-full-example">A Full Example</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#load-dataset">Load dataset</a></li><li><a href="#mnist-model">MNIST model</a></li><li><a href="#train-mnist-model-and-export-it-to-onnx">Train mnist model and export it to onnx</a></li><li><a href="#inference">Inference</a></li><li><a href="#re-training">Re-training</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning">Transfer learning</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/onnx/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/onnx/index.html
index d91992b..f281efa 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/onnx/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/onnx/index.html
@@ -752,7 +752,7 @@
queue. The user can use <code>last_layers</code> to decide to run the model till the last
few layers. Set <code>all_outputs</code> as <code>False</code> to get only the final output, <code>True</code> to
also get all the intermediate output.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/10/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#a-full-example">A Full Example</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#load-dataset">Load dataset</a></li><li><a href="#mnist-model">MNIST model</a></li><li><a href="#train-mnist-model-and-export-it-to-onnx">Train mnist model and export it to onnx</a></li><li><a href="#inference">Inference</a></li><li><a href="#re-training">Re-training</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning">Transfer learning</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/optimizer.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/optimizer.html
index 5ab8ffd..b68e115 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/optimizer.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/optimizer.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/optimizer.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Optimizer</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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index 5ab8ffd..b68e115 100644
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</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.0.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/optimizer.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Optimizer</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html
index fdae3ae..4597242 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-41">SINGA-41</a> Support single node
single GPU training</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html
index fdae3ae..4597242 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-41">SINGA-41</a> Support single node
single GPU training</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html
index 081d388..700f32f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-116] Fix a bug in InnerProductLayer caused by weight matrix sharing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html
index 081d388..700f32f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-116] Fix a bug in InnerProductLayer caused by weight matrix sharing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html
index 9545c1f..2079b9d 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-143] The compilation cannot detect libsingagpu.so file</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html
index 9545c1f..2079b9d 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-143] The compilation cannot detect libsingagpu.so file</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html
index 2c66626..5d3ece4 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-172] Add CMake supporting for Cuda and Cudnn libs</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html
index 2c66626..5d3ece4 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-172] Add CMake supporting for Cuda and Cudnn libs</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html
index 665b5f6..77e747f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
Python</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html
index 665b5f6..77e747f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
Python</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html
index b2387a1..8d5fdd3 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-369] the errors of examples in testing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html
index b2387a1..8d5fdd3 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-369] the errors of examples in testing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html
index 7aa3b81..f973163 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-380] Fix bugs from Reshape</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html
index 7aa3b81..f973163 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-380] Fix bugs from Reshape</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.html
index 9c07596..e5a78fc 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.html
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/19/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/19/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html
index ba43fff..fa6acc4 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1/index.html
index ba43fff..fa6acc4 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1/index.html
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0/index.html
index 9c07596..e5a78fc 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0/index.html
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/19/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/security.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/security.html
index bbfff55..25a818c 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/security.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/security.html
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
</script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/security.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Security</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p>Users can report security vulnerabilities to
<a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">SINGA Security Team Mail List</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/security/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/security/index.html
index bbfff55..25a818c 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/security/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/security/index.html
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
</script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/security.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Security</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p>Users can report security vulnerabilities to
<a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">SINGA Security Team Mail List</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/software-stack.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/software-stack.html
index b92e0e2..084f72f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/software-stack.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/software-stack.html
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@
<li>SingaBackend for loading onnx format model into SINGA for training and
inference.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#module">Module</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#module">Module</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/software-stack/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/software-stack/index.html
index b92e0e2..084f72f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/software-stack/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/software-stack/index.html
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@
<li>SingaBackend for loading onnx format model into SINGA for training and
inference.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#module">Module</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#module">Module</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/source-repository.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/source-repository.html
index a1204a8..a594e79 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/source-repository.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/source-repository.html
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
<p>The code can be cloned from either repo, e.g.,</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/source-repository/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/source-repository/index.html
index a1204a8..a594e79 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/source-repository/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/source-repository/index.html
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
<p>The code can be cloned from either repo, e.g.,</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/team-list.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/team-list.html
index 983affd..6ef23d3 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/team-list.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/team-list.html
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
<tr><td>Zhaojing Luo</td><td><a href="mailto:zhaojing@apache.org">zhaojing@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Thejas Nair</td><td><a href="mailto:thejas@apache.org">thejas@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
<tr><td>Beng Chin Ooi</td><td><a href="mailto:ooibc@apache.org">ooibc@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
-<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>DePaul University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>Université Grenoble Alpes</td></tr>
<tr><td>Kian-Lee Tan</td><td><a href="mailto:tankianlee@apache.org">tankianlee@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Wei Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangwei@apache.org">wangwei@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Meihui Zhang</td><td><a href="mailto:meihuizhang@apache.org">meihuizhang@apache.org</a></td><td>Beijing Institute of Technology</td></tr>
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
<tr><td>Rulin Xing</td><td><a href="mailto:xjdkcsq3@gmail.com">xjdkcsq3@gmail.com</a></td><td>Huazhong University of Science and Technology</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/team-list/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/team-list/index.html
index 983affd..6ef23d3 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/team-list/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/team-list/index.html
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
<tr><td>Zhaojing Luo</td><td><a href="mailto:zhaojing@apache.org">zhaojing@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Thejas Nair</td><td><a href="mailto:thejas@apache.org">thejas@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
<tr><td>Beng Chin Ooi</td><td><a href="mailto:ooibc@apache.org">ooibc@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
-<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>DePaul University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>Université Grenoble Alpes</td></tr>
<tr><td>Kian-Lee Tan</td><td><a href="mailto:tankianlee@apache.org">tankianlee@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Wei Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangwei@apache.org">wangwei@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Meihui Zhang</td><td><a href="mailto:meihuizhang@apache.org">meihuizhang@apache.org</a></td><td>Beijing Institute of Technology</td></tr>
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
<tr><td>Rulin Xing</td><td><a href="mailto:xjdkcsq3@gmail.com">xjdkcsq3@gmail.com</a></td><td>Huazhong University of Science and Technology</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/tensor.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/tensor.html
index a6d7eb1..771870d 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/tensor.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/tensor.html
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/3/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#simple-neural-network-example">Simple Neural Network Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/3/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#simple-neural-network-example">Simple Neural Network Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/tensor/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/tensor/index.html
index a6d7eb1..771870d 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/tensor/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/tensor/index.html
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/3/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#simple-neural-network-example">Simple Neural Network Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/3/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.0.0/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.0.0/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#simple-neural-network-example">Simple Neural Network Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/time-profiling.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/time-profiling.html
index d2ce117..0433060 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/time-profiling.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/time-profiling.html
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/27/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#设置时间分析verbosity">设置时间分析Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#不同verbosity的输出示例">不同Verbosity的输出示例</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#设置时间分析verbosity">设置时间分析Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#不同verbosity的输出示例">不同Verbosity的输出示例</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/time-profiling/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/time-profiling/index.html
index d2ce117..0433060 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/time-profiling/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/time-profiling/index.html
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/27/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#设置时间分析verbosity">设置时间分析Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#不同verbosity的输出示例">不同Verbosity的输出示例</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#设置时间分析verbosity">设置时间分析Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#不同verbosity的输出示例">不同Verbosity的输出示例</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-cpu-dev.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-cpu-dev.html
index f3383bf..ac59774 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-cpu-dev.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-cpu-dev.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html
index f3383bf..ac59774 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-cpu.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-cpu.html
index b3490b5..03c7eb6 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-cpu.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-cpu.html
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-cpu/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-cpu/index.html
index b3490b5..03c7eb6 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-cpu/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-cpu/index.html
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-gpu-dev.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-gpu-dev.html
index e9ca379..b8c813d 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-gpu-dev.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-gpu-dev.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
index e9ca379..b8c813d 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-gpu.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-gpu.html
index 7965ec1..b7507bf 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-gpu.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-gpu.html
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-gpu/index.html b/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-gpu/index.html
index 7965ec1..b7507bf 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-gpu/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.0.0/wheel-gpu/index.html
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/autograd.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/autograd.html
index de880fe..28c1843 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/autograd.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/autograd.html
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@
<p>Refer
<a href="https://singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/autograd.html#module-singa.autograd">here</a>
for more details of Python API.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/17/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/optimizer"><span>Optimizer</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-model-api">Using the Model API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/17/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/optimizer"><span>Optimizer</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-model-api">Using the Model API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/autograd/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/autograd/index.html
index de880fe..28c1843 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/autograd/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/autograd/index.html
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@
<p>Refer
<a href="https://singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/autograd.html#module-singa.autograd">here</a>
for more details of Python API.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/17/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/optimizer"><span>Optimizer</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-model-api">Using the Model API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/17/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/optimizer"><span>Optimizer</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-model-api">Using the Model API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/benchmark-train.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/benchmark-train.html
index 0279dae..780eee2 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/benchmark-train.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/benchmark-train.html
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
the server.</p>
<p><img src="/docs/assets/benchmark.png" alt="Benchmark Experiments"> <br/> <strong>Scalability test. Bars
are for the throughput; lines are for the communication cost.</strong></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/benchmark-train/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/benchmark-train/index.html
index 0279dae..780eee2 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/benchmark-train/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/benchmark-train/index.html
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
the server.</p>
<p><img src="/docs/assets/benchmark.png" alt="Benchmark Experiments"> <br/> <strong>Scalability test. Bars
are for the throughput; lines are for the communication cost.</strong></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/build.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/build.html
index 4b192ce..e2c3c35 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/build.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/build.html
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@
to change the python interpreter, e.g., reset the $PATH to put the correct
path of Python at the front position.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/build/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/build/index.html
index 4b192ce..e2c3c35 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/build/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/build/index.html
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@
to change the python interpreter, e.g., reset the $PATH to put the correct
path of Python at the front position.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/contribute-code.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/contribute-code.html
index 0eb0128..2e3016e 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/contribute-code.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/contribute-code.html
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="workflow"></a><a href="#workflow" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Workflow</h2>
<p>Please refer to the <a href="/docs/3.1.0/git-workflow">git workflow page</a>.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/contribute-code/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/contribute-code/index.html
index 0eb0128..2e3016e 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/contribute-code/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/contribute-code/index.html
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="workflow"></a><a href="#workflow" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Workflow</h2>
<p>Please refer to the <a href="/docs/3.1.0/git-workflow">git workflow page</a>.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/contribute-docs.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/contribute-docs.html
index bf2568b..e4e0a7b 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/contribute-docs.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/contribute-docs.html
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
"description": "# spell check only for cpp comments"
}
</code></pre>
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#markdown-files">Markdown Files</a></li><li><a href="#api-references">API References</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#spell-check">Spell Check</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/contribute-docs/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/contribute-docs/index.html
index bf2568b..e4e0a7b 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/contribute-docs/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/contribute-docs/index.html
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
"description": "# spell check only for cpp comments"
}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#markdown-files">Markdown Files</a></li><li><a href="#api-references">API References</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#spell-check">Spell Check</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#markdown-files">Markdown Files</a></li><li><a href="#api-references">API References</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#spell-check">Spell Check</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/device.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/device.html
index 3a48657..be7f9f9 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/device.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/device.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
ary1 = device.create_cuda_gpus(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices, starting from ID 0</span>
ary2 = device.create_cuda_gpus([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices on ID 0 and 2</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/device/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/device/index.html
index 3a48657..be7f9f9 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/device/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/device/index.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
ary1 = device.create_cuda_gpus(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices, starting from ID 0</span>
ary2 = device.create_cuda_gpus([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices on ID 0 and 2</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/dist-train.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/dist-train.html
index 5978ec7..c38ef2b 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/dist-train.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/dist-train.html
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@
partitioned training data. Once the sub-gradient is calculated on each
processes, the overall stochastic gradient is obtained by all-reducing the
sub-gradients evaluated by all processes.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/onnx"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>ONNX</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/time-profiling"><span>Time Profiling</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example-code">Example Code</a></li><li><a href="#execution-instruction">Execution Instruction</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#optimizations-for-distributed-training">Optimizations for Distributed Training</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#no-optimizations">No Optimizations</a></li><li><a href="#half-precision-gradients">Half-precision Gradients</a></li><li><a href="#partial-synchronization">Partial Synchronization</a></li><li><a href="#gradient-sparsification">Gradient Sparsification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#c-interface-for-nccl-communicator">C interface for NCCL communicator</a></li><li><a href="#python-interface-for-distopt">Python interface for DistOpt</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/onnx"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>ONNX</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/time-profiling"><span>Time Profiling</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example-code">Example Code</a></li><li><a href="#execution-instruction">Execution Instruction</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#optimizations-for-distributed-training">Optimizations for Distributed Training</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#no-optimizations">No Optimizations</a></li><li><a href="#half-precision-gradients">Half-precision Gradients</a></li><li><a href="#partial-synchronization">Partial Synchronization</a></li><li><a href="#gradient-sparsification">Gradient Sparsification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#c-interface-for-nccl-communicator">C interface for NCCL communicator</a></li><li><a href="#python-interface-for-distopt">Python interface for DistOpt</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/dist-train/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/dist-train/index.html
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partitioned training data. Once the sub-gradient is calculated on each
processes, the overall stochastic gradient is obtained by all-reducing the
sub-gradients evaluated by all processes.</p>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/downloads.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/downloads.html
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<li>Unit test using gtest</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/22/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/time-profiling"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Time Profiling</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/build"><span>Build SINGA from Source</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#verify">Verify</a></li><li><a href="#v310-30-october-2020">V3.1.0 (30 October 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#v300-18-april-2020">V3.0.0 (18 April 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v200-20-april-2019">Incubating v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018">Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017">Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016">Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016">Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016">Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/downloads/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/downloads/index.html
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@
<li>Unit test using gtest</li>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/examples.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/examples.html
index e5acf21..3fccd10 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/examples.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/examples.html
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
<li>Restricted Boltzmann Machine over the MNIST dataset, <a href="">source</a>,
<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19996noGu9JyHHkVmp4edBGu7PJSRQKsd">Colab</a>.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#text-classification">Text Classification</a></li><li><a href="#text-ranking">Text Ranking</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#text-classification">Text Classification</a></li><li><a href="#text-ranking">Text Ranking</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/examples/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/examples/index.html
index e5acf21..3fccd10 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/examples/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/examples/index.html
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
<li>Restricted Boltzmann Machine over the MNIST dataset, <a href="">source</a>,
<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19996noGu9JyHHkVmp4edBGu7PJSRQKsd">Colab</a>.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#text-classification">Text Classification</a></li><li><a href="#text-ranking">Text Ranking</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#text-classification">Text Classification</a></li><li><a href="#text-ranking">Text Ranking</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/git-workflow.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/git-workflow.html
index f2dcaef..ed25676 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/git-workflow.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/git-workflow.html
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
</code></pre>
<p>Do not use rebase to merge the PR; and disable fast forward.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/git-workflow/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/git-workflow/index.html
index f2dcaef..ed25676 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/git-workflow/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/git-workflow/index.html
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
</code></pre>
<p>Do not use rebase to merge the PR; and disable fast forward.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/graph.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/graph.html
index 1fbb0a0..e39c28a 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/graph.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/graph.html
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@
<li>Currently, there is a little improvement in terms of speed. More optimizations
can be done towards the efficiency.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/graph/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/graph/index.html
index 1fbb0a0..e39c28a 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/graph/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/graph/index.html
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@
<li>Currently, there is a little improvement in terms of speed. More optimizations
can be done towards the efficiency.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/half-precision.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/half-precision.html
index 8037e8b..4f1e947 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/half-precision.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/half-precision.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
<span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
}
</code></pre>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/half-precision/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/half-precision/index.html
index 8037e8b..4f1e947 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/half-precision/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/half-precision/index.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
<span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/16/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-定义">Half data type 定义</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-运算">Half data type 运算</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-三个步骤">Training in Half 三个步骤</a></li><li><a href="#示例">示例</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-依赖性">Half Type 依赖性</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-定义">Half data type 定义</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-运算">Half data type 运算</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-三个步骤">Training in Half 三个步骤</a></li><li><a href="#示例">示例</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-依赖性">Half Type 依赖性</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/history-singa.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/history-singa.html
index 951e48d..3aad035 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/history-singa.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/history-singa.html
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="license"></a><a href="#license" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>License</h2>
<p>SINGA is released under
<a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License Version 2.0</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu"><span>CPU only</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu"><span>CPU only</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/history-singa/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/history-singa/index.html
index 951e48d..3aad035 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/history-singa/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/history-singa/index.html
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="license"></a><a href="#license" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>License</h2>
<p>SINGA is released under
<a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License Version 2.0</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu"><span>CPU only</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu"><span>CPU only</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/how-to-release.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/how-to-release.html
index 130b475..5d7ee36 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/how-to-release.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/how-to-release.html
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
On behalf of the SINGA team, {SINGA Team Member Name}
<span class="hljs-code">```</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/how-to-release/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/how-to-release/index.html
index 130b475..5d7ee36 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/how-to-release/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/how-to-release/index.html
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
On behalf of the SINGA team, {SINGA Team Member Name}
<span class="hljs-code">```</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/initializer.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/initializer.html
index 0a648e5..ec1d313 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/initializer.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/initializer.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.1.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.1.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.1.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/initializer.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Initializer</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
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<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/install-win.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/install-win.html
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@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@
</ul>
<p>A video tutorial for running the unit tests can be found here:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOjwtrvTPn4"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YOjwtrvTPn4/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/install-win/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/install-win/index.html
index 90b3be1..936af65 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/install-win/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/install-win/index.html
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@
</ul>
<p>A video tutorial for running the unit tests can be found here:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOjwtrvTPn4"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YOjwtrvTPn4/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/installation.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/installation.html
index 5ad4182..e1924d0 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/installation.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/installation.html
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@
via <code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>. This problem should be resolved if
SINGA is installed via conda.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#using-conda">Using Conda</a></li><li><a href="#using-pip">Using Pip</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#using-conda">Using Conda</a></li><li><a href="#using-pip">Using Pip</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/installation/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/installation/index.html
index 5ad4182..e1924d0 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/installation/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/installation/index.html
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@
via <code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>. This problem should be resolved if
SINGA is installed via conda.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#using-conda">Using Conda</a></li><li><a href="#using-pip">Using Pip</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#using-conda">Using Conda</a></li><li><a href="#using-pip">Using Pip</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/issue-tracking.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/issue-tracking.html
index 34d62f9..95708f4 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/issue-tracking.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/issue-tracking.html
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
<p>SINGA used <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/singa">JIRA</a> to manage issues
including bugs, new features and discussions.</p>
<p>We are now moving to <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/issues">Github Issues</a>.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/issue-tracking/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/issue-tracking/index.html
index 34d62f9..95708f4 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/issue-tracking/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/issue-tracking/index.html
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
<p>SINGA used <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/singa">JIRA</a> to manage issues
including bugs, new features and discussions.</p>
<p>We are now moving to <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/issues">Github Issues</a>.</p>
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<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.1.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.1.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.1.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/loss.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Loss</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/loss/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/loss/index.html
index 2a8097f..7bbb260 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/loss/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/loss/index.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.1.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.1.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.1.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/loss.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Loss</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/mail-lists.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/mail-lists.html
index 9cee8f9..22800f1 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/mail-lists.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/mail-lists.html
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<tr><td>Security</td><td><a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">security@singa.apache.org</a></td><td>private</td><td>private</td><td>private</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/source-repository"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Source Repository</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/issue-tracking"><span>Issue Tracking</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/mail-lists/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/mail-lists/index.html
index 9cee8f9..22800f1 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/mail-lists/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/mail-lists/index.html
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<tr><td>Security</td><td><a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">security@singa.apache.org</a></td><td>private</td><td>private</td><td>private</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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index ff6db59..957f4ed 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/metric.html
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.1.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.1.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.1.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/metric.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Metric</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
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index ff6db59..957f4ed 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/metric/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/metric/index.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.1.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.1.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.1.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/metric.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Metric</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-char-rnn.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-char-rnn.html
index 637f44d..52582ee 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-char-rnn.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-char-rnn.html
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python sample.py 'model.bin' 100 --seed '#include <std'
</code></pre>
<p>Please replace 'model.bin' with the path to one of the checkpoint paths.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-char-rnn/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-char-rnn/index.html
index 637f44d..52582ee 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-char-rnn/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-char-rnn/index.html
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python sample.py 'model.bin' 100 --seed '#include <std'
</code></pre>
<p>Please replace 'model.bin' with the path to one of the checkpoint paths.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html
index 5071cef..bc76e83 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
<p>The predict.py file's main function provides an example of using the pre-trained alexnet model to do prediction for new images. The 'model.bin' file generated by the training program should be placed at the cifar10 folder to run</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python predict.py
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10/index.html
index 5071cef..bc76e83 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10/index.html
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
<p>The predict.py file's main function provides an example of using the pre-trained alexnet model to do prediction for new images. The 'model.bin' file generated by the training program should be placed at the cifar10 folder to run</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python predict.py
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.html
index 958729b..695d0ee 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.html
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
<li><code>-nthreads <int></code>: the number of threads to load data which feed to the model.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet/index.html
index 958729b..695d0ee 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet/index.html
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
<li><code>-nthreads <int></code>: the number of threads to load data which feed to the model.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.html
index a6f1807..dae8079 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.html
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html
index a6f1807..dae8079 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.html
index 6ac65f8..6635114 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.html
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
pickle.dump(params, fd)
</code></pre>
<p>Then we construct the GoogleNet using SINGA's FeedForwardNet structure. Note that we added a EndPadding layer to resolve the issue from discrepancy of the rounding strategy of the pooling layer between Caffe (ceil) and cuDNN (floor). Only the MaxPooling layers outside inception blocks have this problem. Refer to <a href="https://gist.github.com/joelouismarino/a2ede9ab3928f999575423b9887abd14">this</a> for more detials.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html
index 6ac65f8..6635114 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
pickle.dump(params, fd)
</code></pre>
<p>Then we construct the GoogleNet using SINGA's FeedForwardNet structure. Note that we added a EndPadding layer to resolve the issue from discrepancy of the rounding strategy of the pooling layer between Caffe (ceil) and cuDNN (floor). Only the MaxPooling layers outside inception blocks have this problem. Refer to <a href="https://gist.github.com/joelouismarino/a2ede9ab3928f999575423b9887abd14">this</a> for more detials.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html
index 796012a..85ebd14 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
<p>We first extract the parameter values from <a href="http://download.tensorflow.org/models/inception_v4_2016_09_09.tar.gz">Tensorflow's checkpoint file</a> into a pickle version. After downloading and decompressing the checkpoint file, run the following script</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py --file_name=inception_v4.ckpt</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception/index.html
index 796012a..85ebd14 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception/index.html
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
<p>We first extract the parameter values from <a href="http://download.tensorflow.org/models/inception_v4_2016_09_09.tar.gz">Tensorflow's checkpoint file</a> into a pickle version. After downloading and decompressing the checkpoint file, run the following script</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py --file_name=inception_v4.ckpt</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html
index a9815ee..87e8251 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">$ <span class="hljs-keyword">python</span> convert.<span class="hljs-keyword">py</span> -h
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet/index.html
index a9815ee..87e8251 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet/index.html
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">$ <span class="hljs-keyword">python</span> convert.<span class="hljs-keyword">py</span> -h
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html
index c462a6c..e5f4fbd 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg/index.html
index c462a6c..e5f4fbd 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg/index.html
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist.html
index 0add18c..eaca610 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist.html
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
<p>By default the training code would run on CPU. To run it on a GPU card, please start the program with an additional argument</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python train.py mnist.pkl.gz --use_gpu
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#running-instructions">Running instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#running-instructions">Running instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html
index 0add18c..eaca610 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
<p>By default the training code would run on CPU. To run it on a GPU card, please start the program with an additional argument</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python train.py mnist.pkl.gz --use_gpu
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#running-instructions">Running instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#running-instructions">Running instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/onnx.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/onnx.html
index a829710..f1753ac 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/onnx.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/onnx.html
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sonnxmodel"></a><a href="#sonnxmodel" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SONNXModel</h3>
<p><code>SONNXModel</code> inherits from <code>sonnx.SONNXModel</code> and implements the method
<code>forward</code> to provide a unified API with other SINGA models.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/25/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li><li><a href="#sonnxmodel">SONNXModel</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/25/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li><li><a href="#sonnxmodel">SONNXModel</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/onnx/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/onnx/index.html
index a829710..f1753ac 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/onnx/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/onnx/index.html
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sonnxmodel"></a><a href="#sonnxmodel" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SONNXModel</h3>
<p><code>SONNXModel</code> inherits from <code>sonnx.SONNXModel</code> and implements the method
<code>forward</code> to provide a unified API with other SINGA models.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/25/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li><li><a href="#sonnxmodel">SONNXModel</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/25/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li><li><a href="#sonnxmodel">SONNXModel</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/optimizer.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/optimizer.html
index 4d12d44..f9183f7 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/optimizer.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/optimizer.html
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
<span class="hljs-comment"># Training with one batch</span>
out, loss = model(tx, ty)
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/7/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-an-optimizer">Create an optimizer</a></li><li><a href="#create-a-decay-scheduler">Create a Decay Scheduler</a></li><li><a href="#use-the-optimizer-in-model-api">Use the optimizer in Model API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/7/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-an-optimizer">Create an optimizer</a></li><li><a href="#create-a-decay-scheduler">Create a Decay Scheduler</a></li><li><a href="#use-the-optimizer-in-model-api">Use the optimizer in Model API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/optimizer/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/optimizer/index.html
index 4d12d44..f9183f7 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/optimizer/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/optimizer/index.html
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
<span class="hljs-comment"># Training with one batch</span>
out, loss = model(tx, ty)
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/7/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-an-optimizer">Create an optimizer</a></li><li><a href="#create-a-decay-scheduler">Create a Decay Scheduler</a></li><li><a href="#use-the-optimizer-in-model-api">Use the optimizer in Model API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/7/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-an-optimizer">Create an optimizer</a></li><li><a href="#create-a-decay-scheduler">Create a Decay Scheduler</a></li><li><a href="#use-the-optimizer-in-model-api">Use the optimizer in Model API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html
index 48ae10a..cec1b0f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-41">SINGA-41</a> Support single node
single GPU training</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html
index 48ae10a..cec1b0f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-41">SINGA-41</a> Support single node
single GPU training</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html
index a0e12f6..e8c7345 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-116] Fix a bug in InnerProductLayer caused by weight matrix sharing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html
index a0e12f6..e8c7345 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-116] Fix a bug in InnerProductLayer caused by weight matrix sharing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html
index b17eb1a..bd22684 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-143] The compilation cannot detect libsingagpu.so file</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html
index b17eb1a..bd22684 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-143] The compilation cannot detect libsingagpu.so file</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html
index 657c074..5666329 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-172] Add CMake supporting for Cuda and Cudnn libs</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html
index 657c074..5666329 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-172] Add CMake supporting for Cuda and Cudnn libs</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html
index fa376ae..f08aba5 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
Python</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html
index fa376ae..f08aba5 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
Python</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html
index aa1ec44..8779a40 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-369] the errors of examples in testing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html
index aa1ec44..8779a40 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-369] the errors of examples in testing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html
index ef0d3f5..67b8cb2 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-380] Fix bugs from Reshape</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html
index ef0d3f5..67b8cb2 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-380] Fix bugs from Reshape</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.html
index df90e21..06c32bb 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.html
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/19/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/19/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html
index b3a1a89..3eb7fa6 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1/index.html
index b3a1a89..3eb7fa6 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1/index.html
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0/index.html
index df90e21..06c32bb 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0/index.html
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/19/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/19/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html
index 2227ebd..60563ef 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
gradient by param python object id for testing purpose.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0/index.html
index 2227ebd..60563ef 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0/index.html
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
gradient by param python object id for testing purpose.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/security.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/security.html
index 0c0f157..99cb7a2 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/security.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/security.html
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
</script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/security.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Security</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p>Users can report security vulnerabilities to
<a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">SINGA Security Team Mail List</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/security/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/security/index.html
index 0c0f157..99cb7a2 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/security/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/security/index.html
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
</script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/security.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Security</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p>Users can report security vulnerabilities to
<a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">SINGA Security Team Mail List</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/software-stack.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/software-stack.html
index 971e451..ecaa676 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/software-stack.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/software-stack.html
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
<li>SingaBackend for loading onnx format model into SINGA for training and
inference.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/software-stack/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/software-stack/index.html
index 971e451..ecaa676 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/software-stack/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/software-stack/index.html
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
<li>SingaBackend for loading onnx format model into SINGA for training and
inference.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/source-repository.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/source-repository.html
index a854ee2..ec72145 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/source-repository.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/source-repository.html
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
<p>The code can be cloned from either repo, e.g.,</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/source-repository/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/source-repository/index.html
index a854ee2..ec72145 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/source-repository/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/source-repository/index.html
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
<p>The code can be cloned from either repo, e.g.,</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/team-list.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/team-list.html
index c395a1d..34e61f6 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/team-list.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/team-list.html
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
<tr><td>Zhaojing Luo</td><td><a href="mailto:zhaojing@apache.org">zhaojing@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Thejas Nair</td><td><a href="mailto:thejas@apache.org">thejas@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
<tr><td>Beng Chin Ooi</td><td><a href="mailto:ooibc@apache.org">ooibc@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
-<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>DePaul University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>Université Grenoble Alpes</td></tr>
<tr><td>Kian-Lee Tan</td><td><a href="mailto:tankianlee@apache.org">tankianlee@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Sheng Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangsh@apache.org">wangsh@apache.org</a></td><td>DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group</td></tr>
<tr><td>Wei Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangwei@apache.org">wangwei@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
<tr><td>Chang Yao</td><td><a href="mailto:yaochang2009@gmail.com">yaochang2009@gmail.com</a></td><td>Hangzhou MZH Technologies</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/team-list/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/team-list/index.html
index c395a1d..34e61f6 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/team-list/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/team-list/index.html
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
<tr><td>Zhaojing Luo</td><td><a href="mailto:zhaojing@apache.org">zhaojing@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Thejas Nair</td><td><a href="mailto:thejas@apache.org">thejas@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
<tr><td>Beng Chin Ooi</td><td><a href="mailto:ooibc@apache.org">ooibc@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
-<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>DePaul University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>Université Grenoble Alpes</td></tr>
<tr><td>Kian-Lee Tan</td><td><a href="mailto:tankianlee@apache.org">tankianlee@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Sheng Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangsh@apache.org">wangsh@apache.org</a></td><td>DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group</td></tr>
<tr><td>Wei Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangwei@apache.org">wangwei@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
<tr><td>Chang Yao</td><td><a href="mailto:yaochang2009@gmail.com">yaochang2009@gmail.com</a></td><td>Hangzhou MZH Technologies</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/tensor.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/tensor.html
index cc2bc02..764398e 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/tensor.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/tensor.html
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#use-tensor-to-train-mlp">use Tensor to train MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#use-tensor-to-train-mlp">use Tensor to train MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/tensor/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/tensor/index.html
index cc2bc02..764398e 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/tensor/index.html
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@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#use-tensor-to-train-mlp">use Tensor to train MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#use-tensor-to-train-mlp">use Tensor to train MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/time-profiling.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/time-profiling.html
index 0e29ffc..f9d5ae0 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/time-profiling.html
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@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/27/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#setup-the-time-profiling-verbosity">Setup the Time Profiling Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#example-outputs-for-different-verbosity">Example Outputs for Different Verbosity</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/27/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#setup-the-time-profiling-verbosity">Setup the Time Profiling Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#example-outputs-for-different-verbosity">Example Outputs for Different Verbosity</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/time-profiling/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/time-profiling/index.html
index 0e29ffc..f9d5ae0 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/time-profiling/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/time-profiling/index.html
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/27/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#setup-the-time-profiling-verbosity">Setup the Time Profiling Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#example-outputs-for-different-verbosity">Example Outputs for Different Verbosity</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/27/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#setup-the-time-profiling-verbosity">Setup the Time Profiling Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#example-outputs-for-different-verbosity">Example Outputs for Different Verbosity</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu-dev.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu-dev.html
index 58d8edb..a53b149 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu-dev.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu-dev.html
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>CPU only</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu"><span>CUDA enabled</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>CPU only</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu"><span>CUDA enabled</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html
index 58d8edb..a53b149 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>CPU only</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu"><span>CUDA enabled</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>CPU only</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu"><span>CUDA enabled</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu.html
index 6ff839c..3ba825d 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu.html
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/history-singa"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>History of SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu-dev"><span>CPU only (dev version)</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/history-singa"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>History of SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu-dev"><span>CPU only (dev version)</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu/index.html
index 6ff839c..3ba825d 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu/index.html
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/history-singa"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>History of SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu-dev"><span>CPU only (dev version)</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/history-singa"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>History of SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu-dev"><span>CPU only (dev version)</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu-dev.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu-dev.html
index 2af681b..e66f73a 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu-dev.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu-dev.html
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>CUDA enabled</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>CUDA enabled</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
index 2af681b..e66f73a 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>CUDA enabled</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>CUDA enabled</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu.html
index 2669576..8ff7274 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu.html
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu-dev"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>CPU only (dev version)</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu-dev"><span>CUDA enabled (dev version)</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu-dev"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>CPU only (dev version)</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu-dev"><span>CUDA enabled (dev version)</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu/index.html b/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu/index.html
index 2669576..8ff7274 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu/index.html
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu-dev"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>CPU only (dev version)</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu-dev"><span>CUDA enabled (dev version)</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-cpu-dev"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>CPU only (dev version)</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.1.0/wheel-gpu-dev"><span>CUDA enabled (dev version)</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/autograd.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/autograd.html
index 396e95f..92b8b28 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/autograd.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/autograd.html
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@
<p>Refer
<a href="https://singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/autograd.html#module-singa.autograd">here</a>
for more details of Python API.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/17/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/optimizer"><span>Optimizer</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-model-api">Using the Model API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/17/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/optimizer"><span>Optimizer</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-model-api">Using the Model API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/autograd/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/autograd/index.html
index 396e95f..92b8b28 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/autograd/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/autograd/index.html
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@
<p>Refer
<a href="https://singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/autograd.html#module-singa.autograd">here</a>
for more details of Python API.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/17/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/optimizer"><span>Optimizer</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-model-api">Using the Model API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/benchmark-train.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/benchmark-train.html
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--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/benchmark-train.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/benchmark-train.html
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
the server.</p>
<p><img src="/docs/assets/benchmark.png" alt="Benchmark Experiments"> <br/> <strong>Scalability test. Bars
are for the throughput; lines are for the communication cost.</strong></p>
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index 8f18c74..8d63d02 100644
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+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/benchmark-train/index.html
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
the server.</p>
<p><img src="/docs/assets/benchmark.png" alt="Benchmark Experiments"> <br/> <strong>Scalability test. Bars
are for the throughput; lines are for the communication cost.</strong></p>
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+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/build.html
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@
to change the python interpreter, e.g., reset the $PATH to put the correct
path of Python at the front position.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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index d5c2d5f..6ca34d1 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/build/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/build/index.html
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@
to change the python interpreter, e.g., reset the $PATH to put the correct
path of Python at the front position.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-code.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-code.html
index 3e67d8c..fdb7179 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-code.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-code.html
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="workflow"></a><a href="#workflow" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Workflow</h2>
<p>Please refer to the <a href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/git-workflow">git workflow page</a>.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-code/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-code/index.html
index 3e67d8c..fdb7179 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-code/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-code/index.html
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="workflow"></a><a href="#workflow" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Workflow</h2>
<p>Please refer to the <a href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/git-workflow">git workflow page</a>.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-docs.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-docs.html
index 773fc32..9a31ca5 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-docs.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-docs.html
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
"description": "# spell check only for cpp comments"
}
</code></pre>
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#markdown-files">Markdown Files</a></li><li><a href="#api-references">API References</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#spell-check">Spell Check</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-docs/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-docs/index.html
index 773fc32..9a31ca5 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-docs/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-docs/index.html
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
"description": "# spell check only for cpp comments"
}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#markdown-files">Markdown Files</a></li><li><a href="#api-references">API References</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#spell-check">Spell Check</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#markdown-files">Markdown Files</a></li><li><a href="#api-references">API References</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#spell-check">Spell Check</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/device.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/device.html
index 44334fe..5dbfdac 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/device.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/device.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
ary1 = device.create_cuda_gpus(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices, starting from ID 0</span>
ary2 = device.create_cuda_gpus([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices on ID 0 and 2</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/device/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/device/index.html
index 44334fe..5dbfdac 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/device/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/device/index.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
ary1 = device.create_cuda_gpus(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices, starting from ID 0</span>
ary2 = device.create_cuda_gpus([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices on ID 0 and 2</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/dist-train.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/dist-train.html
index 0bac636..2f418bf 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/dist-train.html
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partitioned training data. Once the sub-gradient is calculated on each
processes, the overall stochastic gradient is obtained by all-reducing the
sub-gradients evaluated by all processes.</p>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/dist-train/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/dist-train/index.html
index 0bac636..2f418bf 100644
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+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/dist-train/index.html
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@
partitioned training data. Once the sub-gradient is calculated on each
processes, the overall stochastic gradient is obtained by all-reducing the
sub-gradients evaluated by all processes.</p>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/downloads.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/downloads.html
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@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@
<li>Unit test using gtest</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/22/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/half-precision"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Half Precision</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/build"><span>Build SINGA from Source</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#verify">Verify</a></li><li><a href="#v320-15-august-2021">V3.2.0 (15 August 2021):</a></li><li><a href="#v310-30-october-2020">V3.1.0 (30 October 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#v300-18-april-2020">V3.0.0 (18 April 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v200-20-april-2019">Incubating v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018">Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017">Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016">Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016">Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016">Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/downloads/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/downloads/index.html
index f2c566e..6a7f211 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/downloads/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/downloads/index.html
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@
<li>Unit test using gtest</li>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/examples.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/examples.html
index d576a99..3684f63 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/examples.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/examples.html
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
<li>Restricted Boltzmann Machine over the MNIST dataset, <a href="">source</a>,
<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19996noGu9JyHHkVmp4edBGu7PJSRQKsd">Colab</a>.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#text-classification">Text Classification</a></li><li><a href="#text-ranking">Text Ranking</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#text-classification">Text Classification</a></li><li><a href="#text-ranking">Text Ranking</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/examples/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/examples/index.html
index d576a99..3684f63 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/examples/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/examples/index.html
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
<li>Restricted Boltzmann Machine over the MNIST dataset, <a href="">source</a>,
<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19996noGu9JyHHkVmp4edBGu7PJSRQKsd">Colab</a>.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#text-classification">Text Classification</a></li><li><a href="#text-ranking">Text Ranking</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#text-classification">Text Classification</a></li><li><a href="#text-ranking">Text Ranking</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/git-workflow.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/git-workflow.html
index d7a73d1..e243d64 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/git-workflow.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/git-workflow.html
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
</code></pre>
<p>Do not use rebase to merge the PR; and disable fast forward.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/git-workflow/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/git-workflow/index.html
index d7a73d1..e243d64 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/git-workflow/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/git-workflow/index.html
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
</code></pre>
<p>Do not use rebase to merge the PR; and disable fast forward.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/graph.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/graph.html
index b0d5b72..3a78135 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/graph.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/graph.html
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@
<li>Currently, there is a little improvement in terms of speed. More optimizations
can be done towards the efficiency.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/graph/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/graph/index.html
index b0d5b72..3a78135 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/graph/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/graph/index.html
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@
<li>Currently, there is a little improvement in terms of speed. More optimizations
can be done towards the efficiency.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/half-precision.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/half-precision.html
index 2ded644..309293c 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/half-precision.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/half-precision.html
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@
<span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/16/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/time-profiling"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Time Profiling</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-definition">Half data type definition</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-operation">Half data type operation</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-three-step">Training in Half three step</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-dependency">Half Type Dependency</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/16/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/time-profiling"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Time Profiling</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-definition">Half data type definition</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-operation">Half data type operation</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-three-step">Training in Half three step</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-dependency">Half Type Dependency</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/half-precision/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/half-precision/index.html
index 2ded644..309293c 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/half-precision/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/half-precision/index.html
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@
<span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/16/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/time-profiling"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Time Profiling</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-definition">Half data type definition</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-operation">Half data type operation</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-three-step">Training in Half three step</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-dependency">Half Type Dependency</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/16/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/time-profiling"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Time Profiling</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-definition">Half data type definition</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-operation">Half data type operation</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-three-step">Training in Half three step</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-dependency">Half Type Dependency</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/history-singa.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/history-singa.html
index 3d19b2f..5967d3e 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/history-singa.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/history-singa.html
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="license"></a><a href="#license" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>License</h2>
<p>SINGA is released under
<a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License Version 2.0</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/history-singa/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/history-singa/index.html
index 3d19b2f..5967d3e 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/history-singa/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/history-singa/index.html
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="license"></a><a href="#license" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>License</h2>
<p>SINGA is released under
<a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License Version 2.0</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/how-to-release.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/how-to-release.html
index 414b89a..b5dea2c 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/how-to-release.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/how-to-release.html
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
On behalf of the SINGA team, {SINGA Team Member Name}
<span class="hljs-code">```</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/how-to-release/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/how-to-release/index.html
index 414b89a..b5dea2c 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/how-to-release/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/how-to-release/index.html
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
On behalf of the SINGA team, {SINGA Team Member Name}
<span class="hljs-code">```</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/initializer.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/initializer.html
index 53a0b5c..17f94a3 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/initializer.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/initializer.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.2.0.rc1</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/initializer.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Initializer</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
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<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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</ul>
<p>A video tutorial for running the unit tests can be found here:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOjwtrvTPn4"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YOjwtrvTPn4/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/install-win/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/install-win/index.html
index 0b57e77..a8476a9 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/install-win/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/install-win/index.html
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@
</ul>
<p>A video tutorial for running the unit tests can be found here:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOjwtrvTPn4"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YOjwtrvTPn4/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/installation.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/installation.html
index 546c1d4..da9e729 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/installation.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/installation.html
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@
via <code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>. This problem should be resolved if
SINGA is installed via conda.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#using-conda">Using Conda</a></li><li><a href="#using-pip">Using Pip</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#using-conda">Using Conda</a></li><li><a href="#using-pip">Using Pip</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/installation/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/installation/index.html
index 546c1d4..da9e729 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/installation/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/installation/index.html
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@
via <code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>. This problem should be resolved if
SINGA is installed via conda.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#using-conda">Using Conda</a></li><li><a href="#using-pip">Using Pip</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#using-conda">Using Conda</a></li><li><a href="#using-pip">Using Pip</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/issue-tracking.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/issue-tracking.html
index 2dc5a99..24acc19 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/issue-tracking.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/issue-tracking.html
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
<p>SINGA used <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/singa">JIRA</a> to manage issues
including bugs, new features and discussions.</p>
<p>We are now moving to <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/issues">Github Issues</a>.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/issue-tracking/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/issue-tracking/index.html
index 2dc5a99..24acc19 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/issue-tracking/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/issue-tracking/index.html
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
<p>SINGA used <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/singa">JIRA</a> to manage issues
including bugs, new features and discussions.</p>
<p>We are now moving to <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/issues">Github Issues</a>.</p>
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</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.2.0.rc1</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/loss.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Loss</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/loss/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/loss/index.html
index f7b4a5e..305009f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/loss/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/loss/index.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.2.0.rc1</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/loss.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Loss</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/mail-lists.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/mail-lists.html
index e6aa83f..52db497 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/mail-lists.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/mail-lists.html
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<tr><td>Security</td><td><a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">security@singa.apache.org</a></td><td>private</td><td>private</td><td>private</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/source-repository"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Source Repository</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/issue-tracking"><span>Issue Tracking</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/mail-lists/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/mail-lists/index.html
index e6aa83f..52db497 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/mail-lists/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/mail-lists/index.html
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<tr><td>Security</td><td><a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">security@singa.apache.org</a></td><td>private</td><td>private</td><td>private</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/metric.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/metric.html
index 59e0ab7..f72fc0e 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/metric.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/metric.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.2.0.rc1</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/metric.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Metric</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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index 59e0ab7..f72fc0e 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/metric/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/metric/index.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.2.0.rc1</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/metric.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Metric</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-char-rnn.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-char-rnn.html
index 1ae8e4d..342a0d5 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-char-rnn.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-char-rnn.html
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python sample.py 'model.bin' 100 --seed '#include <std'
</code></pre>
<p>Please replace 'model.bin' with the path to one of the checkpoint paths.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-char-rnn/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-char-rnn/index.html
index 1ae8e4d..342a0d5 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-char-rnn/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-char-rnn/index.html
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python sample.py 'model.bin' 100 --seed '#include <std'
</code></pre>
<p>Please replace 'model.bin' with the path to one of the checkpoint paths.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html
index 6144070..3083885 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
<p>The predict.py file's main function provides an example of using the pre-trained alexnet model to do prediction for new images. The 'model.bin' file generated by the training program should be placed at the cifar10 folder to run</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python predict.py
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10/index.html
index 6144070..3083885 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10/index.html
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
<p>The predict.py file's main function provides an example of using the pre-trained alexnet model to do prediction for new images. The 'model.bin' file generated by the training program should be placed at the cifar10 folder to run</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python predict.py
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.html
index a7a69d8..5344402 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.html
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
<li><code>-nthreads <int></code>: the number of threads to load data which feed to the model.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet/index.html
index a7a69d8..5344402 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet/index.html
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
<li><code>-nthreads <int></code>: the number of threads to load data which feed to the model.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.html
index 60cec76..b4b1b3b 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.html
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html
index 60cec76..b4b1b3b 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.html
index 0d323d3..94ea12d 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.html
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
pickle.dump(params, fd)
</code></pre>
<p>Then we construct the GoogleNet using SINGA's FeedForwardNet structure. Note that we added a EndPadding layer to resolve the issue from discrepancy of the rounding strategy of the pooling layer between Caffe (ceil) and cuDNN (floor). Only the MaxPooling layers outside inception blocks have this problem. Refer to <a href="https://gist.github.com/joelouismarino/a2ede9ab3928f999575423b9887abd14">this</a> for more detials.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html
index 0d323d3..94ea12d 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
pickle.dump(params, fd)
</code></pre>
<p>Then we construct the GoogleNet using SINGA's FeedForwardNet structure. Note that we added a EndPadding layer to resolve the issue from discrepancy of the rounding strategy of the pooling layer between Caffe (ceil) and cuDNN (floor). Only the MaxPooling layers outside inception blocks have this problem. Refer to <a href="https://gist.github.com/joelouismarino/a2ede9ab3928f999575423b9887abd14">this</a> for more detials.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html
index fe2d1b8..f189677 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
<p>We first extract the parameter values from <a href="http://download.tensorflow.org/models/inception_v4_2016_09_09.tar.gz">Tensorflow's checkpoint file</a> into a pickle version. After downloading and decompressing the checkpoint file, run the following script</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py --file_name=inception_v4.ckpt</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-inception/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-inception/index.html
index fe2d1b8..f189677 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-inception/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-inception/index.html
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
<p>We first extract the parameter values from <a href="http://download.tensorflow.org/models/inception_v4_2016_09_09.tar.gz">Tensorflow's checkpoint file</a> into a pickle version. After downloading and decompressing the checkpoint file, run the following script</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py --file_name=inception_v4.ckpt</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html
index 145853e..84a15a7 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">$ <span class="hljs-keyword">python</span> convert.<span class="hljs-keyword">py</span> -h
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet/index.html
index 145853e..84a15a7 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet/index.html
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">$ <span class="hljs-keyword">python</span> convert.<span class="hljs-keyword">py</span> -h
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html
index 5083a26..b00b1d6 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg/index.html
index 5083a26..b00b1d6 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg/index.html
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-rbm-mnist.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-rbm-mnist.html
index 43cd6ee..ab2d0ab 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-rbm-mnist.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-rbm-mnist.html
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
<p>By default the training code would run on CPU. To run it on a GPU card, please start the program with an additional argument</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python train.py mnist.pkl.gz --use_gpu
</code></pre>
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#running-instructions">Running instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html
index 43cd6ee..ab2d0ab 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
<p>By default the training code would run on CPU. To run it on a GPU card, please start the program with an additional argument</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python train.py mnist.pkl.gz --use_gpu
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#running-instructions">Running instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#running-instructions">Running instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/onnx.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/onnx.html
index 49fdc4d..edd7fc8 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/onnx.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/onnx.html
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sonnxmodel"></a><a href="#sonnxmodel" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SONNXModel</h3>
<p><code>SONNXModel</code> inherits from <code>sonnx.SONNXModel</code> and implements the method
<code>forward</code> to provide a unified API with other SINGA models.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/11/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li><li><a href="#sonnxmodel">SONNXModel</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/11/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li><li><a href="#sonnxmodel">SONNXModel</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/onnx/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/onnx/index.html
index 49fdc4d..edd7fc8 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/onnx/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/onnx/index.html
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sonnxmodel"></a><a href="#sonnxmodel" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SONNXModel</h3>
<p><code>SONNXModel</code> inherits from <code>sonnx.SONNXModel</code> and implements the method
<code>forward</code> to provide a unified API with other SINGA models.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/11/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li><li><a href="#sonnxmodel">SONNXModel</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/11/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li><li><a href="#sonnxmodel">SONNXModel</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/optimizer.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/optimizer.html
index d425a31..f07ee1c 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/optimizer.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/optimizer.html
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
<span class="hljs-comment"># Training with one batch</span>
out, loss = model(tx, ty)
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/7/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-an-optimizer">Create an optimizer</a></li><li><a href="#create-a-decay-scheduler">Create a Decay Scheduler</a></li><li><a href="#use-the-optimizer-in-model-api">Use the optimizer in Model API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/7/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-an-optimizer">Create an optimizer</a></li><li><a href="#create-a-decay-scheduler">Create a Decay Scheduler</a></li><li><a href="#use-the-optimizer-in-model-api">Use the optimizer in Model API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/optimizer/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/optimizer/index.html
index d425a31..f07ee1c 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/optimizer/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/optimizer/index.html
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
<span class="hljs-comment"># Training with one batch</span>
out, loss = model(tx, ty)
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/7/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-an-optimizer">Create an optimizer</a></li><li><a href="#create-a-decay-scheduler">Create a Decay Scheduler</a></li><li><a href="#use-the-optimizer-in-model-api">Use the optimizer in Model API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/7/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-an-optimizer">Create an optimizer</a></li><li><a href="#create-a-decay-scheduler">Create a Decay Scheduler</a></li><li><a href="#use-the-optimizer-in-model-api">Use the optimizer in Model API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html
index 06f828c..16ab7ed 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-41">SINGA-41</a> Support single node
single GPU training</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html
index 06f828c..16ab7ed 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-41">SINGA-41</a> Support single node
single GPU training</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html
index b52be3b..161560f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-116] Fix a bug in InnerProductLayer caused by weight matrix sharing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html
index b52be3b..161560f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-116] Fix a bug in InnerProductLayer caused by weight matrix sharing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html
index f51f7a5..67053c3 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-143] The compilation cannot detect libsingagpu.so file</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html
index f51f7a5..67053c3 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-143] The compilation cannot detect libsingagpu.so file</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html
index 0136009..25c7632 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-172] Add CMake supporting for Cuda and Cudnn libs</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html
index 0136009..25c7632 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-172] Add CMake supporting for Cuda and Cudnn libs</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html
index ea5c891..29b23cc 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
Python</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html
index ea5c891..29b23cc 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
Python</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html
index cecd5e5..c2acca8 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-369] the errors of examples in testing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html
index cecd5e5..c2acca8 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-369] the errors of examples in testing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html
index 59828b8..31ed7ab 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-380] Fix bugs from Reshape</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html
index 59828b8..31ed7ab 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-380] Fix bugs from Reshape</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.html
index 82389c9..25a5a21 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.html
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html
index 2201686..6efa58f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1/index.html
index 2201686..6efa58f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1/index.html
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0/index.html
index 82389c9..25a5a21 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0/index.html
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/19/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/19/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html
index 2ebb47d..5219f41 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
gradient by param python object id for testing purpose.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0/index.html
index 2ebb47d..5219f41 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0/index.html
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
gradient by param python object id for testing purpose.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1.html
index dcc4fdb..ac8152f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1.html
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<li>Solve the warnings of deprecated functions in the distributed optimizer module.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 8/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1/index.html
index dcc4fdb..ac8152f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1/index.html
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<li>Solve the warnings of deprecated functions in the distributed optimizer module.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 8/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 8/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/security.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/security.html
index 706ac56..734bcbb 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/security.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/security.html
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
</script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/security.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Security</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p>Users can report security vulnerabilities to
<a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">SINGA Security Team Mail List</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/security/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/security/index.html
index 706ac56..734bcbb 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/security/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/security/index.html
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
</script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/security.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Security</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p>Users can report security vulnerabilities to
<a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">SINGA Security Team Mail List</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/software-stack.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/software-stack.html
index c8e85f3..1cecec5 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/software-stack.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/software-stack.html
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
<li>SingaBackend for loading onnx format model into SINGA for training and
inference.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/software-stack/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/software-stack/index.html
index c8e85f3..1cecec5 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/software-stack/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/software-stack/index.html
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
<li>SingaBackend for loading onnx format model into SINGA for training and
inference.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/source-repository.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/source-repository.html
index cf1d9cc..768295b 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/source-repository.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/source-repository.html
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
<p>The code can be cloned from either repo, e.g.,</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/source-repository/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/source-repository/index.html
index cf1d9cc..768295b 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/source-repository/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/source-repository/index.html
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
<p>The code can be cloned from either repo, e.g.,</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/team-list.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/team-list.html
index c0c170c..ae73f3e 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/team-list.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/team-list.html
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
<tr><td>Zhaojing Luo</td><td><a href="mailto:zhaojing@apache.org">zhaojing@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Thejas Nair</td><td><a href="mailto:thejas@apache.org">thejas@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
<tr><td>Beng Chin Ooi</td><td><a href="mailto:ooibc@apache.org">ooibc@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
-<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>DePaul University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>Université Grenoble Alpes</td></tr>
<tr><td>Kian-Lee Tan</td><td><a href="mailto:tankianlee@apache.org">tankianlee@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Sheng Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangsh@apache.org">wangsh@apache.org</a></td><td>DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group</td></tr>
<tr><td>Wei Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangwei@apache.org">wangwei@apache.org</a></td><td>ByteDance</td></tr>
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
<tr><td>Chang Yao</td><td><a href="mailto:yaochang2009@gmail.com">yaochang2009@gmail.com</a></td><td>Hangzhou MZH Technologies</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 3/7/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 3/7/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/team-list/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/team-list/index.html
index c0c170c..ae73f3e 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/team-list/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/team-list/index.html
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
<tr><td>Zhaojing Luo</td><td><a href="mailto:zhaojing@apache.org">zhaojing@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Thejas Nair</td><td><a href="mailto:thejas@apache.org">thejas@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
<tr><td>Beng Chin Ooi</td><td><a href="mailto:ooibc@apache.org">ooibc@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
-<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>DePaul University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>Université Grenoble Alpes</td></tr>
<tr><td>Kian-Lee Tan</td><td><a href="mailto:tankianlee@apache.org">tankianlee@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Sheng Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangsh@apache.org">wangsh@apache.org</a></td><td>DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group</td></tr>
<tr><td>Wei Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangwei@apache.org">wangwei@apache.org</a></td><td>ByteDance</td></tr>
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
<tr><td>Chang Yao</td><td><a href="mailto:yaochang2009@gmail.com">yaochang2009@gmail.com</a></td><td>Hangzhou MZH Technologies</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 3/7/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/tensor.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/tensor.html
index 7ddbf25..0bfdb96 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/tensor.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/tensor.html
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#use-tensor-to-train-mlp">use Tensor to train MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#use-tensor-to-train-mlp">use Tensor to train MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/tensor/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/tensor/index.html
index 7ddbf25..0bfdb96 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/tensor/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/tensor/index.html
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#use-tensor-to-train-mlp">use Tensor to train MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#use-tensor-to-train-mlp">use Tensor to train MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/time-profiling.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/time-profiling.html
index d562861..1d10f4c 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/time-profiling.html
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@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/27/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/half-precision"><span>Half Precision</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#setup-the-time-profiling-verbosity">Setup the Time Profiling Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#example-outputs-for-different-verbosity">Example Outputs for Different Verbosity</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/27/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/half-precision"><span>Half Precision</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#setup-the-time-profiling-verbosity">Setup the Time Profiling Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#example-outputs-for-different-verbosity">Example Outputs for Different Verbosity</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/time-profiling/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/time-profiling/index.html
index d562861..1d10f4c 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/time-profiling/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/time-profiling/index.html
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/27/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/half-precision"><span>Half Precision</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#setup-the-time-profiling-verbosity">Setup the Time Profiling Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#example-outputs-for-different-verbosity">Example Outputs for Different Verbosity</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/27/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/half-precision"><span>Half Precision</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#setup-the-time-profiling-verbosity">Setup the Time Profiling Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#example-outputs-for-different-verbosity">Example Outputs for Different Verbosity</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-cpu-dev.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-cpu-dev.html
index 3b18708..f78b259 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-cpu-dev.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-cpu-dev.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html
index 3b18708..f78b259 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-cpu.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-cpu.html
index 3a644dd..c644957 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-cpu.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-cpu.html
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-cpu/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-cpu/index.html
index 3a644dd..c644957 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-cpu/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-cpu/index.html
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-gpu-dev.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-gpu-dev.html
index f417618..2dac5ca 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-gpu-dev.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-gpu-dev.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
index f417618..2dac5ca 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-gpu.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-gpu.html
index 4f87685..cdd9a26 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-gpu.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-gpu.html
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-gpu/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-gpu/index.html
index 4f87685..cdd9a26 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-gpu/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0.rc1/wheel-gpu/index.html
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/autograd.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/autograd.html
index aa06120..d0379ee 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/autograd.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/autograd.html
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@
<p>Refer
<a href="https://singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/autograd.html#module-singa.autograd">here</a>
for more details of Python API.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/17/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/optimizer"><span>Optimizer</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-model-api">Using the Model API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/17/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/optimizer"><span>Optimizer</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-model-api">Using the Model API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/autograd/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/autograd/index.html
index aa06120..d0379ee 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/autograd/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/autograd/index.html
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@
<p>Refer
<a href="https://singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/autograd.html#module-singa.autograd">here</a>
for more details of Python API.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/17/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/optimizer"><span>Optimizer</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-model-api">Using the Model API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/17/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/optimizer"><span>Optimizer</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-model-api">Using the Model API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/benchmark-train.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/benchmark-train.html
index 76b9725..86b32a7 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/benchmark-train.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/benchmark-train.html
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
the server.</p>
<p><img src="/docs/assets/benchmark.png" alt="Benchmark Experiments"> <br/> <strong>Scalability test. Bars
are for the throughput; lines are for the communication cost.</strong></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/benchmark-train/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/benchmark-train/index.html
index 76b9725..86b32a7 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/benchmark-train/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/benchmark-train/index.html
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
the server.</p>
<p><img src="/docs/assets/benchmark.png" alt="Benchmark Experiments"> <br/> <strong>Scalability test. Bars
are for the throughput; lines are for the communication cost.</strong></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/build.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/build.html
index 58df7d7..db2e98b 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/build.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/build.html
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@
to change the python interpreter, e.g., reset the $PATH to put the correct
path of Python at the front position.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/build/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/build/index.html
index 58df7d7..db2e98b 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/build/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/build/index.html
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@
to change the python interpreter, e.g., reset the $PATH to put the correct
path of Python at the front position.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/contribute-code.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/contribute-code.html
index 4e63ad4..ce2ce9f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/contribute-code.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/contribute-code.html
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="workflow"></a><a href="#workflow" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Workflow</h2>
<p>Please refer to the <a href="/docs/3.2.0/git-workflow">git workflow page</a>.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/contribute-code/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/contribute-code/index.html
index 4e63ad4..ce2ce9f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/contribute-code/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/contribute-code/index.html
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="workflow"></a><a href="#workflow" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Workflow</h2>
<p>Please refer to the <a href="/docs/3.2.0/git-workflow">git workflow page</a>.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/contribute-docs.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/contribute-docs.html
index 9bbde9c..6868901 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/contribute-docs.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/contribute-docs.html
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
"description": "# spell check only for cpp comments"
}
</code></pre>
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#markdown-files">Markdown Files</a></li><li><a href="#api-references">API References</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#spell-check">Spell Check</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/contribute-docs/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/contribute-docs/index.html
index 9bbde9c..6868901 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/contribute-docs/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/contribute-docs/index.html
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
"description": "# spell check only for cpp comments"
}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#markdown-files">Markdown Files</a></li><li><a href="#api-references">API References</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#spell-check">Spell Check</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#markdown-files">Markdown Files</a></li><li><a href="#api-references">API References</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#spell-check">Spell Check</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/device.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/device.html
index 1d3d0a4..d6e919e 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/device.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/device.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
ary1 = device.create_cuda_gpus(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices, starting from ID 0</span>
ary2 = device.create_cuda_gpus([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices on ID 0 and 2</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/device/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/device/index.html
index 1d3d0a4..d6e919e 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/device/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/device/index.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
ary1 = device.create_cuda_gpus(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices, starting from ID 0</span>
ary2 = device.create_cuda_gpus([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices on ID 0 and 2</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/dist-train.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/dist-train.html
index ca4543f..c0a99bd 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/dist-train.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/dist-train.html
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@
partitioned training data. Once the sub-gradient is calculated on each
processes, the overall stochastic gradient is obtained by all-reducing the
sub-gradients evaluated by all processes.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/onnx"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>ONNX</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/time-profiling"><span>Time Profiling</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example-code">Example Code</a></li><li><a href="#execution-instruction">Execution Instruction</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#optimizations-for-distributed-training">Optimizations for Distributed Training</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#no-optimizations">No Optimizations</a></li><li><a href="#half-precision-gradients">Half-precision Gradients</a></li><li><a href="#partial-synchronization">Partial Synchronization</a></li><li><a href="#gradient-sparsification">Gradient Sparsification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#c-interface-for-nccl-communicator">C interface for NCCL communicator</a></li><li><a href="#python-interface-for-distopt">Python interface for DistOpt</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/onnx"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>ONNX</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/time-profiling"><span>Time Profiling</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example-code">Example Code</a></li><li><a href="#execution-instruction">Execution Instruction</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#optimizations-for-distributed-training">Optimizations for Distributed Training</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#no-optimizations">No Optimizations</a></li><li><a href="#half-precision-gradients">Half-precision Gradients</a></li><li><a href="#partial-synchronization">Partial Synchronization</a></li><li><a href="#gradient-sparsification">Gradient Sparsification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#c-interface-for-nccl-communicator">C interface for NCCL communicator</a></li><li><a href="#python-interface-for-distopt">Python interface for DistOpt</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/dist-train/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/dist-train/index.html
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partitioned training data. Once the sub-gradient is calculated on each
processes, the overall stochastic gradient is obtained by all-reducing the
sub-gradients evaluated by all processes.</p>
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/onnx"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>ONNX</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/time-profiling"><span>Time Profiling</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example-code">Example Code</a></li><li><a href="#execution-instruction">Execution Instruction</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#optimizations-for-distributed-training">Optimizations for Distributed Training</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#no-optimizations">No Optimizations</a></li><li><a href="#half-precision-gradients">Half-precision Gradients</a></li><li><a href="#partial-synchronization">Partial Synchronization</a></li><li><a href="#gradient-sparsification">Gradient Sparsification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#c-interface-for-nccl-communicator">C interface for NCCL communicator</a></li><li><a href="#python-interface-for-distopt">Python interface for DistOpt</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/downloads.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/downloads.html
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<li>Unit test using gtest</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/22/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/half-precision"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Half Precision</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/build"><span>Build SINGA from Source</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#verify">Verify</a></li><li><a href="#v320-15-august-2021">V3.2.0 (15 August 2021):</a></li><li><a href="#v310-30-october-2020">V3.1.0 (30 October 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#v300-18-april-2020">V3.0.0 (18 April 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v200-20-april-2019">Incubating v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018">Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017">Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016">Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016">Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016">Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/downloads/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/downloads/index.html
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--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/downloads/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/downloads/index.html
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@
<li>Unit test using gtest</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/examples.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/examples.html
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--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/examples.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/examples.html
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
<li>Restricted Boltzmann Machine over the MNIST dataset, <a href="">source</a>,
<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19996noGu9JyHHkVmp4edBGu7PJSRQKsd">Colab</a>.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#text-classification">Text Classification</a></li><li><a href="#text-ranking">Text Ranking</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#text-classification">Text Classification</a></li><li><a href="#text-ranking">Text Ranking</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/examples/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/examples/index.html
index a242fff..fa27ff7 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/examples/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/examples/index.html
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
<li>Restricted Boltzmann Machine over the MNIST dataset, <a href="">source</a>,
<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19996noGu9JyHHkVmp4edBGu7PJSRQKsd">Colab</a>.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#text-classification">Text Classification</a></li><li><a href="#text-ranking">Text Ranking</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#text-classification">Text Classification</a></li><li><a href="#text-ranking">Text Ranking</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/git-workflow.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/git-workflow.html
index 9621ba4..fda9a04 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/git-workflow.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/git-workflow.html
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
</code></pre>
<p>Do not use rebase to merge the PR; and disable fast forward.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/git-workflow/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/git-workflow/index.html
index 9621ba4..fda9a04 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/git-workflow/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/git-workflow/index.html
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
</code></pre>
<p>Do not use rebase to merge the PR; and disable fast forward.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/graph.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/graph.html
index 2b5fc50..69f6c10 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/graph.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/graph.html
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@
<li>Currently, there is a little improvement in terms of speed. More optimizations
can be done towards the efficiency.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/graph/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/graph/index.html
index 2b5fc50..69f6c10 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/graph/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/graph/index.html
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@
<li>Currently, there is a little improvement in terms of speed. More optimizations
can be done towards the efficiency.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/half-precision.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/half-precision.html
index 5a9471b..2d2fbbf 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/half-precision.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/half-precision.html
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@
<span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/16/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/time-profiling"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Time Profiling</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-definition">Half data type definition</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-operation">Half data type operation</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-three-step">Training in Half three step</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-dependency">Half Type Dependency</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/16/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/time-profiling"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Time Profiling</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-definition">Half data type definition</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-operation">Half data type operation</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-three-step">Training in Half three step</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-dependency">Half Type Dependency</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/half-precision/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/half-precision/index.html
index 5a9471b..2d2fbbf 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/half-precision/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/half-precision/index.html
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@
<span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/16/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/time-profiling"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Time Profiling</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-definition">Half data type definition</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-operation">Half data type operation</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-three-step">Training in Half three step</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-dependency">Half Type Dependency</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/16/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/time-profiling"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Time Profiling</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-definition">Half data type definition</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-operation">Half data type operation</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-three-step">Training in Half three step</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-dependency">Half Type Dependency</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/history-singa.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/history-singa.html
index e91ddde..452e6e2 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/history-singa.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/history-singa.html
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="license"></a><a href="#license" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>License</h2>
<p>SINGA is released under
<a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License Version 2.0</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/history-singa/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/history-singa/index.html
index e91ddde..452e6e2 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/history-singa/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/history-singa/index.html
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="license"></a><a href="#license" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>License</h2>
<p>SINGA is released under
<a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License Version 2.0</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/how-to-release.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/how-to-release.html
index 576b385..9d801f2 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/how-to-release.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/how-to-release.html
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
On behalf of the SINGA team, {SINGA Team Member Name}
<span class="hljs-code">```</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/how-to-release/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/how-to-release/index.html
index 576b385..9d801f2 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/how-to-release/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/how-to-release/index.html
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
On behalf of the SINGA team, {SINGA Team Member Name}
<span class="hljs-code">```</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/initializer.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/initializer.html
index 752ab04..cdf450e 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/initializer.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/initializer.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.2.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.2.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.2.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/initializer.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Initializer</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/install-win.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/install-win.html
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@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@
</ul>
<p>A video tutorial for running the unit tests can be found here:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOjwtrvTPn4"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YOjwtrvTPn4/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/install-win/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/install-win/index.html
index 8319506..e9ec134 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/install-win/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/install-win/index.html
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@
</ul>
<p>A video tutorial for running the unit tests can be found here:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOjwtrvTPn4"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YOjwtrvTPn4/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/installation.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/installation.html
index ebdce75..78d60b4 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/installation.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/installation.html
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@
via <code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>. This problem should be resolved if
SINGA is installed via conda.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#using-conda">Using Conda</a></li><li><a href="#using-pip">Using Pip</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#using-conda">Using Conda</a></li><li><a href="#using-pip">Using Pip</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/installation/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/installation/index.html
index ebdce75..78d60b4 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/installation/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/installation/index.html
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@
via <code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>. This problem should be resolved if
SINGA is installed via conda.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#using-conda">Using Conda</a></li><li><a href="#using-pip">Using Pip</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#using-conda">Using Conda</a></li><li><a href="#using-pip">Using Pip</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/issue-tracking.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/issue-tracking.html
index b5223c2..519436c 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/issue-tracking.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/issue-tracking.html
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
<p>SINGA used <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/singa">JIRA</a> to manage issues
including bugs, new features and discussions.</p>
<p>We are now moving to <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/issues">Github Issues</a>.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/issue-tracking/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/issue-tracking/index.html
index b5223c2..519436c 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/issue-tracking/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/issue-tracking/index.html
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
<p>SINGA used <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/singa">JIRA</a> to manage issues
including bugs, new features and discussions.</p>
<p>We are now moving to <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/issues">Github Issues</a>.</p>
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<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.2.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.2.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.2.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/loss.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Loss</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/loss/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/loss/index.html
index 42b953f..ab8dab8 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/loss/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/loss/index.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.2.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.2.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.2.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/loss.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Loss</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/mail-lists.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/mail-lists.html
index 7ee6103..d129a88 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/mail-lists.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/mail-lists.html
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<tr><td>Security</td><td><a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">security@singa.apache.org</a></td><td>private</td><td>private</td><td>private</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/source-repository"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Source Repository</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/issue-tracking"><span>Issue Tracking</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/mail-lists/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/mail-lists/index.html
index 7ee6103..d129a88 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/mail-lists/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/mail-lists/index.html
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<tr><td>Security</td><td><a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">security@singa.apache.org</a></td><td>private</td><td>private</td><td>private</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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index 10bf1db..493e02d 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/metric.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/metric.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.2.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.2.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.2.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/metric.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Metric</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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index 10bf1db..493e02d 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/metric/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/metric/index.html
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.2.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.2.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.2.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/metric.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Metric</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-char-rnn.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-char-rnn.html
index 3b7f1a0..3ff93ee 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-char-rnn.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-char-rnn.html
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python sample.py 'model.bin' 100 --seed '#include <std'
</code></pre>
<p>Please replace 'model.bin' with the path to one of the checkpoint paths.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-char-rnn/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-char-rnn/index.html
index 3b7f1a0..3ff93ee 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-char-rnn/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-char-rnn/index.html
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python sample.py 'model.bin' 100 --seed '#include <std'
</code></pre>
<p>Please replace 'model.bin' with the path to one of the checkpoint paths.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html
index a03155d..b458e8f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
<p>The predict.py file's main function provides an example of using the pre-trained alexnet model to do prediction for new images. The 'model.bin' file generated by the training program should be placed at the cifar10 folder to run</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python predict.py
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10/index.html
index a03155d..b458e8f 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10/index.html
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
<p>The predict.py file's main function provides an example of using the pre-trained alexnet model to do prediction for new images. The 'model.bin' file generated by the training program should be placed at the cifar10 folder to run</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python predict.py
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.html
index 2d9eac7..93bff16 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.html
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
<li><code>-nthreads <int></code>: the number of threads to load data which feed to the model.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet/index.html
index 2d9eac7..93bff16 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet/index.html
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
<li><code>-nthreads <int></code>: the number of threads to load data which feed to the model.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.html
index f4d6063..c221c50 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.html
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html
index f4d6063..c221c50 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.html
index eabbaf4..6737ab4 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.html
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
pickle.dump(params, fd)
</code></pre>
<p>Then we construct the GoogleNet using SINGA's FeedForwardNet structure. Note that we added a EndPadding layer to resolve the issue from discrepancy of the rounding strategy of the pooling layer between Caffe (ceil) and cuDNN (floor). Only the MaxPooling layers outside inception blocks have this problem. Refer to <a href="https://gist.github.com/joelouismarino/a2ede9ab3928f999575423b9887abd14">this</a> for more detials.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html
index eabbaf4..6737ab4 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
pickle.dump(params, fd)
</code></pre>
<p>Then we construct the GoogleNet using SINGA's FeedForwardNet structure. Note that we added a EndPadding layer to resolve the issue from discrepancy of the rounding strategy of the pooling layer between Caffe (ceil) and cuDNN (floor). Only the MaxPooling layers outside inception blocks have this problem. Refer to <a href="https://gist.github.com/joelouismarino/a2ede9ab3928f999575423b9887abd14">this</a> for more detials.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html
index 7aefa55..7b46b76 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
<p>We first extract the parameter values from <a href="http://download.tensorflow.org/models/inception_v4_2016_09_09.tar.gz">Tensorflow's checkpoint file</a> into a pickle version. After downloading and decompressing the checkpoint file, run the following script</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py --file_name=inception_v4.ckpt</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception/index.html
index 7aefa55..7b46b76 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-inception/index.html
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
<p>We first extract the parameter values from <a href="http://download.tensorflow.org/models/inception_v4_2016_09_09.tar.gz">Tensorflow's checkpoint file</a> into a pickle version. After downloading and decompressing the checkpoint file, run the following script</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py --file_name=inception_v4.ckpt</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html
index 95a4fcf..e36f20b 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">$ <span class="hljs-keyword">python</span> convert.<span class="hljs-keyword">py</span> -h
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet/index.html
index 95a4fcf..e36f20b 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet/index.html
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">$ <span class="hljs-keyword">python</span> convert.<span class="hljs-keyword">py</span> -h
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html
index 0123030..d5f76fd 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg/index.html
index 0123030..d5f76fd 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg/index.html
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist.html
index a9b62f8..74ebb4d 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist.html
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
<p>By default the training code would run on CPU. To run it on a GPU card, please start the program with an additional argument</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python train.py mnist.pkl.gz --use_gpu
</code></pre>
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#running-instructions">Running instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html
index a9b62f8..74ebb4d 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
<p>By default the training code would run on CPU. To run it on a GPU card, please start the program with an additional argument</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python train.py mnist.pkl.gz --use_gpu
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#running-instructions">Running instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#running-instructions">Running instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/onnx.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/onnx.html
index 8e549b9..178a7f2 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/onnx.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/onnx.html
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sonnxmodel"></a><a href="#sonnxmodel" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SONNXModel</h3>
<p><code>SONNXModel</code> inherits from <code>sonnx.SONNXModel</code> and implements the method
<code>forward</code> to provide a unified API with other SINGA models.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/11/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li><li><a href="#sonnxmodel">SONNXModel</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/11/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li><li><a href="#sonnxmodel">SONNXModel</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/onnx/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/onnx/index.html
index 8e549b9..178a7f2 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/onnx/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/onnx/index.html
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sonnxmodel"></a><a href="#sonnxmodel" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SONNXModel</h3>
<p><code>SONNXModel</code> inherits from <code>sonnx.SONNXModel</code> and implements the method
<code>forward</code> to provide a unified API with other SINGA models.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/11/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li><li><a href="#sonnxmodel">SONNXModel</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/11/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li><li><a href="#sonnxmodel">SONNXModel</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/optimizer.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/optimizer.html
index df1e876..a5b91bf 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/optimizer.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/optimizer.html
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
<span class="hljs-comment"># Training with one batch</span>
out, loss = model(tx, ty)
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/7/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-an-optimizer">Create an optimizer</a></li><li><a href="#create-a-decay-scheduler">Create a Decay Scheduler</a></li><li><a href="#use-the-optimizer-in-model-api">Use the optimizer in Model API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/7/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-an-optimizer">Create an optimizer</a></li><li><a href="#create-a-decay-scheduler">Create a Decay Scheduler</a></li><li><a href="#use-the-optimizer-in-model-api">Use the optimizer in Model API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/optimizer/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/optimizer/index.html
index df1e876..a5b91bf 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/optimizer/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/optimizer/index.html
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
<span class="hljs-comment"># Training with one batch</span>
out, loss = model(tx, ty)
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/7/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-an-optimizer">Create an optimizer</a></li><li><a href="#create-a-decay-scheduler">Create a Decay Scheduler</a></li><li><a href="#use-the-optimizer-in-model-api">Use the optimizer in Model API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/7/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-an-optimizer">Create an optimizer</a></li><li><a href="#create-a-decay-scheduler">Create a Decay Scheduler</a></li><li><a href="#use-the-optimizer-in-model-api">Use the optimizer in Model API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html
index 348546a..9c6d846 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-41">SINGA-41</a> Support single node
single GPU training</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html
index 348546a..9c6d846 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-41">SINGA-41</a> Support single node
single GPU training</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html
index 7a30b04..add4d0e 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-116] Fix a bug in InnerProductLayer caused by weight matrix sharing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html
index 7a30b04..add4d0e 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-116] Fix a bug in InnerProductLayer caused by weight matrix sharing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html
index a67b499..518ceb7 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-143] The compilation cannot detect libsingagpu.so file</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html
index a67b499..518ceb7 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-143] The compilation cannot detect libsingagpu.so file</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html
index 92cd9c4..f3f7feb 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-172] Add CMake supporting for Cuda and Cudnn libs</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html
index 92cd9c4..f3f7feb 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-172] Add CMake supporting for Cuda and Cudnn libs</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html
index 317f431..ce05afb 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
Python</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html
index 317f431..ce05afb 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
Python</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html
index 251a8a5..e544e2a 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-369] the errors of examples in testing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html
index 251a8a5..e544e2a 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-369] the errors of examples in testing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html
index 5efac4c..bf66723 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-380] Fix bugs from Reshape</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html
index 5efac4c..bf66723 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-380] Fix bugs from Reshape</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.html
index d18c262..903f15a 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.html
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/19/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html
index 7374994..896ca4b 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1/index.html
index 7374994..896ca4b 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1/index.html
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0/index.html
index d18c262..903f15a 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0/index.html
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/19/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html
index 172cc04..a1faca2 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
gradient by param python object id for testing purpose.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0/index.html
index 172cc04..a1faca2 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0/index.html
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
gradient by param python object id for testing purpose.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.html
index 3987ff0..419a647 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.html
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<li>Solve the warnings of deprecated functions in the distributed optimizer module.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 8/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1.html
index 6687f76..39bb4e4 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1.html
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<li>Solve the warnings of deprecated functions in the distributed optimizer module.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 8/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 8/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1/index.html
index 6687f76..39bb4e4 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1/index.html
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<li>Solve the warnings of deprecated functions in the distributed optimizer module.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 8/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 8/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0/index.html
index 3987ff0..419a647 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0/index.html
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<li>Solve the warnings of deprecated functions in the distributed optimizer module.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 8/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/security.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/security.html
index 865d69c..08a98b5 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/security.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/security.html
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
</script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/security.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Security</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p>Users can report security vulnerabilities to
<a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">SINGA Security Team Mail List</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/security/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/security/index.html
index 865d69c..08a98b5 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/security/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/security/index.html
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
</script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/security.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Security</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p>Users can report security vulnerabilities to
<a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">SINGA Security Team Mail List</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/software-stack.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/software-stack.html
index a80d17b..feab069 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/software-stack.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/software-stack.html
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
<li>SingaBackend for loading onnx format model into SINGA for training and
inference.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/software-stack/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/software-stack/index.html
index a80d17b..feab069 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/software-stack/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/software-stack/index.html
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
<li>SingaBackend for loading onnx format model into SINGA for training and
inference.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/source-repository.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/source-repository.html
index aad5563..5aebbef 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/source-repository.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/source-repository.html
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
<p>The code can be cloned from either repo, e.g.,</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/source-repository/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/source-repository/index.html
index aad5563..5aebbef 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/source-repository/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/source-repository/index.html
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
<p>The code can be cloned from either repo, e.g.,</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/team-list.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/team-list.html
index 2d9f254..5e85bc3 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/team-list.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/team-list.html
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
<tr><td>Zhaojing Luo</td><td><a href="mailto:zhaojing@apache.org">zhaojing@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Thejas Nair</td><td><a href="mailto:thejas@apache.org">thejas@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
<tr><td>Beng Chin Ooi</td><td><a href="mailto:ooibc@apache.org">ooibc@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
-<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>DePaul University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>Université Grenoble Alpes</td></tr>
<tr><td>Kian-Lee Tan</td><td><a href="mailto:tankianlee@apache.org">tankianlee@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Sheng Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangsh@apache.org">wangsh@apache.org</a></td><td>DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group</td></tr>
<tr><td>Wei Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangwei@apache.org">wangwei@apache.org</a></td><td>ByteDance</td></tr>
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
<tr><td>Chang Yao</td><td><a href="mailto:yaochang2009@gmail.com">yaochang2009@gmail.com</a></td><td>Hangzhou MZH Technologies</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 3/7/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 3/7/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/team-list/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/team-list/index.html
index 2d9f254..5e85bc3 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/team-list/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/team-list/index.html
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
<tr><td>Zhaojing Luo</td><td><a href="mailto:zhaojing@apache.org">zhaojing@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Thejas Nair</td><td><a href="mailto:thejas@apache.org">thejas@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
<tr><td>Beng Chin Ooi</td><td><a href="mailto:ooibc@apache.org">ooibc@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
-<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>DePaul University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>Université Grenoble Alpes</td></tr>
<tr><td>Kian-Lee Tan</td><td><a href="mailto:tankianlee@apache.org">tankianlee@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Sheng Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangsh@apache.org">wangsh@apache.org</a></td><td>DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group</td></tr>
<tr><td>Wei Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangwei@apache.org">wangwei@apache.org</a></td><td>ByteDance</td></tr>
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
<tr><td>Chang Yao</td><td><a href="mailto:yaochang2009@gmail.com">yaochang2009@gmail.com</a></td><td>Hangzhou MZH Technologies</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 3/7/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/tensor.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/tensor.html
index 25f5b1e..9ba85ab 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/tensor.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/tensor.html
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#use-tensor-to-train-mlp">use Tensor to train MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#use-tensor-to-train-mlp">use Tensor to train MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/tensor/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/tensor/index.html
index 25f5b1e..9ba85ab 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/tensor/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/tensor/index.html
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#use-tensor-to-train-mlp">use Tensor to train MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#use-tensor-to-train-mlp">use Tensor to train MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/time-profiling.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/time-profiling.html
index b97f994..020677c 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/time-profiling.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/time-profiling.html
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/27/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/half-precision"><span>Half Precision</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#setup-the-time-profiling-verbosity">Setup the Time Profiling Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#example-outputs-for-different-verbosity">Example Outputs for Different Verbosity</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/27/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/half-precision"><span>Half Precision</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#setup-the-time-profiling-verbosity">Setup the Time Profiling Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#example-outputs-for-different-verbosity">Example Outputs for Different Verbosity</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/time-profiling/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/time-profiling/index.html
index b97f994..020677c 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/time-profiling/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/time-profiling/index.html
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/27/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/half-precision"><span>Half Precision</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#setup-the-time-profiling-verbosity">Setup the Time Profiling Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#example-outputs-for-different-verbosity">Example Outputs for Different Verbosity</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/27/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.2.0/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.2.0/half-precision"><span>Half Precision</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#setup-the-time-profiling-verbosity">Setup the Time Profiling Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#example-outputs-for-different-verbosity">Example Outputs for Different Verbosity</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-cpu-dev.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-cpu-dev.html
index f791b7d..a7ef18a 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-cpu-dev.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-cpu-dev.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html
index f791b7d..a7ef18a 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-cpu.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-cpu.html
index 2ac3af7..11f4ffd 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-cpu.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-cpu.html
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-cpu/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-cpu/index.html
index 2ac3af7..11f4ffd 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-cpu/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-cpu/index.html
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-gpu-dev.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-gpu-dev.html
index 54e8a10..cd0200b 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-gpu-dev.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-gpu-dev.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
index 54e8a10..cd0200b 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-gpu.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-gpu.html
index 2e3902d..84c0803 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-gpu.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-gpu.html
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-gpu/index.html b/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-gpu/index.html
index 2e3902d..84c0803 100644
--- a/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-gpu/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/3.2.0/wheel-gpu/index.html
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/autograd.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/autograd.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c310465
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+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/autograd.html
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Autograd · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Autograd · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<p>There are two typical ways to implement autograd, via symbolic differentiation
+like <a href="http://deeplearning.net/software/theano/index.html">Theano</a> or reverse
+differentiation like
+<a href="https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/notes/autograd.html">Pytorch</a>. SINGA follows
+Pytorch way, which records the computation graph and apply the backward
+propagation automatically after forward propagation. The autograd algorithm is
+explained in details
+<a href="https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/notes/autograd.html">here</a>. We explain the
+relevant modules in Singa and give an example to illustrate the usage.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="relevant-modules"></a><a href="#relevant-modules" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Relevant Modules</h2>
+<p>There are three classes involved in autograd, namely <code>singa.tensor.Tensor</code>,
+<code>singa.autograd.Operation</code>, and <code>singa.autograd.Layer</code>. In the rest of this
+article, we use tensor, operation and layer to refer to an instance of the
+respective class.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor"></a><a href="#tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor</h3>
+<p>Three attributes of Tensor are used by autograd,</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>.creator</code> is an <code>Operation</code> instance. It records the operation that generates
+the Tensor instance.</li>
+<li><code>.requires_grad</code> is a boolean variable. It is used to indicate that the
+autograd algorithm needs to compute the gradient of the tensor (i.e., the
+owner). For example, during backpropagation, the gradients of the tensors for
+the weight matrix of a linear layer and the feature maps of a convolution
+layer (not the bottom layer) should be computed.</li>
+<li><code>.stores_grad</code> is a boolean variable. It is used to indicate that the gradient
+of the owner tensor should be stored and output by the backward function. For
+example, the gradient of the feature maps is computed during backpropagation,
+but is not included in the output of the backward function.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Programmers can change <code>requires_grad</code> and <code>stores_grad</code> of a Tensor instance.
+For example, if later is set to True, the corresponding gradient is included in
+the output of the backward function. It should be noted that if <code>stores_grad</code> is
+True, then <code>requires_grad</code> must be true, not vice versa.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="operation"></a><a href="#operation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Operation</h3>
+<p>It takes one or more <code>Tensor</code> instances as input, and then outputs one or more
+<code>Tensor</code> instances. For example, ReLU can be implemented as a specific Operation
+subclass. When an <code>Operation</code> instance is called (after instantiation), the
+following two steps are executed:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>record the source operations, i.e., the <code>creator</code>s of the input tensors.</li>
+<li>do calculation by calling member function <code>.forward()</code></li>
+</ol>
+<p>There are two member functions for forwarding and backwarding, i.e.,
+<code>.forward()</code> and <code>.backward()</code>. They take <code>Tensor.data</code> as inputs (the type is
+<code>CTensor</code>), and output <code>Ctensor</code>s. To add a specific operation, subclass
+<code>operation</code> should implement their own <code>.forward()</code> and <code>.backward()</code>. The
+<code>backward()</code> function is called by the <code>backward()</code> function of autograd
+automatically during backward propogation to compute the gradients of inputs
+(according to the <code>require_grad</code> field).</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="layer"></a><a href="#layer" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Layer</h3>
+<p>For those operations that require parameters, we package them into a new class,
+<code>Layer</code>. For example, convolution operation is wrapped into a convolution layer.
+<code>Layer</code> manages (stores) the parameters and calls the corresponding <code>Operation</code>s
+to implement the transformation.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="examples"></a><a href="#examples" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Examples</h2>
+<p>Multiple examples are provided in the
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/tree/master/examples/autograd">example folder</a>.
+We explain two representative examples here.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="operation-only"></a><a href="#operation-only" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Operation only</h3>
+<p>The following codes implement a MLP model using only Operation instances (no
+Layer instances).</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="import-packages"></a><a href="#import-packages" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Import packages</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa.tensor <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> Tensor
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> autograd
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="create-weight-matrix-and-bias-vector"></a><a href="#create-weight-matrix-and-bias-vector" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Create weight matrix and bias vector</h4>
+<p>The parameter tensors are created with both <code>requires_grad</code> and <code>stores_grad</code>
+set to <code>True</code>.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">w0 = Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>), requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+w0.gaussian(<span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>)
+b0 = Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>), requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+b0.set_value(<span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>)
+
+w1 = Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>), requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+w1.gaussian(<span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>)
+b1 = Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>), requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+b1.set_value(<span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training"></a><a href="#training" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">inputs = Tensor(data=data) <span class="hljs-comment"># data matrix</span>
+target = Tensor(data=label) <span class="hljs-comment"># label vector</span>
+autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># for training</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(<span class="hljs-number">0.05</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># optimizer</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>):
+ x = autograd.matmul(inputs, w0) <span class="hljs-comment"># matrix multiplication</span>
+ x = autograd.add_bias(x, b0) <span class="hljs-comment"># add the bias vector</span>
+ x = autograd.relu(x) <span class="hljs-comment"># ReLU activation operation</span>
+
+ x = autograd.matmul(x, w1)
+ x = autograd.add_bias(x, b1)
+
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(x, target)
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p, g <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> autograd.backward(loss):
+ sgd.update(p, g)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="operation--layer"></a><a href="#operation--layer" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Operation + Layer</h3>
+<p>The following
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/autograd/mnist_cnn.py">example</a>
+implements a CNN model using layers provided by the autograd module.</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="create-the-layers"></a><a href="#create-the-layers" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Create the layers</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">conv1 = autograd.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">32</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, bias=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+bn1 = autograd.BatchNorm2d(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>)
+pooling1 = autograd.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+conv21 = autograd.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>, <span class="hljs-number">16</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+conv22 = autograd.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>, <span class="hljs-number">16</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+bn2 = autograd.BatchNorm2d(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>)
+linear = autograd.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">32</span> * <span class="hljs-number">28</span> * <span class="hljs-number">28</span>, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>)
+pooling2 = autograd.AvgPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="define-the-forward-function"></a><a href="#define-the-forward-function" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Define the forward function</h4>
+<p>The operations in the forward pass will be recorded automatically for backward
+propagation.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(x, t)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># x is the input data (a batch of images)</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># t is the label vector (a batch of integers)</span>
+ y = conv1(x) <span class="hljs-comment"># Conv layer</span>
+ y = autograd.relu(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># ReLU operation</span>
+ y = bn1(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># BN layer</span>
+ y = pooling1(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># Pooling Layer</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># two parallel convolution layers</span>
+ y1 = conv21(y)
+ y2 = conv22(y)
+ y = autograd.cat((y1, y2), <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># cat operation</span>
+ y = autograd.relu(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># ReLU operation</span>
+ y = bn2(y)
+ y = pooling2(y)
+
+ y = autograd.flatten(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># flatten operation</span>
+ y = linear(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># Linear layer</span>
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(y, t) <span class="hljs-comment"># operation</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> loss, y
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training-1"></a><a href="#training-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> epoch <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(epochs):
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(batch_number):
+ inputs = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=x_train[
+ i * batch_sz:(<span class="hljs-number">1</span> + i) * batch_sz], stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+ targets = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=y_train[
+ i * batch_sz:(<span class="hljs-number">1</span> + i) * batch_sz], requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+
+ loss, y = forward(inputs, targets) <span class="hljs-comment"># forward the net</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p, gp <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> autograd.backward(loss): <span class="hljs-comment"># auto backward</span>
+ sgd.update(p, gp)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="using-the-model-api"></a><a href="#using-the-model-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Using the Model API</h3>
+<p>The following <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/cnn.py">example</a>
+implements a CNN model using the <a href="./graph">Model API</a>.</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="define-the-subclass-of-model"></a><a href="#define-the-subclass-of-model" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Define the subclass of Model</h4>
+<p>Define the model class, it should be the subclass of Model. In this way, all
+operations used during the training phase will form a computational graph and
+will be analyzed. The operations in the graph will be scheduled and executed
+efficiently. Layers can also be included in the model class.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MLP</span><span class="hljs-params">(model.Model)</span>:</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># the model is a subclass of Model</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, data_size=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, perceptron_size=<span class="hljs-number">100</span>, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>)</span>:</span>
+ super(MLP, self).__init__()
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># init the operators, layers and other objects</span>
+ self.relu = layer.ReLU()
+ self.linear1 = layer.Linear(perceptron_size)
+ self.linear2 = layer.Linear(num_classes)
+ self.softmax_cross_entropy = layer.SoftMaxCrossEntropy()
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, inputs)</span>:</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># define the forward function</span>
+ y = self.linear1(inputs)
+ y = self.relu(y)
+ y = self.linear2(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, y)</span>:</span>
+ out = self.forward(x)
+ loss = self.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+ self.optimizer(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">set_optimizer</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, optimizer)</span>:</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># attach an optimizer</span>
+ self.optimizer = optimizer
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training-2"></a><a href="#training-2" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># create a model instance</span>
+model = MLP()
+<span class="hljs-comment"># initialize optimizer and attach it to the model</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># input and target placeholders for the model</span>
+tx = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, IMG_SIZE, IMG_SIZE), dev, tensor.float32)
+ty = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, num_classes), dev, tensor.int32)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># compile the model before training</span>
+model.compile([tx], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, use_graph=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># train the model iteratively</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_train_batch):
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># generate the next mini-batch</span>
+ x, y = ...
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Copy the data into input tensors</span>
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(x)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(y)
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Training with one batch</span>
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="save-a-model-checkpoint"></a><a href="#save-a-model-checkpoint" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Save a model checkpoint</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># define the path to save the checkpoint</span>
+checkpointpath=<span class="hljs-string">"checkpoint.zip"</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># save a checkpoint</span>
+model.save_states(fpath=checkpointpath)
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="load-a-model-checkpoint"></a><a href="#load-a-model-checkpoint" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Load a model checkpoint</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># define the path to load the checkpoint</span>
+checkpointpath=<span class="hljs-string">"checkpoint.zip"</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># load a checkpoint</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> os
+<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> os.path.exists(checkpointpath):
+ model.load_states(fpath=checkpointpath)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h3>
+<p>Refer
+<a href="https://singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/autograd.html#module-singa.autograd">here</a>
+for more details of Python API.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/17/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/optimizer"><span>Optimizer</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-model-api">Using the Model API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>There are two typical ways to implement autograd, via symbolic differentiation
+like <a href="http://deeplearning.net/software/theano/index.html">Theano</a> or reverse
+differentiation like
+<a href="https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/notes/autograd.html">Pytorch</a>. SINGA follows
+Pytorch way, which records the computation graph and apply the backward
+propagation automatically after forward propagation. The autograd algorithm is
+explained in details
+<a href="https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/notes/autograd.html">here</a>. We explain the
+relevant modules in Singa and give an example to illustrate the usage.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="relevant-modules"></a><a href="#relevant-modules" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Relevant Modules</h2>
+<p>There are three classes involved in autograd, namely <code>singa.tensor.Tensor</code>,
+<code>singa.autograd.Operation</code>, and <code>singa.autograd.Layer</code>. In the rest of this
+article, we use tensor, operation and layer to refer to an instance of the
+respective class.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor"></a><a href="#tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor</h3>
+<p>Three attributes of Tensor are used by autograd,</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>.creator</code> is an <code>Operation</code> instance. It records the operation that generates
+the Tensor instance.</li>
+<li><code>.requires_grad</code> is a boolean variable. It is used to indicate that the
+autograd algorithm needs to compute the gradient of the tensor (i.e., the
+owner). For example, during backpropagation, the gradients of the tensors for
+the weight matrix of a linear layer and the feature maps of a convolution
+layer (not the bottom layer) should be computed.</li>
+<li><code>.stores_grad</code> is a boolean variable. It is used to indicate that the gradient
+of the owner tensor should be stored and output by the backward function. For
+example, the gradient of the feature maps is computed during backpropagation,
+but is not included in the output of the backward function.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Programmers can change <code>requires_grad</code> and <code>stores_grad</code> of a Tensor instance.
+For example, if later is set to True, the corresponding gradient is included in
+the output of the backward function. It should be noted that if <code>stores_grad</code> is
+True, then <code>requires_grad</code> must be true, not vice versa.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="operation"></a><a href="#operation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Operation</h3>
+<p>It takes one or more <code>Tensor</code> instances as input, and then outputs one or more
+<code>Tensor</code> instances. For example, ReLU can be implemented as a specific Operation
+subclass. When an <code>Operation</code> instance is called (after instantiation), the
+following two steps are executed:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>record the source operations, i.e., the <code>creator</code>s of the input tensors.</li>
+<li>do calculation by calling member function <code>.forward()</code></li>
+</ol>
+<p>There are two member functions for forwarding and backwarding, i.e.,
+<code>.forward()</code> and <code>.backward()</code>. They take <code>Tensor.data</code> as inputs (the type is
+<code>CTensor</code>), and output <code>Ctensor</code>s. To add a specific operation, subclass
+<code>operation</code> should implement their own <code>.forward()</code> and <code>.backward()</code>. The
+<code>backward()</code> function is called by the <code>backward()</code> function of autograd
+automatically during backward propogation to compute the gradients of inputs
+(according to the <code>require_grad</code> field).</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="layer"></a><a href="#layer" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Layer</h3>
+<p>For those operations that require parameters, we package them into a new class,
+<code>Layer</code>. For example, convolution operation is wrapped into a convolution layer.
+<code>Layer</code> manages (stores) the parameters and calls the corresponding <code>Operation</code>s
+to implement the transformation.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="examples"></a><a href="#examples" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Examples</h2>
+<p>Multiple examples are provided in the
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/tree/master/examples/autograd">example folder</a>.
+We explain two representative examples here.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="operation-only"></a><a href="#operation-only" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Operation only</h3>
+<p>The following codes implement a MLP model using only Operation instances (no
+Layer instances).</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="import-packages"></a><a href="#import-packages" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Import packages</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa.tensor <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> Tensor
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> autograd
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="create-weight-matrix-and-bias-vector"></a><a href="#create-weight-matrix-and-bias-vector" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Create weight matrix and bias vector</h4>
+<p>The parameter tensors are created with both <code>requires_grad</code> and <code>stores_grad</code>
+set to <code>True</code>.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">w0 = Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>), requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+w0.gaussian(<span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>)
+b0 = Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>), requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+b0.set_value(<span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>)
+
+w1 = Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>), requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+w1.gaussian(<span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>)
+b1 = Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>), requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+b1.set_value(<span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training"></a><a href="#training" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">inputs = Tensor(data=data) <span class="hljs-comment"># data matrix</span>
+target = Tensor(data=label) <span class="hljs-comment"># label vector</span>
+autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># for training</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(<span class="hljs-number">0.05</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># optimizer</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>):
+ x = autograd.matmul(inputs, w0) <span class="hljs-comment"># matrix multiplication</span>
+ x = autograd.add_bias(x, b0) <span class="hljs-comment"># add the bias vector</span>
+ x = autograd.relu(x) <span class="hljs-comment"># ReLU activation operation</span>
+
+ x = autograd.matmul(x, w1)
+ x = autograd.add_bias(x, b1)
+
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(x, target)
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p, g <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> autograd.backward(loss):
+ sgd.update(p, g)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="operation--layer"></a><a href="#operation--layer" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Operation + Layer</h3>
+<p>The following
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/autograd/mnist_cnn.py">example</a>
+implements a CNN model using layers provided by the autograd module.</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="create-the-layers"></a><a href="#create-the-layers" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Create the layers</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">conv1 = autograd.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">32</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, bias=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+bn1 = autograd.BatchNorm2d(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>)
+pooling1 = autograd.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+conv21 = autograd.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>, <span class="hljs-number">16</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+conv22 = autograd.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>, <span class="hljs-number">16</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+bn2 = autograd.BatchNorm2d(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>)
+linear = autograd.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">32</span> * <span class="hljs-number">28</span> * <span class="hljs-number">28</span>, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>)
+pooling2 = autograd.AvgPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="define-the-forward-function"></a><a href="#define-the-forward-function" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Define the forward function</h4>
+<p>The operations in the forward pass will be recorded automatically for backward
+propagation.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(x, t)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># x is the input data (a batch of images)</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># t is the label vector (a batch of integers)</span>
+ y = conv1(x) <span class="hljs-comment"># Conv layer</span>
+ y = autograd.relu(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># ReLU operation</span>
+ y = bn1(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># BN layer</span>
+ y = pooling1(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># Pooling Layer</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># two parallel convolution layers</span>
+ y1 = conv21(y)
+ y2 = conv22(y)
+ y = autograd.cat((y1, y2), <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># cat operation</span>
+ y = autograd.relu(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># ReLU operation</span>
+ y = bn2(y)
+ y = pooling2(y)
+
+ y = autograd.flatten(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># flatten operation</span>
+ y = linear(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># Linear layer</span>
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(y, t) <span class="hljs-comment"># operation</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> loss, y
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training-1"></a><a href="#training-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> epoch <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(epochs):
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(batch_number):
+ inputs = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=x_train[
+ i * batch_sz:(<span class="hljs-number">1</span> + i) * batch_sz], stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+ targets = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=y_train[
+ i * batch_sz:(<span class="hljs-number">1</span> + i) * batch_sz], requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+
+ loss, y = forward(inputs, targets) <span class="hljs-comment"># forward the net</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p, gp <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> autograd.backward(loss): <span class="hljs-comment"># auto backward</span>
+ sgd.update(p, gp)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="using-the-model-api"></a><a href="#using-the-model-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Using the Model API</h3>
+<p>The following <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/cnn.py">example</a>
+implements a CNN model using the <a href="./graph">Model API</a>.</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="define-the-subclass-of-model"></a><a href="#define-the-subclass-of-model" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Define the subclass of Model</h4>
+<p>Define the model class, it should be the subclass of Model. In this way, all
+operations used during the training phase will form a computational graph and
+will be analyzed. The operations in the graph will be scheduled and executed
+efficiently. Layers can also be included in the model class.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MLP</span><span class="hljs-params">(model.Model)</span>:</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># the model is a subclass of Model</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, data_size=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, perceptron_size=<span class="hljs-number">100</span>, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>)</span>:</span>
+ super(MLP, self).__init__()
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># init the operators, layers and other objects</span>
+ self.relu = layer.ReLU()
+ self.linear1 = layer.Linear(perceptron_size)
+ self.linear2 = layer.Linear(num_classes)
+ self.softmax_cross_entropy = layer.SoftMaxCrossEntropy()
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, inputs)</span>:</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># define the forward function</span>
+ y = self.linear1(inputs)
+ y = self.relu(y)
+ y = self.linear2(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, y)</span>:</span>
+ out = self.forward(x)
+ loss = self.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+ self.optimizer(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">set_optimizer</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, optimizer)</span>:</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># attach an optimizer</span>
+ self.optimizer = optimizer
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training-2"></a><a href="#training-2" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># create a model instance</span>
+model = MLP()
+<span class="hljs-comment"># initialize optimizer and attach it to the model</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># input and target placeholders for the model</span>
+tx = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, IMG_SIZE, IMG_SIZE), dev, tensor.float32)
+ty = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, num_classes), dev, tensor.int32)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># compile the model before training</span>
+model.compile([tx], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, use_graph=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># train the model iteratively</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_train_batch):
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># generate the next mini-batch</span>
+ x, y = ...
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Copy the data into input tensors</span>
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(x)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(y)
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Training with one batch</span>
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="save-a-model-checkpoint"></a><a href="#save-a-model-checkpoint" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Save a model checkpoint</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># define the path to save the checkpoint</span>
+checkpointpath=<span class="hljs-string">"checkpoint.zip"</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># save a checkpoint</span>
+model.save_states(fpath=checkpointpath)
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="load-a-model-checkpoint"></a><a href="#load-a-model-checkpoint" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Load a model checkpoint</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># define the path to load the checkpoint</span>
+checkpointpath=<span class="hljs-string">"checkpoint.zip"</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># load a checkpoint</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> os
+<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> os.path.exists(checkpointpath):
+ model.load_states(fpath=checkpointpath)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h3>
+<p>Refer
+<a href="https://singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/autograd.html#module-singa.autograd">here</a>
+for more details of Python API.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/17/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/optimizer"><span>Optimizer</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-model-api">Using the Model API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+ return;
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+ // keyCode for '/' (slash)
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+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/benchmark-train.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/benchmark-train.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/benchmark-train.html
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Benchmark for Distributed Training · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Benchmark for Distributed Training · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/benchmark-train.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Benchmark for Distributed Training</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>Workload: we use a deep convolutional neural network,
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">ResNet-50</a>
+as the application. ResNet-50 has 50 convolution layers for image
+classification. It requires 3.8 GFLOPs to pass a single image (of size 224x224)
+through the network. The input image size is 224x224.</p>
+<p>Hardware: we use p2.8xlarge instances from AWS, each of which has 8 Nvidia Tesla
+K80 GPUs, 96 GB GPU memory in total, 32 vCPU, 488 GB main memory, 10 Gbps
+network bandwidth.</p>
+<p>Metric: we measure the time per iteration for different number of workers to
+evaluate the scalability of SINGA. The batch size is fixed to be 32 per GPU.
+Synchronous training scheme is applied. As a result, the effective batch size is
+$32N$, where N is the number of GPUs. We compare with a popular open source
+system which uses the parameter server topology. The first GPU is selected as
+the server.</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/benchmark.png" alt="Benchmark Experiments"> <br/> <strong>Scalability test. Bars
+are for the throughput; lines are for the communication cost.</strong></p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/benchmark-train/index.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/benchmark-train/index.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/benchmark-train/index.html
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+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/benchmark-train.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Benchmark for Distributed Training</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>Workload: we use a deep convolutional neural network,
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">ResNet-50</a>
+as the application. ResNet-50 has 50 convolution layers for image
+classification. It requires 3.8 GFLOPs to pass a single image (of size 224x224)
+through the network. The input image size is 224x224.</p>
+<p>Hardware: we use p2.8xlarge instances from AWS, each of which has 8 Nvidia Tesla
+K80 GPUs, 96 GB GPU memory in total, 32 vCPU, 488 GB main memory, 10 Gbps
+network bandwidth.</p>
+<p>Metric: we measure the time per iteration for different number of workers to
+evaluate the scalability of SINGA. The batch size is fixed to be 32 per GPU.
+Synchronous training scheme is applied. As a result, the effective batch size is
+$32N$, where N is the number of GPUs. We compare with a popular open source
+system which uses the parameter server topology. The first GPU is selected as
+the server.</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/benchmark.png" alt="Benchmark Experiments"> <br/> <strong>Scalability test. Bars
+are for the throughput; lines are for the communication cost.</strong></p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+<p>The source files could be downloaded either as a
+<a href="https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/">tar.gz file</a>, or as a git repo</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> git <span class="hljs-built_in">clone</span> https://github.com/apache/singa.git</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> singa/</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>If you want to contribute code to SINGA, refer to
+<a href="/docs/3.3.0/contribute-code">contribute-code page</a> for the steps and requirements.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use-conda-to-build-singa"></a><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Use Conda to build SINGA</h2>
+<p>Conda-build is a building tool that installs the dependent libraries from
+anaconda cloud and executes the building scripts.</p>
+<p>To install conda-build (after installing conda)</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install conda-build
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="build-cpu-version"></a><a href="#build-cpu-version" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Build CPU Version</h3>
+<p>To build the CPU version of SINGA</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda build tool/conda/singa/
+</code></pre>
+<p>The above commands have been tested on Ubuntu (14.04, 16.04 and 18.04) and macOS
+10.11. Refer to the <a href="https://travis-ci.org/apache/singa">Travis-CI page</a> for
+more information.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="build-gpu-version"></a><a href="#build-gpu-version" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Build GPU Version</h3>
+<p>To build the GPU version of SINGA, the building machine must have Nvida GPU, and
+the CUDA driver (>= 384.81), CUDA toolkit (>=9) and cuDNN (>=7) must have be
+installed. The following two Docker images provide the building environment:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>apache/singa:conda-cuda9.0</li>
+<li>apache/singa:conda-cuda10.0</li>
+</ol>
+<p>Once the building environment is ready, you need to export the CUDA version
+first, and then run conda command to build SINGA</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">export CUDA=x.y (e.g. 9.0)
+conda build tool/conda/singa/
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="post-processing"></a><a href="#post-processing" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Post Processing</h3>
+<p>The location of the generated package file (<code>.tar.gz</code>) is shown on the screen.
+The generated package can be installed directly,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install -c conda-forge --use-local <path to the package file>
+</code></pre>
+<p>or uploaded to anaconda cloud for others to download and install. You need to
+register an account on anaconda for
+<a href="https://docs.anaconda.com/anaconda-cloud/user-guide/getting-started/">uploading the package</a>.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install anaconda-client
+anaconda login
+anaconda upload -l main <path to the package file>
+</code></pre>
+<p>After uploading the package to the cloud, you can see it on
+<a href="https://anaconda.org/">Anaconda Cloud</a> website or via the following command</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda search -c <anaconda username> singa
+</code></pre>
+<p>Each specific SINGA package is identified by the version and build string. To
+install a specific SINGA package, you need to provide all the information, e.g.,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install -c <anaconda username> -c conda-forge singa=2.1.0.dev=cpu_py36
+</code></pre>
+<p>To make the installation command simple, you can create the following additional
+packages which depend on the latest CPU and GPU SINGA packages.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-console"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> singa-cpu</span>
+conda build tool/conda/cpu/ --python=3.6
+conda build tool/conda/cpu/ --python=3.7
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> singa-gpu</span>
+conda build tool/conda/gpu/ --python=3.6
+conda build tool/conda/gpu/ --python=3.7
+</code></pre>
+<p>Therefore, when you run</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install -c <anaconda username> -c conda-forge singa-xpu
+</code></pre>
+<p>(<code>xpu</code> is either 'cpu' or 'gpu'), the corresponding real SINGA package is
+installed as the dependent library.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu"></a><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</h2>
+<p>Refer to SINGA
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/tool/docker/devel/ubuntu/cuda9/Dockerfile#L30">Dockerfiles</a>
+for the instructions of installing the dependent libraries on Ubuntu 16.04. You
+can also create a Docker container using the <a href="">devel images</a> and build SINGA
+inside the container. To build SINGA with GPU, DNNL, Python and unit tests, run
+the following instructions</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir build # at the root of singa folder
+cd build
+cmake -DENABLE_TEST=ON -DUSE_CUDA=ON -DUSE_DNNL=ON -DUSE_PYTHON3=ON ..
+make
+cd python
+pip install .
+</code></pre>
+<p>The details of the CMake options are explained in the last section of this page.
+The last command install the Python package. You can also run
+<code>pip install -e .</code>, which creates symlinks instead of copying the Python files
+into the site-package folder.</p>
+<p>If SINGA is compiled with ENABLE_TEST=ON, you can run the unit tests by</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> ./bin/test_singa</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>You can see all the testing cases with testing results. If SINGA passes all
+tests, then you have successfully installed SINGA.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7"></a><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</h2>
+<p>Building from source will be different for Centos7 as package names
+differ.Follow the instructions given below.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="installing-dependencies"></a><a href="#installing-dependencies" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Installing dependencies</h3>
+<p>Basic packages/libraries</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum install freetype-devel libXft-devel ncurses-devel openblas-devel blas-devel lapack devel atlas-devel kernel-headers unzip wget pkgconfig zip zlib-devel libcurl-devel cmake curl unzip dh-autoreconf git python-devel glog-devel protobuf-devel
+</code></pre>
+<p>For build-essential</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum group install "Development Tools"
+</code></pre>
+<p>For installing swig</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum install pcre-devel
+wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/swig/swig-3.0.10.tar.gz
+tar xvzf swig-3.0.10.tar.gz
+cd swig-3.0.10.tar.gz
+./configure --prefix=${RUN}
+make
+make install
+</code></pre>
+<p>For installing gfortran</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum install centos-release-scl-rh
+sudo yum --enablerepo=centos-sclo-rh-testing install devtoolset-7-gcc-gfortran
+</code></pre>
+<p>For installing pip and other packages</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum install epel-release
+sudo yum install python-pip
+pip install matplotlib numpy pandas scikit-learn pydot
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="installation"></a><a href="#installation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Installation</h3>
+<p>Follow steps 1-5 of <em>Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</em></p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="testing"></a><a href="#testing" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Testing</h3>
+<p>You can run the unit tests by,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> ./bin/test_singa</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>You can see all the testing cases with testing results. If SINGA passes all
+tests, then you have successfully installed SINGA.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="compile-singa-on-windows"></a><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Compile SINGA on Windows</h2>
+<p>Instructions for building on Windows with Python support can be found
+<a href="/docs/3.3.0/install-win">install-win page</a>.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="more-details-about-the-compilation-options"></a><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>More details about the compilation options</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_modules-deprecated"></a><a href="#use_modules-deprecated" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_MODULES (deprecated)</h3>
+<p>If protobuf and openblas are not installed, you can compile SINGA together with
+them</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> In SINGA ROOT folder</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> mkdir build</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> build</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_MODULES=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>cmake would download OpenBlas and Protobuf (2.6.1) and compile them together
+with SINGA.</p>
+<p>You can use <code>ccmake ..</code> to configure the compilation options. If some dependent
+libraries are not in the system default paths, you need to export the following
+environment variables</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">export CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH=<path to the header file folder>
+export CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=<path to the lib file folder>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_python"></a><a href="#use_python" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_PYTHON</h3>
+<p>Option for compiling the Python wrapper for SINGA,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_PYTHON=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> python</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> pip install .</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_cuda"></a><a href="#use_cuda" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_CUDA</h3>
+<p>Users are encouraged to install the CUDA and
+<a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn">cuDNN</a> for running SINGA on GPUs to get
+better performance.</p>
+<p>SINGA has been tested over CUDA 9/10, and cuDNN 7. If cuDNN is installed into
+non-system folder, e.g. /home/bob/local/cudnn/, the following commands should be
+executed for cmake and the runtime to find it</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH=/home/bob/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/cudnn/include:<span class="hljs-variable">$CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH</span></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/bob/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/cudnn/lib64:<span class="hljs-variable">$CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH</span></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/bob/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/cudnn/lib64:<span class="hljs-variable">$LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span></span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>The cmake options for CUDA and cuDNN should be switched on</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> Dependent libs are install already</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_CUDA=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_dnnl"></a><a href="#use_dnnl" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_DNNL</h3>
+<p>User can enable DNNL to enhance the performance of CPU computation.</p>
+<p>Installation guide of DNNL could be found
+<a href="https://github.com/intel/mkl-dnn#installation">here</a>.</p>
+<p>SINGA has been tested over DNNL v1.1.</p>
+<p>To build SINGA with DNNL support:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> Dependent libs are installed already</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_DNNL=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_opencl"></a><a href="#use_opencl" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_OPENCL</h3>
+<p>SINGA uses opencl-headers and viennacl (version 1.7.1 or newer) for OpenCL
+support, which can be installed via</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> On Ubuntu 16.04</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo apt-get install opencl-headers, libviennacl-dev</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> On Fedora</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo yum install opencl-headers, viennacl</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Additionally, you will need the OpenCL Installable Client Driver (ICD) for the
+platforms that you want to run OpenCL on.</p>
+<ul>
+<li>For AMD and nVidia GPUs, the driver package should also install the correct
+OpenCL ICD.</li>
+<li>For Intel CPUs and/or GPUs, get the driver from the
+<a href="https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/opencl-drivers">Intel website.</a>
+Note that the drivers provided on that website only supports recent CPUs and
+Iris GPUs.</li>
+<li>For older Intel CPUs, you can use the <code>beignet-opencl-icd</code> package.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Note that running OpenCL on CPUs is not currently recommended because it is
+slow. Memory transfer is on the order of whole seconds (1000's of ms on CPUs as
+compared to 1's of ms on GPUs).</p>
+<p>More information on setting up a working OpenCL environment may be found
+<a href="https://wiki.tiker.net/OpenCLHowTo">here</a>.</p>
+<p>If the package version of ViennaCL is not at least 1.7.1, you will need to build
+it from source:</p>
+<p>Clone <a href="https://github.com/viennacl/viennacl-dev">the repository from here</a>,
+checkout the <code>release-1.7.1</code> tag and build it. Remember to add its directory to
+<code>PATH</code> and the built libraries to <code>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</code>.</p>
+<p>To build SINGA with OpenCL support (tested on SINGA 1.1):</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_OPENCL=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="package"></a><a href="#package" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>PACKAGE</h3>
+<p>This setting is used to build the Debian package. Set PACKAGE=ON and build the
+package with make command like this:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DPACKAGE=ON</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make package</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="faq"></a><a href="#faq" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>FAQ</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: Error from 'import singa'</p>
+<p>A: Please check the detailed error from
+<code>python -c "from singa import _singa_wrap"</code>. Sometimes it is caused by the
+dependent libraries, e.g. there are multiple versions of protobuf, missing of
+cudnn, numpy version mismatch. Following steps show the solutions for
+different cases</p>
+<ol>
+<li><p>Check the cudnn and cuda. If cudnn is missing or not match with the wheel
+version, you can download the correct version of cudnn into ~/local/cudnn/
+and</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/<yourname>/local/cudnn/lib64:<span class="hljs-variable">$LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span>"</span> >> ~/.bashrc</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>If it is the problem related to protobuf. You can install protobuf (3.6.1)
+from source into a local folder, say ~/local/; Decompress the tar file, and
+then</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> ./configure --prefix=/home/<yourname><span class="hljs-built_in">local</span></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make && make install</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/<yourname>/local/lib:<span class="hljs-variable">$LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span>"</span> >> ~/.bashrc</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">source</span> ~/.bashrc</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>If it cannot find other libs including python, then create virtual env
+using <code>pip</code> or <code>conda</code>;</p></li>
+<li><p>If it is not caused by the above reasons, go to the folder of
+<code>_singa_wrap.so</code>,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash">> import importlib</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash">> importlib.import_module(<span class="hljs-string">'_singa_wrap'</span>)</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Check the error message. For example, if the numpy version mismatches, the
+error message would be,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">RuntimeError: module compiled against API version 0xb but this version of numpy is 0xa
+</code></pre>
+<p>Then you need to upgrade the numpy.</p></li>
+</ol></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: Error from running <code>cmake ..</code>, which cannot find the dependent libraries.</p>
+<p>A: If you haven't installed the libraries, install them. If you installed the
+libraries in a folder that is outside of the system folder, e.g. /usr/local,
+you need to export the following variables</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH=<path to your header file folder></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=<path to your lib file folder></span>
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: Error from <code>make</code>, e.g. the linking phase</p>
+<p>A: If your libraries are in other folders than system default paths, you need
+to export the following varaibles</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> LIBRARY_PATH=<path to your lib file folder></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> LD_LIBRARY_PATH=<path to your lib file folder></span>
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: Error from header files, e.g. 'cblas.h no such file or directory exists'</p>
+<p>A: You need to include the folder of the cblas.h into CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH,
+e.g.,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/opt/OpenBLAS/include:<span class="hljs-variable">$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH</span></span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q:While compiling SINGA, I get error <code>SSE2 instruction set not enabled</code></p>
+<p>A:You can try following command:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make CFLAGS=<span class="hljs-string">'-msse2'</span> CXXFLAGS=<span class="hljs-string">'-msse2'</span></span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q:I get <code>ImportError: cannot import name enum_type_wrapper</code> from
+google.protobuf.internal when I try to import .py files.</p>
+<p>A: You need to install the python binding of protobuf, which could be
+installed via</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo apt-get install protobuf</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>or from source</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> /PROTOBUF/SOURCE/FOLDER</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> python</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python setup.py build</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python setup.py install</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: When I build OpenBLAS from source, I am told that I need a Fortran
+compiler.</p>
+<p>A: You can compile OpenBLAS by</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make ONLY_CBLAS=1</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>or install it using</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo apt-get install libopenblas-dev</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: When I build protocol buffer, it reports that <code>GLIBC++_3.4.20</code> not found in
+<code>/usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6</code>?</p>
+<p>A: This means the linker found libstdc++.so.6 but that library belongs to an
+older version of GCC than was used to compile and link the program. The
+program depends on code defined in the newer libstdc++ that belongs to the
+newer version of GCC, so the linker must be told how to find the newer
+libstdc++ shared library. The simplest way to fix this is to find the correct
+libstdc++ and export it to LD_LIBRARY_PATH. For example, if GLIBC++_3.4.20 is
+listed in the output of the following command,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> $ strings /usr/local/lib64/libstdc++.so.6|grep GLIBC++
+</code></pre>
+<p>then you just set your environment variable as</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> $ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: When I build glog, it reports that "src/logging_unittest.cc:83:20: error:
+‘gflags’ is not a namespace-name"</p>
+<p>A: It maybe that you have installed gflags with a different namespace such as
+"google". so glog can't find 'gflags' namespace. Because it is not necessary
+to have gflags to build glog. So you can change the configure.ac file to
+ignore gflags.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> 1. cd to glog src directory
+ 2. change line 125 of configure.ac to "AC_CHECK_LIB(gflags, main, ac_cv_have_libgflags=0, ac_cv_have_libgflags=0)"
+ 3. autoreconf
+</code></pre>
+<p>After this, you can build glog again.</p></li>
+<li><p>Q: When using virtual environment, every time I run pip install, it would
+reinstall numpy. However, the numpy would not be used when I <code>import numpy</code></p>
+<p>A: It could be caused by the <code>PYTHONPATH</code> which should be set to empty when
+you are using virtual environment to avoid the conflicts with the path of the
+virtual environment.</p></li>
+<li><p>Q: When compiling PySINGA from source, there is a compilation error due to the
+missing of <numpy/objectarray.h></p>
+<p>A: Please install numpy and export the path of numpy header files as</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> $ export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=`python -c "import numpy; print numpy.get_include()"`:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: When I run SINGA in Mac OS X, I got the error "Fatal Python error:
+PyThreadState_Get: no current thread Abort trap: 6"</p>
+<p>A: This error happens typically when you have multiple version of Python on
+your system and you installed SINGA via pip (this problem is resolved for
+installation via conda), e.g, the one comes with the OS and the one installed
+by Homebrew. The Python linked by PySINGA must be the same as the Python
+interpreter. You can check your interpreter by <code>which python</code> and check the
+Python linked by PySINGA via <code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>. To fix this
+error, compile SINGA with the correct version of Python. In particular, if you
+build PySINGA from source, you need to specify the paths when invoking
+<a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15291500/i-have-2-versions-of-python-installed-but-cmake-is-using-older-version-how-do">cmake</a></p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> $ cmake -DPYTHON_LIBRARY=`python-config --prefix`/lib/libpython2.7.dylib -DPYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=`python-config --prefix`/include/python2.7/ ..
+</code></pre>
+<p>If installed PySINGA from binary packages, e.g. debian or wheel, then you need
+to change the python interpreter, e.g., reset the $PATH to put the correct
+path of Python at the front position.</p></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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+<p>The source files could be downloaded either as a
+<a href="https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/">tar.gz file</a>, or as a git repo</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> git <span class="hljs-built_in">clone</span> https://github.com/apache/singa.git</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> singa/</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>If you want to contribute code to SINGA, refer to
+<a href="/docs/3.3.0/contribute-code">contribute-code page</a> for the steps and requirements.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use-conda-to-build-singa"></a><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Use Conda to build SINGA</h2>
+<p>Conda-build is a building tool that installs the dependent libraries from
+anaconda cloud and executes the building scripts.</p>
+<p>To install conda-build (after installing conda)</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install conda-build
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="build-cpu-version"></a><a href="#build-cpu-version" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Build CPU Version</h3>
+<p>To build the CPU version of SINGA</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda build tool/conda/singa/
+</code></pre>
+<p>The above commands have been tested on Ubuntu (14.04, 16.04 and 18.04) and macOS
+10.11. Refer to the <a href="https://travis-ci.org/apache/singa">Travis-CI page</a> for
+more information.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="build-gpu-version"></a><a href="#build-gpu-version" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Build GPU Version</h3>
+<p>To build the GPU version of SINGA, the building machine must have Nvida GPU, and
+the CUDA driver (>= 384.81), CUDA toolkit (>=9) and cuDNN (>=7) must have be
+installed. The following two Docker images provide the building environment:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>apache/singa:conda-cuda9.0</li>
+<li>apache/singa:conda-cuda10.0</li>
+</ol>
+<p>Once the building environment is ready, you need to export the CUDA version
+first, and then run conda command to build SINGA</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">export CUDA=x.y (e.g. 9.0)
+conda build tool/conda/singa/
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="post-processing"></a><a href="#post-processing" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Post Processing</h3>
+<p>The location of the generated package file (<code>.tar.gz</code>) is shown on the screen.
+The generated package can be installed directly,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install -c conda-forge --use-local <path to the package file>
+</code></pre>
+<p>or uploaded to anaconda cloud for others to download and install. You need to
+register an account on anaconda for
+<a href="https://docs.anaconda.com/anaconda-cloud/user-guide/getting-started/">uploading the package</a>.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install anaconda-client
+anaconda login
+anaconda upload -l main <path to the package file>
+</code></pre>
+<p>After uploading the package to the cloud, you can see it on
+<a href="https://anaconda.org/">Anaconda Cloud</a> website or via the following command</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda search -c <anaconda username> singa
+</code></pre>
+<p>Each specific SINGA package is identified by the version and build string. To
+install a specific SINGA package, you need to provide all the information, e.g.,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install -c <anaconda username> -c conda-forge singa=2.1.0.dev=cpu_py36
+</code></pre>
+<p>To make the installation command simple, you can create the following additional
+packages which depend on the latest CPU and GPU SINGA packages.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-console"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> singa-cpu</span>
+conda build tool/conda/cpu/ --python=3.6
+conda build tool/conda/cpu/ --python=3.7
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> singa-gpu</span>
+conda build tool/conda/gpu/ --python=3.6
+conda build tool/conda/gpu/ --python=3.7
+</code></pre>
+<p>Therefore, when you run</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install -c <anaconda username> -c conda-forge singa-xpu
+</code></pre>
+<p>(<code>xpu</code> is either 'cpu' or 'gpu'), the corresponding real SINGA package is
+installed as the dependent library.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu"></a><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</h2>
+<p>Refer to SINGA
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/tool/docker/devel/ubuntu/cuda9/Dockerfile#L30">Dockerfiles</a>
+for the instructions of installing the dependent libraries on Ubuntu 16.04. You
+can also create a Docker container using the <a href="">devel images</a> and build SINGA
+inside the container. To build SINGA with GPU, DNNL, Python and unit tests, run
+the following instructions</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir build # at the root of singa folder
+cd build
+cmake -DENABLE_TEST=ON -DUSE_CUDA=ON -DUSE_DNNL=ON -DUSE_PYTHON3=ON ..
+make
+cd python
+pip install .
+</code></pre>
+<p>The details of the CMake options are explained in the last section of this page.
+The last command install the Python package. You can also run
+<code>pip install -e .</code>, which creates symlinks instead of copying the Python files
+into the site-package folder.</p>
+<p>If SINGA is compiled with ENABLE_TEST=ON, you can run the unit tests by</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> ./bin/test_singa</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>You can see all the testing cases with testing results. If SINGA passes all
+tests, then you have successfully installed SINGA.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7"></a><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</h2>
+<p>Building from source will be different for Centos7 as package names
+differ.Follow the instructions given below.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="installing-dependencies"></a><a href="#installing-dependencies" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Installing dependencies</h3>
+<p>Basic packages/libraries</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum install freetype-devel libXft-devel ncurses-devel openblas-devel blas-devel lapack devel atlas-devel kernel-headers unzip wget pkgconfig zip zlib-devel libcurl-devel cmake curl unzip dh-autoreconf git python-devel glog-devel protobuf-devel
+</code></pre>
+<p>For build-essential</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum group install "Development Tools"
+</code></pre>
+<p>For installing swig</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum install pcre-devel
+wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/swig/swig-3.0.10.tar.gz
+tar xvzf swig-3.0.10.tar.gz
+cd swig-3.0.10.tar.gz
+./configure --prefix=${RUN}
+make
+make install
+</code></pre>
+<p>For installing gfortran</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum install centos-release-scl-rh
+sudo yum --enablerepo=centos-sclo-rh-testing install devtoolset-7-gcc-gfortran
+</code></pre>
+<p>For installing pip and other packages</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum install epel-release
+sudo yum install python-pip
+pip install matplotlib numpy pandas scikit-learn pydot
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="installation"></a><a href="#installation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Installation</h3>
+<p>Follow steps 1-5 of <em>Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</em></p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="testing"></a><a href="#testing" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Testing</h3>
+<p>You can run the unit tests by,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> ./bin/test_singa</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>You can see all the testing cases with testing results. If SINGA passes all
+tests, then you have successfully installed SINGA.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="compile-singa-on-windows"></a><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Compile SINGA on Windows</h2>
+<p>Instructions for building on Windows with Python support can be found
+<a href="/docs/3.3.0/install-win">install-win page</a>.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="more-details-about-the-compilation-options"></a><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>More details about the compilation options</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_modules-deprecated"></a><a href="#use_modules-deprecated" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_MODULES (deprecated)</h3>
+<p>If protobuf and openblas are not installed, you can compile SINGA together with
+them</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> In SINGA ROOT folder</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> mkdir build</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> build</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_MODULES=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>cmake would download OpenBlas and Protobuf (2.6.1) and compile them together
+with SINGA.</p>
+<p>You can use <code>ccmake ..</code> to configure the compilation options. If some dependent
+libraries are not in the system default paths, you need to export the following
+environment variables</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">export CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH=<path to the header file folder>
+export CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=<path to the lib file folder>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_python"></a><a href="#use_python" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_PYTHON</h3>
+<p>Option for compiling the Python wrapper for SINGA,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_PYTHON=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> python</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> pip install .</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_cuda"></a><a href="#use_cuda" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_CUDA</h3>
+<p>Users are encouraged to install the CUDA and
+<a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn">cuDNN</a> for running SINGA on GPUs to get
+better performance.</p>
+<p>SINGA has been tested over CUDA 9/10, and cuDNN 7. If cuDNN is installed into
+non-system folder, e.g. /home/bob/local/cudnn/, the following commands should be
+executed for cmake and the runtime to find it</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH=/home/bob/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/cudnn/include:<span class="hljs-variable">$CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH</span></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/bob/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/cudnn/lib64:<span class="hljs-variable">$CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH</span></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/bob/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/cudnn/lib64:<span class="hljs-variable">$LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span></span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>The cmake options for CUDA and cuDNN should be switched on</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> Dependent libs are install already</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_CUDA=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_dnnl"></a><a href="#use_dnnl" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_DNNL</h3>
+<p>User can enable DNNL to enhance the performance of CPU computation.</p>
+<p>Installation guide of DNNL could be found
+<a href="https://github.com/intel/mkl-dnn#installation">here</a>.</p>
+<p>SINGA has been tested over DNNL v1.1.</p>
+<p>To build SINGA with DNNL support:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> Dependent libs are installed already</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_DNNL=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_opencl"></a><a href="#use_opencl" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_OPENCL</h3>
+<p>SINGA uses opencl-headers and viennacl (version 1.7.1 or newer) for OpenCL
+support, which can be installed via</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> On Ubuntu 16.04</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo apt-get install opencl-headers, libviennacl-dev</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> On Fedora</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo yum install opencl-headers, viennacl</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Additionally, you will need the OpenCL Installable Client Driver (ICD) for the
+platforms that you want to run OpenCL on.</p>
+<ul>
+<li>For AMD and nVidia GPUs, the driver package should also install the correct
+OpenCL ICD.</li>
+<li>For Intel CPUs and/or GPUs, get the driver from the
+<a href="https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/opencl-drivers">Intel website.</a>
+Note that the drivers provided on that website only supports recent CPUs and
+Iris GPUs.</li>
+<li>For older Intel CPUs, you can use the <code>beignet-opencl-icd</code> package.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Note that running OpenCL on CPUs is not currently recommended because it is
+slow. Memory transfer is on the order of whole seconds (1000's of ms on CPUs as
+compared to 1's of ms on GPUs).</p>
+<p>More information on setting up a working OpenCL environment may be found
+<a href="https://wiki.tiker.net/OpenCLHowTo">here</a>.</p>
+<p>If the package version of ViennaCL is not at least 1.7.1, you will need to build
+it from source:</p>
+<p>Clone <a href="https://github.com/viennacl/viennacl-dev">the repository from here</a>,
+checkout the <code>release-1.7.1</code> tag and build it. Remember to add its directory to
+<code>PATH</code> and the built libraries to <code>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</code>.</p>
+<p>To build SINGA with OpenCL support (tested on SINGA 1.1):</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_OPENCL=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="package"></a><a href="#package" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>PACKAGE</h3>
+<p>This setting is used to build the Debian package. Set PACKAGE=ON and build the
+package with make command like this:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DPACKAGE=ON</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make package</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="faq"></a><a href="#faq" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>FAQ</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: Error from 'import singa'</p>
+<p>A: Please check the detailed error from
+<code>python -c "from singa import _singa_wrap"</code>. Sometimes it is caused by the
+dependent libraries, e.g. there are multiple versions of protobuf, missing of
+cudnn, numpy version mismatch. Following steps show the solutions for
+different cases</p>
+<ol>
+<li><p>Check the cudnn and cuda. If cudnn is missing or not match with the wheel
+version, you can download the correct version of cudnn into ~/local/cudnn/
+and</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/<yourname>/local/cudnn/lib64:<span class="hljs-variable">$LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span>"</span> >> ~/.bashrc</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>If it is the problem related to protobuf. You can install protobuf (3.6.1)
+from source into a local folder, say ~/local/; Decompress the tar file, and
+then</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> ./configure --prefix=/home/<yourname><span class="hljs-built_in">local</span></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make && make install</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/<yourname>/local/lib:<span class="hljs-variable">$LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span>"</span> >> ~/.bashrc</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">source</span> ~/.bashrc</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>If it cannot find other libs including python, then create virtual env
+using <code>pip</code> or <code>conda</code>;</p></li>
+<li><p>If it is not caused by the above reasons, go to the folder of
+<code>_singa_wrap.so</code>,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash">> import importlib</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash">> importlib.import_module(<span class="hljs-string">'_singa_wrap'</span>)</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Check the error message. For example, if the numpy version mismatches, the
+error message would be,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">RuntimeError: module compiled against API version 0xb but this version of numpy is 0xa
+</code></pre>
+<p>Then you need to upgrade the numpy.</p></li>
+</ol></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: Error from running <code>cmake ..</code>, which cannot find the dependent libraries.</p>
+<p>A: If you haven't installed the libraries, install them. If you installed the
+libraries in a folder that is outside of the system folder, e.g. /usr/local,
+you need to export the following variables</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH=<path to your header file folder></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=<path to your lib file folder></span>
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: Error from <code>make</code>, e.g. the linking phase</p>
+<p>A: If your libraries are in other folders than system default paths, you need
+to export the following varaibles</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> LIBRARY_PATH=<path to your lib file folder></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> LD_LIBRARY_PATH=<path to your lib file folder></span>
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: Error from header files, e.g. 'cblas.h no such file or directory exists'</p>
+<p>A: You need to include the folder of the cblas.h into CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH,
+e.g.,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/opt/OpenBLAS/include:<span class="hljs-variable">$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH</span></span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q:While compiling SINGA, I get error <code>SSE2 instruction set not enabled</code></p>
+<p>A:You can try following command:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make CFLAGS=<span class="hljs-string">'-msse2'</span> CXXFLAGS=<span class="hljs-string">'-msse2'</span></span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q:I get <code>ImportError: cannot import name enum_type_wrapper</code> from
+google.protobuf.internal when I try to import .py files.</p>
+<p>A: You need to install the python binding of protobuf, which could be
+installed via</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo apt-get install protobuf</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>or from source</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> /PROTOBUF/SOURCE/FOLDER</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> python</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python setup.py build</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python setup.py install</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: When I build OpenBLAS from source, I am told that I need a Fortran
+compiler.</p>
+<p>A: You can compile OpenBLAS by</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make ONLY_CBLAS=1</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>or install it using</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo apt-get install libopenblas-dev</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: When I build protocol buffer, it reports that <code>GLIBC++_3.4.20</code> not found in
+<code>/usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6</code>?</p>
+<p>A: This means the linker found libstdc++.so.6 but that library belongs to an
+older version of GCC than was used to compile and link the program. The
+program depends on code defined in the newer libstdc++ that belongs to the
+newer version of GCC, so the linker must be told how to find the newer
+libstdc++ shared library. The simplest way to fix this is to find the correct
+libstdc++ and export it to LD_LIBRARY_PATH. For example, if GLIBC++_3.4.20 is
+listed in the output of the following command,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> $ strings /usr/local/lib64/libstdc++.so.6|grep GLIBC++
+</code></pre>
+<p>then you just set your environment variable as</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> $ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: When I build glog, it reports that "src/logging_unittest.cc:83:20: error:
+‘gflags’ is not a namespace-name"</p>
+<p>A: It maybe that you have installed gflags with a different namespace such as
+"google". so glog can't find 'gflags' namespace. Because it is not necessary
+to have gflags to build glog. So you can change the configure.ac file to
+ignore gflags.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> 1. cd to glog src directory
+ 2. change line 125 of configure.ac to "AC_CHECK_LIB(gflags, main, ac_cv_have_libgflags=0, ac_cv_have_libgflags=0)"
+ 3. autoreconf
+</code></pre>
+<p>After this, you can build glog again.</p></li>
+<li><p>Q: When using virtual environment, every time I run pip install, it would
+reinstall numpy. However, the numpy would not be used when I <code>import numpy</code></p>
+<p>A: It could be caused by the <code>PYTHONPATH</code> which should be set to empty when
+you are using virtual environment to avoid the conflicts with the path of the
+virtual environment.</p></li>
+<li><p>Q: When compiling PySINGA from source, there is a compilation error due to the
+missing of <numpy/objectarray.h></p>
+<p>A: Please install numpy and export the path of numpy header files as</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> $ export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=`python -c "import numpy; print numpy.get_include()"`:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: When I run SINGA in Mac OS X, I got the error "Fatal Python error:
+PyThreadState_Get: no current thread Abort trap: 6"</p>
+<p>A: This error happens typically when you have multiple version of Python on
+your system and you installed SINGA via pip (this problem is resolved for
+installation via conda), e.g, the one comes with the OS and the one installed
+by Homebrew. The Python linked by PySINGA must be the same as the Python
+interpreter. You can check your interpreter by <code>which python</code> and check the
+Python linked by PySINGA via <code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>. To fix this
+error, compile SINGA with the correct version of Python. In particular, if you
+build PySINGA from source, you need to specify the paths when invoking
+<a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15291500/i-have-2-versions-of-python-installed-but-cmake-is-using-older-version-how-do">cmake</a></p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> $ cmake -DPYTHON_LIBRARY=`python-config --prefix`/lib/libpython2.7.dylib -DPYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=`python-config --prefix`/include/python2.7/ ..
+</code></pre>
+<p>If installed PySINGA from binary packages, e.g. debian or wheel, then you need
+to change the python interpreter, e.g., reset the $PATH to put the correct
+path of Python at the front position.</p></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="coding-style"></a><a href="#coding-style" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Coding Style</h2>
+<p>The SINGA codebase follows the Google Style for both
+<a href="http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/cppguide.xml">CPP</a> and
+<a href="http://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html">Python</a> code.</p>
+<p>A simple way to enforce the Google coding styles is to use the linting and
+formating tools in the Visual Studio Code editor:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode.cpptools">C/C++ extension</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-python.python">Python extension</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=mine.cpplint">cpplint extension</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=xaver.clang-format">Clang-Format</a></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Once the extensions are installed, edit the <code>settings.json</code> file.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-json">{
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"[cpp]"</span>: {
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"editor.defaultFormatter"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"xaver.clang-format"</span>
+ },
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"cpplint.cpplintPath"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"path/to/cpplint"</span>,
+
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"editor.formatOnSave"</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"python.formatting.provider"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"yapf"</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"python.linting.enabled"</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"python.linting.lintOnSave"</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"clang-format.language.cpp.style"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"google"</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"python.formatting.yapfArgs"</span>: [<span class="hljs-string">"--style"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"{based_on_style: google}"</span>]
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>Depending on your platform, the user settings file is located here:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Windows %APPDATA%\Code\User\settings.json</li>
+<li>macOS "$HOME/Library/Application Support/Code/User/settings.json"</li>
+<li>Linux "$HOME/.config/Code/User/settings.json"</li>
+</ol>
+<p>Configurations are specified in corresponding config files. And these tools
+would look up for configuration files in the root of the project automatically,
+e.g. <code>.pylintrc</code>.</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tool-installation"></a><a href="#tool-installation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tool Installation</h4>
+<p>It is ideal when all the contributors uses the same version of code formatting
+tool (clang-format 9.0.0 and yapf 0.29.0), so that all code formatting in
+different PRs would be identical to get rid of github pull request conflicts.</p>
+<p>First, install LLVM 9.0 which provides clang-format version 9.0.0. The download
+page of LLVM is:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p><a href="http://releases.llvm.org/download.html#9.0.0">LLVM</a></p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>On Ubuntu</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh">sudo apt-get install clang-format-9
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>On Windows. Download the pre-built package and install</p></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Second, install cpplint, pylint and yapf</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Ubuntu or OSX:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo pip install cpplint</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">which</span> cpplint</span>
+/path/to/cpplint
+<span class="hljs-meta">
+$</span><span class="bash"> pip install yapf==0.29.0</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> pip install pylint</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Windows: Install Anaconda for package management.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">$ pip <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> cpplint
+$ <span class="hljs-keyword">where</span> cpplint
+C:/<span class="hljs-keyword">path</span>/<span class="hljs-keyword">to</span>/cpplint.exe
+
+$ pip <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> yapf==<span class="hljs-number">0.29</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>
+$ pip <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> pylint
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="usage"></a><a href="#usage" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Usage</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>After the configuration, linting should be automatically applied when editing
+source code file. Errors and warnings are listed in Visual Studio Code
+<code>PROBLEMS</code> panel.</li>
+<li>Code Formatting could be done by bringing up Command Palette(<code>Shift+Ctrl+P</code> in
+Windows or <code>Shift+Command+P</code> in OSX) and type <code>Format Document</code>.</li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="submission"></a><a href="#submission" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Submission</h4>
+<p>You need to fix the format errors before submitting the pull requests.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="developing-environment"></a><a href="#developing-environment" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Developing Environment</h2>
+<p>Visual Studio Code is recommended as the editor. Extensions like Python, C/C++,
+Code Spell Checker, autoDocstring, vim, Remote Development could be installed. A
+reference configuration (i.e., <code>settings.json</code>) of these extensions is
+<a href="https://gist.github.com/nudles/3d23cfb6ffb30ca7636c45fe60278c55">here</a>.</p>
+<p>If you update the CPP code, you need to recompile SINGA
+<a href="/docs/3.3.0/build">from source</a>. It is recommended to use the native building tools in
+the <code>*-devel</code> Docker images or <code>conda build</code>.</p>
+<p>If you only update the Python code, you can install SINGAS once, and then copy
+the updated Python files to replace those in the Python installation folder,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cp python/singa/xx.py <path to conda>/lib/python3.7/site-packages/singa/
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="workflow"></a><a href="#workflow" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Workflow</h2>
+<p>Please refer to the <a href="/docs/3.3.0/git-workflow">git workflow page</a>.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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+ }
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="coding-style"></a><a href="#coding-style" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Coding Style</h2>
+<p>The SINGA codebase follows the Google Style for both
+<a href="http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/cppguide.xml">CPP</a> and
+<a href="http://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html">Python</a> code.</p>
+<p>A simple way to enforce the Google coding styles is to use the linting and
+formating tools in the Visual Studio Code editor:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode.cpptools">C/C++ extension</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-python.python">Python extension</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=mine.cpplint">cpplint extension</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=xaver.clang-format">Clang-Format</a></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Once the extensions are installed, edit the <code>settings.json</code> file.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-json">{
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"[cpp]"</span>: {
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"editor.defaultFormatter"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"xaver.clang-format"</span>
+ },
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"cpplint.cpplintPath"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"path/to/cpplint"</span>,
+
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"editor.formatOnSave"</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"python.formatting.provider"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"yapf"</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"python.linting.enabled"</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"python.linting.lintOnSave"</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"clang-format.language.cpp.style"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"google"</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"python.formatting.yapfArgs"</span>: [<span class="hljs-string">"--style"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"{based_on_style: google}"</span>]
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>Depending on your platform, the user settings file is located here:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Windows %APPDATA%\Code\User\settings.json</li>
+<li>macOS "$HOME/Library/Application Support/Code/User/settings.json"</li>
+<li>Linux "$HOME/.config/Code/User/settings.json"</li>
+</ol>
+<p>Configurations are specified in corresponding config files. And these tools
+would look up for configuration files in the root of the project automatically,
+e.g. <code>.pylintrc</code>.</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tool-installation"></a><a href="#tool-installation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tool Installation</h4>
+<p>It is ideal when all the contributors uses the same version of code formatting
+tool (clang-format 9.0.0 and yapf 0.29.0), so that all code formatting in
+different PRs would be identical to get rid of github pull request conflicts.</p>
+<p>First, install LLVM 9.0 which provides clang-format version 9.0.0. The download
+page of LLVM is:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p><a href="http://releases.llvm.org/download.html#9.0.0">LLVM</a></p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>On Ubuntu</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh">sudo apt-get install clang-format-9
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>On Windows. Download the pre-built package and install</p></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Second, install cpplint, pylint and yapf</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Ubuntu or OSX:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo pip install cpplint</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">which</span> cpplint</span>
+/path/to/cpplint
+<span class="hljs-meta">
+$</span><span class="bash"> pip install yapf==0.29.0</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> pip install pylint</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Windows: Install Anaconda for package management.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">$ pip <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> cpplint
+$ <span class="hljs-keyword">where</span> cpplint
+C:/<span class="hljs-keyword">path</span>/<span class="hljs-keyword">to</span>/cpplint.exe
+
+$ pip <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> yapf==<span class="hljs-number">0.29</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>
+$ pip <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> pylint
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="usage"></a><a href="#usage" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Usage</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>After the configuration, linting should be automatically applied when editing
+source code file. Errors and warnings are listed in Visual Studio Code
+<code>PROBLEMS</code> panel.</li>
+<li>Code Formatting could be done by bringing up Command Palette(<code>Shift+Ctrl+P</code> in
+Windows or <code>Shift+Command+P</code> in OSX) and type <code>Format Document</code>.</li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="submission"></a><a href="#submission" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Submission</h4>
+<p>You need to fix the format errors before submitting the pull requests.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="developing-environment"></a><a href="#developing-environment" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Developing Environment</h2>
+<p>Visual Studio Code is recommended as the editor. Extensions like Python, C/C++,
+Code Spell Checker, autoDocstring, vim, Remote Development could be installed. A
+reference configuration (i.e., <code>settings.json</code>) of these extensions is
+<a href="https://gist.github.com/nudles/3d23cfb6ffb30ca7636c45fe60278c55">here</a>.</p>
+<p>If you update the CPP code, you need to recompile SINGA
+<a href="/docs/3.3.0/build">from source</a>. It is recommended to use the native building tools in
+the <code>*-devel</code> Docker images or <code>conda build</code>.</p>
+<p>If you only update the Python code, you can install SINGAS once, and then copy
+the updated Python files to replace those in the Python installation folder,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cp python/singa/xx.py <path to conda>/lib/python3.7/site-packages/singa/
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="workflow"></a><a href="#workflow" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Workflow</h2>
+<p>Please refer to the <a href="/docs/3.3.0/git-workflow">git workflow page</a>.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
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+<p>There are two types of documentation, namely markdown files and API usage
+reference. This guideline introduces some tools and instruction in preparing the
+source markdown files and API comments.</p>
+<p>The markdown files will be built into HTML pages via
+<a href="https://docusaurus.io/">Docusaurus</a>; The API comments (from the source code)
+will be used to generate API reference pages using Sphinx (for Python) and
+Doxygen (for CPP).</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="markdown-files"></a><a href="#markdown-files" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Markdown Files</h2>
+<p>Try to follow the
+<a href="https://developers.google.com/style">Google Documentation style</a>. For example,</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Remove 'please' from an instruction. 'Please click...' VS 'Click ...'.</li>
+<li>Follow the
+<a href="https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/mechanics/help_with_capitals.html">standard captitalization rules</a>.</li>
+<li>Use 'you' instead of 'we' in the instructions.</li>
+<li>Use present tense and avoid 'will'</li>
+<li>Prefer active voice than passive voice.</li>
+</ol>
+<p>In addition, to make the documentation consistent,</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Keep the line short, e.g., length<=80</li>
+<li>Use the relative path assuming that we are in the root folder of the repo,
+e.g., <code>doc-site/docs</code> refers to <code>singa-doc/docs-site/docs</code></li>
+<li>Higlight the command, path, class function and variable using backticks,
+e.g., <code>Tensor</code>, <code>singa-doc/docs-site/docs</code>.</li>
+<li>To hightlight other terms/concepts, use <em>graph</em> or <strong>graph</strong></li>
+</ol>
+<p>The <a href="https://prettier.io/">prettier tool</a> used by this project will auto-format
+the code according to the
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/.prettierrc">configuration</a>
+when we do <code>git commit</code>. For example, it will wrap the text in the markdown file
+to at most 80 characters (except the lines for comments).</p>
+<p>When introducing a concept (e.g., the <code>Tensor</code> class), provide the overview (the
+purpose and relation to other concepts), APIs and examples. Google colab can be
+used to demonstrate the usage.</p>
+<p>Refer to <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/tree/master/docs-site">this page</a>
+for the details on how to edit the markdown files and build the website.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="api-references"></a><a href="#api-references" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>API References</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h3>
+<p>Follow the
+<a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#Comments">Google CPP Comments Style</a>.</p>
+<p>To generate docs, run "doxygen" from the doc folder (Doxygen >= 1.8 recommended)</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h3>
+<p>Follow the
+<a href="http://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html#38-comments-and-docstrings">Google Python DocString Style</a>.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="visual-studio-code-vscode"></a><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Visual Studio Code (vscode)</h2>
+<p>If you use vscode as the editor, the following plugins are useful.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="docstring-snippet"></a><a href="#docstring-snippet" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Docstring Snippet</h3>
+<p><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=njpwerner.autodocstring">autoDocstring</a>
+generates the docstring of functions, classes, etc. Choose the DocString Format
+to <code>google</code>.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="spell-check"></a><a href="#spell-check" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Spell Check</h3>
+<p><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=streetsidesoftware.code-spell-checker">Code Spell Checker</a>
+can be configured to check the comments of the code, or .md and .rst files.</p>
+<p>To do spell check only for comments of Python code, add the following snippet
+via <code>File - Preferences - User Snippets - python.json</code></p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">"cspell check" : {
+"prefix": "cspell",
+"body": [
+ "# Directives for doing spell check only for python and c/cpp comments",
+ "# cSpell:includeRegExp #.* ",
+ "# cSpell:includeRegExp (\"\"\"|''')[^\1]*\1",
+ "# cSpell: CStyleComment",
+],
+"description": "# spell check only for python comments"
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>To do spell check only for comments of Cpp code, add the following snippet via
+<code>File - Preferences - User Snippets - cpp.json</code></p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">"cspell check" : {
+"prefix": "cspell",
+"body": [
+ "// Directive for doing spell check only for cpp comments",
+ "// cSpell:includeRegExp CStyleComment",
+],
+"description": "# spell check only for cpp comments"
+}
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#markdown-files">Markdown Files</a></li><li><a href="#api-references">API References</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#spell-check">Spell Check</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>There are two types of documentation, namely markdown files and API usage
+reference. This guideline introduces some tools and instruction in preparing the
+source markdown files and API comments.</p>
+<p>The markdown files will be built into HTML pages via
+<a href="https://docusaurus.io/">Docusaurus</a>; The API comments (from the source code)
+will be used to generate API reference pages using Sphinx (for Python) and
+Doxygen (for CPP).</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="markdown-files"></a><a href="#markdown-files" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Markdown Files</h2>
+<p>Try to follow the
+<a href="https://developers.google.com/style">Google Documentation style</a>. For example,</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Remove 'please' from an instruction. 'Please click...' VS 'Click ...'.</li>
+<li>Follow the
+<a href="https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/mechanics/help_with_capitals.html">standard captitalization rules</a>.</li>
+<li>Use 'you' instead of 'we' in the instructions.</li>
+<li>Use present tense and avoid 'will'</li>
+<li>Prefer active voice than passive voice.</li>
+</ol>
+<p>In addition, to make the documentation consistent,</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Keep the line short, e.g., length<=80</li>
+<li>Use the relative path assuming that we are in the root folder of the repo,
+e.g., <code>doc-site/docs</code> refers to <code>singa-doc/docs-site/docs</code></li>
+<li>Higlight the command, path, class function and variable using backticks,
+e.g., <code>Tensor</code>, <code>singa-doc/docs-site/docs</code>.</li>
+<li>To hightlight other terms/concepts, use <em>graph</em> or <strong>graph</strong></li>
+</ol>
+<p>The <a href="https://prettier.io/">prettier tool</a> used by this project will auto-format
+the code according to the
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/.prettierrc">configuration</a>
+when we do <code>git commit</code>. For example, it will wrap the text in the markdown file
+to at most 80 characters (except the lines for comments).</p>
+<p>When introducing a concept (e.g., the <code>Tensor</code> class), provide the overview (the
+purpose and relation to other concepts), APIs and examples. Google colab can be
+used to demonstrate the usage.</p>
+<p>Refer to <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/tree/master/docs-site">this page</a>
+for the details on how to edit the markdown files and build the website.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="api-references"></a><a href="#api-references" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>API References</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h3>
+<p>Follow the
+<a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#Comments">Google CPP Comments Style</a>.</p>
+<p>To generate docs, run "doxygen" from the doc folder (Doxygen >= 1.8 recommended)</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h3>
+<p>Follow the
+<a href="http://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html#38-comments-and-docstrings">Google Python DocString Style</a>.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="visual-studio-code-vscode"></a><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Visual Studio Code (vscode)</h2>
+<p>If you use vscode as the editor, the following plugins are useful.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="docstring-snippet"></a><a href="#docstring-snippet" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Docstring Snippet</h3>
+<p><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=njpwerner.autodocstring">autoDocstring</a>
+generates the docstring of functions, classes, etc. Choose the DocString Format
+to <code>google</code>.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="spell-check"></a><a href="#spell-check" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Spell Check</h3>
+<p><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=streetsidesoftware.code-spell-checker">Code Spell Checker</a>
+can be configured to check the comments of the code, or .md and .rst files.</p>
+<p>To do spell check only for comments of Python code, add the following snippet
+via <code>File - Preferences - User Snippets - python.json</code></p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">"cspell check" : {
+"prefix": "cspell",
+"body": [
+ "# Directives for doing spell check only for python and c/cpp comments",
+ "# cSpell:includeRegExp #.* ",
+ "# cSpell:includeRegExp (\"\"\"|''')[^\1]*\1",
+ "# cSpell: CStyleComment",
+],
+"description": "# spell check only for python comments"
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>To do spell check only for comments of Cpp code, add the following snippet via
+<code>File - Preferences - User Snippets - cpp.json</code></p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">"cspell check" : {
+"prefix": "cspell",
+"body": [
+ "// Directive for doing spell check only for cpp comments",
+ "// cSpell:includeRegExp CStyleComment",
+],
+"description": "# spell check only for cpp comments"
+}
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#markdown-files">Markdown Files</a></li><li><a href="#api-references">API References</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#spell-check">Spell Check</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Device · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Device · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Guides</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Getting Started</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/installation">Installation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/software-stack">Software Stack</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/examples">Examples</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Guides</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/device">Device</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/tensor">Tensor</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/autograd">Autograd</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/optimizer">Optimizer</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/graph">Model</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/onnx">ONNX</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/dist-train">Distributed Training</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/time-profiling">Time Profiling</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/half-precision">Half Precision</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Development</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/downloads">Download SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/build">Build SINGA from Source</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/contribute-code">How to Contribute Code</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/contribute-docs">How to Contribute to Documentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/how-to-release">How to Prepare a Release</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/git-workflow">Git Workflow</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+<p>The Device abstract represents a hardware device with memory and computing
+units. All <a href="./tensor">Tensor operations</a> are scheduled by the resident device
+for execution. Tensor memory is also managed by the device's memory manager.
+Therefore, optimization of memory and execution are implemented in the Device
+class.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="specific-devices"></a><a href="#specific-devices" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Specific devices</h2>
+<p>Currently, SINGA has three Device implmentations,</p>
+<ol>
+<li>CudaGPU for an Nvidia GPU card which runs Cuda code</li>
+<li>CppCPU for a CPU which runs Cpp code</li>
+<li>OpenclGPU for a GPU card which runs OpenCL code</li>
+</ol>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="example-usage"></a><a href="#example-usage" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Example Usage</h2>
+<p>The following code provides examples of creating devices:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> device
+cuda = device.create_cuda_gpu_on(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># use GPU card of ID 0</span>
+host = device.get_default_device() <span class="hljs-comment"># get the default host device (a CppCPU)</span>
+ary1 = device.create_cuda_gpus(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices, starting from ID 0</span>
+ary2 = device.create_cuda_gpus([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices on ID 0 and 2</span>
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/device/index.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/device/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6523af6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/device/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
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+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Guides</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Getting Started</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/installation">Installation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/software-stack">Software Stack</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/examples">Examples</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Guides</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/device">Device</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/tensor">Tensor</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/autograd">Autograd</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/optimizer">Optimizer</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/graph">Model</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/onnx">ONNX</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/dist-train">Distributed Training</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/time-profiling">Time Profiling</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/half-precision">Half Precision</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Development</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/downloads">Download SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/build">Build SINGA from Source</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/contribute-code">How to Contribute Code</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/contribute-docs">How to Contribute to Documentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/how-to-release">How to Prepare a Release</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/git-workflow">Git Workflow</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+<p>The Device abstract represents a hardware device with memory and computing
+units. All <a href="./tensor">Tensor operations</a> are scheduled by the resident device
+for execution. Tensor memory is also managed by the device's memory manager.
+Therefore, optimization of memory and execution are implemented in the Device
+class.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="specific-devices"></a><a href="#specific-devices" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Specific devices</h2>
+<p>Currently, SINGA has three Device implmentations,</p>
+<ol>
+<li>CudaGPU for an Nvidia GPU card which runs Cuda code</li>
+<li>CppCPU for a CPU which runs Cpp code</li>
+<li>OpenclGPU for a GPU card which runs OpenCL code</li>
+</ol>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="example-usage"></a><a href="#example-usage" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Example Usage</h2>
+<p>The following code provides examples of creating devices:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> device
+cuda = device.create_cuda_gpu_on(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># use GPU card of ID 0</span>
+host = device.get_default_device() <span class="hljs-comment"># get the default host device (a CppCPU)</span>
+ary1 = device.create_cuda_gpus(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices, starting from ID 0</span>
+ary2 = device.create_cuda_gpus([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices on ID 0 and 2</span>
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Distributed Training · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Distributed Training · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Guides</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Getting Started</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/installation">Installation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/software-stack">Software Stack</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/examples">Examples</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Guides</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/device">Device</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/tensor">Tensor</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/autograd">Autograd</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/optimizer">Optimizer</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/graph">Model</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/onnx">ONNX</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/dist-train">Distributed Training</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/time-profiling">Time Profiling</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/half-precision">Half Precision</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Development</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/downloads">Download SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/build">Build SINGA from Source</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/contribute-code">How to Contribute Code</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/contribute-docs">How to Contribute to Documentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/how-to-release">How to Prepare a Release</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/git-workflow">Git Workflow</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+ arrow.classList.toggle('rotate');
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/dist-train.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Distributed Training</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA supports data parallel training across multiple GPUs (on a single node or
+across different nodes). The following figure illustrates the data parallel
+training:</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/MPI.png" alt="MPI.png"></p>
+<p>In distributed training, each process (called a worker) runs a training script
+over a single GPU. Each process has an individual communication rank. The
+training data is partitioned among the workers and the model is replicated on
+every worker. In each iteration, the workers read a mini-batch of data (e.g.,
+256 images) from its partition and run the BackPropagation algorithm to compute
+the gradients of the weights, which are averaged via all-reduce (provided by
+<a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/nccl">NCCL</a>) for weight update following
+stochastic gradient descent algorithms (SGD).</p>
+<p>The all-reduce operation by NCCL can be used to reduce and synchronize the
+gradients from different GPUs. Let's consider the training with 4 GPUs as shown
+below. Once the gradients from the 4 GPUs are calculated, all-reduce will return
+the sum of the gradients over the GPUs and make it available on every GPU. Then
+the averaged gradients can be easily calculated.</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/AllReduce.png" alt="AllReduce.png"></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="usage"></a><a href="#usage" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Usage</h2>
+<p>SINGA implements a module called <code>DistOpt</code> (a subclass of <code>Opt</code>) for distributed
+training. It wraps a normal SGD optimizer and calls <code>Communicator</code> for gradients
+synchronization. The following example illustrates the usage of <code>DistOpt</code> for
+training a CNN model over the MNIST dataset. The source code is available
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/">here</a>, and there is
+a <a href="">Colab notebook</a> for it.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="example-code"></a><a href="#example-code" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Example Code</h3>
+<ol>
+<li>Define the neural network model:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">CNN</span><span class="hljs-params">(model.Model)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, num_channels=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)</span>:</span>
+ super(CNN, self).__init__()
+ self.conv1 = layer.Conv2d(num_channels, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, activation=<span class="hljs-string">"RELU"</span>)
+ self.conv2 = layer.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">50</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, activation=<span class="hljs-string">"RELU"</span>)
+ self.linear1 = layer.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">500</span>)
+ self.linear2 = layer.Linear(num_classes)
+ self.pooling1 = layer.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.pooling2 = layer.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.relu = layer.ReLU()
+ self.flatten = layer.Flatten()
+ self.softmax_cross_entropy = layer.SoftMaxCrossEntropy()
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x)</span>:</span>
+ y = self.conv1(x)
+ y = self.pooling1(y)
+ y = self.conv2(y)
+ y = self.pooling2(y)
+ y = self.flatten(y)
+ y = self.linear1(y)
+ y = self.relu(y)
+ y = self.linear2(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, y, dist_option=<span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>, spars=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)</span>:</span>
+ out = self.forward(x)
+ loss = self.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Allow different options for distributed training</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># See the section "Optimizations for Distributed Training"</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>:
+ self.optimizer(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp16'</span>:
+ self.optimizer.backward_and_update_half(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'partialUpdate'</span>:
+ self.optimizer.backward_and_partial_update(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseTopK'</span>:
+ self.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>,
+ spars=spars)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseThreshold'</span>:
+ self.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>,
+ spars=spars)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># create model</span>
+model = CNN()
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>Create the <code>DistOpt</code> instance and attach it to the created model:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>)
+sgd = opt.DistOpt(sgd)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu_on(sgd.local_rank)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Here are some explanations concerning some variables in the code:</p>
+<p>(i) <code>dev</code></p>
+<p>dev represents the <code>Device</code> instance, where to load data and run the CNN model.</p>
+<p>(ii)<code>local_rank</code></p>
+<p>Local rank represents the GPU number the current process is using in the same
+node. For example, if you are using a node with 2 GPUs, <code>local_rank=0</code> means
+that this process is using the first GPU, while <code>local_rank=1</code> means using the
+second GPU. Using MPI or multiprocess, you are able to run the same training
+script which is only different in the value of <code>local_rank</code>.</p>
+<p>(iii)<code>global_rank</code></p>
+<p>Rank in global represents the global rank considered all the processes in all
+the nodes you are using. Let's consider the case you have 3 nodes and each of
+the node has two GPUs, <code>global_rank=0</code> means the process using the 1st GPU at
+the 1st node, <code>global_rank=2</code> means the process using the 1st GPU of the 2nd
+node, and <code>global_rank=4</code> means the process using the 1st GPU of the 3rd node.</p>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>Load and partition the training/validation data:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">data_partition</span><span class="hljs-params">(dataset_x, dataset_y, global_rank, world_size)</span>:</span>
+ data_per_rank = dataset_x.shape[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] // world_size
+ idx_start = global_rank * data_per_rank
+ idx_end = (global_rank + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * data_per_rank
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dataset_x[idx_start:idx_end], dataset_y[idx_start:idx_end]
+
+train_x, train_y, test_x, test_y = load_dataset()
+train_x, train_y = data_partition(train_x, train_y,
+ sgd.global_rank, sgd.world_size)
+test_x, test_y = data_partition(test_x, test_y,
+ sgd.global_rank, sgd.world_size)
+</code></pre>
+<p>A partition of the dataset is returned for this <code>dev</code>.</p>
+<p>Here, <code>world_size</code> represents the total number of processes in all the nodes you
+are using for distributed training.</p>
+<ol start="4">
+<li>Initialize and synchronize the model parameters among all workers:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment">#Synchronize the initial parameter</span>
+tx = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, IMG_SIZE, IMG_SIZE), dev, tensor.float32)
+ty = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, num_classes), dev, tensor.int32)
+model.compile([tx], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, use_graph=graph, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+...
+<span class="hljs-comment">#Use the same random seed for different ranks</span>
+seed = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
+dev.SetRandSeed(seed)
+np.random.seed(seed)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="5">
+<li>Run BackPropagation and distributed SGD</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> epoch <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(max_epoch):
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_train_batch):
+ x = train_x[idx[b * batch_size: (b + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * batch_size]]
+ y = train_y[idx[b * batch_size: (b + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * batch_size]]
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(x)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(y)
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Train the model</span>
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="execution-instruction"></a><a href="#execution-instruction" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Execution Instruction</h3>
+<p>There are two ways to launch the training: MPI or Python multiprocessing.</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-multiprocessing"></a><a href="#python-multiprocessing" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python multiprocessing</h4>
+<p>It works on a single node with multiple GPUs, where each GPU is one worker.</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Put all the above training codes in a function</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_mnist_cnn</span><span class="hljs-params">(nccl_id=None, local_rank=None, world_size=None)</span>:</span>
+ ...
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>Create <code>mnist_multiprocess.py</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="hljs-string">'__main__'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Generate a NCCL ID to be used for collective communication</span>
+ nccl_id = singa.NcclIdHolder()
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Define the number of GPUs to be used in the training process</span>
+ world_size = int(sys.argv[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>])
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Define and launch the multi-processing</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> multiprocessing
+ process = []
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> local_rank <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, world_size):
+ process.append(multiprocessing.Process(target=train_mnist_cnn,
+ args=(nccl_id, local_rank, world_size)))
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> process:
+ p.start()
+</code></pre>
+<p>Here are some explanations concerning the variables created above:</p>
+<p>(i) <code>nccl_id</code></p>
+<p>Note that we need to generate a NCCL ID here to be used for collective
+communication, and then pass it to all the processes. The NCCL ID is like a
+ticket, where only the processes with this ID can join the all-reduce operation.
+(Later if we use MPI, the passing of NCCL ID is not necessary, because the ID is
+broadcased by MPI in our code automatically)</p>
+<p>(ii) <code>world_size</code></p>
+<p>world_size is the number of GPUs you would like to use for training.</p>
+<p>(iii) <code>local_rank</code></p>
+<p>local_rank determine the local rank of the distributed training and which gpu is
+used in the process. In the code above, we used a for loop to run the train
+function where the argument local_rank iterates from 0 to world_size. In this
+case, different processes can use different GPUs for training.</p>
+<p>The arguments for creating the <code>DistOpt</code> instance should be updated as follows</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">sgd = opt.DistOpt(sgd, nccl_id=nccl_id, local_rank=local_rank, world_size=world_size)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>Run <code>mnist_multiprocess.py</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh">python mnist_multiprocess.py 2
+</code></pre>
+<p>It results in speed up compared to the single GPU training.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">408.909790</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.880475</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.956430</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">1</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">102.396790</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.967415</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.977564</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">2</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">69.217010</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.977915</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.981370</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">3</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">54.248390</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.982823</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.984075</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">4</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">45.213406</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.985560</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.985276</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">5</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">38.868435</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987764</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.986278</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">6</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">34.078186</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.989149</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987881</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">7</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">30.138697</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.990451</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988181</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">8</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">26.854443</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.991520</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988682</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">9</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">24.039650</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.992405</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.989083</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="mpi"></a><a href="#mpi" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>MPI</h4>
+<p>It works for both single node and multiple nodes as long as there are multiple
+GPUs.</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Create <code>mnist_dist.py</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="hljs-string">'__main__'</span>:
+ train_mnist_cnn()
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>Generate a hostfile for MPI, e.g. the hostfile below uses 2 processes (i.e.,
+2 GPUs) on a single node</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-txt">localhost:<span class="hljs-number">2</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>Launch the training via <code>mpiexec</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh">mpiexec --hostfile host_file python mnist_dist.py
+</code></pre>
+<p>It could result in speed up compared to the single GPU training.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">383.969543</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.886402</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.954327</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">1</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">97.531479</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.969451</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.977163</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">2</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">67.166870</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.978516</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.980769</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">3</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">53.369656</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.983040</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.983974</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">4</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">45.100403</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.985777</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.986078</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">5</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">39.330826</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987447</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987179</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">6</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">34.655270</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988799</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987780</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">7</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">30.749735</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.989984</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988281</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">8</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">27.422146</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.991319</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988582</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">9</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">24.548153</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.992171</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988682</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="optimizations-for-distributed-training"></a><a href="#optimizations-for-distributed-training" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Optimizations for Distributed Training</h2>
+<p>SINGA provides multiple optimization strategies for distributed training to
+reduce the communication cost. Refer to the API for <code>DistOpt</code> for the
+configuration of each strategy.</p>
+<p>When we use <code>model.Model</code> to build a model, we need to put the options for
+distributed training in the <code>train_one_batch</code> method. Please refer to the
+example code on top of this page. We could just copy the code for the options
+and use it in other models.</p>
+<p>With the defined options, we can put the arguments <code>dist_option</code> and <code>spars</code>
+when we start the training with <code>model(tx, ty, dist_option, spars)</code></p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="no-optimizations"></a><a href="#no-optimizations" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>No Optimizations</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>loss</code> is the output tensor from the loss function, e.g., cross-entropy for
+classification tasks.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="half-precision-gradients"></a><a href="#half-precision-gradients" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Half-precision Gradients</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty, dist_option = <span class="hljs-string">'fp16'</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<p>It converts each gradient value to 16-bit representation (i.e., half-precision)
+before calling all-reduce.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="partial-synchronization"></a><a href="#partial-synchronization" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Partial Synchronization</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty, dist_option = <span class="hljs-string">'partialUpdate'</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<p>In each iteration, every rank do the local sgd update. Then, only a chunk of
+parameters are averaged for synchronization, which saves the communication cost.
+The chunk size is configured when creating the <code>DistOpt</code> instance.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="gradient-sparsification"></a><a href="#gradient-sparsification" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Gradient Sparsification</h3>
+<p>It applies sparsification schemes to select a subset of gradients for
+all-reduce. There are two scheme:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>The top-K largest elements are selected. spars is the portion (0 - 1) of total
+elements selected.</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty, dist_option = <span class="hljs-string">'sparseTopK'</span>, spars = spars)
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>All gradients whose absolute value are larger than predefined threshold spars
+are selected.</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty, dist_option = <span class="hljs-string">'sparseThreshold'</span>, spars = spars)
+</code></pre>
+<p>The hyper-parameters are configured when creating the <code>DistOpt</code> instance.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="implementation"></a><a href="#implementation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Implementation</h2>
+<p>This section is mainly for developers who want to know how the code in
+distribute module is implemented.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="c-interface-for-nccl-communicator"></a><a href="#c-interface-for-nccl-communicator" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>C interface for NCCL communicator</h3>
+<p>Firstly, the communication layer is written in C language
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/src/io/communicator.cc">communicator.cc</a>.
+It applies the NCCL library for collective communication.</p>
+<p>There are two constructors for the communicator, one for MPI and another for
+multiprocess.</p>
+<p>(i) Constructor using MPI</p>
+<p>The constructor first obtains the global rank and the world size first, and
+calculate the local rank. Then, rank 0 generates a NCCL ID and broadcast it to
+every rank. After that, it calls the setup function to initialize the NCCL
+communicator, cuda streams, and buffers.</p>
+<p>(ii) Constructor using Python multiprocess</p>
+<p>The constructor first obtains the rank, the world size, and the NCCL ID from the
+input argument. After that, it calls the setup function to initialize the NCCL
+communicator, cuda streams, and buffers.</p>
+<p>After the initialization, it provides the all-reduce functionality to
+synchronize the model parameters or gradients. For instance, synch takes a input
+tensor and perform all-reduce through the NCCL routine. After we call synch, it
+is necessary to call wait function to wait for the all-reduce operation to be
+completed.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-interface-for-distopt"></a><a href="#python-interface-for-distopt" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python interface for DistOpt</h3>
+<p>Then, the python interface provide a
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/opt.py">DistOpt</a> class
+to wrap an
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/opt.py">optimizer</a>
+object to perform distributed training based on MPI or multiprocessing. During
+the initialization, it creates a NCCL communicator object (from the C interface
+as mentioned in the subsection above). Then, this communicator object is used
+for every all-reduce operations in DistOpt.</p>
+<p>In MPI or multiprocess, each process has an individual rank, which gives
+information of which GPU the individual process is using. The training data is
+partitioned, so that each process can evaluate the sub-gradient based on the
+partitioned training data. Once the sub-gradient is calculated on each
+processes, the overall stochastic gradient is obtained by all-reducing the
+sub-gradients evaluated by all processes.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/onnx"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>ONNX</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/time-profiling"><span>Time Profiling</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example-code">Example Code</a></li><li><a href="#execution-instruction">Execution Instruction</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#optimizations-for-distributed-training">Optimizations for Distributed Training</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#no-optimizations">No Optimizations</a></li><li><a href="#half-precision-gradients">Half-precision Gradients</a></li><li><a href="#partial-synchronization">Partial Synchronization</a></li><li><a href="#gradient-sparsification">Gradient Sparsification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#c-interface-for-nccl-communicator">C interface for NCCL communicator</a></li><li><a href="#python-interface-for-distopt">Python interface for DistOpt</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/dist-train.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Distributed Training</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA supports data parallel training across multiple GPUs (on a single node or
+across different nodes). The following figure illustrates the data parallel
+training:</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/MPI.png" alt="MPI.png"></p>
+<p>In distributed training, each process (called a worker) runs a training script
+over a single GPU. Each process has an individual communication rank. The
+training data is partitioned among the workers and the model is replicated on
+every worker. In each iteration, the workers read a mini-batch of data (e.g.,
+256 images) from its partition and run the BackPropagation algorithm to compute
+the gradients of the weights, which are averaged via all-reduce (provided by
+<a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/nccl">NCCL</a>) for weight update following
+stochastic gradient descent algorithms (SGD).</p>
+<p>The all-reduce operation by NCCL can be used to reduce and synchronize the
+gradients from different GPUs. Let's consider the training with 4 GPUs as shown
+below. Once the gradients from the 4 GPUs are calculated, all-reduce will return
+the sum of the gradients over the GPUs and make it available on every GPU. Then
+the averaged gradients can be easily calculated.</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/AllReduce.png" alt="AllReduce.png"></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="usage"></a><a href="#usage" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Usage</h2>
+<p>SINGA implements a module called <code>DistOpt</code> (a subclass of <code>Opt</code>) for distributed
+training. It wraps a normal SGD optimizer and calls <code>Communicator</code> for gradients
+synchronization. The following example illustrates the usage of <code>DistOpt</code> for
+training a CNN model over the MNIST dataset. The source code is available
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/">here</a>, and there is
+a <a href="">Colab notebook</a> for it.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="example-code"></a><a href="#example-code" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Example Code</h3>
+<ol>
+<li>Define the neural network model:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">CNN</span><span class="hljs-params">(model.Model)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, num_channels=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)</span>:</span>
+ super(CNN, self).__init__()
+ self.conv1 = layer.Conv2d(num_channels, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, activation=<span class="hljs-string">"RELU"</span>)
+ self.conv2 = layer.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">50</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, activation=<span class="hljs-string">"RELU"</span>)
+ self.linear1 = layer.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">500</span>)
+ self.linear2 = layer.Linear(num_classes)
+ self.pooling1 = layer.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.pooling2 = layer.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.relu = layer.ReLU()
+ self.flatten = layer.Flatten()
+ self.softmax_cross_entropy = layer.SoftMaxCrossEntropy()
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x)</span>:</span>
+ y = self.conv1(x)
+ y = self.pooling1(y)
+ y = self.conv2(y)
+ y = self.pooling2(y)
+ y = self.flatten(y)
+ y = self.linear1(y)
+ y = self.relu(y)
+ y = self.linear2(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, y, dist_option=<span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>, spars=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)</span>:</span>
+ out = self.forward(x)
+ loss = self.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Allow different options for distributed training</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># See the section "Optimizations for Distributed Training"</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>:
+ self.optimizer(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp16'</span>:
+ self.optimizer.backward_and_update_half(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'partialUpdate'</span>:
+ self.optimizer.backward_and_partial_update(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseTopK'</span>:
+ self.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>,
+ spars=spars)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseThreshold'</span>:
+ self.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>,
+ spars=spars)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># create model</span>
+model = CNN()
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>Create the <code>DistOpt</code> instance and attach it to the created model:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>)
+sgd = opt.DistOpt(sgd)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu_on(sgd.local_rank)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Here are some explanations concerning some variables in the code:</p>
+<p>(i) <code>dev</code></p>
+<p>dev represents the <code>Device</code> instance, where to load data and run the CNN model.</p>
+<p>(ii)<code>local_rank</code></p>
+<p>Local rank represents the GPU number the current process is using in the same
+node. For example, if you are using a node with 2 GPUs, <code>local_rank=0</code> means
+that this process is using the first GPU, while <code>local_rank=1</code> means using the
+second GPU. Using MPI or multiprocess, you are able to run the same training
+script which is only different in the value of <code>local_rank</code>.</p>
+<p>(iii)<code>global_rank</code></p>
+<p>Rank in global represents the global rank considered all the processes in all
+the nodes you are using. Let's consider the case you have 3 nodes and each of
+the node has two GPUs, <code>global_rank=0</code> means the process using the 1st GPU at
+the 1st node, <code>global_rank=2</code> means the process using the 1st GPU of the 2nd
+node, and <code>global_rank=4</code> means the process using the 1st GPU of the 3rd node.</p>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>Load and partition the training/validation data:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">data_partition</span><span class="hljs-params">(dataset_x, dataset_y, global_rank, world_size)</span>:</span>
+ data_per_rank = dataset_x.shape[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] // world_size
+ idx_start = global_rank * data_per_rank
+ idx_end = (global_rank + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * data_per_rank
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dataset_x[idx_start:idx_end], dataset_y[idx_start:idx_end]
+
+train_x, train_y, test_x, test_y = load_dataset()
+train_x, train_y = data_partition(train_x, train_y,
+ sgd.global_rank, sgd.world_size)
+test_x, test_y = data_partition(test_x, test_y,
+ sgd.global_rank, sgd.world_size)
+</code></pre>
+<p>A partition of the dataset is returned for this <code>dev</code>.</p>
+<p>Here, <code>world_size</code> represents the total number of processes in all the nodes you
+are using for distributed training.</p>
+<ol start="4">
+<li>Initialize and synchronize the model parameters among all workers:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment">#Synchronize the initial parameter</span>
+tx = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, IMG_SIZE, IMG_SIZE), dev, tensor.float32)
+ty = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, num_classes), dev, tensor.int32)
+model.compile([tx], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, use_graph=graph, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+...
+<span class="hljs-comment">#Use the same random seed for different ranks</span>
+seed = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
+dev.SetRandSeed(seed)
+np.random.seed(seed)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="5">
+<li>Run BackPropagation and distributed SGD</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> epoch <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(max_epoch):
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_train_batch):
+ x = train_x[idx[b * batch_size: (b + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * batch_size]]
+ y = train_y[idx[b * batch_size: (b + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * batch_size]]
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(x)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(y)
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Train the model</span>
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="execution-instruction"></a><a href="#execution-instruction" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Execution Instruction</h3>
+<p>There are two ways to launch the training: MPI or Python multiprocessing.</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-multiprocessing"></a><a href="#python-multiprocessing" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python multiprocessing</h4>
+<p>It works on a single node with multiple GPUs, where each GPU is one worker.</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Put all the above training codes in a function</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_mnist_cnn</span><span class="hljs-params">(nccl_id=None, local_rank=None, world_size=None)</span>:</span>
+ ...
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>Create <code>mnist_multiprocess.py</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="hljs-string">'__main__'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Generate a NCCL ID to be used for collective communication</span>
+ nccl_id = singa.NcclIdHolder()
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Define the number of GPUs to be used in the training process</span>
+ world_size = int(sys.argv[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>])
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Define and launch the multi-processing</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> multiprocessing
+ process = []
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> local_rank <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, world_size):
+ process.append(multiprocessing.Process(target=train_mnist_cnn,
+ args=(nccl_id, local_rank, world_size)))
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> process:
+ p.start()
+</code></pre>
+<p>Here are some explanations concerning the variables created above:</p>
+<p>(i) <code>nccl_id</code></p>
+<p>Note that we need to generate a NCCL ID here to be used for collective
+communication, and then pass it to all the processes. The NCCL ID is like a
+ticket, where only the processes with this ID can join the all-reduce operation.
+(Later if we use MPI, the passing of NCCL ID is not necessary, because the ID is
+broadcased by MPI in our code automatically)</p>
+<p>(ii) <code>world_size</code></p>
+<p>world_size is the number of GPUs you would like to use for training.</p>
+<p>(iii) <code>local_rank</code></p>
+<p>local_rank determine the local rank of the distributed training and which gpu is
+used in the process. In the code above, we used a for loop to run the train
+function where the argument local_rank iterates from 0 to world_size. In this
+case, different processes can use different GPUs for training.</p>
+<p>The arguments for creating the <code>DistOpt</code> instance should be updated as follows</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">sgd = opt.DistOpt(sgd, nccl_id=nccl_id, local_rank=local_rank, world_size=world_size)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>Run <code>mnist_multiprocess.py</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh">python mnist_multiprocess.py 2
+</code></pre>
+<p>It results in speed up compared to the single GPU training.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">408.909790</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.880475</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.956430</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">1</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">102.396790</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.967415</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.977564</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">2</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">69.217010</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.977915</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.981370</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">3</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">54.248390</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.982823</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.984075</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">4</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">45.213406</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.985560</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.985276</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">5</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">38.868435</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987764</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.986278</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">6</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">34.078186</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.989149</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987881</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">7</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">30.138697</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.990451</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988181</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">8</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">26.854443</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.991520</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988682</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">9</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">24.039650</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.992405</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.989083</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="mpi"></a><a href="#mpi" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>MPI</h4>
+<p>It works for both single node and multiple nodes as long as there are multiple
+GPUs.</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Create <code>mnist_dist.py</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="hljs-string">'__main__'</span>:
+ train_mnist_cnn()
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>Generate a hostfile for MPI, e.g. the hostfile below uses 2 processes (i.e.,
+2 GPUs) on a single node</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-txt">localhost:<span class="hljs-number">2</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>Launch the training via <code>mpiexec</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh">mpiexec --hostfile host_file python mnist_dist.py
+</code></pre>
+<p>It could result in speed up compared to the single GPU training.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">383.969543</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.886402</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.954327</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">1</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">97.531479</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.969451</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.977163</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">2</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">67.166870</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.978516</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.980769</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">3</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">53.369656</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.983040</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.983974</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">4</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">45.100403</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.985777</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.986078</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">5</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">39.330826</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987447</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987179</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">6</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">34.655270</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988799</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987780</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">7</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">30.749735</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.989984</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988281</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">8</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">27.422146</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.991319</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988582</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">9</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">24.548153</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.992171</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988682</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="optimizations-for-distributed-training"></a><a href="#optimizations-for-distributed-training" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Optimizations for Distributed Training</h2>
+<p>SINGA provides multiple optimization strategies for distributed training to
+reduce the communication cost. Refer to the API for <code>DistOpt</code> for the
+configuration of each strategy.</p>
+<p>When we use <code>model.Model</code> to build a model, we need to put the options for
+distributed training in the <code>train_one_batch</code> method. Please refer to the
+example code on top of this page. We could just copy the code for the options
+and use it in other models.</p>
+<p>With the defined options, we can put the arguments <code>dist_option</code> and <code>spars</code>
+when we start the training with <code>model(tx, ty, dist_option, spars)</code></p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="no-optimizations"></a><a href="#no-optimizations" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>No Optimizations</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>loss</code> is the output tensor from the loss function, e.g., cross-entropy for
+classification tasks.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="half-precision-gradients"></a><a href="#half-precision-gradients" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Half-precision Gradients</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty, dist_option = <span class="hljs-string">'fp16'</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<p>It converts each gradient value to 16-bit representation (i.e., half-precision)
+before calling all-reduce.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="partial-synchronization"></a><a href="#partial-synchronization" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Partial Synchronization</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty, dist_option = <span class="hljs-string">'partialUpdate'</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<p>In each iteration, every rank do the local sgd update. Then, only a chunk of
+parameters are averaged for synchronization, which saves the communication cost.
+The chunk size is configured when creating the <code>DistOpt</code> instance.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="gradient-sparsification"></a><a href="#gradient-sparsification" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Gradient Sparsification</h3>
+<p>It applies sparsification schemes to select a subset of gradients for
+all-reduce. There are two scheme:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>The top-K largest elements are selected. spars is the portion (0 - 1) of total
+elements selected.</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty, dist_option = <span class="hljs-string">'sparseTopK'</span>, spars = spars)
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>All gradients whose absolute value are larger than predefined threshold spars
+are selected.</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty, dist_option = <span class="hljs-string">'sparseThreshold'</span>, spars = spars)
+</code></pre>
+<p>The hyper-parameters are configured when creating the <code>DistOpt</code> instance.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="implementation"></a><a href="#implementation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Implementation</h2>
+<p>This section is mainly for developers who want to know how the code in
+distribute module is implemented.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="c-interface-for-nccl-communicator"></a><a href="#c-interface-for-nccl-communicator" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>C interface for NCCL communicator</h3>
+<p>Firstly, the communication layer is written in C language
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/src/io/communicator.cc">communicator.cc</a>.
+It applies the NCCL library for collective communication.</p>
+<p>There are two constructors for the communicator, one for MPI and another for
+multiprocess.</p>
+<p>(i) Constructor using MPI</p>
+<p>The constructor first obtains the global rank and the world size first, and
+calculate the local rank. Then, rank 0 generates a NCCL ID and broadcast it to
+every rank. After that, it calls the setup function to initialize the NCCL
+communicator, cuda streams, and buffers.</p>
+<p>(ii) Constructor using Python multiprocess</p>
+<p>The constructor first obtains the rank, the world size, and the NCCL ID from the
+input argument. After that, it calls the setup function to initialize the NCCL
+communicator, cuda streams, and buffers.</p>
+<p>After the initialization, it provides the all-reduce functionality to
+synchronize the model parameters or gradients. For instance, synch takes a input
+tensor and perform all-reduce through the NCCL routine. After we call synch, it
+is necessary to call wait function to wait for the all-reduce operation to be
+completed.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-interface-for-distopt"></a><a href="#python-interface-for-distopt" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python interface for DistOpt</h3>
+<p>Then, the python interface provide a
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/opt.py">DistOpt</a> class
+to wrap an
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/opt.py">optimizer</a>
+object to perform distributed training based on MPI or multiprocessing. During
+the initialization, it creates a NCCL communicator object (from the C interface
+as mentioned in the subsection above). Then, this communicator object is used
+for every all-reduce operations in DistOpt.</p>
+<p>In MPI or multiprocess, each process has an individual rank, which gives
+information of which GPU the individual process is using. The training data is
+partitioned, so that each process can evaluate the sub-gradient based on the
+partitioned training data. Once the sub-gradient is calculated on each
+processes, the overall stochastic gradient is obtained by all-reducing the
+sub-gradients evaluated by all processes.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/onnx"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>ONNX</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/time-profiling"><span>Time Profiling</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example-code">Example Code</a></li><li><a href="#execution-instruction">Execution Instruction</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#optimizations-for-distributed-training">Optimizations for Distributed Training</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#no-optimizations">No Optimizations</a></li><li><a href="#half-precision-gradients">Half-precision Gradients</a></li><li><a href="#partial-synchronization">Partial Synchronization</a></li><li><a href="#gradient-sparsification">Gradient Sparsification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#c-interface-for-nccl-communicator">C interface for NCCL communicator</a></li><li><a href="#python-interface-for-distopt">Python interface for DistOpt</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+ arrow.classList.toggle('rotate');
+ var content = this.nextElementSibling;
+ content.classList.toggle('hide');
+ });
+ }
+
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ createToggler('#navToggler', '#docsNav', 'docsSliderActive');
+ createToggler('#tocToggler', 'body', 'tocActive');
+
+ var headings = document.querySelector('.toc-headings');
+ headings && headings.addEventListener('click', function(event) {
+ var el = event.target;
+ while(el !== headings){
+ if (el.tagName === 'A') {
+ document.body.classList.remove('tocActive');
+ break;
+ } else{
+ el = el.parentNode;
+ }
+ }
+ }, false);
+
+ function createToggler(togglerSelector, targetSelector, className) {
+ var toggler = document.querySelector(togglerSelector);
+ var target = document.querySelector(targetSelector);
+
+ if (!toggler) {
+ return;
+ }
+
+ toggler.onclick = function(event) {
+ event.preventDefault();
+
+ target.classList.toggle(className);
+ };
+ }
+ });
+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/download.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Download SINGA</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="verify"></a><a href="#verify" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Verify</h2>
+<p>To verify the downloaded tar.gz file, download the
+<a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/KEYS">KEYS</a> and ASC files and then execute
+the following commands</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">%</span><span class="bash"> gpg --import KEYS</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">%</span><span class="bash"> gpg --verify downloaded_file.asc downloaded_file</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>You can also check the SHA512 or MD5 values to see if the download is completed.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="v330-07-june-2022"></a><a href="#v330-07-june-2022" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>V3.3.0 (07 June 2022):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/singa/3.3.0/apache-singa-3.3.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 3.3.0</a>
+<a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/3.3.0/apache-singa-3.3.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/3.3.0/apache-singa-3.3.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.3.0">Release Notes 3.3.0</a></li>
+<li>Major changes:
+<ul>
+<li>New examples
+<ul>
+<li>Add one CNN example for the BloodMnist dataset, a sub set of MedMNIST.</li>
+<li>Add one example for the medical image analysis.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Enhance distributed training
+<ul>
+<li>Add key information printing, e.g., throughput and communication time, for distributed training.</li>
+<li>Optimize printing and logging modules for faster distributed training.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Enhance example code
+<ul>
+<li>Add more datasets and model implementations for the cifar_distributed_cnn example.</li>
+<li>Update the running script for the cifar_distributed_cnn example to include more models.</li>
+<li>Update the dataset path for the largedataset_cnn example for more flexibility.</li>
+<li>Add more model implementations for the largedataset_cnn example.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Enhance the webpage
+<ul>
+<li>Reconstruct the singa webpage to include project features.</li>
+<li>Update the Git web site by deploying it via .asf.yaml.</li>
+<li>Update the Chinese and Vietnamese documentations.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Debug and add assertions for input tensor data types in the opt.py.</li>
+<li>Change pointer type to void for generalizing data types.</li>
+<li>Fix bugs
+<ul>
+<li>Fix the python test error due to operations not implemented for some data types.</li>
+<li>Fix the model of pad from bytes to str.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="v320-15-august-2021"></a><a href="#v320-15-august-2021" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>V3.2.0 (15 August 2021):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/singa/3.2.0/apache-singa-3.2.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 3.2.0</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/singa/3.2.0/apache-singa-3.2.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/singa/3.2.0/apache-singa-3.2.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0">Release Notes 3.2.0</a></li>
+<li>Major changes:
+<ul>
+<li>New examples
+<ul>
+<li>Add one cifar-10 distributed CNN example for benchmarking the performance
+of the distributed training.</li>
+<li>Add one large CNN example for training with a dataset from the filesysetm.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Enhance distributed training
+<ul>
+<li>Improve the data augmentation module for faster distributed training.</li>
+<li>Add device synchronization for more accurate time measurements during the distributed
+training.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Add Support for half-precision floating-point format (fp16) in deep learning models and
+computational kernels.</li>
+<li>Update new onnx APIs and fix onnx examples accordingly, namely, DenseNet121, ShuffleNetv1,
+ShuffleNetv2, SqueezeNet, VGG19.</li>
+<li>Add a new method to resize images by given width and height.</li>
+<li>Use docusaurus versioning to simplify the process of generating the project homepage.</li>
+<li>Promote code quality
+<ul>
+<li>Unify the formats of docstrings that describe the contents and usage of the module.</li>
+<li>Unify the parameters of command-line arguments.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Fix bugs
+<ul>
+<li>Fix the CI build error by downloading the tbb binaries.</li>
+<li>Add disabling graph option for accessing parameter or gradient tensors during distributed
+training.</li>
+<li>Solve the warnings of deprecated functions in the distributed optimizer module.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="v310-30-october-2020"></a><a href="#v310-30-october-2020" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>V3.1.0 (30 October 2020):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/singa/3.1.0/apache-singa-3.1.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 3.1.0</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/singa/3.1.0/apache-singa-3.1.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/singa/3.1.0/apache-singa-3.1.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0">Release Notes 3.1.0</a></li>
+<li>Major changes:
+<ul>
+<li>Update Tensor core:
+<ul>
+<li>Support tensor transformation (reshape, transpose) for tensors up to 6
+dimensions.</li>
+<li>Implement traverse_unary_transform in Cuda backend, which is similar to
+CPP backend one.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Add new tensor operators into the autograd module.</li>
+<li>Reconstruct sonnx to
+<ul>
+<li>Support creating operators from both layer and autograd.</li>
+<li>Re-write SingaRep to provide a more powerful intermediate representation
+of SINGA.</li>
+<li>Add a SONNXModel which implements from Model to provide uniform API and
+features.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Replace the Travis CI with Github workflow. Add quality and coverage
+management.</li>
+<li>Add compiling and packaging scripts to create wheel packages for
+distribution.</li>
+<li>Fix bugs
+<ul>
+<li>Fix IMDB LSTM model example training script.</li>
+<li>Fix Tensor operation Mult on Broadcasting use cases.</li>
+<li>Gaussian function on Tensor now can run on Tensor with odd size.</li>
+<li>Updated a testing helper function gradients() in autograd to lookup param
+gradient by param python object id for testing purpose.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="v300-18-april-2020"></a><a href="#v300-18-april-2020" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>V3.0.0 (18 April 2020):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/singa/3.0.0/apache-singa-3.0.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 3.0.0</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/singa/3.0.0/apache-singa-3.0.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/singa/3.0.0/apache-singa-3.0.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0">Release Notes 3.0.0</a></li>
+<li>New features and major changes,
+<ul>
+<li>Enhanced ONNX. Multiple ONNX models have been tested in SINGA.</li>
+<li>Distributed training with MPI and NCCL Communication optimization through
+gradient sparsification and compression, and chunk transmission.</li>
+<li>Computational graph construction and optimization for speed and memory using
+the graph.</li>
+<li>New documentation website (singa.apache.org) and API reference website
+(apache-singa.rtfd.io).</li>
+<li>CI for code quality check.</li>
+<li>Replace MKLDNN with DNNL</li>
+<li>Update tensor APIs to support broadcasting operations.</li>
+<li>New autograd operators to support ONNX models.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v200-20-april-2019"></a><a href="#incubating-v200-20-april-2019" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/2.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-2.0.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 2.0.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/2.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-2.0.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/2.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-2.0.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html">Release Notes 2.0.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>New features and major updates,
+<ul>
+<li>Enhance autograd (for Convolution networks and recurrent networks)</li>
+<li>Support ONNX</li>
+<li>Improve the CPP operations via Intel MKL DNN lib</li>
+<li>Implement tensor broadcasting</li>
+<li>Move Docker images under Apache user name</li>
+<li>Update dependent lib versions in conda-build config</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v120-6-june-2018"></a><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.2.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 1.2.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.2.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.2.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html">Release Notes 1.2.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>New features and major updates,
+<ul>
+<li>Implement autograd (currently support MLP model)</li>
+<li>Upgrade PySinga to support Python 3</li>
+<li>Improve the Tensor class with the stride field</li>
+<li>Upgrade cuDNN from V5 to V7</li>
+<li>Add VGG, Inception V4, ResNet, and DenseNet for ImageNet classification</li>
+<li>Create alias for conda packages</li>
+<li>Complete documentation in Chinese</li>
+<li>Add instructions for running Singa on Windows</li>
+<li>Update the compilation, CI</li>
+<li>Fix some bugs</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v110-12-february-2017"></a><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.1.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.1.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 1.1.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.1.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.1.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.1.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.1.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html">Release Notes 1.1.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>New features and major updates,
+<ul>
+<li>Create Docker images (CPU and GPU versions)</li>
+<li>Create Amazon AMI for SINGA (CPU version)</li>
+<li>Integrate with Jenkins for automatically generating Wheel and Debian
+packages (for installation), and updating the website.</li>
+<li>Enhance the FeedFowardNet, e.g., multiple inputs and verbose mode for
+debugging</li>
+<li>Add Concat and Slice layers</li>
+<li>Extend CrossEntropyLoss to accept instance with multiple labels</li>
+<li>Add image_tool.py with image augmentation methods</li>
+<li>Support model loading and saving via the Snapshot API</li>
+<li>Compile SINGA source on Windows</li>
+<li>Compile mandatory dependent libraries together with SINGA code</li>
+<li>Enable Java binding (basic) for SINGA</li>
+<li>Add version ID in checkpointing files</li>
+<li>Add Rafiki toolkit for providing RESTFul APIs</li>
+<li>Add examples pretrained from Caffe, including GoogleNet</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v100-8-september-2016"></a><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.0.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 1.0.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.0.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.0.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html">Release Notes 1.0.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>New features and major updates,
+<ul>
+<li>Tensor abstraction for supporting more machine learning models.</li>
+<li>Device abstraction for running on different hardware devices, including CPU,
+(Nvidia/AMD) GPU and FPGA (to be tested in later versions).</li>
+<li>Replace GNU autotool with cmake for compilation.</li>
+<li>Support Mac OS</li>
+<li>Improve Python binding, including installation and programming</li>
+<li>More deep learning models, including VGG and ResNet</li>
+<li>More IO classes for reading/writing files and encoding/decoding data</li>
+<li>New network communication components directly based on Socket.</li>
+<li>Cudnn V5 with Dropout and RNN layers.</li>
+<li>Replace website building tool from maven to Sphinx</li>
+<li>Integrate Travis-CI</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v030-20-april-2016"></a><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.3.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.3.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 0.3.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.3.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.3.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.3.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.3.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html">Release Notes 0.3.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>New features and major updates,
+<ul>
+<li>Training on GPU cluster enables training of deep learning models over a GPU
+cluster.</li>
+<li>Python wrapper improvement makes it easy to configure the job, including
+neural net and SGD algorithm.</li>
+<li>New SGD updaters are added, including Adam, AdaDelta and AdaMax.</li>
+<li>Installation has fewer dependent libraries for single node training.</li>
+<li>Heterogeneous training with CPU and GPU.</li>
+<li>Support cuDNN V4.</li>
+<li>Data prefetching.</li>
+<li>Fix some bugs.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v020-14-january-2016"></a><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.2.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 0.2.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.2.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.2.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html">Release Notes 0.2.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>New features and major updates,
+<ul>
+<li>Training on GPU enables training of complex models on a single node with
+multiple GPU cards.</li>
+<li>Hybrid neural net partitioning supports data and model parallelism at the
+same time.</li>
+<li>Python wrapper makes it easy to configure the job, including neural net and
+SGD algorithm.</li>
+<li>RNN model and BPTT algorithm are implemented to support applications based
+on RNN models, e.g., GRU.</li>
+<li>Cloud software integration includes Mesos, Docker and HDFS.</li>
+<li>Visualization of neural net structure and layer information, which is
+helpful for debugging.</li>
+<li>Linear algebra functions and random functions against Blobs and raw data
+pointers.</li>
+<li>New layers, including SoftmaxLayer, ArgSortLayer, DummyLayer, RNN layers and
+cuDNN layers.</li>
+<li>Update Layer class to carry multiple data/grad Blobs.</li>
+<li>Extract features and test performance for new data by loading previously
+trained model parameters.</li>
+<li>Add Store class for IO operations.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v010-8-october-2015"></a><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/apache-singa-incubating-0.1.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 0.1.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/apache-singa-incubating-0.1.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/apache-singa-incubating-0.1.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/v2/home?region=ap-southeast-1#LaunchInstanceWizard:ami=ami-b41001e6">Amazon EC2 image</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html">Release Notes 0.1.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>Major features include,
+<ul>
+<li>Installation using GNU build utility</li>
+<li>Scripts for job management with zookeeper</li>
+<li>Programming model based on NeuralNet and Layer abstractions.</li>
+<li>System architecture based on Worker, Server and Stub.</li>
+<li>Training models from three different model categories, namely, feed-forward
+models, energy models and RNN models.</li>
+<li>Synchronous and asynchronous distributed training frameworks using CPU</li>
+<li>Checkpoint and restore</li>
+<li>Unit test using gtest</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/22/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/half-precision"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Half Precision</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/build"><span>Build SINGA from Source</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#verify">Verify</a></li><li><a href="#v330-07-june-2022">V3.3.0 (07 June 2022):</a></li><li><a href="#v320-15-august-2021">V3.2.0 (15 August 2021):</a></li><li><a href="#v310-30-october-2020">V3.1.0 (30 October 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#v300-18-april-2020">V3.0.0 (18 April 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v200-20-april-2019">Incubating v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018">Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017">Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016">Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016">Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016">Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="verify"></a><a href="#verify" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Verify</h2>
+<p>To verify the downloaded tar.gz file, download the
+<a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/KEYS">KEYS</a> and ASC files and then execute
+the following commands</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">%</span><span class="bash"> gpg --import KEYS</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">%</span><span class="bash"> gpg --verify downloaded_file.asc downloaded_file</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>You can also check the SHA512 or MD5 values to see if the download is completed.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="v330-07-june-2022"></a><a href="#v330-07-june-2022" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>V3.3.0 (07 June 2022):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/singa/3.3.0/apache-singa-3.3.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 3.3.0</a>
+<a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/3.3.0/apache-singa-3.3.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/3.3.0/apache-singa-3.3.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.3.0">Release Notes 3.3.0</a></li>
+<li>Major changes:
+<ul>
+<li>New examples
+<ul>
+<li>Add one CNN example for the BloodMnist dataset, a sub set of MedMNIST.</li>
+<li>Add one example for the medical image analysis.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Enhance distributed training
+<ul>
+<li>Add key information printing, e.g., throughput and communication time, for distributed training.</li>
+<li>Optimize printing and logging modules for faster distributed training.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Enhance example code
+<ul>
+<li>Add more datasets and model implementations for the cifar_distributed_cnn example.</li>
+<li>Update the running script for the cifar_distributed_cnn example to include more models.</li>
+<li>Update the dataset path for the largedataset_cnn example for more flexibility.</li>
+<li>Add more model implementations for the largedataset_cnn example.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Enhance the webpage
+<ul>
+<li>Reconstruct the singa webpage to include project features.</li>
+<li>Update the Git web site by deploying it via .asf.yaml.</li>
+<li>Update the Chinese and Vietnamese documentations.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Debug and add assertions for input tensor data types in the opt.py.</li>
+<li>Change pointer type to void for generalizing data types.</li>
+<li>Fix bugs
+<ul>
+<li>Fix the python test error due to operations not implemented for some data types.</li>
+<li>Fix the model of pad from bytes to str.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="v320-15-august-2021"></a><a href="#v320-15-august-2021" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>V3.2.0 (15 August 2021):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/singa/3.2.0/apache-singa-3.2.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 3.2.0</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/singa/3.2.0/apache-singa-3.2.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/singa/3.2.0/apache-singa-3.2.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0">Release Notes 3.2.0</a></li>
+<li>Major changes:
+<ul>
+<li>New examples
+<ul>
+<li>Add one cifar-10 distributed CNN example for benchmarking the performance
+of the distributed training.</li>
+<li>Add one large CNN example for training with a dataset from the filesysetm.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Enhance distributed training
+<ul>
+<li>Improve the data augmentation module for faster distributed training.</li>
+<li>Add device synchronization for more accurate time measurements during the distributed
+training.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Add Support for half-precision floating-point format (fp16) in deep learning models and
+computational kernels.</li>
+<li>Update new onnx APIs and fix onnx examples accordingly, namely, DenseNet121, ShuffleNetv1,
+ShuffleNetv2, SqueezeNet, VGG19.</li>
+<li>Add a new method to resize images by given width and height.</li>
+<li>Use docusaurus versioning to simplify the process of generating the project homepage.</li>
+<li>Promote code quality
+<ul>
+<li>Unify the formats of docstrings that describe the contents and usage of the module.</li>
+<li>Unify the parameters of command-line arguments.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Fix bugs
+<ul>
+<li>Fix the CI build error by downloading the tbb binaries.</li>
+<li>Add disabling graph option for accessing parameter or gradient tensors during distributed
+training.</li>
+<li>Solve the warnings of deprecated functions in the distributed optimizer module.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="v310-30-october-2020"></a><a href="#v310-30-october-2020" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>V3.1.0 (30 October 2020):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/singa/3.1.0/apache-singa-3.1.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 3.1.0</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/singa/3.1.0/apache-singa-3.1.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/singa/3.1.0/apache-singa-3.1.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0">Release Notes 3.1.0</a></li>
+<li>Major changes:
+<ul>
+<li>Update Tensor core:
+<ul>
+<li>Support tensor transformation (reshape, transpose) for tensors up to 6
+dimensions.</li>
+<li>Implement traverse_unary_transform in Cuda backend, which is similar to
+CPP backend one.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Add new tensor operators into the autograd module.</li>
+<li>Reconstruct sonnx to
+<ul>
+<li>Support creating operators from both layer and autograd.</li>
+<li>Re-write SingaRep to provide a more powerful intermediate representation
+of SINGA.</li>
+<li>Add a SONNXModel which implements from Model to provide uniform API and
+features.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Replace the Travis CI with Github workflow. Add quality and coverage
+management.</li>
+<li>Add compiling and packaging scripts to create wheel packages for
+distribution.</li>
+<li>Fix bugs
+<ul>
+<li>Fix IMDB LSTM model example training script.</li>
+<li>Fix Tensor operation Mult on Broadcasting use cases.</li>
+<li>Gaussian function on Tensor now can run on Tensor with odd size.</li>
+<li>Updated a testing helper function gradients() in autograd to lookup param
+gradient by param python object id for testing purpose.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="v300-18-april-2020"></a><a href="#v300-18-april-2020" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>V3.0.0 (18 April 2020):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/singa/3.0.0/apache-singa-3.0.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 3.0.0</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/singa/3.0.0/apache-singa-3.0.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/singa/3.0.0/apache-singa-3.0.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0">Release Notes 3.0.0</a></li>
+<li>New features and major changes,
+<ul>
+<li>Enhanced ONNX. Multiple ONNX models have been tested in SINGA.</li>
+<li>Distributed training with MPI and NCCL Communication optimization through
+gradient sparsification and compression, and chunk transmission.</li>
+<li>Computational graph construction and optimization for speed and memory using
+the graph.</li>
+<li>New documentation website (singa.apache.org) and API reference website
+(apache-singa.rtfd.io).</li>
+<li>CI for code quality check.</li>
+<li>Replace MKLDNN with DNNL</li>
+<li>Update tensor APIs to support broadcasting operations.</li>
+<li>New autograd operators to support ONNX models.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v200-20-april-2019"></a><a href="#incubating-v200-20-april-2019" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/2.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-2.0.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 2.0.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/2.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-2.0.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/2.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-2.0.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html">Release Notes 2.0.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>New features and major updates,
+<ul>
+<li>Enhance autograd (for Convolution networks and recurrent networks)</li>
+<li>Support ONNX</li>
+<li>Improve the CPP operations via Intel MKL DNN lib</li>
+<li>Implement tensor broadcasting</li>
+<li>Move Docker images under Apache user name</li>
+<li>Update dependent lib versions in conda-build config</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v120-6-june-2018"></a><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.2.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 1.2.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.2.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.2.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html">Release Notes 1.2.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>New features and major updates,
+<ul>
+<li>Implement autograd (currently support MLP model)</li>
+<li>Upgrade PySinga to support Python 3</li>
+<li>Improve the Tensor class with the stride field</li>
+<li>Upgrade cuDNN from V5 to V7</li>
+<li>Add VGG, Inception V4, ResNet, and DenseNet for ImageNet classification</li>
+<li>Create alias for conda packages</li>
+<li>Complete documentation in Chinese</li>
+<li>Add instructions for running Singa on Windows</li>
+<li>Update the compilation, CI</li>
+<li>Fix some bugs</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v110-12-february-2017"></a><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.1.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.1.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 1.1.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.1.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.1.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.1.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.1.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html">Release Notes 1.1.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>New features and major updates,
+<ul>
+<li>Create Docker images (CPU and GPU versions)</li>
+<li>Create Amazon AMI for SINGA (CPU version)</li>
+<li>Integrate with Jenkins for automatically generating Wheel and Debian
+packages (for installation), and updating the website.</li>
+<li>Enhance the FeedFowardNet, e.g., multiple inputs and verbose mode for
+debugging</li>
+<li>Add Concat and Slice layers</li>
+<li>Extend CrossEntropyLoss to accept instance with multiple labels</li>
+<li>Add image_tool.py with image augmentation methods</li>
+<li>Support model loading and saving via the Snapshot API</li>
+<li>Compile SINGA source on Windows</li>
+<li>Compile mandatory dependent libraries together with SINGA code</li>
+<li>Enable Java binding (basic) for SINGA</li>
+<li>Add version ID in checkpointing files</li>
+<li>Add Rafiki toolkit for providing RESTFul APIs</li>
+<li>Add examples pretrained from Caffe, including GoogleNet</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v100-8-september-2016"></a><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.0.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 1.0.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.0.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.0.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html">Release Notes 1.0.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>New features and major updates,
+<ul>
+<li>Tensor abstraction for supporting more machine learning models.</li>
+<li>Device abstraction for running on different hardware devices, including CPU,
+(Nvidia/AMD) GPU and FPGA (to be tested in later versions).</li>
+<li>Replace GNU autotool with cmake for compilation.</li>
+<li>Support Mac OS</li>
+<li>Improve Python binding, including installation and programming</li>
+<li>More deep learning models, including VGG and ResNet</li>
+<li>More IO classes for reading/writing files and encoding/decoding data</li>
+<li>New network communication components directly based on Socket.</li>
+<li>Cudnn V5 with Dropout and RNN layers.</li>
+<li>Replace website building tool from maven to Sphinx</li>
+<li>Integrate Travis-CI</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v030-20-april-2016"></a><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.3.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.3.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 0.3.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.3.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.3.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.3.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.3.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html">Release Notes 0.3.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>New features and major updates,
+<ul>
+<li>Training on GPU cluster enables training of deep learning models over a GPU
+cluster.</li>
+<li>Python wrapper improvement makes it easy to configure the job, including
+neural net and SGD algorithm.</li>
+<li>New SGD updaters are added, including Adam, AdaDelta and AdaMax.</li>
+<li>Installation has fewer dependent libraries for single node training.</li>
+<li>Heterogeneous training with CPU and GPU.</li>
+<li>Support cuDNN V4.</li>
+<li>Data prefetching.</li>
+<li>Fix some bugs.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v020-14-january-2016"></a><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.2.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 0.2.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.2.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.2.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html">Release Notes 0.2.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>New features and major updates,
+<ul>
+<li>Training on GPU enables training of complex models on a single node with
+multiple GPU cards.</li>
+<li>Hybrid neural net partitioning supports data and model parallelism at the
+same time.</li>
+<li>Python wrapper makes it easy to configure the job, including neural net and
+SGD algorithm.</li>
+<li>RNN model and BPTT algorithm are implemented to support applications based
+on RNN models, e.g., GRU.</li>
+<li>Cloud software integration includes Mesos, Docker and HDFS.</li>
+<li>Visualization of neural net structure and layer information, which is
+helpful for debugging.</li>
+<li>Linear algebra functions and random functions against Blobs and raw data
+pointers.</li>
+<li>New layers, including SoftmaxLayer, ArgSortLayer, DummyLayer, RNN layers and
+cuDNN layers.</li>
+<li>Update Layer class to carry multiple data/grad Blobs.</li>
+<li>Extract features and test performance for new data by loading previously
+trained model parameters.</li>
+<li>Add Store class for IO operations.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v010-8-october-2015"></a><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/apache-singa-incubating-0.1.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 0.1.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/apache-singa-incubating-0.1.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/apache-singa-incubating-0.1.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/v2/home?region=ap-southeast-1#LaunchInstanceWizard:ami=ami-b41001e6">Amazon EC2 image</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html">Release Notes 0.1.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>Major features include,
+<ul>
+<li>Installation using GNU build utility</li>
+<li>Scripts for job management with zookeeper</li>
+<li>Programming model based on NeuralNet and Layer abstractions.</li>
+<li>System architecture based on Worker, Server and Stub.</li>
+<li>Training models from three different model categories, namely, feed-forward
+models, energy models and RNN models.</li>
+<li>Synchronous and asynchronous distributed training frameworks using CPU</li>
+<li>Checkpoint and restore</li>
+<li>Unit test using gtest</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/22/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/half-precision"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Half Precision</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/build"><span>Build SINGA from Source</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#verify">Verify</a></li><li><a href="#v330-07-june-2022">V3.3.0 (07 June 2022):</a></li><li><a href="#v320-15-august-2021">V3.2.0 (15 August 2021):</a></li><li><a href="#v310-30-october-2020">V3.1.0 (30 October 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#v300-18-april-2020">V3.0.0 (18 April 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v200-20-april-2019">Incubating v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018">Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017">Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016">Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016">Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016">Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>This page lists some example deep learning tasks using SINGA. The source code is
+maintained inside SINGA repo on
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/tree/master/examples">Github</a>. For examples
+running on CPU or single GPU using SINGA Python APIs, they are also available on
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/">Google Colab</a>. You can run them directly on
+Google Cloud without setting up the environment locally. The link to each
+example is given below.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="image-classification"></a><a href="#image-classification" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Image Classification</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Links</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Simple CNN</td><td>MNIST, CIFAR10, CIFAR100</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1fbGUs1AsoX6bU5F745RwQpohP4bHTktq">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>AlexNet</td><td>ImageNet</td><td><a href="">Cpp</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>VGG</td><td>ImageNet</td><td><a href="">Cpp</a>, <a href="">Python</a>, <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/14kxgRKtbjPCKKsDJVNi3AvTev81Gp_Ds">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>XceptionNet</td><td>MNIST, CIFAR10, CIFAR100</td><td><a href="">Python</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>ResNet</td><td>MNIST, CIFAR10, CIFAR100, CIFAR10</td><td><a href="">Python</a>, <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1u1RYefSsVbiP4I-5wiBKHjsT9L0FxLm9">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>MobileNet</td><td>ImageNet</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1HsixqJMIpKyEPhkbB8jy7NwNEFEAUWAf">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="object-detection"></a><a href="#object-detection" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Object Detection</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Links</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Tiny YOLOv2</td><td>Pascal VOC</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/11V4I6cRjIJNUv5ZGsEGwqHuoQEie6b1T">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="face-and-emotion-recognition"></a><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Face and Emotion Recognition</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Links</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>ArcFace</td><td>Refined MS-Celeb-1M</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1qanaqUKGIDtifdzEzJOHjEj4kYzA9uJC">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Emotion FerPlus</td><td><a href="https://www.kaggle.com/c/challenges-in-representation-learning-facial-expression-recognition-challenge/data">Facial Expression Recognition Challenge</a></td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1XHtBQGRhe58PDi4LGYJzYueWBeWbO23r">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="image-generation"></a><a href="#image-generation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Image Generation</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Links</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>GAN</td><td>MNIST</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1f86MNDW47DJqHoIqWD1tOxcyx2MWys8L">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>LSGAN</td><td>MNIST</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1C6jNRf28vnFOI9JVM4lpkJPqxsnhxdol">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="machine-comprehension"></a><a href="#machine-comprehension" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Machine Comprehension</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Links</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Bert-Squad</td><td><a href="https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/explore/1.1/dev/">SQuAD v1.1</a></td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1kud-lUPjS_u-TkDAzihBTw0Vqr0FjCE-">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="text-classification"></a><a href="#text-classification" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Text Classification</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Links</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Simple LSTM</td><td>IMDB</td><td><a href="">python</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="text-ranking"></a><a href="#text-ranking" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Text Ranking</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Links</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>BiLSTM</td><td>InsuranceQA</td><td><a href="">python</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="misc"></a><a href="#misc" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Misc.</h2>
+<ul>
+<li>Restricted Boltzmann Machine over the MNIST dataset, <a href="">source</a>,
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19996noGu9JyHHkVmp4edBGu7PJSRQKsd">Colab</a>.</li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#text-classification">Text Classification</a></li><li><a href="#text-ranking">Text Ranking</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>This page lists some example deep learning tasks using SINGA. The source code is
+maintained inside SINGA repo on
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/tree/master/examples">Github</a>. For examples
+running on CPU or single GPU using SINGA Python APIs, they are also available on
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/">Google Colab</a>. You can run them directly on
+Google Cloud without setting up the environment locally. The link to each
+example is given below.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="image-classification"></a><a href="#image-classification" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Image Classification</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Links</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Simple CNN</td><td>MNIST, CIFAR10, CIFAR100</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1fbGUs1AsoX6bU5F745RwQpohP4bHTktq">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>AlexNet</td><td>ImageNet</td><td><a href="">Cpp</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>VGG</td><td>ImageNet</td><td><a href="">Cpp</a>, <a href="">Python</a>, <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/14kxgRKtbjPCKKsDJVNi3AvTev81Gp_Ds">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>XceptionNet</td><td>MNIST, CIFAR10, CIFAR100</td><td><a href="">Python</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>ResNet</td><td>MNIST, CIFAR10, CIFAR100, CIFAR10</td><td><a href="">Python</a>, <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1u1RYefSsVbiP4I-5wiBKHjsT9L0FxLm9">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>MobileNet</td><td>ImageNet</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1HsixqJMIpKyEPhkbB8jy7NwNEFEAUWAf">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="object-detection"></a><a href="#object-detection" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Object Detection</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Links</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Tiny YOLOv2</td><td>Pascal VOC</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/11V4I6cRjIJNUv5ZGsEGwqHuoQEie6b1T">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="face-and-emotion-recognition"></a><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Face and Emotion Recognition</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Links</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>ArcFace</td><td>Refined MS-Celeb-1M</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1qanaqUKGIDtifdzEzJOHjEj4kYzA9uJC">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Emotion FerPlus</td><td><a href="https://www.kaggle.com/c/challenges-in-representation-learning-facial-expression-recognition-challenge/data">Facial Expression Recognition Challenge</a></td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1XHtBQGRhe58PDi4LGYJzYueWBeWbO23r">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="image-generation"></a><a href="#image-generation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Image Generation</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Links</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>GAN</td><td>MNIST</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1f86MNDW47DJqHoIqWD1tOxcyx2MWys8L">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>LSGAN</td><td>MNIST</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1C6jNRf28vnFOI9JVM4lpkJPqxsnhxdol">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="machine-comprehension"></a><a href="#machine-comprehension" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Machine Comprehension</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Links</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Bert-Squad</td><td><a href="https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/explore/1.1/dev/">SQuAD v1.1</a></td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1kud-lUPjS_u-TkDAzihBTw0Vqr0FjCE-">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="text-classification"></a><a href="#text-classification" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Text Classification</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Links</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Simple LSTM</td><td>IMDB</td><td><a href="">python</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="text-ranking"></a><a href="#text-ranking" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Text Ranking</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Links</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>BiLSTM</td><td>InsuranceQA</td><td><a href="">python</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="misc"></a><a href="#misc" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Misc.</h2>
+<ul>
+<li>Restricted Boltzmann Machine over the MNIST dataset, <a href="">source</a>,
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19996noGu9JyHHkVmp4edBGu7PJSRQKsd">Colab</a>.</li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#text-classification">Text Classification</a></li><li><a href="#text-ranking">Text Ranking</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/git-workflow.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Git Workflow</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="for-developers"></a><a href="#for-developers" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>For Developers</h2>
+<ol>
+<li><p>Fork the <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">SINGA Github repository</a> to your
+own Github account.</p></li>
+<li><p>Clone the <strong>repo</strong> (short for repository) from your Github</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git clone https://github.com/<Github account>/singa.git
+git remote add upstream https://github.com/apache/singa.git
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Create a new branch (e.g., <code>feature-foo</code> or <code>fixbug-foo</code>), work on it and
+commit your code.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git checkout dev
+git checkout -b feature-foo
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> write your code</span>
+git add <created/updated files>
+git commit
+</code></pre>
+<p>The commit message should include:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>A descriptive Title.</li>
+<li>A detailed description. If the commit is to fix a bug, the description
+should ideally include a short reproduction of the problem. For new
+features, it may include the motivation/purpose of this new feature.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>If your branch has many small commits, you need to clean those commits via</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git rebase -i <commit id>
+</code></pre>
+<p>You can
+<a href="https://help.github.com/en/articles/about-git-rebase">squash and reword</a> the
+commits.</p></li>
+<li><p>When you are working on the code, the <code>dev</code> of SINGA may have been updated by
+others; In this case, you need to pull the latest dev</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git checkout dev
+git pull upstream dev:dev
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p><a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">Rebase</a> <code>feature-foo</code>
+onto the <code>dev</code> branch and push commits to your own Github account (the new
+branch). The rebase operation is to make the commit history clean. The
+following git instructors should be executed after committing the current
+work:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git checkout feature-foo
+git rebase dev
+git push origin feature-foo:feature-foo
+</code></pre>
+<p>The rebase command does the
+<a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">following steps</a>:
+"This operation works by going to the common ancestor of the two branches
+(the one you’re on and the one you’re rebasing onto), getting the diff
+introduced by each commit of the branch you’re on, saving those diffs to
+temporary files, resetting the current branch to the same commit as the
+branch you are rebasing onto, and finally applying each change in turn."
+Therefore, after executing it, you will be still on the feature branch, but
+your own commit IDs/hashes are changed since the diffs are committed during
+rebase; and your branch now has the latest code from the dev branch and your
+own branch.</p></li>
+<li><p>Open a pull request (PR) against the dev branch of apache/singa on Github
+website. If you want to inform other contributors who worked on the same
+files, you can find the file(s) on Github and click "Blame" to see a
+line-by-line annotation of who changed the code last. Then, you can add
+@username in the PR description to ping them immediately. Please state that
+the contribution is your original work and that you license the work to the
+project under the project's open source license. Further commits (e.g., bug
+fix) to your new branch will be added to this pull request automatically by
+Github.</p></li>
+<li><p>Wait for committers to review the PR. During this time, the dev of SINGA may
+have been updated by others, and then you need to
+<a href="https://docs.fast.ai/dev/git.html#how-to-keep-your-feature-branch-up-to-date">merge the latest dev</a>
+to resolve conflicts. Some people
+<a href="https://github.com/edx/edx-platform/wiki/How-to-Rebase-a-Pull-Request">rebase the PR onto the latest dev</a>
+instead of merging. However, if other developers fetch this PR to add new
+features and then send PR, the rebase operation would introduce <strong>duplicate
+commits</strong> (with different hash) in the future PR. See
+<a href="https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/merging-vs-rebasing">The Golden Rule of Rebasing</a>
+for the details of when to avoid using rebase. Another simple solution to
+update the PR (to fix conflicts or commit errors) is to checkout a new branch
+from the latest dev branch of Apache SINGAS repo; copy and paste the
+updated/added code; commit and send a new PR.</p></li>
+</ol>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="for-committers"></a><a href="#for-committers" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>For Committers</h2>
+<p>Committers can merge the pull requests (PRs) into the dev branch of the upstream
+repo. Before merging each PR, the committer should</p>
+<ul>
+<li>check the commit message (content and format)</li>
+<li>check the changes to existing code. API changes should be recorded</li>
+<li>check the Travis testing results for code/doc format and unit tests</li>
+</ul>
+<p>There are two approaches to merge a pull request:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>On Github. Follow the <a href="https://gitbox.apache.org/setup/">instructions</a> to
+connect your Apache account with your Github account. After that you can
+directly merge PRs on GitHub.</p></li>
+<li><p>To merge pull request <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/pull/xxx">https://github.com/apache/singa/pull/xxx</a> via command
+line, the following instructions should be executed,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
+git remote add asf https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/singa.git
+git fetch origin pull/xxx/head:prxxx
+git checkout dev
+git merge --no-ff prxxx
+git push asf dev:dev
+</code></pre>
+<p>Do not use rebase to merge the PR; and disable fast forward.</p></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Git Workflow · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Git Workflow · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Development</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Getting Started</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/installation">Installation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/software-stack">Software Stack</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/examples">Examples</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Guides</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/device">Device</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/tensor">Tensor</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/autograd">Autograd</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/optimizer">Optimizer</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/graph">Model</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/onnx">ONNX</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/dist-train">Distributed Training</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/time-profiling">Time Profiling</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/half-precision">Half Precision</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Development</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/downloads">Download SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/build">Build SINGA from Source</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/contribute-code">How to Contribute Code</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/contribute-docs">How to Contribute to Documentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/how-to-release">How to Prepare a Release</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/git-workflow">Git Workflow</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="for-developers"></a><a href="#for-developers" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>For Developers</h2>
+<ol>
+<li><p>Fork the <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">SINGA Github repository</a> to your
+own Github account.</p></li>
+<li><p>Clone the <strong>repo</strong> (short for repository) from your Github</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git clone https://github.com/<Github account>/singa.git
+git remote add upstream https://github.com/apache/singa.git
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Create a new branch (e.g., <code>feature-foo</code> or <code>fixbug-foo</code>), work on it and
+commit your code.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git checkout dev
+git checkout -b feature-foo
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> write your code</span>
+git add <created/updated files>
+git commit
+</code></pre>
+<p>The commit message should include:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>A descriptive Title.</li>
+<li>A detailed description. If the commit is to fix a bug, the description
+should ideally include a short reproduction of the problem. For new
+features, it may include the motivation/purpose of this new feature.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>If your branch has many small commits, you need to clean those commits via</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git rebase -i <commit id>
+</code></pre>
+<p>You can
+<a href="https://help.github.com/en/articles/about-git-rebase">squash and reword</a> the
+commits.</p></li>
+<li><p>When you are working on the code, the <code>dev</code> of SINGA may have been updated by
+others; In this case, you need to pull the latest dev</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git checkout dev
+git pull upstream dev:dev
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p><a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">Rebase</a> <code>feature-foo</code>
+onto the <code>dev</code> branch and push commits to your own Github account (the new
+branch). The rebase operation is to make the commit history clean. The
+following git instructors should be executed after committing the current
+work:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git checkout feature-foo
+git rebase dev
+git push origin feature-foo:feature-foo
+</code></pre>
+<p>The rebase command does the
+<a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">following steps</a>:
+"This operation works by going to the common ancestor of the two branches
+(the one you’re on and the one you’re rebasing onto), getting the diff
+introduced by each commit of the branch you’re on, saving those diffs to
+temporary files, resetting the current branch to the same commit as the
+branch you are rebasing onto, and finally applying each change in turn."
+Therefore, after executing it, you will be still on the feature branch, but
+your own commit IDs/hashes are changed since the diffs are committed during
+rebase; and your branch now has the latest code from the dev branch and your
+own branch.</p></li>
+<li><p>Open a pull request (PR) against the dev branch of apache/singa on Github
+website. If you want to inform other contributors who worked on the same
+files, you can find the file(s) on Github and click "Blame" to see a
+line-by-line annotation of who changed the code last. Then, you can add
+@username in the PR description to ping them immediately. Please state that
+the contribution is your original work and that you license the work to the
+project under the project's open source license. Further commits (e.g., bug
+fix) to your new branch will be added to this pull request automatically by
+Github.</p></li>
+<li><p>Wait for committers to review the PR. During this time, the dev of SINGA may
+have been updated by others, and then you need to
+<a href="https://docs.fast.ai/dev/git.html#how-to-keep-your-feature-branch-up-to-date">merge the latest dev</a>
+to resolve conflicts. Some people
+<a href="https://github.com/edx/edx-platform/wiki/How-to-Rebase-a-Pull-Request">rebase the PR onto the latest dev</a>
+instead of merging. However, if other developers fetch this PR to add new
+features and then send PR, the rebase operation would introduce <strong>duplicate
+commits</strong> (with different hash) in the future PR. See
+<a href="https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/merging-vs-rebasing">The Golden Rule of Rebasing</a>
+for the details of when to avoid using rebase. Another simple solution to
+update the PR (to fix conflicts or commit errors) is to checkout a new branch
+from the latest dev branch of Apache SINGAS repo; copy and paste the
+updated/added code; commit and send a new PR.</p></li>
+</ol>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="for-committers"></a><a href="#for-committers" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>For Committers</h2>
+<p>Committers can merge the pull requests (PRs) into the dev branch of the upstream
+repo. Before merging each PR, the committer should</p>
+<ul>
+<li>check the commit message (content and format)</li>
+<li>check the changes to existing code. API changes should be recorded</li>
+<li>check the Travis testing results for code/doc format and unit tests</li>
+</ul>
+<p>There are two approaches to merge a pull request:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>On Github. Follow the <a href="https://gitbox.apache.org/setup/">instructions</a> to
+connect your Apache account with your Github account. After that you can
+directly merge PRs on GitHub.</p></li>
+<li><p>To merge pull request <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/pull/xxx">https://github.com/apache/singa/pull/xxx</a> via command
+line, the following instructions should be executed,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
+git remote add asf https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/singa.git
+git fetch origin pull/xxx/head:prxxx
+git checkout dev
+git merge --no-ff prxxx
+git push asf dev:dev
+</code></pre>
+<p>Do not use rebase to merge the PR; and disable fast forward.</p></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Guides</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Getting Started</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/installation">Installation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/software-stack">Software Stack</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/examples">Examples</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Guides</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/device">Device</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/tensor">Tensor</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/autograd">Autograd</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/optimizer">Optimizer</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/graph">Model</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/onnx">ONNX</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/dist-train">Distributed Training</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/time-profiling">Time Profiling</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/half-precision">Half Precision</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Development</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/downloads">Download SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/build">Build SINGA from Source</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/contribute-code">How to Contribute Code</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/contribute-docs">How to Contribute to Documentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/how-to-release">How to Prepare a Release</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/git-workflow">Git Workflow</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+<p>The forward and backward propagation in a neural network can be represented
+using a set of operations such as convolution and pooling. Each operation takes
+some input <a href="./tensor">tensors</a> and applies an <a href="./autograd">operator</a> to generate
+output tensors. By representing each operator as a node and each tensor as an
+edge, all operations form a computational graph. With the computational graph,
+speed and memory optimization can be conducted by scheduling the execution of
+the operations and memory allocation/release intelligently. In SINGA, users only
+need to define the neural network model using the
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/model.py">Model</a> API.
+The graph is constructed and optimized at the C++ backend automatically.</p>
+<p>In this way, on the one hand, users implement a network using the
+<a href="./graph">Model</a> API following the imperative programming style like PyTorch.
+Different from PyTorch which recreates the operations in every iteration, SINGA
+buffers the operations to create a computational graph implicitly (when this
+feature is enabled) after the first iteration. Therefore, on the other hand,
+SINGA has a similar computational graph as the one created by libraries using
+declarative programming, e.g., TensorFlow. Consequently, it can enjoy the
+optimizations done over the graph.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="example"></a><a href="#example" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Example</h2>
+<p>The following code illustrates the usage of the <code>Model</code> API.</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Implement the new model as a subclass of the Model class.</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-Python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">CNN</span><span class="hljs-params">(model.Model)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, num_channels=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)</span>:</span>
+ super(CNN, self).__init__()
+ self.conv1 = layer.Conv2d(num_channels, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, activation=<span class="hljs-string">"RELU"</span>)
+ self.conv2 = layer.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">50</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, activation=<span class="hljs-string">"RELU"</span>)
+ self.linear1 = layer.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">500</span>)
+ self.linear2 = layer.Linear(num_classes)
+ self.pooling1 = layer.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.pooling2 = layer.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.relu = layer.ReLU()
+ self.flatten = layer.Flatten()
+ self.softmax_cross_entropy = layer.SoftMaxCrossEntropy()
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x)</span>:</span>
+ y = self.conv1(x)
+ y = self.pooling1(y)
+ y = self.conv2(y)
+ y = self.pooling2(y)
+ y = self.flatten(y)
+ y = self.linear1(y)
+ y = self.relu(y)
+ y = self.linear2(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, y)</span>:</span>
+ out = self.forward(x)
+ loss = self.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+ self.optimizer(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>Create an instance of model, optimizer, device, etc. Compile the model</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">model = CNN()
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># initialize optimizer and attach it to the model</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># initialize device</span>
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># input and target placeholders for the model</span>
+tx = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, IMG_SIZE, IMG_SIZE), dev, tensor.float32)
+ty = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, num_classes), dev, tensor.int32)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># compile the model before training</span>
+model.compile([tx], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, use_graph=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>Train the model iteratively</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_train_batch):
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># generate the next mini-batch</span>
+ x, y = ...
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Copy the data into input tensors</span>
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(x)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(y)
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Training with one batch</span>
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<p>A Google Colab notebook of this example is available
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1fbGUs1AsoX6bU5F745RwQpohP4bHTktq">here</a>.</p>
+<p>More examples:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/mlp/model.py">MLP</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/cnn.py">CNN</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">ResNet</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="implementation"></a><a href="#implementation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Implementation</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="graph-construction"></a><a href="#graph-construction" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Graph Construction</h3>
+<p>SINGA constructs the computational graph in three steps:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>buffer the operations</li>
+<li>analyze the dependencies operations</li>
+<li>create the nodes and edges based on the dependencies</li>
+</ol>
+<p>Take the matrix multiplication operation from the dense layer of a
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/mlp/model.py">MLP model</a>
+as an example. The operation is called in the <code>forward</code> function of the MLP
+class</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MLP</span><span class="hljs-params">(model.Model)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, data_size=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, perceptron_size=<span class="hljs-number">100</span>, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>)</span>:</span>
+ super(MLP, self).__init__()
+ self.linear1 = layer.Linear(perceptron_size)
+ ...
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, inputs)</span>:</span>
+ y = self.linear1(inputs)
+ ...
+</code></pre>
+<p>The <code>Linear</code> layer is composed of the <code>mutmul</code> operator. <code>autograd</code> implements
+the <code>matmul</code> operator by calling the function <code>Mult</code> exposed from CPP via SWIG.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># implementation of matmul()</span>
+singa.Mult(inputs, w)
+</code></pre>
+<p>At the backend, the <code>Mult</code> function is implemented by calling <code>GEMV</code> a CBLAS
+function. Instead of calling <code>GEMV</code> directly, <code>Mult</code> submits <code>GEMV</code> and the
+arguments to the device as follows,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-c++"><span class="hljs-comment">// implementation of Mult()</span>
+C->device()->Exec(
+ [a, A, b, B, CRef](Context *ctx) <span class="hljs-keyword">mutable</span> {
+ GEMV<DType, Lang>(a, A, B, b, &CRef, ctx);
+ },
+ read_blocks, {C->block()});
+</code></pre>
+<p>The <code>Exec</code> function of <code>Device</code> buffers the function and its arguments. In
+addition, it also has the information about the blocks (a block is a chunk of
+memory for a tensor) to be read and written by this function.</p>
+<p>Once <code>Model.forward()</code> has been executed once, all operations are buffered by
+<code>Device</code>. Next, the read/write information of all operations are analyzed to
+create the computational graph. For example, if a block <code>b</code> is written by one
+operation O1 and is later read by another operation O2, we would know O2 depends
+on O1 and there is a directed edge from A to B, which represents block <code>b</code> (or
+its tensor). After that a directed acyclic graph is constructed as shown below.
+The graph is constructed once.</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/GraphOfMLP.png" alt="The computational graph of MLP"></p>
+<p><br/><strong>Figure 1 - The computational graph of the MLP example.</strong></p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="optimization"></a><a href="#optimization" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Optimization</h3>
+<p>Currently, the following optimizations are done based on the computational
+graph.</p>
+<p><strong>Lazy allocation</strong> When tensor/blocks are created, devices do not allocate
+memory for them immediately. Instead, when the block is accessed for the first
+time, the memory is allocated.</p>
+<p><strong>Automatic recycling</strong> The reference count of each tensor/block is calculated
+based on the graph. Before executing the operations, the reference count is the
+number of operations that read this block. During the execution, once an
+operation is executed, the reference count of the every input block is decreased
+by 1. If one block's reference count reaches 0, it means that this block will
+not be read again in the remaining operations. Therefore, its memory can be
+released safely. In addition, SINGA tracks the usage of the block outside of the
+graph. If a block is used by Python code (not by autograd operators), it will
+not be recycled.</p>
+<p><strong>Memory sharing</strong> SINGA uses memory pool, e.g.,
+<a href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/cnmem">CnMem</a> to manage CUDA memory. With <em>Automatic
+recycling</em> and memory pool, SINGA can share the memory among tensors. Consider
+two operations <code>c = a + b</code> and <code>d=2xc</code>. Before executing the second operation,
+according to <em>Lazy allocation</em>, the memory of d should be allocated. Suppose <code>a</code>
+is not used in the rest operations. According to Automatic recycling, the block
+of <code>a</code> will be released after the first operation. Therefore, SINGA would submit
+four operations to the CUDA stream: addition, free <code>a</code>, malloc <code>b</code>, and
+multiplication. The memory pool is then able to share the memory released by <code>a</code>
+with <code>b</code> instead of ask the GPU to do real malloc for <code>b</code>.</p>
+<p>Other optimization techniques e.g., from compliers, such as common
+sub-expression elimination and parallelizing operations on different CUDA
+streams can also be applied.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="new-operator"></a><a href="#new-operator" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>New Operator</h2>
+<p>Each operator defined in <code>autograd</code> module implements two functions: forward and
+backward, which are implemented by calling the operators from the backend. To
+add a new operator in <code>autograd</code>, you need to add the multiple operators at the
+backend.</p>
+<p>Take the
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/autograd.py">Conv2d</a>
+operator as an example, at the Python side, the forward and backward function
+are implemented by calling the operators from the backend depending on the
+device type.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">_Conv2d</span><span class="hljs-params">(Operation)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, W, b=None)</span>:</span>
+ ......
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> training:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> self.handle.bias_term:
+ self.inputs = (x, W, b) <span class="hljs-comment"># record x, W, b</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
+ self.inputs = (x, W)
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (type(self.handle) != singa.ConvHandle):
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> singa.GpuConvForward(x, W, b, self.handle)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> singa.CpuConvForward(x, W, b, self.handle)
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">backward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, dy)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (type(self.handle) != singa.ConvHandle):
+ dx = singa.GpuConvBackwardx(dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>], self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
+ self.handle)
+ dW = singa.GpuConvBackwardW(dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>], self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>],
+ self.handle)
+ db = singa.GpuConvBackwardb(
+ dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>],
+ self.handle) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> self.handle.bias_term <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
+ dx = singa.CpuConvBackwardx(dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>], self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
+ self.handle)
+ dW = singa.CpuConvBackwardW(dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>], self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>],
+ self.handle)
+ db = singa.CpuConvBackwardb(
+ dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>],
+ self.handle) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> self.handle.bias_term <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> db:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dx, dW, db
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dx, dW
+</code></pre>
+<p>For each operator at the backend, it should be implemented in the following way:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Suppose the operator is <code>foo()</code>; its real implementation should be wrapped in
+another function e.g., <code>_foo()</code>. <code>foo()</code> passes <code>_foo</code> together with the
+arguments as a lambda function to <code>Device</code>'s <code>Exec</code> function for buffering.
+The blocks to be read and written are also passed to <code>Exec</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>All arguments used in the lambda expression need to be captured according to
+the following rules.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p><code>capture by value</code>: If the argument variable is a local variable or will be
+immediately released (e.g. intermediate tensors). Otherwise, these variables
+will be destroyed once <code>foo()</code> exists.</p></li>
+<li><p><code>capture by reference</code>:If the variable is recorded on the python side or a
+persistent variable (e.g. parameter W and ConvHand in the Conv2d class).</p></li>
+<li><p><code>mutable</code>: The lambda expression should have the mutable tag if a variable
+captured by value is modified in <code>_foo()</code></p></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Here is one
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/src/model/operation/convolution.cc">example</a>
+operator implemented at the backend.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-c++"><span class="hljs-function">Tensor <span class="hljs-title">GpuConvBackwardx</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor &dy, <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor &W, <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor &x,
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> CudnnConvHandle &cch)</span> </span>{
+ CHECK_EQ(dy.device()->lang(), kCuda);
+
+ Tensor dx;
+ dx.ResetLike(x);
+
+ dy.device()->Exec(
+ <span class="hljs-comment">/*
+ * dx is a local variable so it's captured by value
+ * dy is an intermediate tensor and isn't recorded on the python side
+ * W is an intermediate tensor but it's recorded on the python side
+ * chh is a variable and it's recorded on the python side
+ */</span>
+ [dx, dy, &W, &cch](Context *ctx) <span class="hljs-keyword">mutable</span> {
+ Block *wblock = W.block(), *dyblock = dy.block(), *dxblock = dx.block();
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> alpha = <span class="hljs-number">1.f</span>, beta = <span class="hljs-number">0.f</span>;
+ cudnnConvolutionBackwardData(
+ ctx->cudnn_handle, &alpha, cch.filter_desc, wblock->data(),
+ cch.y_desc, dyblock->data(), cch.conv_desc, cch.bp_data_alg,
+ cch.workspace.block()->mutable_data(),
+ cch.workspace_count * <span class="hljs-keyword">sizeof</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">float</span>), &beta, cch.x_desc,
+ dxblock->mutable_data());
+ },
+ {dy.block(), W.block()}, {dx.block(), cch.workspace.block()});
+ <span class="hljs-comment">/* the lambda expression reads the blocks of tensor dy and w
+ * and writes the blocks of tensor dx and chh.workspace
+ */</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dx;
+}
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="benchmark"></a><a href="#benchmark" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Benchmark</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="single-node"></a><a href="#single-node" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Single node</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>Experiment settings
+<ul>
+<li>Model
+<ul>
+<li>Using layer: ResNet50 in
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/autograd/resnet_cifar10.py">resnet.py</a></li>
+<li>Using model: ResNet50 in
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">resnet.py</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>GPU: NVIDIA RTX 2080Ti</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Notations
+<ul>
+<li><code>s</code> :second</li>
+<li><code>it</code> : iteration</li>
+<li><code>Mem</code>:peak memory usage of single GPU</li>
+<li><code>Throughout</code>:number of images processed per second</li>
+<li><code>Time</code>:total time</li>
+<li><code>Speed</code>:iterations per second</li>
+<li><code>Reduction</code>:the memory usage reduction rate compared with that using layer</li>
+<li><code>Speedup</code>: speedup ratio compared with dev branch</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Result
+ <table style="text-align: center">
+ <tr>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Batchsize</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Cases</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Mem(MB)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Time(s)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Speed(it/s)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Throughput</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Reduction</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Speedup</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td rowspan="4">16</td>
+ <td nowrap>layer</td>
+ <td>4975</td>
+ <td>14.1952</td>
+ <td>14.0893</td>
+ <td>225.4285</td>
+ <td>0.00%</td>
+ <td>1.0000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:disable graph</td>
+ <td>4995</td>
+ <td>14.1264</td>
+ <td>14.1579</td>
+ <td>226.5261</td>
+ <td>-0.40%</td>
+ <td>1.0049</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, bfs</td>
+ <td>3283</td>
+ <td>13.7438</td>
+ <td>14.5520</td>
+ <td>232.8318</td>
+ <td>34.01%</td>
+ <td>1.0328</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, serial</td>
+ <td>3265</td>
+ <td>13.7420</td>
+ <td>14.5540</td>
+ <td>232.8635</td>
+ <td>34.37%</td>
+ <td>1.0330</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td rowspan="4">32</td>
+ <td nowrap>layer</td>
+ <td>10119</td>
+ <td>13.4587</td>
+ <td>7.4302</td>
+ <td>237.7649</td>
+ <td>0.00%</td>
+ <td>1.0000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:disable graph</td>
+ <td>10109</td>
+ <td>13.2952</td>
+ <td>7.5315</td>
+ <td>240.6875</td>
+ <td>0.10%</td>
+ <td>1.0123</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, bfs</td>
+ <td>6839</td>
+ <td>13.1059</td>
+ <td>7.6302</td>
+ <td>244.1648</td>
+ <td>32.41%</td>
+ <td>1.0269</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, serial</td>
+ <td>6845</td>
+ <td>13.0489</td>
+ <td>7.6635</td>
+ <td>245.2312</td>
+ <td>32.35%</td>
+ <td>1.0314</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="multi-processes"></a><a href="#multi-processes" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Multi processes</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>Experiment settings
+<ul>
+<li>API
+<ul>
+<li>using Layer: ResNet50 in
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/autograd/resnet_dist.py">resnet_dist.py</a></li>
+<li>using Model: ResNet50 in
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">resnet.py</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>GPU: NVIDIA RTX 2080Ti * 2</li>
+<li>MPI: two MPI processes on one node</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Notations: the same as above</li>
+<li>Result
+ <table style="text-align: center">
+ <tr>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Batchsize</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Cases</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Mem(MB)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Time(s)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Speed(it/s)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Throughput</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Reduction</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Speedup</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td rowspan="4">16</td>
+ <td nowrap>layer</td>
+ <td>5439</td>
+ <td>17.3323</td>
+ <td>11.5391</td>
+ <td>369.2522</td>
+ <td>0.00%</td>
+ <td>1.0000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:disable graph</td>
+ <td>5427</td>
+ <td>17.8232</td>
+ <td>11.2213</td>
+ <td>359.0831</td>
+ <td>0.22%</td>
+ <td>0.9725</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, bfs</td>
+ <td>3389</td>
+ <td>18.2310</td>
+ <td>10.9703</td>
+ <td>351.0504</td>
+ <td>37.69%</td>
+ <td>0.9507</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, serial</td>
+ <td>3437</td>
+ <td>17.0389</td>
+ <td>11.7378</td>
+ <td>375.6103</td>
+ <td>36.81%</td>
+ <td>1.0172</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td rowspan="4">32</td>
+ <td nowrap>layer</td>
+ <td>10547</td>
+ <td>14.8635</td>
+ <td>6.7279</td>
+ <td>430.5858</td>
+ <td>0.00%</td>
+ <td>1.0000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:disable graph</td>
+ <td>10503</td>
+ <td>14.7746</td>
+ <td>6.7684</td>
+ <td>433.1748</td>
+ <td>0.42%</td>
+ <td>1.0060</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, bfs</td>
+ <td>6935</td>
+ <td>14.8553</td>
+ <td>6.7316</td>
+ <td>430.8231</td>
+ <td>34.25%</td>
+ <td>1.0006</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, serial</td>
+ <td>7027</td>
+ <td>14.3271</td>
+ <td>6.9798</td>
+ <td>446.7074</td>
+ <td>33.37%</td>
+ <td>1.0374</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="conclusion"></a><a href="#conclusion" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Conclusion</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>Training with the computational graph enabled can significantly reduce the
+memory footprint.</li>
+<li>Currently, there is a little improvement in terms of speed. More optimizations
+can be done towards the efficiency.</li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>The forward and backward propagation in a neural network can be represented
+using a set of operations such as convolution and pooling. Each operation takes
+some input <a href="./tensor">tensors</a> and applies an <a href="./autograd">operator</a> to generate
+output tensors. By representing each operator as a node and each tensor as an
+edge, all operations form a computational graph. With the computational graph,
+speed and memory optimization can be conducted by scheduling the execution of
+the operations and memory allocation/release intelligently. In SINGA, users only
+need to define the neural network model using the
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/model.py">Model</a> API.
+The graph is constructed and optimized at the C++ backend automatically.</p>
+<p>In this way, on the one hand, users implement a network using the
+<a href="./graph">Model</a> API following the imperative programming style like PyTorch.
+Different from PyTorch which recreates the operations in every iteration, SINGA
+buffers the operations to create a computational graph implicitly (when this
+feature is enabled) after the first iteration. Therefore, on the other hand,
+SINGA has a similar computational graph as the one created by libraries using
+declarative programming, e.g., TensorFlow. Consequently, it can enjoy the
+optimizations done over the graph.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="example"></a><a href="#example" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Example</h2>
+<p>The following code illustrates the usage of the <code>Model</code> API.</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Implement the new model as a subclass of the Model class.</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-Python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">CNN</span><span class="hljs-params">(model.Model)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, num_channels=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)</span>:</span>
+ super(CNN, self).__init__()
+ self.conv1 = layer.Conv2d(num_channels, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, activation=<span class="hljs-string">"RELU"</span>)
+ self.conv2 = layer.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">50</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, activation=<span class="hljs-string">"RELU"</span>)
+ self.linear1 = layer.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">500</span>)
+ self.linear2 = layer.Linear(num_classes)
+ self.pooling1 = layer.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.pooling2 = layer.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.relu = layer.ReLU()
+ self.flatten = layer.Flatten()
+ self.softmax_cross_entropy = layer.SoftMaxCrossEntropy()
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x)</span>:</span>
+ y = self.conv1(x)
+ y = self.pooling1(y)
+ y = self.conv2(y)
+ y = self.pooling2(y)
+ y = self.flatten(y)
+ y = self.linear1(y)
+ y = self.relu(y)
+ y = self.linear2(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, y)</span>:</span>
+ out = self.forward(x)
+ loss = self.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+ self.optimizer(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>Create an instance of model, optimizer, device, etc. Compile the model</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">model = CNN()
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># initialize optimizer and attach it to the model</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># initialize device</span>
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># input and target placeholders for the model</span>
+tx = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, IMG_SIZE, IMG_SIZE), dev, tensor.float32)
+ty = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, num_classes), dev, tensor.int32)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># compile the model before training</span>
+model.compile([tx], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, use_graph=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>Train the model iteratively</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_train_batch):
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># generate the next mini-batch</span>
+ x, y = ...
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Copy the data into input tensors</span>
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(x)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(y)
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Training with one batch</span>
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<p>A Google Colab notebook of this example is available
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1fbGUs1AsoX6bU5F745RwQpohP4bHTktq">here</a>.</p>
+<p>More examples:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/mlp/model.py">MLP</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/cnn.py">CNN</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">ResNet</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="implementation"></a><a href="#implementation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Implementation</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="graph-construction"></a><a href="#graph-construction" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Graph Construction</h3>
+<p>SINGA constructs the computational graph in three steps:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>buffer the operations</li>
+<li>analyze the dependencies operations</li>
+<li>create the nodes and edges based on the dependencies</li>
+</ol>
+<p>Take the matrix multiplication operation from the dense layer of a
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/mlp/model.py">MLP model</a>
+as an example. The operation is called in the <code>forward</code> function of the MLP
+class</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MLP</span><span class="hljs-params">(model.Model)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, data_size=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, perceptron_size=<span class="hljs-number">100</span>, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>)</span>:</span>
+ super(MLP, self).__init__()
+ self.linear1 = layer.Linear(perceptron_size)
+ ...
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, inputs)</span>:</span>
+ y = self.linear1(inputs)
+ ...
+</code></pre>
+<p>The <code>Linear</code> layer is composed of the <code>mutmul</code> operator. <code>autograd</code> implements
+the <code>matmul</code> operator by calling the function <code>Mult</code> exposed from CPP via SWIG.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># implementation of matmul()</span>
+singa.Mult(inputs, w)
+</code></pre>
+<p>At the backend, the <code>Mult</code> function is implemented by calling <code>GEMV</code> a CBLAS
+function. Instead of calling <code>GEMV</code> directly, <code>Mult</code> submits <code>GEMV</code> and the
+arguments to the device as follows,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-c++"><span class="hljs-comment">// implementation of Mult()</span>
+C->device()->Exec(
+ [a, A, b, B, CRef](Context *ctx) <span class="hljs-keyword">mutable</span> {
+ GEMV<DType, Lang>(a, A, B, b, &CRef, ctx);
+ },
+ read_blocks, {C->block()});
+</code></pre>
+<p>The <code>Exec</code> function of <code>Device</code> buffers the function and its arguments. In
+addition, it also has the information about the blocks (a block is a chunk of
+memory for a tensor) to be read and written by this function.</p>
+<p>Once <code>Model.forward()</code> has been executed once, all operations are buffered by
+<code>Device</code>. Next, the read/write information of all operations are analyzed to
+create the computational graph. For example, if a block <code>b</code> is written by one
+operation O1 and is later read by another operation O2, we would know O2 depends
+on O1 and there is a directed edge from A to B, which represents block <code>b</code> (or
+its tensor). After that a directed acyclic graph is constructed as shown below.
+The graph is constructed once.</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/GraphOfMLP.png" alt="The computational graph of MLP"></p>
+<p><br/><strong>Figure 1 - The computational graph of the MLP example.</strong></p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="optimization"></a><a href="#optimization" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Optimization</h3>
+<p>Currently, the following optimizations are done based on the computational
+graph.</p>
+<p><strong>Lazy allocation</strong> When tensor/blocks are created, devices do not allocate
+memory for them immediately. Instead, when the block is accessed for the first
+time, the memory is allocated.</p>
+<p><strong>Automatic recycling</strong> The reference count of each tensor/block is calculated
+based on the graph. Before executing the operations, the reference count is the
+number of operations that read this block. During the execution, once an
+operation is executed, the reference count of the every input block is decreased
+by 1. If one block's reference count reaches 0, it means that this block will
+not be read again in the remaining operations. Therefore, its memory can be
+released safely. In addition, SINGA tracks the usage of the block outside of the
+graph. If a block is used by Python code (not by autograd operators), it will
+not be recycled.</p>
+<p><strong>Memory sharing</strong> SINGA uses memory pool, e.g.,
+<a href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/cnmem">CnMem</a> to manage CUDA memory. With <em>Automatic
+recycling</em> and memory pool, SINGA can share the memory among tensors. Consider
+two operations <code>c = a + b</code> and <code>d=2xc</code>. Before executing the second operation,
+according to <em>Lazy allocation</em>, the memory of d should be allocated. Suppose <code>a</code>
+is not used in the rest operations. According to Automatic recycling, the block
+of <code>a</code> will be released after the first operation. Therefore, SINGA would submit
+four operations to the CUDA stream: addition, free <code>a</code>, malloc <code>b</code>, and
+multiplication. The memory pool is then able to share the memory released by <code>a</code>
+with <code>b</code> instead of ask the GPU to do real malloc for <code>b</code>.</p>
+<p>Other optimization techniques e.g., from compliers, such as common
+sub-expression elimination and parallelizing operations on different CUDA
+streams can also be applied.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="new-operator"></a><a href="#new-operator" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>New Operator</h2>
+<p>Each operator defined in <code>autograd</code> module implements two functions: forward and
+backward, which are implemented by calling the operators from the backend. To
+add a new operator in <code>autograd</code>, you need to add the multiple operators at the
+backend.</p>
+<p>Take the
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/autograd.py">Conv2d</a>
+operator as an example, at the Python side, the forward and backward function
+are implemented by calling the operators from the backend depending on the
+device type.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">_Conv2d</span><span class="hljs-params">(Operation)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, W, b=None)</span>:</span>
+ ......
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> training:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> self.handle.bias_term:
+ self.inputs = (x, W, b) <span class="hljs-comment"># record x, W, b</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
+ self.inputs = (x, W)
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (type(self.handle) != singa.ConvHandle):
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> singa.GpuConvForward(x, W, b, self.handle)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> singa.CpuConvForward(x, W, b, self.handle)
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">backward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, dy)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (type(self.handle) != singa.ConvHandle):
+ dx = singa.GpuConvBackwardx(dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>], self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
+ self.handle)
+ dW = singa.GpuConvBackwardW(dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>], self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>],
+ self.handle)
+ db = singa.GpuConvBackwardb(
+ dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>],
+ self.handle) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> self.handle.bias_term <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
+ dx = singa.CpuConvBackwardx(dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>], self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
+ self.handle)
+ dW = singa.CpuConvBackwardW(dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>], self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>],
+ self.handle)
+ db = singa.CpuConvBackwardb(
+ dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>],
+ self.handle) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> self.handle.bias_term <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> db:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dx, dW, db
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dx, dW
+</code></pre>
+<p>For each operator at the backend, it should be implemented in the following way:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Suppose the operator is <code>foo()</code>; its real implementation should be wrapped in
+another function e.g., <code>_foo()</code>. <code>foo()</code> passes <code>_foo</code> together with the
+arguments as a lambda function to <code>Device</code>'s <code>Exec</code> function for buffering.
+The blocks to be read and written are also passed to <code>Exec</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>All arguments used in the lambda expression need to be captured according to
+the following rules.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p><code>capture by value</code>: If the argument variable is a local variable or will be
+immediately released (e.g. intermediate tensors). Otherwise, these variables
+will be destroyed once <code>foo()</code> exists.</p></li>
+<li><p><code>capture by reference</code>:If the variable is recorded on the python side or a
+persistent variable (e.g. parameter W and ConvHand in the Conv2d class).</p></li>
+<li><p><code>mutable</code>: The lambda expression should have the mutable tag if a variable
+captured by value is modified in <code>_foo()</code></p></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Here is one
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/src/model/operation/convolution.cc">example</a>
+operator implemented at the backend.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-c++"><span class="hljs-function">Tensor <span class="hljs-title">GpuConvBackwardx</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor &dy, <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor &W, <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor &x,
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> CudnnConvHandle &cch)</span> </span>{
+ CHECK_EQ(dy.device()->lang(), kCuda);
+
+ Tensor dx;
+ dx.ResetLike(x);
+
+ dy.device()->Exec(
+ <span class="hljs-comment">/*
+ * dx is a local variable so it's captured by value
+ * dy is an intermediate tensor and isn't recorded on the python side
+ * W is an intermediate tensor but it's recorded on the python side
+ * chh is a variable and it's recorded on the python side
+ */</span>
+ [dx, dy, &W, &cch](Context *ctx) <span class="hljs-keyword">mutable</span> {
+ Block *wblock = W.block(), *dyblock = dy.block(), *dxblock = dx.block();
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> alpha = <span class="hljs-number">1.f</span>, beta = <span class="hljs-number">0.f</span>;
+ cudnnConvolutionBackwardData(
+ ctx->cudnn_handle, &alpha, cch.filter_desc, wblock->data(),
+ cch.y_desc, dyblock->data(), cch.conv_desc, cch.bp_data_alg,
+ cch.workspace.block()->mutable_data(),
+ cch.workspace_count * <span class="hljs-keyword">sizeof</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">float</span>), &beta, cch.x_desc,
+ dxblock->mutable_data());
+ },
+ {dy.block(), W.block()}, {dx.block(), cch.workspace.block()});
+ <span class="hljs-comment">/* the lambda expression reads the blocks of tensor dy and w
+ * and writes the blocks of tensor dx and chh.workspace
+ */</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dx;
+}
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="benchmark"></a><a href="#benchmark" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Benchmark</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="single-node"></a><a href="#single-node" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Single node</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>Experiment settings
+<ul>
+<li>Model
+<ul>
+<li>Using layer: ResNet50 in
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/autograd/resnet_cifar10.py">resnet.py</a></li>
+<li>Using model: ResNet50 in
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">resnet.py</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>GPU: NVIDIA RTX 2080Ti</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Notations
+<ul>
+<li><code>s</code> :second</li>
+<li><code>it</code> : iteration</li>
+<li><code>Mem</code>:peak memory usage of single GPU</li>
+<li><code>Throughout</code>:number of images processed per second</li>
+<li><code>Time</code>:total time</li>
+<li><code>Speed</code>:iterations per second</li>
+<li><code>Reduction</code>:the memory usage reduction rate compared with that using layer</li>
+<li><code>Speedup</code>: speedup ratio compared with dev branch</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Result
+ <table style="text-align: center">
+ <tr>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Batchsize</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Cases</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Mem(MB)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Time(s)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Speed(it/s)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Throughput</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Reduction</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Speedup</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td rowspan="4">16</td>
+ <td nowrap>layer</td>
+ <td>4975</td>
+ <td>14.1952</td>
+ <td>14.0893</td>
+ <td>225.4285</td>
+ <td>0.00%</td>
+ <td>1.0000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:disable graph</td>
+ <td>4995</td>
+ <td>14.1264</td>
+ <td>14.1579</td>
+ <td>226.5261</td>
+ <td>-0.40%</td>
+ <td>1.0049</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, bfs</td>
+ <td>3283</td>
+ <td>13.7438</td>
+ <td>14.5520</td>
+ <td>232.8318</td>
+ <td>34.01%</td>
+ <td>1.0328</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, serial</td>
+ <td>3265</td>
+ <td>13.7420</td>
+ <td>14.5540</td>
+ <td>232.8635</td>
+ <td>34.37%</td>
+ <td>1.0330</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td rowspan="4">32</td>
+ <td nowrap>layer</td>
+ <td>10119</td>
+ <td>13.4587</td>
+ <td>7.4302</td>
+ <td>237.7649</td>
+ <td>0.00%</td>
+ <td>1.0000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:disable graph</td>
+ <td>10109</td>
+ <td>13.2952</td>
+ <td>7.5315</td>
+ <td>240.6875</td>
+ <td>0.10%</td>
+ <td>1.0123</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, bfs</td>
+ <td>6839</td>
+ <td>13.1059</td>
+ <td>7.6302</td>
+ <td>244.1648</td>
+ <td>32.41%</td>
+ <td>1.0269</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, serial</td>
+ <td>6845</td>
+ <td>13.0489</td>
+ <td>7.6635</td>
+ <td>245.2312</td>
+ <td>32.35%</td>
+ <td>1.0314</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="multi-processes"></a><a href="#multi-processes" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Multi processes</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>Experiment settings
+<ul>
+<li>API
+<ul>
+<li>using Layer: ResNet50 in
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/autograd/resnet_dist.py">resnet_dist.py</a></li>
+<li>using Model: ResNet50 in
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">resnet.py</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>GPU: NVIDIA RTX 2080Ti * 2</li>
+<li>MPI: two MPI processes on one node</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Notations: the same as above</li>
+<li>Result
+ <table style="text-align: center">
+ <tr>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Batchsize</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Cases</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Mem(MB)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Time(s)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Speed(it/s)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Throughput</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Reduction</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Speedup</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td rowspan="4">16</td>
+ <td nowrap>layer</td>
+ <td>5439</td>
+ <td>17.3323</td>
+ <td>11.5391</td>
+ <td>369.2522</td>
+ <td>0.00%</td>
+ <td>1.0000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:disable graph</td>
+ <td>5427</td>
+ <td>17.8232</td>
+ <td>11.2213</td>
+ <td>359.0831</td>
+ <td>0.22%</td>
+ <td>0.9725</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, bfs</td>
+ <td>3389</td>
+ <td>18.2310</td>
+ <td>10.9703</td>
+ <td>351.0504</td>
+ <td>37.69%</td>
+ <td>0.9507</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, serial</td>
+ <td>3437</td>
+ <td>17.0389</td>
+ <td>11.7378</td>
+ <td>375.6103</td>
+ <td>36.81%</td>
+ <td>1.0172</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td rowspan="4">32</td>
+ <td nowrap>layer</td>
+ <td>10547</td>
+ <td>14.8635</td>
+ <td>6.7279</td>
+ <td>430.5858</td>
+ <td>0.00%</td>
+ <td>1.0000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:disable graph</td>
+ <td>10503</td>
+ <td>14.7746</td>
+ <td>6.7684</td>
+ <td>433.1748</td>
+ <td>0.42%</td>
+ <td>1.0060</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, bfs</td>
+ <td>6935</td>
+ <td>14.8553</td>
+ <td>6.7316</td>
+ <td>430.8231</td>
+ <td>34.25%</td>
+ <td>1.0006</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, serial</td>
+ <td>7027</td>
+ <td>14.3271</td>
+ <td>6.9798</td>
+ <td>446.7074</td>
+ <td>33.37%</td>
+ <td>1.0374</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="conclusion"></a><a href="#conclusion" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Conclusion</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>Training with the computational graph enabled can significantly reduce the
+memory footprint.</li>
+<li>Currently, there is a little improvement in terms of speed. More optimizations
+can be done towards the efficiency.</li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>Half precision training could bring benefits:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>using less GPU memory, supporting larger network.</li>
+<li>training faster.</li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="half-data-type"></a><a href="#half-data-type" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Half data type</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="half-data-type-definition"></a><a href="#half-data-type-definition" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Half data type definition</h3>
+<p>The IEEE 754 standard specifies a binary16 as having the following
+<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-precision_floating-point_format">format</a>:
+Sign bit: 1 bit
+Exponent width: 5 bits
+Significand precision: 11 bits (10 explicitly stored)</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="half-data-type-operation"></a><a href="#half-data-type-operation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Half data type operation</h3>
+<p>Load data in fp32 and easily convert to fp16 by casting.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensor, device
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x = tensor.random((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>),dev)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x
+[[<span class="hljs-number">0.7703407</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.42764223</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.5872884</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.78362167</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.70469785</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.64975065</span>]], float32
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>y = x.as_type(tensor.float16)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>y
+[[<span class="hljs-number">0.7705</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.4277</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.5874</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.7837</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.7046</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.65</span> ]], float16
+</code></pre>
+<p>Primary operations are supported in fp16.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>y+y
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.541</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.8555</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.175</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">1.567</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.409</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.3</span> ]], float16
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training-in-half"></a><a href="#training-in-half" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training in Half</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training-in-half-three-step"></a><a href="#training-in-half-three-step" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training in Half three step</h3>
+<p>Training in half precision could be done easily in three steps:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Load data and convert to half</li>
+<li>Set data type of optimizer</li>
+<li>Train model as usual</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># cast input data to fp16</span>
+x = load_data()
+x = x.astype(np.float16)
+tx = tensor.from_numpy(x)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># load model</span>
+model = build_model()
+<span class="hljs-comment"># set optimizer dtype to fp16</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>, dtype=tensor.float16)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># train as usual</span>
+out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="example"></a><a href="#example" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Example</h3>
+<p>An example script is <code>train_cnn.py</code>, run below command to train in half.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">python examples/cnn/train_cnn.py cnn mnist -pfloat16
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="implementation"></a><a href="#implementation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Implementation</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="half-type-dependency"></a><a href="#half-type-dependency" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Half Type Dependency</h3>
+<p>This half implementation is integrated in C++ backend as general half type
+support.</p>
+<p>To run on GPU, <code>__half</code> is available in Cuda math API. To support <code>__half</code>
+math operation, it is required to compile against Nvidia compute arch > 6.0
+(Pascal).</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core"></a><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</h3>
+<p>Tensor Core released by Nvidia further accelerates half precision and multiples
+throughput for operations like GEMM(CuBlas) and convolution(CuDNN). To enable
+Tensor core operation, there are a few restriction on GEMM dimensions,
+convolution channel size, Cuda version, and GPU version(Turing or later) and etc.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="implement-operations"></a><a href="#implement-operations" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Implement Operations</h3>
+<p>Half operations are primarily implemented in <code>tensor_math_cuda.h</code>, by specializing
+operation template with half type and implementation the low level computation.</p>
+<p>For example, GEMM operation is implemented as:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-c++"><span class="hljs-keyword">template</span> <>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> GEMM<half_float::half, lang::Cuda>(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> half_float::half alpha,
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor& A, <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor& B,
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> half_float::half beta, Tensor* C,
+ Context* ctx) {
+ <span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
+ CUBLAS_CHECK(cublasGemmEx(handle, transb, transa, ncolB, nrowA, ncolA,
+ alphaPtr, BPtr, Btype, ldb, APtr, Atype, lda,
+ betaPtr, CPtr, Ctype, ldc, computeType, algo));
+ <span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
+}
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/16/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/time-profiling"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Time Profiling</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-definition">Half data type definition</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-operation">Half data type operation</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-three-step">Training in Half three step</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-dependency">Half Type Dependency</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>Half precision training could bring benefits:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>using less GPU memory, supporting larger network.</li>
+<li>training faster.</li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="half-data-type"></a><a href="#half-data-type" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Half data type</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="half-data-type-definition"></a><a href="#half-data-type-definition" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Half data type definition</h3>
+<p>The IEEE 754 standard specifies a binary16 as having the following
+<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-precision_floating-point_format">format</a>:
+Sign bit: 1 bit
+Exponent width: 5 bits
+Significand precision: 11 bits (10 explicitly stored)</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="half-data-type-operation"></a><a href="#half-data-type-operation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Half data type operation</h3>
+<p>Load data in fp32 and easily convert to fp16 by casting.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensor, device
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x = tensor.random((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>),dev)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x
+[[<span class="hljs-number">0.7703407</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.42764223</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.5872884</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.78362167</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.70469785</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.64975065</span>]], float32
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>y = x.as_type(tensor.float16)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>y
+[[<span class="hljs-number">0.7705</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.4277</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.5874</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.7837</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.7046</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.65</span> ]], float16
+</code></pre>
+<p>Primary operations are supported in fp16.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>y+y
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.541</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.8555</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.175</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">1.567</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.409</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.3</span> ]], float16
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training-in-half"></a><a href="#training-in-half" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training in Half</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training-in-half-three-step"></a><a href="#training-in-half-three-step" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training in Half three step</h3>
+<p>Training in half precision could be done easily in three steps:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Load data and convert to half</li>
+<li>Set data type of optimizer</li>
+<li>Train model as usual</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># cast input data to fp16</span>
+x = load_data()
+x = x.astype(np.float16)
+tx = tensor.from_numpy(x)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># load model</span>
+model = build_model()
+<span class="hljs-comment"># set optimizer dtype to fp16</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>, dtype=tensor.float16)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># train as usual</span>
+out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="example"></a><a href="#example" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Example</h3>
+<p>An example script is <code>train_cnn.py</code>, run below command to train in half.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">python examples/cnn/train_cnn.py cnn mnist -pfloat16
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="implementation"></a><a href="#implementation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Implementation</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="half-type-dependency"></a><a href="#half-type-dependency" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Half Type Dependency</h3>
+<p>This half implementation is integrated in C++ backend as general half type
+support.</p>
+<p>To run on GPU, <code>__half</code> is available in Cuda math API. To support <code>__half</code>
+math operation, it is required to compile against Nvidia compute arch > 6.0
+(Pascal).</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core"></a><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</h3>
+<p>Tensor Core released by Nvidia further accelerates half precision and multiples
+throughput for operations like GEMM(CuBlas) and convolution(CuDNN). To enable
+Tensor core operation, there are a few restriction on GEMM dimensions,
+convolution channel size, Cuda version, and GPU version(Turing or later) and etc.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="implement-operations"></a><a href="#implement-operations" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Implement Operations</h3>
+<p>Half operations are primarily implemented in <code>tensor_math_cuda.h</code>, by specializing
+operation template with half type and implementation the low level computation.</p>
+<p>For example, GEMM operation is implemented as:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-c++"><span class="hljs-keyword">template</span> <>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> GEMM<half_float::half, lang::Cuda>(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> half_float::half alpha,
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor& A, <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor& B,
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> half_float::half beta, Tensor* C,
+ Context* ctx) {
+ <span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
+ CUBLAS_CHECK(cublasGemmEx(handle, transb, transa, ncolB, nrowA, ncolA,
+ alphaPtr, BPtr, Btype, ldb, APtr, Atype, lda,
+ betaPtr, CPtr, Ctype, ldc, computeType, algo));
+ <span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
+}
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/16/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/time-profiling"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Time Profiling</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-definition">Half data type definition</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-operation">Half data type operation</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-three-step">Training in Half three step</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-dependency">Half Type Dependency</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/history-singa.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">History of SINGA</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="history"></a><a href="#history" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>History</h2>
+<p>SINGA was initiated by the DB System Group at National University of Singapore
+in 2014, in collaboration with the database group of Zhejiang University. Please
+cite the following two papers if you use SINGA in your research:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>B.C. Ooi, K.-L. Tan, S. Wang, W. Wang, Q. Cai, G. Chen, J. Gao, Z. Luo, A. K.
+H. Tung, Y. Wang, Z. Xie, M. Zhang, and K. Zheng.
+<a href="http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~ooibc/singaopen-mm15.pdf">SINGA: A distributed deep learning platform</a>.
+ACM Multimedia (Open Source Software Competition) 2015</p></li>
+<li><p>W. Wang, G. Chen, T. T. A. Dinh, B. C. Ooi, K.-L.Tan, J. Gao, and S. Wang.
+<a href="http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~ooibc/singa-mm15.pdf">SINGA: putting deep learning in the hands of multimedia users</a>.
+ACM Multimedia 2015.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Rafiki is a sub module of SINGA. Please cite the following paper if you use
+Rafiki in your research:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Wei Wang, Jinyang Gao, Meihui Zhang, Sheng Wang, Gang Chen, Teck Khim Ng, Beng
+Chin Ooi, Jie Shao, Moaz Reyad.
+<a href="http://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol12/p128-wang.pdf">Rafiki: Machine Learning as an Analytics Service System</a>.
+<a href="http://vldb.org/2019/">VLDB 2019</a>
+(<a href="https://dblp.org/rec/bib2/journals/pvldb/WangWGZCNOS18.bib">BibTex</a>).</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Companies like <a href="http://tech.163.com/17/0602/17/CLUL016I00098GJ5.html">NetEase</a>,
+<a href="http://www.yzbigdata.com/en/index.html">yzBigData</a>,
+<a href="https://shentilium.com/">Shentilium</a>, <a href="http://www.foodlg.com/">Foodlg</a> and
+<a href="https://medilot.com/technologies">Medilot</a> are using SINGA for their
+applications.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="license"></a><a href="#license" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>License</h2>
+<p>SINGA is released under
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License Version 2.0</a></p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+ </script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>History of SINGA · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="History of SINGA · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="history"></a><a href="#history" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>History</h2>
+<p>SINGA was initiated by the DB System Group at National University of Singapore
+in 2014, in collaboration with the database group of Zhejiang University. Please
+cite the following two papers if you use SINGA in your research:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>B.C. Ooi, K.-L. Tan, S. Wang, W. Wang, Q. Cai, G. Chen, J. Gao, Z. Luo, A. K.
+H. Tung, Y. Wang, Z. Xie, M. Zhang, and K. Zheng.
+<a href="http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~ooibc/singaopen-mm15.pdf">SINGA: A distributed deep learning platform</a>.
+ACM Multimedia (Open Source Software Competition) 2015</p></li>
+<li><p>W. Wang, G. Chen, T. T. A. Dinh, B. C. Ooi, K.-L.Tan, J. Gao, and S. Wang.
+<a href="http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~ooibc/singa-mm15.pdf">SINGA: putting deep learning in the hands of multimedia users</a>.
+ACM Multimedia 2015.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Rafiki is a sub module of SINGA. Please cite the following paper if you use
+Rafiki in your research:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Wei Wang, Jinyang Gao, Meihui Zhang, Sheng Wang, Gang Chen, Teck Khim Ng, Beng
+Chin Ooi, Jie Shao, Moaz Reyad.
+<a href="http://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol12/p128-wang.pdf">Rafiki: Machine Learning as an Analytics Service System</a>.
+<a href="http://vldb.org/2019/">VLDB 2019</a>
+(<a href="https://dblp.org/rec/bib2/journals/pvldb/WangWGZCNOS18.bib">BibTex</a>).</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Companies like <a href="http://tech.163.com/17/0602/17/CLUL016I00098GJ5.html">NetEase</a>,
+<a href="http://www.yzbigdata.com/en/index.html">yzBigData</a>,
+<a href="https://shentilium.com/">Shentilium</a>, <a href="http://www.foodlg.com/">Foodlg</a> and
+<a href="https://medilot.com/technologies">Medilot</a> are using SINGA for their
+applications.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="license"></a><a href="#license" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>License</h2>
+<p>SINGA is released under
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License Version 2.0</a></p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+<p>This is a guide for the
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/dev/release-publishing.html">release preparing process</a>
+in SINGA.</p>
+<ol>
+<li><p>Select a release manager. The release manager (RM) is the coordinator for the
+release process. It is the RM's signature (.asc) that is uploaded together
+with the release. The RM generates KEY (RSA 4096-bit) and uploads it to a
+public key server. The RM needs to get his key endorsed (signed) by other
+Apache user, to be connected to the web of trust. He should first ask the
+mentor to help signing his key.
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/dev/release-signing.html">How to generate the key</a>?</p></li>
+<li><p>Check license. <a href="https://www.apache.org/legal/src-headers.html#faq-docs">FAQ</a>;
+<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/projects/SINGA/issues/SINGA-447">SINGA Issue</a></p>
+<ul>
+<li>The codebase does not include third-party code which is not compatible to
+APL;</li>
+<li>The dependencies are compatible with APL. GNU-like licenses are NOT
+compatible;</li>
+<li>All source files written by us MUST include the Apache license header:
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/legal/src-headers.html">http://www.apache.org/legal/src-headers.html</a>. There's a script in there
+which helps propagating the header to all files.</li>
+<li>Update the LICENSE file. If we include any third party code in the release
+package which is not APL, must state it at the end of the NOTICE file.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Bump the version. Check code and documentation</p>
+<ul>
+<li>The build process is error-free.</li>
+<li>Unit tests are included (as much as possible)</li>
+<li>Conda packages run without errors.</li>
+<li>The online documentation on the Apache website is up to date.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Prepare the RELEASE_NOTES file. Include the following items, Introduction,
+Features, Bugs (link to JIRA or Github PR), Changes, Dependency list,
+Incompatibility issues. Follow this
+<a href="http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-digester/commons-digester-3.0/RELEASE-NOTES.txt">example</a>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Package the release candidate. The release should be packaged into :
+apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz. The release should not include any binary files
+including git files. However, the CMake compilation depends on the git tag to
+get the version numbers; to remove this dependency, you need to manually
+update the CMakeLists.txt file to set the version numbers.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"># remove the following lines
+include(GetGitRevisionDescription)
+git_describe(VERSION --tags --dirty=-d)
+<span class="hljs-type">string</span>(REGEX REPLACE <span class="hljs-string">"^([0-9]+)<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>..*"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>1"</span> VERSION_MAJOR <span class="hljs-string">"${VERSION}"</span>)
+<span class="hljs-type">string</span>(REGEX REPLACE <span class="hljs-string">"^[0-9]+<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>.([0-9]+).*"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>1"</span> VERSION_MINOR <span class="hljs-string">"${VERSION}"</span>)
+<span class="hljs-type">string</span>(REGEX REPLACE <span class="hljs-string">"^[0-9]+<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>.[0-9]+<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>.([0-9]+).*"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>1"</span> VERSION_PATCH <span class="hljs-string">"${VERSION}"</span>)
+
+# set the numbers manually
+SET(PACKAGE_VERSION <span class="hljs-number">3.0</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>)
+SET(VERSION <span class="hljs-number">3.0</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>)
+SET(SINGA_MAJOR_VERSION <span class="hljs-number">3</span>) # <span class="hljs-number">0</span> -
+SET(SINGA_MINOR_VERSION <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) # <span class="hljs-number">0</span> - <span class="hljs-number">9</span>
+SET(SINGA_PATCH_VERSION <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) # <span class="hljs-number">0</span> - <span class="hljs-number">99</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Upload the package to the
+<a href="https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/">stage repo</a>. The tar file,
+signature, KEY and SHA256 checksum file should be included. MD5 is no longer
+used. Policy is
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/dev/release-distribution#sigs-and-sums">here</a>. The
+stage folder should include:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz</li>
+<li>apache-singa-VERSION.acs</li>
+<li>apache-singa-VERSION.SHA256</li>
+</ul>
+<p>The commands to create these files and upload them to the stage svn repo:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh"><span class="hljs-comment"># in singa repo</span>
+rm -rf .git
+rm -rf rafiki/*
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> ..
+tar -czvf apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz singa/
+
+mkdir stage
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> stage
+svn co https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> singa
+<span class="hljs-comment"># copy the KEYS file from singa repo to this folder if it is not here</span>
+cp ../../singa/KEYS .
+mkdir VERSION
+<span class="hljs-comment"># copy the tar.gz file</span>
+mv ../../apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz VERSION/
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> VERSION
+sha512sum apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz > apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz.sha512
+gpg --armor --output apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz.asc --detach-sig apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> ..
+svn add VERSION
+svn commit
+</code></pre></li>
+</ol>
+<ol start="6">
+<li><p>Call for vote by sending an email. An example is provided as follows.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-attribute">To</span>: dev<span class="hljs-variable">@singa</span>.apache.org
+<span class="hljs-attribute">Subject</span>: [VOTE] Release apache-singa-X.Y.Z (release candidate N)
+
+Hi all,
+
+I have created a build for Apache SINGA <span class="hljs-number">3.1</span>.<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, release candidate <span class="hljs-number">2</span>.
+
+The release note is at
+<span class="hljs-attribute">https</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/RELEASE_NOTES.</span>
+
+The artifacts to be voted on are located <span class="hljs-attribute">here</span>:
+<span class="hljs-attribute">https</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/3.1.0.rc2/apache-singa-3.1.0.rc2.tar.gz</span>
+
+The hashes of the artifacts are as <span class="hljs-attribute">follows</span>:
+<span class="hljs-attribute">SHA512</span>: <span class="hljs-number">84545499</span>ad36da108c6a599edd1d853f82d331bc03273b5278515554866f0c698e881f956b2eabcb6b29c07fa9fa4ff1add5a777b58db8a6a2362cf383b5c04d
+
+Release artifacts are signed with the <span class="hljs-attribute">followingkey</span>:
+<span class="hljs-attribute">https</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/KEYS</span>
+
+The signature file <span class="hljs-attribute">is</span>:
+<span class="hljs-attribute">https</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/3.1.0.rc2/apache-singa-3.1.0.rc2.tar.gz.asc</span>
+
+The Github tag is <span class="hljs-attribute">at</span>:
+<span class="hljs-attribute">https</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//github.com/apache/singa/releases/tag/3.1.0.rc2</span>
+
+The documentation website is at
+<span class="hljs-attribute">http</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//singa.apache.org/docs/next/installation/</span>
+
+Some examples are available for <span class="hljs-attribute">testing</span>:
+<span class="hljs-attribute">https</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//github.com/apache/singa/tree/master/examples</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+</ol>
+<p>Please vote on releasing this package. The vote is open for at least 72 hours
+and passes if a majority of at least three +1 votes are cast.</p>
+<p>[ ] +1 Release this package as Apache SINGA X.Y.Z [ ] 0 I don't feel strongly
+about it, but I'm okay with the release [ ] -1 Do not release this package
+because...</p>
+<p>Here is my vote: +1</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">
+7) Wait at least 48 hours for test responses. Any PMC, committer<span class="hljs-built_in"> or </span>contributor
+can test features for releasing,<span class="hljs-built_in"> and </span>feedback. Everyone should<span class="hljs-built_in"> check </span>these
+before vote +1. If the vote passes, then send the result email. Otherwise,
+repeat from the beginning.
+
+</code></pre>
+<p>To: <a href="mailto:dev@singa.apache.org">dev@singa.apache.org</a> Subject: [RESULT][vote] Release apache-singa-X.Y.Z
+(release candidate N)</p>
+<p>Thanks to everyone who has voted and given their comments. The tally is as
+follows.</p>
+<p>N binding +1s: <names></p>
+<p>N non-binding +1s: <names></p>
+<p>No 0s or -1s.</p>
+<p>I am delighted to announce that the proposal to release Apache SINGA X.Y.Z has
+passed.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">
+8) Upload the package for
+[<span class="hljs-string">distribution</span>](<span class="hljs-link">http://www.apache.org/dev/release-publishing.html#distribution</span>)
+to https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/release/singa/.
+
+9) Update the Download page of SINGA website. The tar.gz file MUST be downloaded
+from mirror, using closer.cgi script; other artifacts MUST be downloaded from
+main Apache site. More details
+[<span class="hljs-string">here</span>](<span class="hljs-link">http://www.apache.org/dev/release-download-pages.html</span>). Some feedback
+we got during the previous releases: "Download pages must only link to formal
+releases, so must not include links to GitHub.", "Links to KEYS, sigs and
+hashes must not use dist.apache.org; instead use
+https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/...;", "Also you only need one KEYS link,
+and there should be a description of how to use KEYS + sig or hash to verify
+the downloads."
+
+10) Remove the RC tag and compile the conda packages.
+
+11) Publish the release information.
+
+ <span class="hljs-code">```</span>
+ To: announce@apache.org, dev@singa.apache.org
+ Subject: [ANNOUNCE] Apache SINGA X.Y.Z released
+
+ We are pleased to announce that SINGA X.Y.Z is released.
+
+ SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform
+ for training big deep learning models over large datasets.
+ The release is available at: http://singa.apache.org/downloads.html
+ The main features of this release include XXX
+ We look forward to hearing your feedback, suggestions,
+ and contributions to the project.
+
+ On behalf of the SINGA team, {SINGA Team Member Name}
+ <span class="hljs-code">```</span>
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
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+<p>This is a guide for the
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/dev/release-publishing.html">release preparing process</a>
+in SINGA.</p>
+<ol>
+<li><p>Select a release manager. The release manager (RM) is the coordinator for the
+release process. It is the RM's signature (.asc) that is uploaded together
+with the release. The RM generates KEY (RSA 4096-bit) and uploads it to a
+public key server. The RM needs to get his key endorsed (signed) by other
+Apache user, to be connected to the web of trust. He should first ask the
+mentor to help signing his key.
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/dev/release-signing.html">How to generate the key</a>?</p></li>
+<li><p>Check license. <a href="https://www.apache.org/legal/src-headers.html#faq-docs">FAQ</a>;
+<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/projects/SINGA/issues/SINGA-447">SINGA Issue</a></p>
+<ul>
+<li>The codebase does not include third-party code which is not compatible to
+APL;</li>
+<li>The dependencies are compatible with APL. GNU-like licenses are NOT
+compatible;</li>
+<li>All source files written by us MUST include the Apache license header:
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/legal/src-headers.html">http://www.apache.org/legal/src-headers.html</a>. There's a script in there
+which helps propagating the header to all files.</li>
+<li>Update the LICENSE file. If we include any third party code in the release
+package which is not APL, must state it at the end of the NOTICE file.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Bump the version. Check code and documentation</p>
+<ul>
+<li>The build process is error-free.</li>
+<li>Unit tests are included (as much as possible)</li>
+<li>Conda packages run without errors.</li>
+<li>The online documentation on the Apache website is up to date.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Prepare the RELEASE_NOTES file. Include the following items, Introduction,
+Features, Bugs (link to JIRA or Github PR), Changes, Dependency list,
+Incompatibility issues. Follow this
+<a href="http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-digester/commons-digester-3.0/RELEASE-NOTES.txt">example</a>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Package the release candidate. The release should be packaged into :
+apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz. The release should not include any binary files
+including git files. However, the CMake compilation depends on the git tag to
+get the version numbers; to remove this dependency, you need to manually
+update the CMakeLists.txt file to set the version numbers.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"># remove the following lines
+include(GetGitRevisionDescription)
+git_describe(VERSION --tags --dirty=-d)
+<span class="hljs-type">string</span>(REGEX REPLACE <span class="hljs-string">"^([0-9]+)<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>..*"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>1"</span> VERSION_MAJOR <span class="hljs-string">"${VERSION}"</span>)
+<span class="hljs-type">string</span>(REGEX REPLACE <span class="hljs-string">"^[0-9]+<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>.([0-9]+).*"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>1"</span> VERSION_MINOR <span class="hljs-string">"${VERSION}"</span>)
+<span class="hljs-type">string</span>(REGEX REPLACE <span class="hljs-string">"^[0-9]+<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>.[0-9]+<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>.([0-9]+).*"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>1"</span> VERSION_PATCH <span class="hljs-string">"${VERSION}"</span>)
+
+# set the numbers manually
+SET(PACKAGE_VERSION <span class="hljs-number">3.0</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>)
+SET(VERSION <span class="hljs-number">3.0</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>)
+SET(SINGA_MAJOR_VERSION <span class="hljs-number">3</span>) # <span class="hljs-number">0</span> -
+SET(SINGA_MINOR_VERSION <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) # <span class="hljs-number">0</span> - <span class="hljs-number">9</span>
+SET(SINGA_PATCH_VERSION <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) # <span class="hljs-number">0</span> - <span class="hljs-number">99</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Upload the package to the
+<a href="https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/">stage repo</a>. The tar file,
+signature, KEY and SHA256 checksum file should be included. MD5 is no longer
+used. Policy is
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/dev/release-distribution#sigs-and-sums">here</a>. The
+stage folder should include:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz</li>
+<li>apache-singa-VERSION.acs</li>
+<li>apache-singa-VERSION.SHA256</li>
+</ul>
+<p>The commands to create these files and upload them to the stage svn repo:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh"><span class="hljs-comment"># in singa repo</span>
+rm -rf .git
+rm -rf rafiki/*
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> ..
+tar -czvf apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz singa/
+
+mkdir stage
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> stage
+svn co https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> singa
+<span class="hljs-comment"># copy the KEYS file from singa repo to this folder if it is not here</span>
+cp ../../singa/KEYS .
+mkdir VERSION
+<span class="hljs-comment"># copy the tar.gz file</span>
+mv ../../apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz VERSION/
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> VERSION
+sha512sum apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz > apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz.sha512
+gpg --armor --output apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz.asc --detach-sig apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> ..
+svn add VERSION
+svn commit
+</code></pre></li>
+</ol>
+<ol start="6">
+<li><p>Call for vote by sending an email. An example is provided as follows.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-attribute">To</span>: dev<span class="hljs-variable">@singa</span>.apache.org
+<span class="hljs-attribute">Subject</span>: [VOTE] Release apache-singa-X.Y.Z (release candidate N)
+
+Hi all,
+
+I have created a build for Apache SINGA <span class="hljs-number">3.1</span>.<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, release candidate <span class="hljs-number">2</span>.
+
+The release note is at
+<span class="hljs-attribute">https</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/RELEASE_NOTES.</span>
+
+The artifacts to be voted on are located <span class="hljs-attribute">here</span>:
+<span class="hljs-attribute">https</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/3.1.0.rc2/apache-singa-3.1.0.rc2.tar.gz</span>
+
+The hashes of the artifacts are as <span class="hljs-attribute">follows</span>:
+<span class="hljs-attribute">SHA512</span>: <span class="hljs-number">84545499</span>ad36da108c6a599edd1d853f82d331bc03273b5278515554866f0c698e881f956b2eabcb6b29c07fa9fa4ff1add5a777b58db8a6a2362cf383b5c04d
+
+Release artifacts are signed with the <span class="hljs-attribute">followingkey</span>:
+<span class="hljs-attribute">https</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/KEYS</span>
+
+The signature file <span class="hljs-attribute">is</span>:
+<span class="hljs-attribute">https</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/3.1.0.rc2/apache-singa-3.1.0.rc2.tar.gz.asc</span>
+
+The Github tag is <span class="hljs-attribute">at</span>:
+<span class="hljs-attribute">https</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//github.com/apache/singa/releases/tag/3.1.0.rc2</span>
+
+The documentation website is at
+<span class="hljs-attribute">http</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//singa.apache.org/docs/next/installation/</span>
+
+Some examples are available for <span class="hljs-attribute">testing</span>:
+<span class="hljs-attribute">https</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//github.com/apache/singa/tree/master/examples</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+</ol>
+<p>Please vote on releasing this package. The vote is open for at least 72 hours
+and passes if a majority of at least three +1 votes are cast.</p>
+<p>[ ] +1 Release this package as Apache SINGA X.Y.Z [ ] 0 I don't feel strongly
+about it, but I'm okay with the release [ ] -1 Do not release this package
+because...</p>
+<p>Here is my vote: +1</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">
+7) Wait at least 48 hours for test responses. Any PMC, committer<span class="hljs-built_in"> or </span>contributor
+can test features for releasing,<span class="hljs-built_in"> and </span>feedback. Everyone should<span class="hljs-built_in"> check </span>these
+before vote +1. If the vote passes, then send the result email. Otherwise,
+repeat from the beginning.
+
+</code></pre>
+<p>To: <a href="mailto:dev@singa.apache.org">dev@singa.apache.org</a> Subject: [RESULT][vote] Release apache-singa-X.Y.Z
+(release candidate N)</p>
+<p>Thanks to everyone who has voted and given their comments. The tally is as
+follows.</p>
+<p>N binding +1s: <names></p>
+<p>N non-binding +1s: <names></p>
+<p>No 0s or -1s.</p>
+<p>I am delighted to announce that the proposal to release Apache SINGA X.Y.Z has
+passed.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">
+8) Upload the package for
+[<span class="hljs-string">distribution</span>](<span class="hljs-link">http://www.apache.org/dev/release-publishing.html#distribution</span>)
+to https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/release/singa/.
+
+9) Update the Download page of SINGA website. The tar.gz file MUST be downloaded
+from mirror, using closer.cgi script; other artifacts MUST be downloaded from
+main Apache site. More details
+[<span class="hljs-string">here</span>](<span class="hljs-link">http://www.apache.org/dev/release-download-pages.html</span>). Some feedback
+we got during the previous releases: "Download pages must only link to formal
+releases, so must not include links to GitHub.", "Links to KEYS, sigs and
+hashes must not use dist.apache.org; instead use
+https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/...;", "Also you only need one KEYS link,
+and there should be a description of how to use KEYS + sig or hash to verify
+the downloads."
+
+10) Remove the RC tag and compile the conda packages.
+
+11) Publish the release information.
+
+ <span class="hljs-code">```</span>
+ To: announce@apache.org, dev@singa.apache.org
+ Subject: [ANNOUNCE] Apache SINGA X.Y.Z released
+
+ We are pleased to announce that SINGA X.Y.Z is released.
+
+ SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform
+ for training big deep learning models over large datasets.
+ The release is available at: http://singa.apache.org/downloads.html
+ The main features of this release include XXX
+ We look forward to hearing your feedback, suggestions,
+ and contributions to the project.
+
+ On behalf of the SINGA team, {SINGA Team Member Name}
+ <span class="hljs-code">```</span>
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/initializer/index.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/initializer/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf538b0
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@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46e3884
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+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/install-win.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Build SINGA on Windows</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>The process of building SINGA from source on Microsoft Windows has four parts:
+install dependencies, build SINGA source, (optionally) install the python module
+and (optionally) run the unit tests.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="install-dependencies"></a><a href="#install-dependencies" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Install Dependencies</h2>
+<p>You may create a folder for building the dependencies.</p>
+<p>The dependencies are:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Compiler and IDE</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Visual Studio. The community edition is free and can be used to build SINGA.
+<a href="https://www.visualstudio.com/">https://www.visualstudio.com/</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>CMake</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Can be downloaded from <a href="http://cmake.org/">http://cmake.org/</a></li>
+<li>Make sure the path to cmake executable is in the system path, or use full
+path when calling cmake.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>SWIG</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Can be downloaded from <a href="http://swig.org/">http://swig.org/</a></li>
+<li>Make sure the path to swig executable is in the system path, or use full
+path when calling swig. Use a recent version such as 3.0.12.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Protocol Buffers</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Download a suitable version such as 2.6.1:
+<a href="https://github.com/google/protobuf/releases/tag/v2.6.1">https://github.com/google/protobuf/releases/tag/v2.6.1</a> .</li>
+<li>Download both protobuf-2.6.1.zip and protoc-2.6.1-win32.zip .</li>
+<li>Extract both of them in dependencies folder. Add the path to protoc
+executable to the system path, or use full path when calling it.</li>
+<li>Open the Visual Studio solution which can be found in vsproject folder.</li>
+<li>Change the build settings to Release and x64.</li>
+<li>build libprotobuf project.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Openblas</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Download a suitable source version such as 0.2.20 from
+<a href="http://www.openblas.net">http://www.openblas.net</a></li>
+<li>Extract the source in the dependencies folder.</li>
+<li>If you don't have Perl installed, download a perl environment such as
+Strawberry Perl (<a href="http://strawberryperl.com/">http://strawberryperl.com/</a>)</li>
+<li>Build the Visual Studio solution by running this command in the source
+folder:</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">cmake -G <span class="hljs-string">"Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>Open the Visual Studio solution and change the build settings to Release and
+x64.</li>
+<li>Build libopenblas project</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Google glog</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Download a suitable version such as 0.3.5 from
+<a href="https://github.com/google/glog/releases">https://github.com/google/glog/releases</a></li>
+<li>Extract the source in the dependencies folder.</li>
+<li>Open the Visual Studio solution.</li>
+<li>Change the build settings to Release and x64.</li>
+<li>Build libglog project</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="build-singa-source"></a><a href="#build-singa-source" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Build SINGA source</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Download SINGA source code</p></li>
+<li><p>Compile the protobuf files:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Go to src/proto folder</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir python_out
+protoc.exe *.proto --python_out python_out
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Generate swig interfaces for C++ and Python: Go to src/api</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">swig -python -c++ singa.i
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>generate Visual Studio solution for SINGA: Go to SINGA source code root folder</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir build
+cd build
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Call cmake and add the paths in your system similar to the following example:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64" ^
+ -DGLOG_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/glog-0.3.5/src/windows" ^
+ -DGLOG_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/glog-0.3.5/x64/Release" ^
+ -DCBLAS_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/openblas-0.2.20/lapack-netlib/CBLAS/include" ^
+ -DCBLAS_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/openblas-0.2.20/lib/RELEASE" ^
+ -DProtobuf_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protobuf-2.6.1/src" ^
+ -DProtobuf_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protobuf-2.6.1/vsprojects/x64/Release" ^
+ -DProtobuf_PROTOC_EXECUTABLE="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protoc-2.6.1-win32/protoc.exe" ^
+ ..
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Open the generated solution in Visual Studio</p></li>
+<li><p>Change the build settings to Release and x64</p></li>
+<li><p>Add the singa_wrap.cxx file from src/api to the singa_objects project</p></li>
+<li><p>In the singa_objects project, open Additional Include Directories.</p></li>
+<li><p>Add Python include path</p></li>
+<li><p>Add numpy include path</p></li>
+<li><p>Add protobuf include path</p></li>
+<li><p>In the preprocessor definitions of the singa_objects project, add USE_GLOG</p></li>
+<li><p>Build singa_objects project</p></li>
+<li><p>In singa project:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>add singa_wrap.obj to Object Libraries</li>
+<li>change target name to _singa_wrap</li>
+<li>change target extension to .pyd</li>
+<li>change configuration type to Dynamic Library (.dll)</li>
+<li>go to Additional Library Directories and add the path to python, openblas,
+protobuf and glog libraries</li>
+<li>go to Additional Dependencies and add libopenblas.lib, libglog.lib and
+libprotobuf.lib</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>build singa project</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="install-python-module"></a><a href="#install-python-module" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Install Python module</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Change <code>_singa_wrap.so</code> to <code>_singa_wrap.pyd</code> in build/python/setup.py</p></li>
+<li><p>Copy the files in <code>src/proto/python_out</code> to <code>build/python/singa/proto</code></p></li>
+<li><p>Optionally create and activate a virtual environment:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir SingaEnv
+virtualenv SingaEnv
+SingaEnv\Scripts\activate
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>go to build/python folder and run:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python setup.py install
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Make _singa_wrap.pyd, libglog.dll and libopenblas.dll available by adding
+them to the path or by copying them to singa package folder in the python
+site-packages</p></li>
+<li><p>Verify that SINGA is installed by running:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python -c "from singa import tensor"
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<p>A video tutorial for the build process can be found here:</p>
+<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cteER7WeiGk"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/cteER7WeiGk/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="run-unit-tests"></a><a href="#run-unit-tests" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Run Unit Tests</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>In the test folder, generate the Visual Studio solution:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Open the generated solution in Visual Studio.</p></li>
+<li><p>Change the build settings to Release and x64.</p></li>
+<li><p>Build glog project.</p></li>
+<li><p>In test_singa project:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Add USE_GLOG to the Preprocessor Definitions.</li>
+<li>In Additional Include Directories, add path of GLOG_INCLUDE_DIR,
+CBLAS_INCLUDE_DIR and Protobuf_INCLUDE_DIR which were used in step 2 above.
+Add also build and build/include folders.</li>
+<li>Go to Additional Library Directories and add the path to openblas, protobuf
+and glog libraries. Add also build/src/singa_objects.dir/Release.</li>
+<li>Go to Additional Dependencies and add libopenblas.lib, libglog.lib and
+libprotobuf.lib. Fix the names of the two libraries: gtest.lib and
+singa_objects.lib.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Build test_singa project.</p></li>
+<li><p>Make libglog.dll and libopenblas.dll available by adding them to the path or
+by copying them to test/release folder</p></li>
+<li><p>The unit tests can be executed</p>
+<ul>
+<li>From the command line:</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">test_singa.exe
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>From Visual Studio:
+<ul>
+<li>right click on the test_singa project and choose 'Set as StartUp Project'.</li>
+<li>from the Debug menu, choose 'Start Without Debugging'</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>A video tutorial for running the unit tests can be found here:</p>
+<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=393gPtzMN1k"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/393gPtzMN1k/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="build-gpu-support-with-cuda"></a><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Build GPU support with CUDA</h2>
+<p>In this section, we will extend the previous steps to enable GPU.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="install-dependencies-1"></a><a href="#install-dependencies-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Install Dependencies</h3>
+<p>In addition to the dependencies in section 1 above, we will need the following:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>CUDA</p>
+<p>Download a suitable version such as 9.1 from
+<a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads">https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads</a> . Make sure to install the Visual
+Studio integration module.</p></li>
+<li><p>cuDNN</p>
+<p>Download a suitable version such as 7.1 from
+<a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn">https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn</a></p></li>
+<li><p>cnmem:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Download the latest version from <a href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/cnmem">https://github.com/NVIDIA/cnmem</a></li>
+<li>Build the Visual Studio solution:</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>Open the generated solution in Visual Studio.</li>
+<li>Change the build settings to Release and x64.</li>
+<li>Build the cnmem project.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="build-singa-source-1"></a><a href="#build-singa-source-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Build SINGA source</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>Call cmake and add the paths in your system similar to the following example:
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64" ^
+ -DGLOG_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/glog-0.3.5/src/windows" ^
+ -DGLOG_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/glog-0.3.5/x64/Release" ^
+ -DCBLAS_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/openblas-0.2.20/lapack-netlib/CBLAS/include" ^
+ -DCBLAS_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/openblas-0.2.20/lib/RELEASE" ^
+ -DProtobuf_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protobuf-2.6.1/src" ^
+ -DProtobuf_LIBRARIES="D:\WinSinga/dependencies/protobuf-2.6.1/vsprojects/x64/Release" ^
+ -DProtobuf_PROTOC_EXECUTABLE="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protoc-2.6.1-win32/protoc.exe" ^
+ -DCUDNN_INCLUDE_DIR=D:\WinSinga\dependencies\cudnn-9.1-windows10-x64-v7.1\cuda\include ^
+ -DCUDNN_LIBRARIES=D:\WinSinga\dependencies\cudnn-9.1-windows10-x64-v7.1\cuda\lib\x64 ^
+ -DSWIG_DIR=D:\WinSinga\dependencies\swigwin-3.0.12 ^
+ -DSWIG_EXECUTABLE=D:\WinSinga\dependencies\swigwin-3.0.12\swig.exe ^
+ -DUSE_CUDA=YES ^
+ -DCUDNN_VERSION=7 ^
+ ..
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Generate swig interfaces for C++ and Python: Go to src/api</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">swig -python -c++ singa.i
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Open the generated solution in Visual Studio</p></li>
+<li><p>Change the build settings to Release and x64</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="building-singa_objects"></a><a href="#building-singa_objects" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Building singa_objects</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>Add the singa_wrap.cxx file from src/api to the singa_objects project</li>
+<li>In the singa_objects project, open Additional Include Directories.</li>
+<li>Add Python include path</li>
+<li>Add numpy include path</li>
+<li>Add protobuf include path</li>
+<li>Add include path for CUDA, cuDNN and cnmem</li>
+<li>In the preprocessor definitions of the singa_objects project, add USE_GLOG,
+USE_CUDA and USE_CUDNN. Remove DISABLE_WARNINGS.</li>
+<li>Build singa_objects project</li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="building-singa-kernel"></a><a href="#building-singa-kernel" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Building singa-kernel</h4>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Create a new Visual Studio project of type "CUDA 9.1 Runtime". Give it a name
+such as singa-kernel.</p></li>
+<li><p>The project comes with an initial file called kernel.cu. Remove this file from
+the project.</p></li>
+<li><p>Add this file: src/core/tensor/math_kernel.cu</p></li>
+<li><p>In the project settings:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Set Platform Toolset to "Visual Studio 2015 (v140)"</li>
+<li>Set Configuration Type to " Static Library (.lib)"</li>
+<li>In the Include Directories, add build/include.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Build singa-kernel project</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="building-singa"></a><a href="#building-singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Building singa</h4>
+<ul>
+<li><p>In singa project:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>add singa_wrap.obj to Object Libraries</li>
+<li>change target name to _singa_wrap</li>
+<li>change target extension to .pyd</li>
+<li>change configuration type to Dynamic Library (.dll)</li>
+<li>go to Additional Library Directories and add the path to python, openblas,
+protobuf and glog libraries</li>
+<li>Add also the library path to singa-kernel, cnmem, cuda and cudnn.</li>
+<li>go to Additional Dependencies and add libopenblas.lib, libglog.lib and
+libprotobuf.lib.</li>
+<li>Add also: singa-kernel.lib, cnmem.lib, cudnn.lib, cuda.lib , cublas.lib,
+curand.lib and cudart.lib.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>build singa project</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="install-python-module-1"></a><a href="#install-python-module-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Install Python module</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Change _singa_wrap.so to _singa_wrap.pyd in build/python/setup.py</p></li>
+<li><p>Copy the files in src/proto/python_out to build/python/singa/proto</p></li>
+<li><p>Optionally create and activate a virtual environment:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir SingaEnv
+virtualenv SingaEnv
+SingaEnv\Scripts\activate
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>go to build/python folder and run:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python setup.py install
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Make _singa_wrap.pyd, libglog.dll, libopenblas.dll, cnmem.dll, CUDA Runtime
+(e.g. cudart64_91.dll) and cuDNN (e.g. cudnn64_7.dll) available by adding them
+to the path or by copying them to singa package folder in the python
+site-packages</p></li>
+<li><p>Verify that SINGA is installed by running:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python -c "from singa import device; dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()"
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<p>A video tutorial for this part can be found here:</p>
+<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YasKVjRtuDs"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YasKVjRtuDs/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="run-unit-tests-1"></a><a href="#run-unit-tests-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Run Unit Tests</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><p>In the test folder, generate the Visual Studio solution:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Open the generated solution in Visual Studio, or add the project to the singa
+solution that was created in step 5.2</p></li>
+<li><p>Change the build settings to Release and x64.</p></li>
+<li><p>Build glog project.</p></li>
+<li><p>In test_singa project:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Add USE_GLOG; USE_CUDA; USE_CUDNN to the Preprocessor Definitions.</li>
+<li>In Additional Include Directories, add path of GLOG_INCLUDE_DIR,
+CBLAS_INCLUDE_DIR and Protobuf_INCLUDE_DIR which were used in step 5.2
+above. Add also build, build/include, CUDA and cuDNN include folders.</li>
+<li>Go to Additional Library Directories and add the path to openblas, protobuf
+and glog libraries. Add also build/src/singa_objects.dir/Release,
+singa-kernel, cnmem, CUDA and cuDNN library paths.</li>
+<li>Go to Additional Dependencies and add libopenblas.lib; libglog.lib;
+libprotobuf.lib; cnmem.lib; cudnn.lib; cuda.lib; cublas.lib; curand.lib;
+cudart.lib; singa-kernel.lib. Fix the names of the two libraries: gtest.lib
+and singa_objects.lib.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Build test_singa project.</p></li>
+<li><p>Make libglog.dll, libopenblas.dll, cnmem.dll, cudart64_91.dll and
+cudnn64_7.dll available by adding them to the path or by copying them to
+test/release folder</p></li>
+<li><p>The unit tests can be executed</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>From the command line:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">test_singa.exe
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>From Visual Studio:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>right click on the test_singa project and choose 'Set as StartUp Project'.</li>
+<li>from the Debug menu, choose 'Start Without Debugging'</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>A video tutorial for running the unit tests can be found here:</p>
+<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOjwtrvTPn4"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YOjwtrvTPn4/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
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@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Build SINGA on Windows · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Build SINGA on Windows · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/install-win.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Build SINGA on Windows</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>The process of building SINGA from source on Microsoft Windows has four parts:
+install dependencies, build SINGA source, (optionally) install the python module
+and (optionally) run the unit tests.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="install-dependencies"></a><a href="#install-dependencies" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Install Dependencies</h2>
+<p>You may create a folder for building the dependencies.</p>
+<p>The dependencies are:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Compiler and IDE</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Visual Studio. The community edition is free and can be used to build SINGA.
+<a href="https://www.visualstudio.com/">https://www.visualstudio.com/</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>CMake</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Can be downloaded from <a href="http://cmake.org/">http://cmake.org/</a></li>
+<li>Make sure the path to cmake executable is in the system path, or use full
+path when calling cmake.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>SWIG</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Can be downloaded from <a href="http://swig.org/">http://swig.org/</a></li>
+<li>Make sure the path to swig executable is in the system path, or use full
+path when calling swig. Use a recent version such as 3.0.12.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Protocol Buffers</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Download a suitable version such as 2.6.1:
+<a href="https://github.com/google/protobuf/releases/tag/v2.6.1">https://github.com/google/protobuf/releases/tag/v2.6.1</a> .</li>
+<li>Download both protobuf-2.6.1.zip and protoc-2.6.1-win32.zip .</li>
+<li>Extract both of them in dependencies folder. Add the path to protoc
+executable to the system path, or use full path when calling it.</li>
+<li>Open the Visual Studio solution which can be found in vsproject folder.</li>
+<li>Change the build settings to Release and x64.</li>
+<li>build libprotobuf project.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Openblas</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Download a suitable source version such as 0.2.20 from
+<a href="http://www.openblas.net">http://www.openblas.net</a></li>
+<li>Extract the source in the dependencies folder.</li>
+<li>If you don't have Perl installed, download a perl environment such as
+Strawberry Perl (<a href="http://strawberryperl.com/">http://strawberryperl.com/</a>)</li>
+<li>Build the Visual Studio solution by running this command in the source
+folder:</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">cmake -G <span class="hljs-string">"Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>Open the Visual Studio solution and change the build settings to Release and
+x64.</li>
+<li>Build libopenblas project</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Google glog</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Download a suitable version such as 0.3.5 from
+<a href="https://github.com/google/glog/releases">https://github.com/google/glog/releases</a></li>
+<li>Extract the source in the dependencies folder.</li>
+<li>Open the Visual Studio solution.</li>
+<li>Change the build settings to Release and x64.</li>
+<li>Build libglog project</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="build-singa-source"></a><a href="#build-singa-source" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Build SINGA source</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Download SINGA source code</p></li>
+<li><p>Compile the protobuf files:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Go to src/proto folder</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir python_out
+protoc.exe *.proto --python_out python_out
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Generate swig interfaces for C++ and Python: Go to src/api</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">swig -python -c++ singa.i
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>generate Visual Studio solution for SINGA: Go to SINGA source code root folder</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir build
+cd build
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Call cmake and add the paths in your system similar to the following example:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64" ^
+ -DGLOG_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/glog-0.3.5/src/windows" ^
+ -DGLOG_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/glog-0.3.5/x64/Release" ^
+ -DCBLAS_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/openblas-0.2.20/lapack-netlib/CBLAS/include" ^
+ -DCBLAS_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/openblas-0.2.20/lib/RELEASE" ^
+ -DProtobuf_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protobuf-2.6.1/src" ^
+ -DProtobuf_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protobuf-2.6.1/vsprojects/x64/Release" ^
+ -DProtobuf_PROTOC_EXECUTABLE="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protoc-2.6.1-win32/protoc.exe" ^
+ ..
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Open the generated solution in Visual Studio</p></li>
+<li><p>Change the build settings to Release and x64</p></li>
+<li><p>Add the singa_wrap.cxx file from src/api to the singa_objects project</p></li>
+<li><p>In the singa_objects project, open Additional Include Directories.</p></li>
+<li><p>Add Python include path</p></li>
+<li><p>Add numpy include path</p></li>
+<li><p>Add protobuf include path</p></li>
+<li><p>In the preprocessor definitions of the singa_objects project, add USE_GLOG</p></li>
+<li><p>Build singa_objects project</p></li>
+<li><p>In singa project:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>add singa_wrap.obj to Object Libraries</li>
+<li>change target name to _singa_wrap</li>
+<li>change target extension to .pyd</li>
+<li>change configuration type to Dynamic Library (.dll)</li>
+<li>go to Additional Library Directories and add the path to python, openblas,
+protobuf and glog libraries</li>
+<li>go to Additional Dependencies and add libopenblas.lib, libglog.lib and
+libprotobuf.lib</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>build singa project</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="install-python-module"></a><a href="#install-python-module" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Install Python module</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Change <code>_singa_wrap.so</code> to <code>_singa_wrap.pyd</code> in build/python/setup.py</p></li>
+<li><p>Copy the files in <code>src/proto/python_out</code> to <code>build/python/singa/proto</code></p></li>
+<li><p>Optionally create and activate a virtual environment:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir SingaEnv
+virtualenv SingaEnv
+SingaEnv\Scripts\activate
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>go to build/python folder and run:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python setup.py install
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Make _singa_wrap.pyd, libglog.dll and libopenblas.dll available by adding
+them to the path or by copying them to singa package folder in the python
+site-packages</p></li>
+<li><p>Verify that SINGA is installed by running:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python -c "from singa import tensor"
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<p>A video tutorial for the build process can be found here:</p>
+<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cteER7WeiGk"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/cteER7WeiGk/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="run-unit-tests"></a><a href="#run-unit-tests" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Run Unit Tests</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>In the test folder, generate the Visual Studio solution:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Open the generated solution in Visual Studio.</p></li>
+<li><p>Change the build settings to Release and x64.</p></li>
+<li><p>Build glog project.</p></li>
+<li><p>In test_singa project:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Add USE_GLOG to the Preprocessor Definitions.</li>
+<li>In Additional Include Directories, add path of GLOG_INCLUDE_DIR,
+CBLAS_INCLUDE_DIR and Protobuf_INCLUDE_DIR which were used in step 2 above.
+Add also build and build/include folders.</li>
+<li>Go to Additional Library Directories and add the path to openblas, protobuf
+and glog libraries. Add also build/src/singa_objects.dir/Release.</li>
+<li>Go to Additional Dependencies and add libopenblas.lib, libglog.lib and
+libprotobuf.lib. Fix the names of the two libraries: gtest.lib and
+singa_objects.lib.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Build test_singa project.</p></li>
+<li><p>Make libglog.dll and libopenblas.dll available by adding them to the path or
+by copying them to test/release folder</p></li>
+<li><p>The unit tests can be executed</p>
+<ul>
+<li>From the command line:</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">test_singa.exe
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>From Visual Studio:
+<ul>
+<li>right click on the test_singa project and choose 'Set as StartUp Project'.</li>
+<li>from the Debug menu, choose 'Start Without Debugging'</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>A video tutorial for running the unit tests can be found here:</p>
+<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=393gPtzMN1k"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/393gPtzMN1k/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="build-gpu-support-with-cuda"></a><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Build GPU support with CUDA</h2>
+<p>In this section, we will extend the previous steps to enable GPU.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="install-dependencies-1"></a><a href="#install-dependencies-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Install Dependencies</h3>
+<p>In addition to the dependencies in section 1 above, we will need the following:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>CUDA</p>
+<p>Download a suitable version such as 9.1 from
+<a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads">https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads</a> . Make sure to install the Visual
+Studio integration module.</p></li>
+<li><p>cuDNN</p>
+<p>Download a suitable version such as 7.1 from
+<a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn">https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn</a></p></li>
+<li><p>cnmem:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Download the latest version from <a href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/cnmem">https://github.com/NVIDIA/cnmem</a></li>
+<li>Build the Visual Studio solution:</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>Open the generated solution in Visual Studio.</li>
+<li>Change the build settings to Release and x64.</li>
+<li>Build the cnmem project.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="build-singa-source-1"></a><a href="#build-singa-source-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Build SINGA source</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>Call cmake and add the paths in your system similar to the following example:
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64" ^
+ -DGLOG_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/glog-0.3.5/src/windows" ^
+ -DGLOG_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/glog-0.3.5/x64/Release" ^
+ -DCBLAS_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/openblas-0.2.20/lapack-netlib/CBLAS/include" ^
+ -DCBLAS_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/openblas-0.2.20/lib/RELEASE" ^
+ -DProtobuf_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protobuf-2.6.1/src" ^
+ -DProtobuf_LIBRARIES="D:\WinSinga/dependencies/protobuf-2.6.1/vsprojects/x64/Release" ^
+ -DProtobuf_PROTOC_EXECUTABLE="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protoc-2.6.1-win32/protoc.exe" ^
+ -DCUDNN_INCLUDE_DIR=D:\WinSinga\dependencies\cudnn-9.1-windows10-x64-v7.1\cuda\include ^
+ -DCUDNN_LIBRARIES=D:\WinSinga\dependencies\cudnn-9.1-windows10-x64-v7.1\cuda\lib\x64 ^
+ -DSWIG_DIR=D:\WinSinga\dependencies\swigwin-3.0.12 ^
+ -DSWIG_EXECUTABLE=D:\WinSinga\dependencies\swigwin-3.0.12\swig.exe ^
+ -DUSE_CUDA=YES ^
+ -DCUDNN_VERSION=7 ^
+ ..
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Generate swig interfaces for C++ and Python: Go to src/api</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">swig -python -c++ singa.i
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Open the generated solution in Visual Studio</p></li>
+<li><p>Change the build settings to Release and x64</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="building-singa_objects"></a><a href="#building-singa_objects" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Building singa_objects</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>Add the singa_wrap.cxx file from src/api to the singa_objects project</li>
+<li>In the singa_objects project, open Additional Include Directories.</li>
+<li>Add Python include path</li>
+<li>Add numpy include path</li>
+<li>Add protobuf include path</li>
+<li>Add include path for CUDA, cuDNN and cnmem</li>
+<li>In the preprocessor definitions of the singa_objects project, add USE_GLOG,
+USE_CUDA and USE_CUDNN. Remove DISABLE_WARNINGS.</li>
+<li>Build singa_objects project</li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="building-singa-kernel"></a><a href="#building-singa-kernel" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Building singa-kernel</h4>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Create a new Visual Studio project of type "CUDA 9.1 Runtime". Give it a name
+such as singa-kernel.</p></li>
+<li><p>The project comes with an initial file called kernel.cu. Remove this file from
+the project.</p></li>
+<li><p>Add this file: src/core/tensor/math_kernel.cu</p></li>
+<li><p>In the project settings:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Set Platform Toolset to "Visual Studio 2015 (v140)"</li>
+<li>Set Configuration Type to " Static Library (.lib)"</li>
+<li>In the Include Directories, add build/include.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Build singa-kernel project</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="building-singa"></a><a href="#building-singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Building singa</h4>
+<ul>
+<li><p>In singa project:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>add singa_wrap.obj to Object Libraries</li>
+<li>change target name to _singa_wrap</li>
+<li>change target extension to .pyd</li>
+<li>change configuration type to Dynamic Library (.dll)</li>
+<li>go to Additional Library Directories and add the path to python, openblas,
+protobuf and glog libraries</li>
+<li>Add also the library path to singa-kernel, cnmem, cuda and cudnn.</li>
+<li>go to Additional Dependencies and add libopenblas.lib, libglog.lib and
+libprotobuf.lib.</li>
+<li>Add also: singa-kernel.lib, cnmem.lib, cudnn.lib, cuda.lib , cublas.lib,
+curand.lib and cudart.lib.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>build singa project</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="install-python-module-1"></a><a href="#install-python-module-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Install Python module</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Change _singa_wrap.so to _singa_wrap.pyd in build/python/setup.py</p></li>
+<li><p>Copy the files in src/proto/python_out to build/python/singa/proto</p></li>
+<li><p>Optionally create and activate a virtual environment:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir SingaEnv
+virtualenv SingaEnv
+SingaEnv\Scripts\activate
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>go to build/python folder and run:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python setup.py install
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Make _singa_wrap.pyd, libglog.dll, libopenblas.dll, cnmem.dll, CUDA Runtime
+(e.g. cudart64_91.dll) and cuDNN (e.g. cudnn64_7.dll) available by adding them
+to the path or by copying them to singa package folder in the python
+site-packages</p></li>
+<li><p>Verify that SINGA is installed by running:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python -c "from singa import device; dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()"
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<p>A video tutorial for this part can be found here:</p>
+<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YasKVjRtuDs"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YasKVjRtuDs/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="run-unit-tests-1"></a><a href="#run-unit-tests-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Run Unit Tests</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><p>In the test folder, generate the Visual Studio solution:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Open the generated solution in Visual Studio, or add the project to the singa
+solution that was created in step 5.2</p></li>
+<li><p>Change the build settings to Release and x64.</p></li>
+<li><p>Build glog project.</p></li>
+<li><p>In test_singa project:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Add USE_GLOG; USE_CUDA; USE_CUDNN to the Preprocessor Definitions.</li>
+<li>In Additional Include Directories, add path of GLOG_INCLUDE_DIR,
+CBLAS_INCLUDE_DIR and Protobuf_INCLUDE_DIR which were used in step 5.2
+above. Add also build, build/include, CUDA and cuDNN include folders.</li>
+<li>Go to Additional Library Directories and add the path to openblas, protobuf
+and glog libraries. Add also build/src/singa_objects.dir/Release,
+singa-kernel, cnmem, CUDA and cuDNN library paths.</li>
+<li>Go to Additional Dependencies and add libopenblas.lib; libglog.lib;
+libprotobuf.lib; cnmem.lib; cudnn.lib; cuda.lib; cublas.lib; curand.lib;
+cudart.lib; singa-kernel.lib. Fix the names of the two libraries: gtest.lib
+and singa_objects.lib.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Build test_singa project.</p></li>
+<li><p>Make libglog.dll, libopenblas.dll, cnmem.dll, cudart64_91.dll and
+cudnn64_7.dll available by adding them to the path or by copying them to
+test/release folder</p></li>
+<li><p>The unit tests can be executed</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>From the command line:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">test_singa.exe
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>From Visual Studio:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>right click on the test_singa project and choose 'Set as StartUp Project'.</li>
+<li>from the Debug menu, choose 'Start Without Debugging'</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>A video tutorial for running the unit tests can be found here:</p>
+<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOjwtrvTPn4"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YOjwtrvTPn4/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="using-pip"></a><a href="#using-pip" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Using Pip</h2>
+<p><a href="https://conda.io/miniconda.html">Miniconda3</a> is recommended to use with SINGA.
+After installing miniconda, execute the one of the following commands to install
+SINGA.</p>
+<p><strong>SINGA works with python 3.6, 3.7 and 3.8.</strong></p>
+<ol>
+<li>CPU only
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/17RA056Brwk0vBQTFaZ-l9EbqwADO0NA9?usp=sharing"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">pip install singa -f http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-cpu.html --trusted-host singa.apache.org
+</code></pre>
+<p>You can install a specific version of SINGA via <code>singa==<version></code>, where the
+<code><version></code> field should be replaced, e.g., <code>3.3.0</code>. The available SINGA
+versions are listed at the link.</p>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>GPU With CUDA and cuDNN
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1W30IPCqj5fG8ADAQsFqclaCLyIclVcJL?usp=sharing"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">pip install singa -f http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-gpu.html --trusted-host singa.apache.org
+</code></pre>
+<p>You can also configure SINGA version and the CUDA version, like
+<code>singa==3.3.0+cuda10.2</code>. The available combinations of SINGA version and CUDA
+version are listed at the link.</p>
+<p>Note: the Python version of your local Python environment will be used to find
+the corresponding wheel package. For example, if your local Python is 3.6, then
+the wheel package compiled on Python 3.6 will be selected by pip and installed.
+In fact, the wheel file's name include SINGA version, CUDA version and Python
+version. Therefore, <code>pip</code> knows which wheel file to download and install.</p>
+<p>Refer to the comments at the top of the <code>setup.py</code> file for how to build the
+wheel packages.</p>
+<p>If there is no error message from</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python -c <span class="hljs-string">"from singa import tensor"</span></span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>then SINGA is installed successfully.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="using-docker"></a><a href="#using-docker" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Using Docker</h2>
+<p>Install Docker on your local host machine following the
+<a href="https://docs.docker.com/install/">instructions</a>. Add your user into the
+<a href="https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/linux-postinstall/">docker group</a> to run
+docker commands without <code>sudo</code>.</p>
+<ol>
+<li>CPU-only.</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> docker run -it apache/singa:X.Y.Z-cpu-ubuntu16.04 /bin/bash</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>With GPU enabled. Install
+<a href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker">Nvidia-Docker</a> after install
+Docker.</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> nvidia-docker run -it apache/singa:X.Y.Z-cuda9.0-cudnn7.4.2-ubuntu16.04 /bin/bash</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>For the complete list of SINGA Docker images (tags), visit the
+<a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/apache/singa/">docker hub site</a>. For each docker
+image, the tag is named as</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">version-(cpu|gpu)[-devel]
+</code></pre>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Tag</th><th>Description</th><th>Example value</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><code>version</code></td><td>SINGA version</td><td>'2.0.0-rc0', '2.0.0', '1.2.0'</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>cpu</code></td><td>the image cannot run on GPUs</td><td>'cpu'</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>gpu</code></td><td>the image can run on Nvidia GPUs</td><td>'gpu', or 'cudax.x-cudnnx.x' e.g., 'cuda10.0-cudnn7.3'</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>devel</code></td><td>indicator for development</td><td>if absent, SINGA Python package is installed for runtime only; if present, the building environment is also created, you can recompile SINGA from source at '/root/singa'</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>OS</code></td><td>indicate OS version number</td><td>'ubuntu16.04', 'ubuntu18.04'</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="from-source"></a><a href="#from-source" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>From source</h2>
+<p>You can <a href="/docs/3.3.0/build">build and install SINGA</a> from the source code using native
+building tools or conda-build, on local host OS or in a Docker container.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="faq"></a><a href="#faq" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>FAQ</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: Error from <code>from singa import tensor</code></p>
+<p>A: Check the detailed error from</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python -c "from singa import _singa_wrap"
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> go to the folder of _singa_wrap.so</span>
+ldd path to _singa_wrap.so
+python
+<span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash">> import importlib</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash">> importlib.import_module(<span class="hljs-string">'_singa_wrap'</span>)</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>The folder of <code>_singa_wrap.so</code> is like
+<code>~/miniconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/singa</code>. Normally, the error is
+caused by the mismatch or missing of dependent libraries, e.g. cuDNN or
+protobuf. The solution is to create a new virtual environment and install
+SINGA in that environment, e.g.,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda create -n singa
+conda activate singa
+conda install -c nusdbsystem -c conda-forge singa-cpu
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: When using virtual environment, every time I install SINGA, numpy would be
+reinstalled. However, the numpy is not used when I run <code>import numpy</code></p>
+<p>A: It could be caused by the <code>PYTHONPATH</code> environment variable which should be
+set to empty when you are using virtual environment to avoid the conflicts
+with the path of the virtual environment.</p></li>
+<li><p>Q: When I run SINGA in Mac OS X, I got the error "Fatal Python error:
+PyThreadState_Get: no current thread Abort trap: 6"</p>
+<p>A: This error happens typically when you have multiple versions of Python in
+your system, e.g, the one comes with the OS and the one installed by Homebrew.
+The Python linked by SINGA must be the same as the Python interpreter. You can
+check your interpreter by <code>which python</code> and check the Python linked by SINGA
+via <code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>. This problem should be resolved if
+SINGA is installed via conda.</p></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 6/1/2022</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#using-pip">Using Pip</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="using-pip"></a><a href="#using-pip" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Using Pip</h2>
+<p><a href="https://conda.io/miniconda.html">Miniconda3</a> is recommended to use with SINGA.
+After installing miniconda, execute the one of the following commands to install
+SINGA.</p>
+<p><strong>SINGA works with python 3.6, 3.7 and 3.8.</strong></p>
+<ol>
+<li>CPU only
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/17RA056Brwk0vBQTFaZ-l9EbqwADO0NA9?usp=sharing"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">pip install singa -f http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-cpu.html --trusted-host singa.apache.org
+</code></pre>
+<p>You can install a specific version of SINGA via <code>singa==<version></code>, where the
+<code><version></code> field should be replaced, e.g., <code>3.3.0</code>. The available SINGA
+versions are listed at the link.</p>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>GPU With CUDA and cuDNN
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1W30IPCqj5fG8ADAQsFqclaCLyIclVcJL?usp=sharing"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">pip install singa -f http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-gpu.html --trusted-host singa.apache.org
+</code></pre>
+<p>You can also configure SINGA version and the CUDA version, like
+<code>singa==3.3.0+cuda10.2</code>. The available combinations of SINGA version and CUDA
+version are listed at the link.</p>
+<p>Note: the Python version of your local Python environment will be used to find
+the corresponding wheel package. For example, if your local Python is 3.6, then
+the wheel package compiled on Python 3.6 will be selected by pip and installed.
+In fact, the wheel file's name include SINGA version, CUDA version and Python
+version. Therefore, <code>pip</code> knows which wheel file to download and install.</p>
+<p>Refer to the comments at the top of the <code>setup.py</code> file for how to build the
+wheel packages.</p>
+<p>If there is no error message from</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python -c <span class="hljs-string">"from singa import tensor"</span></span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>then SINGA is installed successfully.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="using-docker"></a><a href="#using-docker" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Using Docker</h2>
+<p>Install Docker on your local host machine following the
+<a href="https://docs.docker.com/install/">instructions</a>. Add your user into the
+<a href="https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/linux-postinstall/">docker group</a> to run
+docker commands without <code>sudo</code>.</p>
+<ol>
+<li>CPU-only.</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> docker run -it apache/singa:X.Y.Z-cpu-ubuntu16.04 /bin/bash</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>With GPU enabled. Install
+<a href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker">Nvidia-Docker</a> after install
+Docker.</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> nvidia-docker run -it apache/singa:X.Y.Z-cuda9.0-cudnn7.4.2-ubuntu16.04 /bin/bash</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>For the complete list of SINGA Docker images (tags), visit the
+<a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/apache/singa/">docker hub site</a>. For each docker
+image, the tag is named as</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">version-(cpu|gpu)[-devel]
+</code></pre>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Tag</th><th>Description</th><th>Example value</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><code>version</code></td><td>SINGA version</td><td>'2.0.0-rc0', '2.0.0', '1.2.0'</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>cpu</code></td><td>the image cannot run on GPUs</td><td>'cpu'</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>gpu</code></td><td>the image can run on Nvidia GPUs</td><td>'gpu', or 'cudax.x-cudnnx.x' e.g., 'cuda10.0-cudnn7.3'</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>devel</code></td><td>indicator for development</td><td>if absent, SINGA Python package is installed for runtime only; if present, the building environment is also created, you can recompile SINGA from source at '/root/singa'</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>OS</code></td><td>indicate OS version number</td><td>'ubuntu16.04', 'ubuntu18.04'</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="from-source"></a><a href="#from-source" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>From source</h2>
+<p>You can <a href="/docs/3.3.0/build">build and install SINGA</a> from the source code using native
+building tools or conda-build, on local host OS or in a Docker container.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="faq"></a><a href="#faq" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>FAQ</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: Error from <code>from singa import tensor</code></p>
+<p>A: Check the detailed error from</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python -c "from singa import _singa_wrap"
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> go to the folder of _singa_wrap.so</span>
+ldd path to _singa_wrap.so
+python
+<span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash">> import importlib</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash">> importlib.import_module(<span class="hljs-string">'_singa_wrap'</span>)</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>The folder of <code>_singa_wrap.so</code> is like
+<code>~/miniconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/singa</code>. Normally, the error is
+caused by the mismatch or missing of dependent libraries, e.g. cuDNN or
+protobuf. The solution is to create a new virtual environment and install
+SINGA in that environment, e.g.,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda create -n singa
+conda activate singa
+conda install -c nusdbsystem -c conda-forge singa-cpu
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: When using virtual environment, every time I install SINGA, numpy would be
+reinstalled. However, the numpy is not used when I run <code>import numpy</code></p>
+<p>A: It could be caused by the <code>PYTHONPATH</code> environment variable which should be
+set to empty when you are using virtual environment to avoid the conflicts
+with the path of the virtual environment.</p></li>
+<li><p>Q: When I run SINGA in Mac OS X, I got the error "Fatal Python error:
+PyThreadState_Get: no current thread Abort trap: 6"</p>
+<p>A: This error happens typically when you have multiple versions of Python in
+your system, e.g, the one comes with the OS and the one installed by Homebrew.
+The Python linked by SINGA must be the same as the Python interpreter. You can
+check your interpreter by <code>which python</code> and check the Python linked by SINGA
+via <code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>. This problem should be resolved if
+SINGA is installed via conda.</p></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 6/1/2022</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#using-pip">Using Pip</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
+ if (e.target !== document.body) {
+ return;
+ }
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+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
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+ });
+ </script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/issue-tracking.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/issue-tracking.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d118500
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/issue-tracking.html
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Community</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Community</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository">Source Repository</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/mail-lists">Project Mailing Lists</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/issue-tracking">Issue Tracking</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/security">Security</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/team-list">The SINGA Team</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/history-singa">History of SINGA</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/issue-tracking.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Issue Tracking</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA used <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/singa">JIRA</a> to manage issues
+including bugs, new features and discussions.</p>
+<p>We are now moving to <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/issues">Github Issues</a>.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+ }
+ });
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+
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/issue-tracking/index.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/issue-tracking/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d118500
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/issue-tracking/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Community</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Community</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository">Source Repository</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/mail-lists">Project Mailing Lists</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/issue-tracking">Issue Tracking</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/security">Security</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/team-list">The SINGA Team</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/history-singa">History of SINGA</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+<p>SINGA used <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/singa">JIRA</a> to manage issues
+including bugs, new features and discussions.</p>
+<p>We are now moving to <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/issues">Github Issues</a>.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/layer.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/layer.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a96db0
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Layer · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Layer · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/layer/index.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/layer/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a96db0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/layer/index.html
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Layer · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Layer · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/loss.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/loss.html
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/loss/index.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/loss/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..914308e
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Project Mailing Lists · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Project Mailing Lists · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Community</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Community</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository">Source Repository</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/mail-lists">Project Mailing Lists</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/issue-tracking">Issue Tracking</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/security">Security</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/team-list">The SINGA Team</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/history-singa">History of SINGA</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+<p>These are the mailing lists that have been established for this project. For
+each list, there is a subscribe, unsubscribe, and an archive link.</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Name</th><th>Post</th><th>Subscribe</th><th>Unsubscribe</th><th>Archive</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Development</td><td><a href="mailto:dev@singa.incubator.apache.org">dev@singa.incubator.apache.org</a></td><td><a href="mailto:dev-subscribe@singa.incubator.apache.org">Subscribe</a></td><td><a href="mailto:dev-unsubscribe@singa.incubator.apache.org.">Unsubscribe</a></td><td><a href="http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/singa-dev/">mail-archives.apache.org</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Commits</td><td><a href="mailto:commits@singa.incubator.apache.org">commits@singa.incubator.apache.org</a></td><td><a href="mailto:commits-subscribe@singa.incubator.apache.org">Subscribe</a></td><td><a href="mailto:commits-unsubscribe@singa.incubator.apache.org">Unsubscribe</a></td><td><a href="http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/singa-commits/">mail-archives.apache.org</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Security</td><td><a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">security@singa.apache.org</a></td><td>private</td><td>private</td><td>private</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Source Repository</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/issue-tracking"><span>Issue Tracking</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/mail-lists/index.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/mail-lists/index.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/mail-lists/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Project Mailing Lists · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Project Mailing Lists · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<p>These are the mailing lists that have been established for this project. For
+each list, there is a subscribe, unsubscribe, and an archive link.</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Name</th><th>Post</th><th>Subscribe</th><th>Unsubscribe</th><th>Archive</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Development</td><td><a href="mailto:dev@singa.incubator.apache.org">dev@singa.incubator.apache.org</a></td><td><a href="mailto:dev-subscribe@singa.incubator.apache.org">Subscribe</a></td><td><a href="mailto:dev-unsubscribe@singa.incubator.apache.org.">Unsubscribe</a></td><td><a href="http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/singa-dev/">mail-archives.apache.org</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Commits</td><td><a href="mailto:commits@singa.incubator.apache.org">commits@singa.incubator.apache.org</a></td><td><a href="mailto:commits-subscribe@singa.incubator.apache.org">Subscribe</a></td><td><a href="mailto:commits-unsubscribe@singa.incubator.apache.org">Unsubscribe</a></td><td><a href="http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/singa-commits/">mail-archives.apache.org</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Security</td><td><a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">security@singa.apache.org</a></td><td>private</td><td>private</td><td>private</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/metric.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/metric.html
new file mode 100644
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
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new file mode 100644
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Train Char-RNN over plain text · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Train Char-RNN over plain text · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/model-zoo-char-rnn.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Train Char-RNN over plain text</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>Recurrent neural networks (RNN) are widely used for modelling sequential data, e.g., natural language sentences. This example describes how to implement a RNN application (or model) using SINGA's RNN layers. We will use the <a href="https://github.com/karpathy/char-rnn">char-rnn</a> model as an example, which trains over sentences or source code, with each character as an input unit. Particularly, we will train a RNN using GRU over Linux kernel source code. After training, we expect to generate meaningful code from the model.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="compile-and-install-singa"></a><a href="#compile-and-install-singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Compile and install SINGA.</h3>
+<p>Currently the RNN implementation depends on Cudnn with version >= 5.05.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="prepare-the-dataset"></a><a href="#prepare-the-dataset" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Prepare the dataset.</h3>
+<p>Download the <a href="http://cs.stanford.edu/people/karpathy/char-rnn/">kernel source code</a>. Other plain text files can also be used.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="start-the-training"></a><a href="#start-the-training" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Start the training,</h3>
+<blockquote>
+<p>Please <code>cd</code> to <code>singa/examples/char-rnn/</code> for the following commands</p>
+</blockquote>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python train.py linux_input.txt
+</code></pre>
+<p>Some hyper-parameters could be set through command line,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python train.py -h
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sample-characters"></a><a href="#sample-characters" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sample characters</h3>
+<p>Sample characters from the model by providing the number of characters to sample and the seed string.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python sample.py 'model.bin' 100 --seed '#include <std'
+</code></pre>
+<p>Please replace 'model.bin' with the path to one of the checkpoint paths.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Train Char-RNN over plain text · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Train Char-RNN over plain text · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<p>Recurrent neural networks (RNN) are widely used for modelling sequential data, e.g., natural language sentences. This example describes how to implement a RNN application (or model) using SINGA's RNN layers. We will use the <a href="https://github.com/karpathy/char-rnn">char-rnn</a> model as an example, which trains over sentences or source code, with each character as an input unit. Particularly, we will train a RNN using GRU over Linux kernel source code. After training, we expect to generate meaningful code from the model.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="compile-and-install-singa"></a><a href="#compile-and-install-singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Compile and install SINGA.</h3>
+<p>Currently the RNN implementation depends on Cudnn with version >= 5.05.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="prepare-the-dataset"></a><a href="#prepare-the-dataset" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Prepare the dataset.</h3>
+<p>Download the <a href="http://cs.stanford.edu/people/karpathy/char-rnn/">kernel source code</a>. Other plain text files can also be used.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="start-the-training"></a><a href="#start-the-training" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Start the training,</h3>
+<blockquote>
+<p>Please <code>cd</code> to <code>singa/examples/char-rnn/</code> for the following commands</p>
+</blockquote>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python train.py linux_input.txt
+</code></pre>
+<p>Some hyper-parameters could be set through command line,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python train.py -h
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sample-characters"></a><a href="#sample-characters" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sample characters</h3>
+<p>Sample characters from the model by providing the number of characters to sample and the seed string.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python sample.py 'model.bin' 100 --seed '#include <std'
+</code></pre>
+<p>Please replace 'model.bin' with the path to one of the checkpoint paths.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Train CNN over Cifar-10 · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Train CNN over Cifar-10 · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
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+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Train CNN over Cifar-10</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>Convolution neural network (CNN) is a type of feed-forward artificial neural network widely used for image and video classification. In this example, we will train three deep CNN models to do image classification for the CIFAR-10 dataset,</p>
+<ol>
+<li><p><a href="https://code.google.com/p/cuda-convnet/source/browse/trunk/example-layers/layers-18pct.cfg">AlexNet</a> the best validation accuracy (without data augmentation) we achieved was about 82%.</p></li>
+<li><p><a href="http://torch.ch/blog/2015/07/30/cifar.html">VGGNet</a>, the best validation accuracy (without data augmentation) we achieved was about 89%.</p></li>
+<li><p><a href="https://github.com/facebook/fb.resnet.torch">ResNet</a>, the best validation accuracy (without data augmentation) we achieved was about 83%.</p></li>
+<li><p><a href="https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/tree/master/examples/cifar10">Alexnet from Caffe</a>, SINGA is able to convert model from Caffe seamlessly.</p></li>
+</ol>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="singa-installation"></a><a href="#singa-installation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SINGA installation</h3>
+<p>Users can compile and install SINGA from source or install the Python version. The code can ran on both CPU and GPU. For GPU training, CUDA and CUDNN (V4 or V5) are required. Please refer to the <a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation">installation page</a> for detailed instructions.</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>Please <code>cd</code> to <code>singa/examples/cifar10/</code> for the following commands</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="data-preparation"></a><a href="#data-preparation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Data preparation</h3>
+<p>The binary Cifar-10 dataset could be downloaded by</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python download_data.py bin
+</code></pre>
+<p>The Python version could be downloaded by</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python download_data.py py
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training"></a><a href="#training" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training</h3>
+<p>There are four training programs</p>
+<ol>
+<li><p><code>train.py</code>. The following command would train the VGG model using the python version of the Cifar-10 dataset in <code>cifar-10-batches-py</code> folder. <code>shell python train.py vgg cifar-10-batches-py</code></p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">To train other models, please replace 'vgg' to 'alexnet', 'resnet' or 'caffe',
+where 'caffe' refers to the alexnet model converted from Caffe. By default
+the training would run on a CudaGPU device, to run it on CppCPU, add an additional
+argument
+```shell
+python train.py vgg cifar-10-batches-py --use_cpu
+```
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p><code>alexnet.cc</code>. It trains the AlexNet model using the CPP APIs on a CudaGPU,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">./run.sh
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p><code>alexnet-parallel.cc</code>. It trains the AlexNet model using the CPP APIs on two CudaGPU devices. The two devices run synchronously to compute the gradients of the mode parameters, which are averaged on the host CPU device and then be applied to update the parameters. <code>shell ./run-parallel.sh</code></p></li>
+<li><p><code>vgg-parallel.cc</code>. It trains the VGG model using the CPP APIs on two CudaGPU devices similar to <code>alexnet-parallel.cc</code>.</p></li>
+</ol>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="prediction"></a><a href="#prediction" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Prediction</h3>
+<p><code>predict.py</code> includes the prediction function</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">predict</span><span class="hljs-params">(net, images, dev, topk=<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)</span>:</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>The net is created by loading the previously trained model; Images consist of a numpy array of images (one row per image); dev is the training device, e.g., a CudaGPU device or the host CppCPU device; It returns the topk labels for each instance.</p>
+<p>The predict.py file's main function provides an example of using the pre-trained alexnet model to do prediction for new images. The 'model.bin' file generated by the training program should be placed at the cifar10 folder to run</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python predict.py
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
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+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Train CNN over Cifar-10 · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Train CNN over Cifar-10 · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Train CNN over Cifar-10</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>Convolution neural network (CNN) is a type of feed-forward artificial neural network widely used for image and video classification. In this example, we will train three deep CNN models to do image classification for the CIFAR-10 dataset,</p>
+<ol>
+<li><p><a href="https://code.google.com/p/cuda-convnet/source/browse/trunk/example-layers/layers-18pct.cfg">AlexNet</a> the best validation accuracy (without data augmentation) we achieved was about 82%.</p></li>
+<li><p><a href="http://torch.ch/blog/2015/07/30/cifar.html">VGGNet</a>, the best validation accuracy (without data augmentation) we achieved was about 89%.</p></li>
+<li><p><a href="https://github.com/facebook/fb.resnet.torch">ResNet</a>, the best validation accuracy (without data augmentation) we achieved was about 83%.</p></li>
+<li><p><a href="https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/tree/master/examples/cifar10">Alexnet from Caffe</a>, SINGA is able to convert model from Caffe seamlessly.</p></li>
+</ol>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="singa-installation"></a><a href="#singa-installation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SINGA installation</h3>
+<p>Users can compile and install SINGA from source or install the Python version. The code can ran on both CPU and GPU. For GPU training, CUDA and CUDNN (V4 or V5) are required. Please refer to the <a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation">installation page</a> for detailed instructions.</p>
+<blockquote>
+<p>Please <code>cd</code> to <code>singa/examples/cifar10/</code> for the following commands</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="data-preparation"></a><a href="#data-preparation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Data preparation</h3>
+<p>The binary Cifar-10 dataset could be downloaded by</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python download_data.py bin
+</code></pre>
+<p>The Python version could be downloaded by</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python download_data.py py
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training"></a><a href="#training" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training</h3>
+<p>There are four training programs</p>
+<ol>
+<li><p><code>train.py</code>. The following command would train the VGG model using the python version of the Cifar-10 dataset in <code>cifar-10-batches-py</code> folder. <code>shell python train.py vgg cifar-10-batches-py</code></p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">To train other models, please replace 'vgg' to 'alexnet', 'resnet' or 'caffe',
+where 'caffe' refers to the alexnet model converted from Caffe. By default
+the training would run on a CudaGPU device, to run it on CppCPU, add an additional
+argument
+```shell
+python train.py vgg cifar-10-batches-py --use_cpu
+```
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p><code>alexnet.cc</code>. It trains the AlexNet model using the CPP APIs on a CudaGPU,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">./run.sh
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p><code>alexnet-parallel.cc</code>. It trains the AlexNet model using the CPP APIs on two CudaGPU devices. The two devices run synchronously to compute the gradients of the mode parameters, which are averaged on the host CPU device and then be applied to update the parameters. <code>shell ./run-parallel.sh</code></p></li>
+<li><p><code>vgg-parallel.cc</code>. It trains the VGG model using the CPP APIs on two CudaGPU devices similar to <code>alexnet-parallel.cc</code>.</p></li>
+</ol>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="prediction"></a><a href="#prediction" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Prediction</h3>
+<p><code>predict.py</code> includes the prediction function</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">predict</span><span class="hljs-params">(net, images, dev, topk=<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)</span>:</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>The net is created by loading the previously trained model; Images consist of a numpy array of images (one row per image); dev is the training device, e.g., a CudaGPU device or the host CppCPU device; It returns the topk labels for each instance.</p>
+<p>The predict.py file's main function provides an example of using the pre-trained alexnet model to do prediction for new images. The 'model.bin' file generated by the training program should be placed at the cifar10 folder to run</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python predict.py
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singa-installation">SINGA installation</a></li><li><a href="#data-preparation">Data preparation</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li><li><a href="#prediction">Prediction</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Train AlexNet over ImageNet · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Train AlexNet over ImageNet · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/model-zoo-imagenet-alexnet.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Train AlexNet over ImageNet</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>Convolution neural network (CNN) is a type of feed-forward neural network widely used for image and video classification. In this example, we will use a <a href="http://papers.nips.cc/paper/4824-imagenet-classification-with-deep-convolutional-neural-networks">deep CNN model</a> to do image classification against the ImageNet dataset.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="compile-singa"></a><a href="#compile-singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Compile SINGA</h3>
+<p>Please compile SINGA with CUDA, CUDNN and OpenCV. You can manually turn on the options in CMakeLists.txt or run <code>ccmake ..</code> in <code>build/</code> folder.</p>
+<p>We have tested CUDNN V4 and V5 (V5 requires CUDA 7.5)</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="data-download"></a><a href="#data-download" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Data download</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>Please refer to step1-3 on <a href="https://github.com/amd/OpenCL-caffe/wiki/Instructions-to-create-ImageNet-2012-data">Instructions to create ImageNet 2012 data</a> to download and decompress the data.</li>
+<li>You can download the training and validation list by <a href="https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/blob/master/data/ilsvrc12/get_ilsvrc_aux.sh">get_ilsvrc_aux.sh</a> or from <a href="http://www.image-net.org/download-images">Imagenet</a>.</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="data-preprocessing"></a><a href="#data-preprocessing" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Data preprocessing</h3>
+<blockquote>
+<p>Please <code>cd</code> to <code>singa/examples/imagenet/alexnet/</code> for the following commands</p>
+</blockquote>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Assuming you have downloaded the data and the list. Now we should transform the data into binary files. You can run:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sh create_data.sh
+</code></pre>
+<p>The script will generate a test file(<code>test.bin</code>), a mean file(<code>mean.bin</code>) and several training files(<code>trainX.bin</code>) in the specified output folder.</p></li>
+<li><p>You can also change the parameters in <code>create_data.sh</code>.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>-trainlist <file></code>: the file of training list;</li>
+<li><code>-trainfolder <folder></code>: the folder of training images;</li>
+<li><code>-testlist <file></code>: the file of test list;</li>
+<li><code>-testfolder <floder></code>: the folder of test images;</li>
+<li><code>-outdata <folder></code>: the folder to save output files, including mean, training and test files. The script will generate these files in the specified folder;</li>
+<li><code>-filesize <int></code>: number of training images that stores in each binary file.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training"></a><a href="#training" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><p>After preparing data, you can run the following command to train the Alexnet model.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sh run.sh
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>You may change the parameters in <code>run.sh</code>.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>-epoch <int></code>: number of epoch to be trained, default is 90;</li>
+<li><code>-lr <float></code>: base learning rate, the learning rate will decrease each 20 epochs, more specifically, <code>lr = lr * exp(0.1 * (epoch / 20))</code>;</li>
+<li><code>-batchsize <int></code>: batchsize, it should be changed regarding to your memory;</li>
+<li><code>-filesize <int></code>: number of training images that stores in each binary file, it is the same as the <code>filesize</code> in data preprocessing;</li>
+<li><code>-ntrain <int></code>: number of training images;</li>
+<li><code>-ntest <int></code>: number of test images;</li>
+<li><code>-data <folder></code>: the folder which stores the binary files, it is exactly the output folder in data preprocessing step;</li>
+<li><code>-pfreq <int></code>: the frequency(in batch) of printing current model status(loss and accuracy);</li>
+<li><code>-nthreads <int></code>: the number of threads to load data which feed to the model.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Train AlexNet over ImageNet · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Train AlexNet over ImageNet · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<p>Convolution neural network (CNN) is a type of feed-forward neural network widely used for image and video classification. In this example, we will use a <a href="http://papers.nips.cc/paper/4824-imagenet-classification-with-deep-convolutional-neural-networks">deep CNN model</a> to do image classification against the ImageNet dataset.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="compile-singa"></a><a href="#compile-singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Compile SINGA</h3>
+<p>Please compile SINGA with CUDA, CUDNN and OpenCV. You can manually turn on the options in CMakeLists.txt or run <code>ccmake ..</code> in <code>build/</code> folder.</p>
+<p>We have tested CUDNN V4 and V5 (V5 requires CUDA 7.5)</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="data-download"></a><a href="#data-download" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Data download</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>Please refer to step1-3 on <a href="https://github.com/amd/OpenCL-caffe/wiki/Instructions-to-create-ImageNet-2012-data">Instructions to create ImageNet 2012 data</a> to download and decompress the data.</li>
+<li>You can download the training and validation list by <a href="https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/blob/master/data/ilsvrc12/get_ilsvrc_aux.sh">get_ilsvrc_aux.sh</a> or from <a href="http://www.image-net.org/download-images">Imagenet</a>.</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="data-preprocessing"></a><a href="#data-preprocessing" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Data preprocessing</h3>
+<blockquote>
+<p>Please <code>cd</code> to <code>singa/examples/imagenet/alexnet/</code> for the following commands</p>
+</blockquote>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Assuming you have downloaded the data and the list. Now we should transform the data into binary files. You can run:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sh create_data.sh
+</code></pre>
+<p>The script will generate a test file(<code>test.bin</code>), a mean file(<code>mean.bin</code>) and several training files(<code>trainX.bin</code>) in the specified output folder.</p></li>
+<li><p>You can also change the parameters in <code>create_data.sh</code>.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>-trainlist <file></code>: the file of training list;</li>
+<li><code>-trainfolder <folder></code>: the folder of training images;</li>
+<li><code>-testlist <file></code>: the file of test list;</li>
+<li><code>-testfolder <floder></code>: the folder of test images;</li>
+<li><code>-outdata <folder></code>: the folder to save output files, including mean, training and test files. The script will generate these files in the specified folder;</li>
+<li><code>-filesize <int></code>: number of training images that stores in each binary file.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training"></a><a href="#training" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><p>After preparing data, you can run the following command to train the Alexnet model.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sh run.sh
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>You may change the parameters in <code>run.sh</code>.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>-epoch <int></code>: number of epoch to be trained, default is 90;</li>
+<li><code>-lr <float></code>: base learning rate, the learning rate will decrease each 20 epochs, more specifically, <code>lr = lr * exp(0.1 * (epoch / 20))</code>;</li>
+<li><code>-batchsize <int></code>: batchsize, it should be changed regarding to your memory;</li>
+<li><code>-filesize <int></code>: number of training images that stores in each binary file, it is the same as the <code>filesize</code> in data preprocessing;</li>
+<li><code>-ntrain <int></code>: number of training images;</li>
+<li><code>-ntest <int></code>: number of test images;</li>
+<li><code>-data <folder></code>: the folder which stores the binary files, it is exactly the output folder in data preprocessing step;</li>
+<li><code>-pfreq <int></code>: the frequency(in batch) of printing current model status(loss and accuracy);</li>
+<li><code>-nthreads <int></code>: the number of threads to load data which feed to the model.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-singa">Compile SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#data-download">Data download</a></li><li><a href="#data-preprocessing">Data preprocessing</a></li><li><a href="#training">Training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Image Classification using DenseNet · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Image Classification using DenseNet · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Image Classification using DenseNet</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>In this example, we convert DenseNet on <a href="https://github.com/pytorch/vision/blob/master/torchvision/models/densenet.py">PyTorch</a> to SINGA for image classification.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
+<blockquote>
+<p>Please <code>cd</code> to <code>singa/examples/imagenet/densenet/</code> for the following commands</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file"></a><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Download one parameter checkpoint file</h3>
+<p>Download one parameter checkpoint file (see below) and the synset word file of ImageNet into this folder, e.g.,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> wget https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/densenet/densenet-121.tar.gz</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> wget https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/synset_words.txt</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> tar xvf densenet-121.tar.gz</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="usage"></a><a href="#usage" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Usage</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py -h</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="example"></a><a href="#example" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Example</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> use cpu</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py --use_cpu --parameter_file densenet-121.pickle --depth 121 &</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> use gpu</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py --parameter_file densenet-121.pickle --depth 121 &</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>The parameter files for the following model and depth configuration pairs are provided: <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/densenet/densenet-121.tar.gz">121</a>, <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/densenet/densenet-169.tar.gz">169</a>, <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/densenet/densenet-201.tar.gz">201</a>, <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/densenet/densenet-161.tar.gz">161</a></p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="submit"></a><a href="#submit" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Submit</h3>
+<p>Submit images for classification</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image1.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image2.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image3.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>image1.jpg, image2.jpg and image3.jpg should be downloaded before executing the above commands.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="details"></a><a href="#details" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Details</h2>
+<p>The parameter files were converted from the pytorch via the convert.py program.</p>
+<p>Usage:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet/index.html
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Image Classification using DenseNet · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Image Classification using DenseNet · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Image Classification using DenseNet</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>In this example, we convert DenseNet on <a href="https://github.com/pytorch/vision/blob/master/torchvision/models/densenet.py">PyTorch</a> to SINGA for image classification.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
+<blockquote>
+<p>Please <code>cd</code> to <code>singa/examples/imagenet/densenet/</code> for the following commands</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file"></a><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Download one parameter checkpoint file</h3>
+<p>Download one parameter checkpoint file (see below) and the synset word file of ImageNet into this folder, e.g.,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> wget https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/densenet/densenet-121.tar.gz</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> wget https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/synset_words.txt</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> tar xvf densenet-121.tar.gz</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="usage"></a><a href="#usage" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Usage</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py -h</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="example"></a><a href="#example" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Example</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> use cpu</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py --use_cpu --parameter_file densenet-121.pickle --depth 121 &</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> use gpu</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py --parameter_file densenet-121.pickle --depth 121 &</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>The parameter files for the following model and depth configuration pairs are provided: <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/densenet/densenet-121.tar.gz">121</a>, <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/densenet/densenet-169.tar.gz">169</a>, <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/densenet/densenet-201.tar.gz">201</a>, <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/densenet/densenet-161.tar.gz">161</a></p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="submit"></a><a href="#submit" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Submit</h3>
+<p>Submit images for classification</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image1.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image2.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image3.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>image1.jpg, image2.jpg and image3.jpg should be downloaded before executing the above commands.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="details"></a><a href="#details" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Details</h2>
+<p>The parameter files were converted from the pytorch via the convert.py program.</p>
+<p>Usage:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Image Classification using GoogleNet · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Image Classification using GoogleNet · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ addBackToTop(
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+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Image Classification using GoogleNet</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>In this example, we convert GoogleNet trained on Caffe to SINGA for image classification. Tested on <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/commit/8c990f7da2de220e8a012c6a8ecc897dc7532744">SINGA commit</a> with <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/bvlc_googlenet.tar.gz">the parameters</a>.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
+<blockquote>
+<p>Please <code>cd</code> to <code>singa/examples/imagenet/googlenet/</code> for the following commands</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="download"></a><a href="#download" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Download</h3>
+<p>Download the parameter checkpoint file into this folder</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> wget https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/bvlc_googlenet.tar.gz</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> tar xvf bvlc_googlenet.tar.gz</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="run-the-program"></a><a href="#run-the-program" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Run the program</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> use cpu</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py -C &</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> use gpu</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py &</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="submit-images-for-classification"></a><a href="#submit-images-for-classification" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Submit images for classification</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image1.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image2.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image3.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>image1.jpg, image2.jpg and image3.jpg should be downloaded before executing the above commands.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="details"></a><a href="#details" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Details</h2>
+<p>We first extract the parameter values from <a href="http://dl.caffe.berkeleyvision.org/bvlc_googlenet.caffemodel">Caffe's checkpoint file</a> into a pickle version After downloading the checkpoint file into <code>caffe_root/python</code> folder, run the following script</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># to be executed within caffe_root/python folder</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> caffe
+<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> numpy <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> np
+<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> cPickle <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> pickle
+
+model_def = <span class="hljs-string">'../models/bvlc_googlenet/deploy.prototxt'</span>
+weight = <span class="hljs-string">'bvlc_googlenet.caffemodel'</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># must be downloaded at first</span>
+net = caffe.Net(model_def, weight, caffe.TEST)
+
+params = {}
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> layer_name <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> net.params.keys():
+ weights=np.copy(net.params[layer_name][<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].data)
+ bias=np.copy(net.params[layer_name][<span class="hljs-number">1</span>].data)
+ params[layer_name+<span class="hljs-string">'_weight'</span>]=weights
+ params[layer_name+<span class="hljs-string">'_bias'</span>]=bias
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">print</span> layer_name, weights.shape, bias.shape
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> open(<span class="hljs-string">'bvlc_googlenet.pickle'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'wb'</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> fd:
+ pickle.dump(params, fd)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Then we construct the GoogleNet using SINGA's FeedForwardNet structure. Note that we added a EndPadding layer to resolve the issue from discrepancy of the rounding strategy of the pooling layer between Caffe (ceil) and cuDNN (floor). Only the MaxPooling layers outside inception blocks have this problem. Refer to <a href="https://gist.github.com/joelouismarino/a2ede9ab3928f999575423b9887abd14">this</a> for more detials.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
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@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Image Classification using GoogleNet · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Image Classification using GoogleNet · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Image Classification using GoogleNet</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>In this example, we convert GoogleNet trained on Caffe to SINGA for image classification. Tested on <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/commit/8c990f7da2de220e8a012c6a8ecc897dc7532744">SINGA commit</a> with <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/bvlc_googlenet.tar.gz">the parameters</a>.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
+<blockquote>
+<p>Please <code>cd</code> to <code>singa/examples/imagenet/googlenet/</code> for the following commands</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="download"></a><a href="#download" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Download</h3>
+<p>Download the parameter checkpoint file into this folder</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> wget https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/bvlc_googlenet.tar.gz</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> tar xvf bvlc_googlenet.tar.gz</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="run-the-program"></a><a href="#run-the-program" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Run the program</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> use cpu</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py -C &</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> use gpu</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py &</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="submit-images-for-classification"></a><a href="#submit-images-for-classification" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Submit images for classification</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image1.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image2.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image3.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>image1.jpg, image2.jpg and image3.jpg should be downloaded before executing the above commands.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="details"></a><a href="#details" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Details</h2>
+<p>We first extract the parameter values from <a href="http://dl.caffe.berkeleyvision.org/bvlc_googlenet.caffemodel">Caffe's checkpoint file</a> into a pickle version After downloading the checkpoint file into <code>caffe_root/python</code> folder, run the following script</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># to be executed within caffe_root/python folder</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> caffe
+<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> numpy <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> np
+<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> cPickle <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> pickle
+
+model_def = <span class="hljs-string">'../models/bvlc_googlenet/deploy.prototxt'</span>
+weight = <span class="hljs-string">'bvlc_googlenet.caffemodel'</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># must be downloaded at first</span>
+net = caffe.Net(model_def, weight, caffe.TEST)
+
+params = {}
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> layer_name <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> net.params.keys():
+ weights=np.copy(net.params[layer_name][<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].data)
+ bias=np.copy(net.params[layer_name][<span class="hljs-number">1</span>].data)
+ params[layer_name+<span class="hljs-string">'_weight'</span>]=weights
+ params[layer_name+<span class="hljs-string">'_bias'</span>]=bias
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">print</span> layer_name, weights.shape, bias.shape
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> open(<span class="hljs-string">'bvlc_googlenet.pickle'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'wb'</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> fd:
+ pickle.dump(params, fd)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Then we construct the GoogleNet using SINGA's FeedForwardNet structure. Note that we added a EndPadding layer to resolve the issue from discrepancy of the rounding strategy of the pooling layer between Caffe (ceil) and cuDNN (floor). Only the MaxPooling layers outside inception blocks have this problem. Refer to <a href="https://gist.github.com/joelouismarino/a2ede9ab3928f999575423b9887abd14">this</a> for more detials.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Image Classification using Inception V4 · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Image Classification using Inception V4 · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Image Classification using Inception V4</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>In this example, we convert Inception V4 trained on Tensorflow to SINGA for image classification. Tested on SINGA version 1.1.1 with <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/inception_v4.tar.gz">parameters pretrained by tensorflow</a>.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
+<blockquote>
+<p>Please <code>cd</code> to <code>singa/examples/imagenet/inception/</code> for the following commands</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="download"></a><a href="#download" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Download</h3>
+<p>Download the parameter checkpoint file</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> wget https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/inception_v4.tar.gz</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> tar xvf inception_v4.tar.gz</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Download <a href="https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/blob/master/data/ilsvrc12/get_ilsvrc_aux.sh">synset_word.txt</a> file.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="run-the-program"></a><a href="#run-the-program" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Run the program</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> use cpu</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py -C &</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> use gpu</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py &</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="submit-images-for-classification"></a><a href="#submit-images-for-classification" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Submit images for classification</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image1.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image2.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image3.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>image1.jpg, image2.jpg and image3.jpg should be downloaded before executing the above commands.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="details"></a><a href="#details" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Details</h2>
+<p>We first extract the parameter values from <a href="http://download.tensorflow.org/models/inception_v4_2016_09_09.tar.gz">Tensorflow's checkpoint file</a> into a pickle version. After downloading and decompressing the checkpoint file, run the following script</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py --file_name=inception_v4.ckpt</span>
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Image Classification using Inception V4 · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Image Classification using Inception V4 · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
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+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Image Classification using Inception V4</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>In this example, we convert Inception V4 trained on Tensorflow to SINGA for image classification. Tested on SINGA version 1.1.1 with <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/inception_v4.tar.gz">parameters pretrained by tensorflow</a>.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
+<blockquote>
+<p>Please <code>cd</code> to <code>singa/examples/imagenet/inception/</code> for the following commands</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="download"></a><a href="#download" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Download</h3>
+<p>Download the parameter checkpoint file</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> wget https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/inception_v4.tar.gz</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> tar xvf inception_v4.tar.gz</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Download <a href="https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/blob/master/data/ilsvrc12/get_ilsvrc_aux.sh">synset_word.txt</a> file.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="run-the-program"></a><a href="#run-the-program" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Run the program</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> use cpu</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py -C &</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> use gpu</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py &</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="submit-images-for-classification"></a><a href="#submit-images-for-classification" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Submit images for classification</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image1.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image2.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image3.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>image1.jpg, image2.jpg and image3.jpg should be downloaded before executing the above commands.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="details"></a><a href="#details" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Details</h2>
+<p>We first extract the parameter values from <a href="http://download.tensorflow.org/models/inception_v4_2016_09_09.tar.gz">Tensorflow's checkpoint file</a> into a pickle version. After downloading and decompressing the checkpoint file, run the following script</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py --file_name=inception_v4.ckpt</span>
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.html
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Image Classification using Residual Networks · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Image Classification using Residual Networks · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Image Classification using Residual Networks</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>In this example, we convert Residual Networks trained on <a href="https://github.com/facebook/fb.resnet.torch">Torch</a> to SINGA for image classification. Tested with the <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/resnet-18.tar.gz">parameters pretrained by Torch</a></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
+<blockquote>
+<p>Please <code>cd</code> to <code>singa/examples/imagenet/resnet/</code> for the following commands</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="download"></a><a href="#download" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Download</h3>
+<p>Download one parameter checkpoint file (see below) and the synset word file of ImageNet into this folder, e.g.,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> wget https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/resnet-18.tar.gz</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> wget https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/synset_words.txt</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> tar xvf resnet-18.tar.gz</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="usage"></a><a href="#usage" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Usage</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py -h</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="example"></a><a href="#example" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Example</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> use cpu</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py --use_cpu --parameter_file resnet-18.pickle --model resnet --depth 18 &</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> use gpu</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py --parameter_file resnet-18.pickle --model resnet --depth 18 &</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>The parameter files for the following model and depth configuration pairs are provided:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>resnet (original resnet), <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/resnet-18.tar.gz">18</a>|<a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/resnet-34.tar.gz">34</a>|<a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/resnet-101.tar.gz">101</a>|<a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/resnet-152.tar.gz">152</a></li>
+<li>addbn (resnet with a batch normalization layer after the addition), <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/resnet-50.tar.gz">50</a></li>
+<li>wrn (wide resnet), <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/wrn-50-2.tar.gz">50</a></li>
+<li>preact (resnet with pre-activation) <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/resnet-200.tar.gz">200</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="submit-images-for-classification"></a><a href="#submit-images-for-classification" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Submit images for classification</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image1.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image2.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image3.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>image1.jpg, image2.jpg and image3.jpg should be downloaded before executing the above commands.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="details"></a><a href="#details" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Details</h2>
+<p>The parameter files were extracted from the original <a href="https://github.com/facebook/fb.resnet.torch/tree/master/pretrained">torch files</a> via the convert.py program.</p>
+<p>Usage:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">$ <span class="hljs-keyword">python</span> convert.<span class="hljs-keyword">py</span> -h
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Image Classification using Residual Networks · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Image Classification using Residual Networks · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Image Classification using Residual Networks</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>In this example, we convert Residual Networks trained on <a href="https://github.com/facebook/fb.resnet.torch">Torch</a> to SINGA for image classification. Tested with the <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/resnet-18.tar.gz">parameters pretrained by Torch</a></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
+<blockquote>
+<p>Please <code>cd</code> to <code>singa/examples/imagenet/resnet/</code> for the following commands</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="download"></a><a href="#download" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Download</h3>
+<p>Download one parameter checkpoint file (see below) and the synset word file of ImageNet into this folder, e.g.,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> wget https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/resnet-18.tar.gz</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> wget https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/synset_words.txt</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> tar xvf resnet-18.tar.gz</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="usage"></a><a href="#usage" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Usage</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py -h</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="example"></a><a href="#example" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Example</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> use cpu</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py --use_cpu --parameter_file resnet-18.pickle --model resnet --depth 18 &</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> use gpu</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py --parameter_file resnet-18.pickle --model resnet --depth 18 &</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>The parameter files for the following model and depth configuration pairs are provided:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>resnet (original resnet), <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/resnet-18.tar.gz">18</a>|<a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/resnet-34.tar.gz">34</a>|<a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/resnet-101.tar.gz">101</a>|<a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/resnet-152.tar.gz">152</a></li>
+<li>addbn (resnet with a batch normalization layer after the addition), <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/resnet-50.tar.gz">50</a></li>
+<li>wrn (wide resnet), <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/wrn-50-2.tar.gz">50</a></li>
+<li>preact (resnet with pre-activation) <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/resnet-200.tar.gz">200</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="submit-images-for-classification"></a><a href="#submit-images-for-classification" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Submit images for classification</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image1.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image2.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image3.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>image1.jpg, image2.jpg and image3.jpg should be downloaded before executing the above commands.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="details"></a><a href="#details" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Details</h2>
+<p>The parameter files were extracted from the original <a href="https://github.com/facebook/fb.resnet.torch/tree/master/pretrained">torch files</a> via the convert.py program.</p>
+<p>Usage:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">$ <span class="hljs-keyword">python</span> convert.<span class="hljs-keyword">py</span> -h
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Image Classification using VGG · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Image Classification using VGG · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Image Classification using VGG</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>In this example, we convert VGG on <a href="https://github.com/pytorch/vision/blob/master/torchvision/models/vgg.py">PyTorch</a> to SINGA for image classification.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
+<blockquote>
+<p>Please <code>cd</code> to <code>singa/examples/imagenet/vgg/</code> for the following commands</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="download"></a><a href="#download" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Download</h3>
+<p>Download one parameter checkpoint file (see below) and the synset word file of ImageNet into this folder, e.g.,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> wget https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/vgg/vgg11.tar.gz</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> wget https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/synset_words.txt</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> tar xvf vgg11.tar.gz</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="usage"></a><a href="#usage" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Usage</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py -h</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="example"></a><a href="#example" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Example</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> use cpu</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py --use_cpu --parameter_file vgg11.pickle --depth 11 &</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> use gpu</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py --parameter_file vgg11.pickle --depth 11 &</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>The parameter files for the following model and depth configuration pairs are provided:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Without batch-normalization, <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/vgg/vgg11.tar.gz">11</a>, <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/vgg/vgg13.tar.gz">13</a>, <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/vgg/vgg16.tar.gz">16</a>, <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/vgg/vgg19.tar.gz">19</a></li>
+<li>With batch-normalization, <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/vgg/vgg11_bn.tar.gz">11</a>, <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/vgg/vgg13_bn.tar.gz">13</a>, <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/vgg/vgg16_bn.tar.gz">16</a>, <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/vgg/vgg19_bn.tar.gz">19</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="submit-images-for-classification"></a><a href="#submit-images-for-classification" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Submit images for classification</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image1.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image2.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image3.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>image1.jpg, image2.jpg and image3.jpg should be downloaded before executing the above commands.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="details"></a><a href="#details" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Details</h2>
+<p>The parameter files were converted from the pytorch via the convert.py program.</p>
+<p>Usage:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
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+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Image Classification using VGG · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Image Classification using VGG · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Image Classification using VGG</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>In this example, we convert VGG on <a href="https://github.com/pytorch/vision/blob/master/torchvision/models/vgg.py">PyTorch</a> to SINGA for image classification.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
+<blockquote>
+<p>Please <code>cd</code> to <code>singa/examples/imagenet/vgg/</code> for the following commands</p>
+</blockquote>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="download"></a><a href="#download" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Download</h3>
+<p>Download one parameter checkpoint file (see below) and the synset word file of ImageNet into this folder, e.g.,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> wget https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/vgg/vgg11.tar.gz</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> wget https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/synset_words.txt</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> tar xvf vgg11.tar.gz</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="usage"></a><a href="#usage" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Usage</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py -h</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="example"></a><a href="#example" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Example</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> use cpu</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py --use_cpu --parameter_file vgg11.pickle --depth 11 &</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> use gpu</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python serve.py --parameter_file vgg11.pickle --depth 11 &</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>The parameter files for the following model and depth configuration pairs are provided:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Without batch-normalization, <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/vgg/vgg11.tar.gz">11</a>, <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/vgg/vgg13.tar.gz">13</a>, <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/vgg/vgg16.tar.gz">16</a>, <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/vgg/vgg19.tar.gz">19</a></li>
+<li>With batch-normalization, <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/vgg/vgg11_bn.tar.gz">11</a>, <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/vgg/vgg13_bn.tar.gz">13</a>, <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/vgg/vgg16_bn.tar.gz">16</a>, <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/vgg/vgg19_bn.tar.gz">19</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="submit-images-for-classification"></a><a href="#submit-images-for-classification" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Submit images for classification</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image1.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image2.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> curl -i -F image=@image3.jpg http://localhost:9999/api</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>image1.jpg, image2.jpg and image3.jpg should be downloaded before executing the above commands.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="details"></a><a href="#details" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Details</h2>
+<p>The parameter files were converted from the pytorch via the convert.py program.</p>
+<p>Usage:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Train a RBM model against MNIST dataset · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Train a RBM model against MNIST dataset · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<p>This example is to train an RBM model using the MNIST dataset. The RBM model and its hyper-parameters are set following <a href="http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~hinton/science.pdf">Hinton's paper</a></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="running-instructions"></a><a href="#running-instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Running instructions</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="download"></a><a href="#download" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Download</h3>
+<p>Download the pre-processed <a href="https://github.com/mnielsen/neural-networks-and-deep-learning/raw/master/data/mnist.pkl.gz">MNIST dataset</a></p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="start-the-training"></a><a href="#start-the-training" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Start the training</h3>
+<blockquote>
+<p>Please <code>cd</code> to <code>singa/examples/mnist/</code> for the following commands</p>
+</blockquote>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python train.py mnist.pkl.gz
+</code></pre>
+<p>By default the training code would run on CPU. To run it on a GPU card, please start the program with an additional argument</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python train.py mnist.pkl.gz --use_gpu
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#running-instructions">Running instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/model-zoo-rbm-mnist/index.html
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Train a RBM model against MNIST dataset · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Train a RBM model against MNIST dataset · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<p>This example is to train an RBM model using the MNIST dataset. The RBM model and its hyper-parameters are set following <a href="http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~hinton/science.pdf">Hinton's paper</a></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="running-instructions"></a><a href="#running-instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Running instructions</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="download"></a><a href="#download" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Download</h3>
+<p>Download the pre-processed <a href="https://github.com/mnielsen/neural-networks-and-deep-learning/raw/master/data/mnist.pkl.gz">MNIST dataset</a></p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="start-the-training"></a><a href="#start-the-training" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Start the training</h3>
+<blockquote>
+<p>Please <code>cd</code> to <code>singa/examples/mnist/</code> for the following commands</p>
+</blockquote>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python train.py mnist.pkl.gz
+</code></pre>
+<p>By default the training code would run on CPU. To run it on a GPU card, please start the program with an additional argument</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python train.py mnist.pkl.gz --use_gpu
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#running-instructions">Running instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
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+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/onnx.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">ONNX</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p><a href="https://onnx.ai/">ONNX</a> is an open representation format for machine learning
+models, which enables AI developers to use models across different libraries and
+tools. SINGA supports loading ONNX format models for training and inference, and
+saving models defined using SINGA APIs (e.g., <a href="./module">Module</a>) into ONNX
+format.</p>
+<p>SINGA has been tested with the following
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Versioning.md">version</a> of ONNX.</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>ONNX version</th><th>File format version</th><th>Opset version ai.onnx</th><th>Opset version ai.onnx.ml</th><th>Opset version ai.onnx.training</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>1.6.0</td><td>6</td><td>11</td><td>2</td><td>-</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="general-usage"></a><a href="#general-usage" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>General usage</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa"></a><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</h3>
+<p>After loading an ONNX model from disk by <code>onnx.load</code>, You only need to update
+the batch-size of input using <code>tensor.PlaceHolder</code> after SINGA v3.0, the shape
+of internal tensors will be inferred automatically.</p>
+<p>Then, you should define a class inheriting from <code>sonnx.SONNXModel</code> and implement
+two methods <code>forward</code> for forward work and <code>train_one_batch</code> for training work.
+After you call <code>model.compile</code>, the SONNX iterates and translates all the nodes
+within the ONNX model's graph into SINGA operators, loads all stored weights and
+infers each intermediate tensor's shape.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> onnx
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> device
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> sonnx
+
+<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyModel</span><span class="hljs-params">(sonnx.SONNXModel)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, onnx_model)</span>:</span>
+ super(MyModel, self).__init__(onnx_model)
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, *x)</span>:</span>
+ y = super(MyModel, self).forward(*x)
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Since SINGA model returns the output as a list,</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># if there is only one output,</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># you just need to take the first element.</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, y)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">pass</span>
+
+model_path = <span class="hljs-string">"PATH/To/ONNX/MODEL"</span>
+onnx_model = onnx.load(model_path)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># convert onnx model into SINGA model</span>
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()
+x = tensor.PlaceHolder(INPUT.shape, device=dev)
+model = MyModel(onnx_model)
+model.compile([x], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>, use_graph=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="inference-singa-model"></a><a href="#inference-singa-model" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Inference SINGA model</h3>
+<p>Once the model is created, you can do inference by calling <code>model.forward</code>. The
+input and output must be SINGA <code>Tensor</code> instances.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3"><span class="hljs-attr">x</span> = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=INPUT)
+<span class="hljs-attr">y</span> = model.forward(x)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format"></a><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</h3>
+<p>Given the input tensors and the output tensors generated by the operators the
+model, you can trace back all internal operations. Therefore, a SINGA model is
+defined by the input and outputs tensors. To export a SINGA model into ONNX
+format, you just need to provide the input and output tensor list.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3"># <span class="hljs-symbol">x</span> is the input tensor, <span class="hljs-symbol">y</span> is the output tensor
+sonnx.to_onnx([<span class="hljs-symbol">x</span>], [<span class="hljs-symbol">y</span>])
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="re-training-an-onnx-model"></a><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Re-training an ONNX model</h3>
+<p>To train (or refine) an ONNX model using SINGA, you need to implement the
+<code>train_one_batch</code> from <code>sonnx.SONNXModel</code> and mark the <code>is_train=True</code> when
+calling <code>model.compile</code>.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3">from singa import opt
+from singa import autograd
+
+<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyModel</span>(<span class="hljs-title">sonnx</span>.<span class="hljs-title">SONNXModel</span>):</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, onnx_model)</span></span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(MyModel, <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>).__init_<span class="hljs-number">_</span>(onnx_model)
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, *x)</span></span>:
+ y = <span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(MyModel, <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>).forward(*x)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, x, y, dist_option, spars)</span></span>:
+ out = <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.forward(x)
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_update(loss)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp16'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_update_half(loss)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'partialUpdate'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_partial_update(loss)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseTopK'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=True,
+ spars=spars)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseThreshold'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=False,
+ spars=spars)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">set_optimizer</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, optimizer)</span></span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer = optimizer
+
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>.<span class="hljs-number">005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>.<span class="hljs-number">9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>e-<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+model.compile([tx], is_train=True, use_graph=graph, sequential=True)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="transfer-learning-an-onnx-model"></a><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Transfer-learning an ONNX model</h3>
+<p>You also can append some layers to the end of the ONNX model to do
+transfer-learning. The <code>last_layers</code> accept a negative integer indicating the
+layer to cut off from. For example, <code>-1</code> means cut off after the final output(do
+not cut off any layer), <code>-2</code> means you cut off after the last second layer.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3">from singa import opt
+from singa import autograd
+
+<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyModel</span>(<span class="hljs-title">sonnx</span>.<span class="hljs-title">SONNXModel</span>):</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, onnx_model)</span></span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(MyModel, <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>).__init_<span class="hljs-number">_</span>(onnx_model)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.linear = layer.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">1000</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>)
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, *x)</span></span>:
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># cut off after the last third layer</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># and append a linear layer</span>
+ y = <span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(MyModel, <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>).forward(*x, last_layers=-<span class="hljs-number">3</span>)[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+ y = <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.linear(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, x, y, dist_option, spars)</span></span>:
+ out = <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.forward(x)
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_update(loss)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp16'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_update_half(loss)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'partialUpdate'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_partial_update(loss)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseTopK'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=True,
+ spars=spars)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseThreshold'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=False,
+ spars=spars)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">set_optimizer</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, optimizer)</span></span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer = optimizer
+
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>.<span class="hljs-number">005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>.<span class="hljs-number">9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>e-<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+model.compile([tx], is_train=True, use_graph=graph, sequential=True)
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="onnx-model-zoo"></a><a href="#onnx-model-zoo" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>ONNX model zoo</h2>
+<p>The <a href="https://github.com/onnx/models">ONNX Model Zoo</a> is a collection of
+pre-trained, state-of-the-art models in the ONNX format contributed by community
+members. SINGA has supported several CV and NLP models now. More models are
+going to be supported soon.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="image-classification"></a><a href="#image-classification" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Image Classification</h3>
+<p>This collection of models take images as input, then classifies the major
+objects in the images into 1000 object categories such as keyboard, mouse,
+pencil, and many animals.</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model Class</th><th>Reference</th><th>Description</th><th>Link</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/mobilenet">MobileNet</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.04381">Sandler et al.</a></td><td>Light-weight deep neural network best suited for mobile and embedded vision applications. <br>Top-5 error from paper - ~10%</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1HsixqJMIpKyEPhkbB8jy7NwNEFEAUWAf"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/resnet">ResNet18</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.03385">He et al.</a></td><td>A CNN model (up to 152 layers). Uses shortcut connections to achieve higher accuracy when classifying images. <br> Top-5 error from paper - ~3.6%</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1u1RYefSsVbiP4I-5wiBKHjsT9L0FxLm9"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/vgg">VGG16</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.1556">Simonyan et al.</a></td><td>Deep CNN model(up to 19 layers). Similar to AlexNet but uses multiple smaller kernel-sized filters that provides more accuracy when classifying images. <br>Top-5 error from paper - ~8%</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/14kxgRKtbjPCKKsDJVNi3AvTev81Gp_Ds"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/shufflenet">ShuffleNet_V2</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.01083.pdf">Simonyan et al.</a></td><td>Extremely computation efficient CNN model that is designed specifically for mobile devices. This network architecture design considers direct metric such as speed, instead of indirect metric like FLOP. Top-1 error from paper - ~30.6%</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19HfRu3YHP_H2z3BcZujVFRp23_J5XsuA?usp=sharing"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>We also give some re-training examples by using VGG and ResNet, please check
+<code>examples/onnx/training</code>.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="object-detection"></a><a href="#object-detection" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Object Detection</h3>
+<p>Object detection models detect the presence of multiple objects in an image and
+segment out areas of the image where the objects are detected.</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model Class</th><th>Reference</th><th>Description</th><th>Link</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/object_detection_segmentation/tiny_yolov2">Tiny YOLOv2</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1612.08242.pdf">Redmon et al.</a></td><td>A real-time CNN for object detection that detects 20 different classes. A smaller version of the more complex full YOLOv2 network.</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/11V4I6cRjIJNUv5ZGsEGwqHuoQEie6b1T"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="face-analysis"></a><a href="#face-analysis" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Face Analysis</h3>
+<p>Face detection models identify and/or recognize human faces and emotions in
+given images.</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model Class</th><th>Reference</th><th>Description</th><th>Link</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/body_analysis/arcface">ArcFace</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.07698">Deng et al.</a></td><td>A CNN based model for face recognition which learns discriminative features of faces and produces embeddings for input face images.</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1qanaqUKGIDtifdzEzJOHjEj4kYzA9uJC"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/body_analysis/emotion_ferplus">Emotion FerPlus</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.01041">Barsoum et al.</a></td><td>Deep CNN for emotion recognition trained on images of faces.</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1XHtBQGRhe58PDi4LGYJzYueWBeWbO23r"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="machine-comprehension"></a><a href="#machine-comprehension" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Machine Comprehension</h3>
+<p>This subset of natural language processing models that answer questions about a
+given context paragraph.</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model Class</th><th>Reference</th><th>Description</th><th>Link</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/text/machine_comprehension/bert-squad">BERT-Squad</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.04805.pdf">Devlin et al.</a></td><td>This model answers questions based on the context of the given input paragraph.</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1kud-lUPjS_u-TkDAzihBTw0Vqr0FjCE-"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/text/machine_comprehension/roberta">RoBERTa</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.11692.pdf">Devlin et al.</a></td><td>A large transformer-based model that predicts sentiment based on given input text.</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1F-c4LJSx3Cb2jW6tP7f8nAZDigyLH6iN?usp=sharing"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/text/machine_comprehension/gpt-2">GPT-2</a></b></td><td><a href="https://d4mucfpksywv.cloudfront.net/better-language-models/language_models_are_unsupervised_multitask_learners.pdf">Devlin et al.</a></td><td>A large transformer-based language model that given a sequence of words within some text, predicts the next word.</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1ZlXLSIMppPch6HgzKRillJiUcWn3PiK7"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="supported-operators"></a><a href="#supported-operators" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Supported operators</h2>
+<p>The following operators are supported:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Acos</li>
+<li>Acosh</li>
+<li>Add</li>
+<li>And</li>
+<li>Asin</li>
+<li>Asinh</li>
+<li>Atan</li>
+<li>Atanh</li>
+<li>AveragePool</li>
+<li>BatchNormalization</li>
+<li>Cast</li>
+<li>Ceil</li>
+<li>Clip</li>
+<li>Concat</li>
+<li>ConstantOfShape</li>
+<li>Conv</li>
+<li>Cos</li>
+<li>Cosh</li>
+<li>Div</li>
+<li>Dropout</li>
+<li>Elu</li>
+<li>Equal</li>
+<li>Erf</li>
+<li>Expand</li>
+<li>Flatten</li>
+<li>Gather</li>
+<li>Gemm</li>
+<li>GlobalAveragePool</li>
+<li>Greater</li>
+<li>HardSigmoid</li>
+<li>Identity</li>
+<li>LeakyRelu</li>
+<li>Less</li>
+<li>Log</li>
+<li>MatMul</li>
+<li>Max</li>
+<li>MaxPool</li>
+<li>Mean</li>
+<li>Min</li>
+<li>Mul</li>
+<li>Neg</li>
+<li>NonZero</li>
+<li>Not</li>
+<li>OneHot</li>
+<li>Or</li>
+<li>Pad</li>
+<li>Pow</li>
+<li>PRelu</li>
+<li>Reciprocal</li>
+<li>ReduceMean</li>
+<li>ReduceSum</li>
+<li>Relu</li>
+<li>Reshape</li>
+<li>ScatterElements</li>
+<li>Selu</li>
+<li>Shape</li>
+<li>Sigmoid</li>
+<li>Sign</li>
+<li>Sin</li>
+<li>Sinh</li>
+<li>Slice</li>
+<li>Softmax</li>
+<li>Softplus</li>
+<li>Softsign</li>
+<li>Split</li>
+<li>Sqrt</li>
+<li>Squeeze</li>
+<li>Sub</li>
+<li>Sum</li>
+<li>Tan</li>
+<li>Tanh</li>
+<li>Tile</li>
+<li>Transpose</li>
+<li>Unsqueeze</li>
+<li>Upsample</li>
+<li>Where</li>
+<li>Xor</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="special-comments-for-onnx-backend"></a><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Special comments for ONNX backend</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Conv, MaxPool and AveragePool</p>
+<p>Input must be 1d<code>(N*C*H)</code> and 2d(<code>N*C*H*W</code>) shape and <code>dilation</code> must be 1.</p></li>
+<li><p>BatchNormalization</p>
+<p><code>epsilon</code> is 1e-05 and cannot be changed.</p></li>
+<li><p>Cast</p>
+<p>Only support float32 and int32, other types are casted to these two types.</p></li>
+<li><p>Squeeze and Unsqueeze</p>
+<p>If you encounter errors when you <code>Squeeze</code> or <code>Unsqueeze</code> between <code>Tensor</code> and
+Scalar, please report to us.</p></li>
+<li><p>Empty tensor Empty tensor is illegal in SINGA.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="implementation"></a><a href="#implementation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Implementation</h2>
+<p>The code of SINGA ONNX locates at <code>python/singa/soonx.py</code>. There are four main
+class, <code>SingaFrontend</code>, <code>SingaBackend</code>, <code>SingaRep</code> and <code>SONNXModel</code>.
+<code>SingaFrontend</code> translates a SINGA model to an ONNX model; <code>SingaBackend</code>
+translates an ONNX model to <code>SingaRep</code> object which stores all SINGA operators
+and tensors(the tensor in this doc means SINGA <code>Tensor</code>); <code>SingaRep</code> can be run
+like a SINGA model. <code>SONNXModel</code> inherits from <code>model.Model</code> which defines a
+unified API for SINGA.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="singafrontend"></a><a href="#singafrontend" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SingaFrontend</h3>
+<p>The entry function of <code>SingaFrontend</code> is <code>singa_to_onnx_model</code> which also is
+called <code>to_onnx</code>. <code>singa_to_onnx_model</code> creates the ONNX model, and it also
+create a ONNX graph by using <code>singa_to_onnx_graph</code>.</p>
+<p><code>singa_to_onnx_graph</code> accepts the output of the model, and recursively iterate
+the SINGA model's graph from the output to get all operators to form a queue.
+The input and intermediate tensors, i.e, trainable weights, of the SINGA model
+is picked up at the same time. The input is stored in <code>onnx_model.graph.input</code>;
+the output is stored in <code>onnx_model.graph.output</code>; and the trainable weights are
+stored in <code>onnx_model.graph.initializer</code>.</p>
+<p>Then the SINGA operator in the queue is translated to ONNX operators one by one.
+<code>_rename_operators</code> defines the operators name mapping between SINGA and ONNX.
+<code>_special_operators</code> defines which function to be used to translate the
+operator.</p>
+<p>In addition, some operators in SINGA has different definition with ONNX, that
+is, ONNX regards some attributes of SINGA operators as input, so
+<code>_unhandled_operators</code> defines which function to handle the special operator.</p>
+<p>Since the bool type is regarded as int32 in SINGA, <code>_bool_operators</code> defines the
+operators to be changed as bool type.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="singabackend"></a><a href="#singabackend" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SingaBackend</h3>
+<p>The entry function of <code>SingaBackend</code> is <code>prepare</code> which checks the version of
+ONNX model and call <code>_onnx_model_to_singa_ops</code> then.</p>
+<p>The purpose of <code>_onnx_model_to_singa_ops</code> is to get SINGA tensors and operators.
+The tensors are stored in a dictionary by their name in ONNX, and operators are
+stored in queue by the form of <code>namedtuple('SingaOps', ['node', 'operator'])</code>.
+For each operator, <code>node</code> is an instance from OnnxNode which is defined to store
+some basic information for an ONNX node; <code>operator</code> is the SINGA operator's
+forward function;</p>
+<p>The first step of <code>_onnx_model_to_singa_ops</code> has four steps, the first one is to
+call <code>_parse_graph_params</code> to get all tensors stored as <code>params</code>. Then call
+<code>_parse_graph_inputs_outputs</code> to get all input and output information stores as
+<code>inputs</code> and <code>outputs</code>. Finally, it iterators all nodes within the ONNX graph
+and parses it by <code>_onnx_node_to_singa_op</code> as SIGNA operators or layers and store
+them as <code>outputs</code>. Some weights are stored within an ONNX node called
+<code>Constant</code>, SONNX can handle them by <code>_onnx_constant_to_np</code> to store it into
+<code>params</code>.</p>
+<p>This class finally return a <code>SingaRep</code> object and stores above <code>params</code>,
+<code>inputs</code>, <code>outputs</code>, <code>layers</code>.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="singarep"></a><a href="#singarep" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SingaRep</h3>
+<p><code>SingaBackend</code> stores all SINGA tensors and operators. <code>run</code> accepts the input
+of the model and runs the SINGA operators one by one following the operators'
+queue. The user can use <code>last_layers</code> to cut off the model after the last few
+layers.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sonnxmodel"></a><a href="#sonnxmodel" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SONNXModel</h3>
+<p><code>SONNXModel</code> inherits from <code>sonnx.SONNXModel</code> and implements the method
+<code>forward</code> to provide a unified API with other SINGA models.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/11/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li><li><a href="#sonnxmodel">SONNXModel</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p><a href="https://onnx.ai/">ONNX</a> is an open representation format for machine learning
+models, which enables AI developers to use models across different libraries and
+tools. SINGA supports loading ONNX format models for training and inference, and
+saving models defined using SINGA APIs (e.g., <a href="./module">Module</a>) into ONNX
+format.</p>
+<p>SINGA has been tested with the following
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Versioning.md">version</a> of ONNX.</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>ONNX version</th><th>File format version</th><th>Opset version ai.onnx</th><th>Opset version ai.onnx.ml</th><th>Opset version ai.onnx.training</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>1.6.0</td><td>6</td><td>11</td><td>2</td><td>-</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="general-usage"></a><a href="#general-usage" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>General usage</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa"></a><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</h3>
+<p>After loading an ONNX model from disk by <code>onnx.load</code>, You only need to update
+the batch-size of input using <code>tensor.PlaceHolder</code> after SINGA v3.0, the shape
+of internal tensors will be inferred automatically.</p>
+<p>Then, you should define a class inheriting from <code>sonnx.SONNXModel</code> and implement
+two methods <code>forward</code> for forward work and <code>train_one_batch</code> for training work.
+After you call <code>model.compile</code>, the SONNX iterates and translates all the nodes
+within the ONNX model's graph into SINGA operators, loads all stored weights and
+infers each intermediate tensor's shape.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> onnx
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> device
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> sonnx
+
+<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyModel</span><span class="hljs-params">(sonnx.SONNXModel)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, onnx_model)</span>:</span>
+ super(MyModel, self).__init__(onnx_model)
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, *x)</span>:</span>
+ y = super(MyModel, self).forward(*x)
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Since SINGA model returns the output as a list,</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># if there is only one output,</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># you just need to take the first element.</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, y)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">pass</span>
+
+model_path = <span class="hljs-string">"PATH/To/ONNX/MODEL"</span>
+onnx_model = onnx.load(model_path)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># convert onnx model into SINGA model</span>
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()
+x = tensor.PlaceHolder(INPUT.shape, device=dev)
+model = MyModel(onnx_model)
+model.compile([x], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>, use_graph=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="inference-singa-model"></a><a href="#inference-singa-model" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Inference SINGA model</h3>
+<p>Once the model is created, you can do inference by calling <code>model.forward</code>. The
+input and output must be SINGA <code>Tensor</code> instances.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3"><span class="hljs-attr">x</span> = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=INPUT)
+<span class="hljs-attr">y</span> = model.forward(x)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format"></a><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</h3>
+<p>Given the input tensors and the output tensors generated by the operators the
+model, you can trace back all internal operations. Therefore, a SINGA model is
+defined by the input and outputs tensors. To export a SINGA model into ONNX
+format, you just need to provide the input and output tensor list.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3"># <span class="hljs-symbol">x</span> is the input tensor, <span class="hljs-symbol">y</span> is the output tensor
+sonnx.to_onnx([<span class="hljs-symbol">x</span>], [<span class="hljs-symbol">y</span>])
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="re-training-an-onnx-model"></a><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Re-training an ONNX model</h3>
+<p>To train (or refine) an ONNX model using SINGA, you need to implement the
+<code>train_one_batch</code> from <code>sonnx.SONNXModel</code> and mark the <code>is_train=True</code> when
+calling <code>model.compile</code>.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3">from singa import opt
+from singa import autograd
+
+<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyModel</span>(<span class="hljs-title">sonnx</span>.<span class="hljs-title">SONNXModel</span>):</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, onnx_model)</span></span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(MyModel, <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>).__init_<span class="hljs-number">_</span>(onnx_model)
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, *x)</span></span>:
+ y = <span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(MyModel, <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>).forward(*x)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, x, y, dist_option, spars)</span></span>:
+ out = <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.forward(x)
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_update(loss)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp16'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_update_half(loss)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'partialUpdate'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_partial_update(loss)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseTopK'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=True,
+ spars=spars)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseThreshold'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=False,
+ spars=spars)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">set_optimizer</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, optimizer)</span></span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer = optimizer
+
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>.<span class="hljs-number">005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>.<span class="hljs-number">9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>e-<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+model.compile([tx], is_train=True, use_graph=graph, sequential=True)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="transfer-learning-an-onnx-model"></a><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Transfer-learning an ONNX model</h3>
+<p>You also can append some layers to the end of the ONNX model to do
+transfer-learning. The <code>last_layers</code> accept a negative integer indicating the
+layer to cut off from. For example, <code>-1</code> means cut off after the final output(do
+not cut off any layer), <code>-2</code> means you cut off after the last second layer.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3">from singa import opt
+from singa import autograd
+
+<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyModel</span>(<span class="hljs-title">sonnx</span>.<span class="hljs-title">SONNXModel</span>):</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, onnx_model)</span></span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(MyModel, <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>).__init_<span class="hljs-number">_</span>(onnx_model)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.linear = layer.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">1000</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>)
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, *x)</span></span>:
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># cut off after the last third layer</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># and append a linear layer</span>
+ y = <span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(MyModel, <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>).forward(*x, last_layers=-<span class="hljs-number">3</span>)[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+ y = <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.linear(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, x, y, dist_option, spars)</span></span>:
+ out = <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.forward(x)
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_update(loss)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp16'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_update_half(loss)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'partialUpdate'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_partial_update(loss)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseTopK'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=True,
+ spars=spars)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseThreshold'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=False,
+ spars=spars)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">set_optimizer</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, optimizer)</span></span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer = optimizer
+
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>.<span class="hljs-number">005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>.<span class="hljs-number">9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>e-<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+model.compile([tx], is_train=True, use_graph=graph, sequential=True)
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="onnx-model-zoo"></a><a href="#onnx-model-zoo" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>ONNX model zoo</h2>
+<p>The <a href="https://github.com/onnx/models">ONNX Model Zoo</a> is a collection of
+pre-trained, state-of-the-art models in the ONNX format contributed by community
+members. SINGA has supported several CV and NLP models now. More models are
+going to be supported soon.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="image-classification"></a><a href="#image-classification" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Image Classification</h3>
+<p>This collection of models take images as input, then classifies the major
+objects in the images into 1000 object categories such as keyboard, mouse,
+pencil, and many animals.</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model Class</th><th>Reference</th><th>Description</th><th>Link</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/mobilenet">MobileNet</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.04381">Sandler et al.</a></td><td>Light-weight deep neural network best suited for mobile and embedded vision applications. <br>Top-5 error from paper - ~10%</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1HsixqJMIpKyEPhkbB8jy7NwNEFEAUWAf"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/resnet">ResNet18</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.03385">He et al.</a></td><td>A CNN model (up to 152 layers). Uses shortcut connections to achieve higher accuracy when classifying images. <br> Top-5 error from paper - ~3.6%</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1u1RYefSsVbiP4I-5wiBKHjsT9L0FxLm9"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/vgg">VGG16</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.1556">Simonyan et al.</a></td><td>Deep CNN model(up to 19 layers). Similar to AlexNet but uses multiple smaller kernel-sized filters that provides more accuracy when classifying images. <br>Top-5 error from paper - ~8%</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/14kxgRKtbjPCKKsDJVNi3AvTev81Gp_Ds"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/shufflenet">ShuffleNet_V2</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.01083.pdf">Simonyan et al.</a></td><td>Extremely computation efficient CNN model that is designed specifically for mobile devices. This network architecture design considers direct metric such as speed, instead of indirect metric like FLOP. Top-1 error from paper - ~30.6%</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19HfRu3YHP_H2z3BcZujVFRp23_J5XsuA?usp=sharing"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>We also give some re-training examples by using VGG and ResNet, please check
+<code>examples/onnx/training</code>.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="object-detection"></a><a href="#object-detection" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Object Detection</h3>
+<p>Object detection models detect the presence of multiple objects in an image and
+segment out areas of the image where the objects are detected.</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model Class</th><th>Reference</th><th>Description</th><th>Link</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/object_detection_segmentation/tiny_yolov2">Tiny YOLOv2</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1612.08242.pdf">Redmon et al.</a></td><td>A real-time CNN for object detection that detects 20 different classes. A smaller version of the more complex full YOLOv2 network.</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/11V4I6cRjIJNUv5ZGsEGwqHuoQEie6b1T"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="face-analysis"></a><a href="#face-analysis" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Face Analysis</h3>
+<p>Face detection models identify and/or recognize human faces and emotions in
+given images.</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model Class</th><th>Reference</th><th>Description</th><th>Link</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/body_analysis/arcface">ArcFace</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.07698">Deng et al.</a></td><td>A CNN based model for face recognition which learns discriminative features of faces and produces embeddings for input face images.</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1qanaqUKGIDtifdzEzJOHjEj4kYzA9uJC"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/body_analysis/emotion_ferplus">Emotion FerPlus</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.01041">Barsoum et al.</a></td><td>Deep CNN for emotion recognition trained on images of faces.</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1XHtBQGRhe58PDi4LGYJzYueWBeWbO23r"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="machine-comprehension"></a><a href="#machine-comprehension" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Machine Comprehension</h3>
+<p>This subset of natural language processing models that answer questions about a
+given context paragraph.</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model Class</th><th>Reference</th><th>Description</th><th>Link</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/text/machine_comprehension/bert-squad">BERT-Squad</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.04805.pdf">Devlin et al.</a></td><td>This model answers questions based on the context of the given input paragraph.</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1kud-lUPjS_u-TkDAzihBTw0Vqr0FjCE-"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/text/machine_comprehension/roberta">RoBERTa</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.11692.pdf">Devlin et al.</a></td><td>A large transformer-based model that predicts sentiment based on given input text.</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1F-c4LJSx3Cb2jW6tP7f8nAZDigyLH6iN?usp=sharing"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/text/machine_comprehension/gpt-2">GPT-2</a></b></td><td><a href="https://d4mucfpksywv.cloudfront.net/better-language-models/language_models_are_unsupervised_multitask_learners.pdf">Devlin et al.</a></td><td>A large transformer-based language model that given a sequence of words within some text, predicts the next word.</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1ZlXLSIMppPch6HgzKRillJiUcWn3PiK7"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="supported-operators"></a><a href="#supported-operators" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Supported operators</h2>
+<p>The following operators are supported:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Acos</li>
+<li>Acosh</li>
+<li>Add</li>
+<li>And</li>
+<li>Asin</li>
+<li>Asinh</li>
+<li>Atan</li>
+<li>Atanh</li>
+<li>AveragePool</li>
+<li>BatchNormalization</li>
+<li>Cast</li>
+<li>Ceil</li>
+<li>Clip</li>
+<li>Concat</li>
+<li>ConstantOfShape</li>
+<li>Conv</li>
+<li>Cos</li>
+<li>Cosh</li>
+<li>Div</li>
+<li>Dropout</li>
+<li>Elu</li>
+<li>Equal</li>
+<li>Erf</li>
+<li>Expand</li>
+<li>Flatten</li>
+<li>Gather</li>
+<li>Gemm</li>
+<li>GlobalAveragePool</li>
+<li>Greater</li>
+<li>HardSigmoid</li>
+<li>Identity</li>
+<li>LeakyRelu</li>
+<li>Less</li>
+<li>Log</li>
+<li>MatMul</li>
+<li>Max</li>
+<li>MaxPool</li>
+<li>Mean</li>
+<li>Min</li>
+<li>Mul</li>
+<li>Neg</li>
+<li>NonZero</li>
+<li>Not</li>
+<li>OneHot</li>
+<li>Or</li>
+<li>Pad</li>
+<li>Pow</li>
+<li>PRelu</li>
+<li>Reciprocal</li>
+<li>ReduceMean</li>
+<li>ReduceSum</li>
+<li>Relu</li>
+<li>Reshape</li>
+<li>ScatterElements</li>
+<li>Selu</li>
+<li>Shape</li>
+<li>Sigmoid</li>
+<li>Sign</li>
+<li>Sin</li>
+<li>Sinh</li>
+<li>Slice</li>
+<li>Softmax</li>
+<li>Softplus</li>
+<li>Softsign</li>
+<li>Split</li>
+<li>Sqrt</li>
+<li>Squeeze</li>
+<li>Sub</li>
+<li>Sum</li>
+<li>Tan</li>
+<li>Tanh</li>
+<li>Tile</li>
+<li>Transpose</li>
+<li>Unsqueeze</li>
+<li>Upsample</li>
+<li>Where</li>
+<li>Xor</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="special-comments-for-onnx-backend"></a><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Special comments for ONNX backend</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Conv, MaxPool and AveragePool</p>
+<p>Input must be 1d<code>(N*C*H)</code> and 2d(<code>N*C*H*W</code>) shape and <code>dilation</code> must be 1.</p></li>
+<li><p>BatchNormalization</p>
+<p><code>epsilon</code> is 1e-05 and cannot be changed.</p></li>
+<li><p>Cast</p>
+<p>Only support float32 and int32, other types are casted to these two types.</p></li>
+<li><p>Squeeze and Unsqueeze</p>
+<p>If you encounter errors when you <code>Squeeze</code> or <code>Unsqueeze</code> between <code>Tensor</code> and
+Scalar, please report to us.</p></li>
+<li><p>Empty tensor Empty tensor is illegal in SINGA.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="implementation"></a><a href="#implementation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Implementation</h2>
+<p>The code of SINGA ONNX locates at <code>python/singa/soonx.py</code>. There are four main
+class, <code>SingaFrontend</code>, <code>SingaBackend</code>, <code>SingaRep</code> and <code>SONNXModel</code>.
+<code>SingaFrontend</code> translates a SINGA model to an ONNX model; <code>SingaBackend</code>
+translates an ONNX model to <code>SingaRep</code> object which stores all SINGA operators
+and tensors(the tensor in this doc means SINGA <code>Tensor</code>); <code>SingaRep</code> can be run
+like a SINGA model. <code>SONNXModel</code> inherits from <code>model.Model</code> which defines a
+unified API for SINGA.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="singafrontend"></a><a href="#singafrontend" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SingaFrontend</h3>
+<p>The entry function of <code>SingaFrontend</code> is <code>singa_to_onnx_model</code> which also is
+called <code>to_onnx</code>. <code>singa_to_onnx_model</code> creates the ONNX model, and it also
+create a ONNX graph by using <code>singa_to_onnx_graph</code>.</p>
+<p><code>singa_to_onnx_graph</code> accepts the output of the model, and recursively iterate
+the SINGA model's graph from the output to get all operators to form a queue.
+The input and intermediate tensors, i.e, trainable weights, of the SINGA model
+is picked up at the same time. The input is stored in <code>onnx_model.graph.input</code>;
+the output is stored in <code>onnx_model.graph.output</code>; and the trainable weights are
+stored in <code>onnx_model.graph.initializer</code>.</p>
+<p>Then the SINGA operator in the queue is translated to ONNX operators one by one.
+<code>_rename_operators</code> defines the operators name mapping between SINGA and ONNX.
+<code>_special_operators</code> defines which function to be used to translate the
+operator.</p>
+<p>In addition, some operators in SINGA has different definition with ONNX, that
+is, ONNX regards some attributes of SINGA operators as input, so
+<code>_unhandled_operators</code> defines which function to handle the special operator.</p>
+<p>Since the bool type is regarded as int32 in SINGA, <code>_bool_operators</code> defines the
+operators to be changed as bool type.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="singabackend"></a><a href="#singabackend" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SingaBackend</h3>
+<p>The entry function of <code>SingaBackend</code> is <code>prepare</code> which checks the version of
+ONNX model and call <code>_onnx_model_to_singa_ops</code> then.</p>
+<p>The purpose of <code>_onnx_model_to_singa_ops</code> is to get SINGA tensors and operators.
+The tensors are stored in a dictionary by their name in ONNX, and operators are
+stored in queue by the form of <code>namedtuple('SingaOps', ['node', 'operator'])</code>.
+For each operator, <code>node</code> is an instance from OnnxNode which is defined to store
+some basic information for an ONNX node; <code>operator</code> is the SINGA operator's
+forward function;</p>
+<p>The first step of <code>_onnx_model_to_singa_ops</code> has four steps, the first one is to
+call <code>_parse_graph_params</code> to get all tensors stored as <code>params</code>. Then call
+<code>_parse_graph_inputs_outputs</code> to get all input and output information stores as
+<code>inputs</code> and <code>outputs</code>. Finally, it iterators all nodes within the ONNX graph
+and parses it by <code>_onnx_node_to_singa_op</code> as SIGNA operators or layers and store
+them as <code>outputs</code>. Some weights are stored within an ONNX node called
+<code>Constant</code>, SONNX can handle them by <code>_onnx_constant_to_np</code> to store it into
+<code>params</code>.</p>
+<p>This class finally return a <code>SingaRep</code> object and stores above <code>params</code>,
+<code>inputs</code>, <code>outputs</code>, <code>layers</code>.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="singarep"></a><a href="#singarep" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SingaRep</h3>
+<p><code>SingaBackend</code> stores all SINGA tensors and operators. <code>run</code> accepts the input
+of the model and runs the SINGA operators one by one following the operators'
+queue. The user can use <code>last_layers</code> to cut off the model after the last few
+layers.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sonnxmodel"></a><a href="#sonnxmodel" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SONNXModel</h3>
+<p><code>SONNXModel</code> inherits from <code>sonnx.SONNXModel</code> and implements the method
+<code>forward</code> to provide a unified API with other SINGA models.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/11/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li><li><a href="#sonnxmodel">SONNXModel</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/optimizer.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Optimizer</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA supports various popular optimizers including stochastic gradient descent
+with momentum, Adam, RMSProp, and AdaGrad, etc. For each of the optimizer, it
+supports to use a decay schedular to schedule the learning rate to be applied in
+different epochs. The optimizers and the decay schedulers are included in
+<code>singa/opt.py</code>.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="create-an-optimizer"></a><a href="#create-an-optimizer" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Create an optimizer</h2>
+<ol>
+<li>SGD with momentum</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter learning rate</span>
+lr = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter momentum</span>
+momentum = <span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter weight decay</span>
+weight_decay = <span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=lr, momentum=momentum, weight_decay=weight_decay)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>RMSProp</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter learning rate</span>
+lr = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter rho</span>
+rho = <span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter epsilon</span>
+epsilon = <span class="hljs-number">1e-8</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter weight decay</span>
+weight_decay = <span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+sgd = opt.RMSProp(lr=lr, rho=rho, epsilon=epsilon, weight_decay=weight_decay)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>AdaGrad</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter learning rate</span>
+lr = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter epsilon</span>
+epsilon = <span class="hljs-number">1e-8</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter weight decay</span>
+weight_decay = <span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+sgd = opt.AdaGrad(lr=lr, epsilon=epsilon, weight_decay=weight_decay)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="4">
+<li>Adam</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter learning rate</span>
+lr = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter beta 1</span>
+beta_1= <span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter beta 2</span>
+beta_1= <span class="hljs-number">0.999</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter epsilon</span>
+epsilon = <span class="hljs-number">1e-8</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter weight decay</span>
+weight_decay = <span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+sgd = opt.Adam(lr=lr, beta_1=beta_1, beta_2=beta_2, epsilon=epsilon, weight_decay=weight_decay)
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="create-a-decay-scheduler"></a><a href="#create-a-decay-scheduler" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Create a Decay Scheduler</h2>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define initial learning rate</span>
+lr_init = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define the rate of decay in the decay scheduler</span>
+decay_rate = <span class="hljs-number">0.95</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define whether the learning rate schedule is a staircase shape</span>
+staircase=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define the decay step of the decay scheduler (in this example the lr is decreased at every 2 steps)</span>
+decay_steps = <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># create the decay scheduler, the schedule of lr becomes lr_init * (decay_rate ^ (step // decay_steps) )</span>
+lr = opt.ExponentialDecay(<span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.5</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># Use the lr to create an optimizer</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=lr, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use-the-optimizer-in-model-api"></a><a href="#use-the-optimizer-in-model-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Use the optimizer in Model API</h2>
+<p>When we create the model, we need to attach the optimizer to the model.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># create a CNN using the Model API</span>
+model = CNN()
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># initialize optimizer and attach it to the model</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Then, when we call the model, it runs the <code>train_one_batch</code> method that utilizes
+the optimizer.</p>
+<p>Hence, an example of an iterative loop to optimize the model is:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_train_batch):
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># generate the next mini-batch</span>
+ x, y = ...
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Copy the data into input tensors</span>
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(x)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(y)
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Training with one batch</span>
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/7/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-an-optimizer">Create an optimizer</a></li><li><a href="#create-a-decay-scheduler">Create a Decay Scheduler</a></li><li><a href="#use-the-optimizer-in-model-api">Use the optimizer in Model API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/optimizer.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Optimizer</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA supports various popular optimizers including stochastic gradient descent
+with momentum, Adam, RMSProp, and AdaGrad, etc. For each of the optimizer, it
+supports to use a decay schedular to schedule the learning rate to be applied in
+different epochs. The optimizers and the decay schedulers are included in
+<code>singa/opt.py</code>.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="create-an-optimizer"></a><a href="#create-an-optimizer" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Create an optimizer</h2>
+<ol>
+<li>SGD with momentum</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter learning rate</span>
+lr = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter momentum</span>
+momentum = <span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter weight decay</span>
+weight_decay = <span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=lr, momentum=momentum, weight_decay=weight_decay)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>RMSProp</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter learning rate</span>
+lr = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter rho</span>
+rho = <span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter epsilon</span>
+epsilon = <span class="hljs-number">1e-8</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter weight decay</span>
+weight_decay = <span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+sgd = opt.RMSProp(lr=lr, rho=rho, epsilon=epsilon, weight_decay=weight_decay)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>AdaGrad</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter learning rate</span>
+lr = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter epsilon</span>
+epsilon = <span class="hljs-number">1e-8</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter weight decay</span>
+weight_decay = <span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+sgd = opt.AdaGrad(lr=lr, epsilon=epsilon, weight_decay=weight_decay)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="4">
+<li>Adam</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter learning rate</span>
+lr = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter beta 1</span>
+beta_1= <span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter beta 2</span>
+beta_1= <span class="hljs-number">0.999</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter epsilon</span>
+epsilon = <span class="hljs-number">1e-8</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter weight decay</span>
+weight_decay = <span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+sgd = opt.Adam(lr=lr, beta_1=beta_1, beta_2=beta_2, epsilon=epsilon, weight_decay=weight_decay)
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="create-a-decay-scheduler"></a><a href="#create-a-decay-scheduler" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Create a Decay Scheduler</h2>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define initial learning rate</span>
+lr_init = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define the rate of decay in the decay scheduler</span>
+decay_rate = <span class="hljs-number">0.95</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define whether the learning rate schedule is a staircase shape</span>
+staircase=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define the decay step of the decay scheduler (in this example the lr is decreased at every 2 steps)</span>
+decay_steps = <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># create the decay scheduler, the schedule of lr becomes lr_init * (decay_rate ^ (step // decay_steps) )</span>
+lr = opt.ExponentialDecay(<span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.5</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># Use the lr to create an optimizer</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=lr, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use-the-optimizer-in-model-api"></a><a href="#use-the-optimizer-in-model-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Use the optimizer in Model API</h2>
+<p>When we create the model, we need to attach the optimizer to the model.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># create a CNN using the Model API</span>
+model = CNN()
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># initialize optimizer and attach it to the model</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Then, when we call the model, it runs the <code>train_one_batch</code> method that utilizes
+the optimizer.</p>
+<p>Hence, an example of an iterative loop to optimize the model is:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_train_batch):
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># generate the next mini-batch</span>
+ x, y = ...
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Copy the data into input tensors</span>
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(x)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(y)
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Training with one batch</span>
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/7/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-an-optimizer">Create an optimizer</a></li><li><a href="#create-a-decay-scheduler">Create a Decay Scheduler</a></li><li><a href="#use-the-optimizer-in-model-api">Use the optimizer in Model API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">singa-incubating-0.1.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
+learning models over large datasets. It is designed with an intuitive
+programming model based on the layer abstraction. SINGA supports a wide variety
+of popular deep learning models.</p>
+<p>This release includes following features:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Job management
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-3">SINGA-3</a> Use Zookeeper to
+check stopping (finish) time of the system</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-16">SINGA-16</a> Runtime Process
+id Management</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-25">SINGA-25</a> Setup glog output
+path</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-26">SINGA-26</a> Run distributed
+training in a single command</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-30">SINGA-30</a> Enhance
+easy-to-use feature and support concurrent jobs</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-33">SINGA-33</a> Automatically
+launch a number of processes in the cluster</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-34">SINGA-34</a> Support external
+zookeeper service</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-38">SINGA-38</a> Support
+concurrent jobs</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-39">SINGA-39</a> Avoid ssh in
+scripts for single node environment</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-43">SINGA-43</a> Remove
+Job-related output from workspace</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-56">SINGA-56</a> No automatic
+launching of zookeeper service</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-73">SINGA-73</a> Refine the
+selection of available hosts from host list</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Installation with GNU Auto tool
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-4">SINGA-4</a> Refine
+thirdparty-dependency installation</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-13">SINGA-13</a> Separate
+intermediate files of compilation from source files</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-17">SINGA-17</a> Add root
+permission within thirdparty/install.</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-27">SINGA-27</a> Generate python
+modules for proto objects</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-53">SINGA-53</a> Add lmdb
+compiling options</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-62">SINGA-62</a> Remove building
+scrips and auxiliary files</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-67">SINGA-67</a> Add singatest
+into build targets</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Distributed training
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-7">SINGA-7</a> Implement shared
+memory Hogwild algorithm</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-8">SINGA-8</a> Implement
+distributed Hogwild</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-19">SINGA-19</a> Slice large Param
+objects for load-balance</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-29">SINGA-29</a> Update NeuralNet
+class to enable layer partition type customization</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-24">SINGA-24</a> Implement
+Downpour training framework</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-32">SINGA-32</a> Implement
+AllReduce training framework</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-57">SINGA-57</a> Improve
+Distributed Hogwild</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Training algorithms for different model categories
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-9">SINGA-9</a> Add Support for
+Restricted Boltzman Machine (RBM) model</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-10">SINGA-10</a> Add Support for
+Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN)</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Checkpoint and restore
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-12">SINGA-12</a> Support
+Checkpoint and Restore</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Unit test
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-64">SINGA-64</a> Add the test
+module for utils/common</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Programming model
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-36">SINGA-36</a> Refactor job
+configuration, driver program and scripts</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-37">SINGA-37</a> Enable users to
+set parameter sharing in model configuration</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-54">SINGA-54</a> Refactor job
+configuration to move fields in ModelProto out</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-55">SINGA-55</a> Refactor main.cc
+and singa.h</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-61">SINGA-61</a> Support user
+defined classes</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-65">SINGA-65</a> Add an example of
+writing user-defined layers</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Other features
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-6">SINGA-6</a> Implement
+thread-safe singleton</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-18">SINGA-18</a> Update API for
+displaying performance metric</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-77">SINGA-77</a> Integrate with
+Apache RAT</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Some bugs are fixed during the development of this release</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-2">SINGA-2</a> Check failed:
+zsock_connect</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-5">SINGA-5</a> Server early
+terminate when zookeeper singa folder is not initially empty</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-15">SINGA-15</a> Fixg a bug from
+ConnectStub function which gets stuck for connecting layer<em>dealer</em></li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-22">SINGA-22</a> Cannot find
+openblas library when it is installed in default path</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-23">SINGA-23</a> Libtool version
+mismatch error.</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-28">SINGA-28</a> Fix a bug from
+topology sort of Graph</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-42">SINGA-42</a> Issue when loading
+checkpoints</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-44">SINGA-44</a> A bug when reseting
+metric values</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-46">SINGA-46</a> Fix a bug in
+updater.cc to scale the gradients</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-47">SINGA-47</a> Fix a bug in data
+layers that leads to out-of-memory when group size is too large</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-48">SINGA-48</a> Fix a bug in
+trainer.cc that assigns the same NeuralNet instance to workers from diff
+groups</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-49">SINGA-49</a> Fix a bug in
+HandlePutMsg func that sets param fields to invalid values</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-66">SINGA-66</a> Fix bugs in
+Worker::RunOneBatch function and ClusterProto</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-79">SINGA-79</a> Fix bug in
+singatool that can not parse -conf flag</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Features planned for the next release</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-11">SINGA-11</a> Start SINGA using
+Mesos</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-31">SINGA-31</a> Extend Blob to
+support xpu (cpu or gpu)</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-35">SINGA-35</a> Add random number
+generators</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-40">SINGA-40</a> Support sparse
+Param update</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-41">SINGA-41</a> Support single node
+single GPU training</li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>singa-incubating-0.1.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="singa-incubating-0.1.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
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+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">singa-incubating-0.1.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
+learning models over large datasets. It is designed with an intuitive
+programming model based on the layer abstraction. SINGA supports a wide variety
+of popular deep learning models.</p>
+<p>This release includes following features:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Job management
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-3">SINGA-3</a> Use Zookeeper to
+check stopping (finish) time of the system</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-16">SINGA-16</a> Runtime Process
+id Management</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-25">SINGA-25</a> Setup glog output
+path</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-26">SINGA-26</a> Run distributed
+training in a single command</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-30">SINGA-30</a> Enhance
+easy-to-use feature and support concurrent jobs</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-33">SINGA-33</a> Automatically
+launch a number of processes in the cluster</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-34">SINGA-34</a> Support external
+zookeeper service</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-38">SINGA-38</a> Support
+concurrent jobs</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-39">SINGA-39</a> Avoid ssh in
+scripts for single node environment</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-43">SINGA-43</a> Remove
+Job-related output from workspace</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-56">SINGA-56</a> No automatic
+launching of zookeeper service</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-73">SINGA-73</a> Refine the
+selection of available hosts from host list</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Installation with GNU Auto tool
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-4">SINGA-4</a> Refine
+thirdparty-dependency installation</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-13">SINGA-13</a> Separate
+intermediate files of compilation from source files</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-17">SINGA-17</a> Add root
+permission within thirdparty/install.</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-27">SINGA-27</a> Generate python
+modules for proto objects</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-53">SINGA-53</a> Add lmdb
+compiling options</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-62">SINGA-62</a> Remove building
+scrips and auxiliary files</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-67">SINGA-67</a> Add singatest
+into build targets</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Distributed training
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-7">SINGA-7</a> Implement shared
+memory Hogwild algorithm</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-8">SINGA-8</a> Implement
+distributed Hogwild</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-19">SINGA-19</a> Slice large Param
+objects for load-balance</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-29">SINGA-29</a> Update NeuralNet
+class to enable layer partition type customization</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-24">SINGA-24</a> Implement
+Downpour training framework</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-32">SINGA-32</a> Implement
+AllReduce training framework</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-57">SINGA-57</a> Improve
+Distributed Hogwild</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Training algorithms for different model categories
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-9">SINGA-9</a> Add Support for
+Restricted Boltzman Machine (RBM) model</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-10">SINGA-10</a> Add Support for
+Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN)</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Checkpoint and restore
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-12">SINGA-12</a> Support
+Checkpoint and Restore</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Unit test
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-64">SINGA-64</a> Add the test
+module for utils/common</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Programming model
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-36">SINGA-36</a> Refactor job
+configuration, driver program and scripts</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-37">SINGA-37</a> Enable users to
+set parameter sharing in model configuration</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-54">SINGA-54</a> Refactor job
+configuration to move fields in ModelProto out</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-55">SINGA-55</a> Refactor main.cc
+and singa.h</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-61">SINGA-61</a> Support user
+defined classes</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-65">SINGA-65</a> Add an example of
+writing user-defined layers</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Other features
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-6">SINGA-6</a> Implement
+thread-safe singleton</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-18">SINGA-18</a> Update API for
+displaying performance metric</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-77">SINGA-77</a> Integrate with
+Apache RAT</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Some bugs are fixed during the development of this release</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-2">SINGA-2</a> Check failed:
+zsock_connect</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-5">SINGA-5</a> Server early
+terminate when zookeeper singa folder is not initially empty</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-15">SINGA-15</a> Fixg a bug from
+ConnectStub function which gets stuck for connecting layer<em>dealer</em></li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-22">SINGA-22</a> Cannot find
+openblas library when it is installed in default path</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-23">SINGA-23</a> Libtool version
+mismatch error.</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-28">SINGA-28</a> Fix a bug from
+topology sort of Graph</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-42">SINGA-42</a> Issue when loading
+checkpoints</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-44">SINGA-44</a> A bug when reseting
+metric values</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-46">SINGA-46</a> Fix a bug in
+updater.cc to scale the gradients</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-47">SINGA-47</a> Fix a bug in data
+layers that leads to out-of-memory when group size is too large</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-48">SINGA-48</a> Fix a bug in
+trainer.cc that assigns the same NeuralNet instance to workers from diff
+groups</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-49">SINGA-49</a> Fix a bug in
+HandlePutMsg func that sets param fields to invalid values</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-66">SINGA-66</a> Fix bugs in
+Worker::RunOneBatch function and ClusterProto</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-79">SINGA-79</a> Fix bug in
+singatool that can not parse -conf flag</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Features planned for the next release</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-11">SINGA-11</a> Start SINGA using
+Mesos</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-31">SINGA-31</a> Extend Blob to
+support xpu (cpu or gpu)</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-35">SINGA-35</a> Add random number
+generators</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-40">SINGA-40</a> Support sparse
+Param update</li>
+<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-41">SINGA-41</a> Support single node
+single GPU training</li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>singa-incubating-0.2.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="singa-incubating-0.2.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">singa-incubating-0.2.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
+learning models over large datasets. It is designed with an intuitive
+programming model based on the layer abstraction. SINGA supports a wide variety
+of popular deep learning models.</p>
+<p>This release includes the following <strong>major features</strong>:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="../docs/gpu.html">Training on GPU</a> enables training of complex models on a
+single node with multiple GPU cards.</li>
+<li><a href="../docs/hybrid.html">Hybrid neural net partitioning</a> supports data and model
+parallelism at the same time.</li>
+<li><a href="../docs/python.html">Python wrapper</a> makes it easy to configure the job,
+including neural net and SGD algorithm.</li>
+<li><a href="../docs/general-rnn.html">RNN model and BPTT algorithm</a> are implemented to
+support applications based on RNN models, e.g., GRU.</li>
+<li><a href="../docs/distributed-training.md">Cloud software integration</a> includes Mesos,
+Docker and HDFS.</li>
+</ul>
+<p><strong>More details</strong> are listed as follows,</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Programming model
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-80] New Blob Level and Address Level Math Operation Interface</li>
+<li>[SINGA-82] Refactor input layers using data store abstraction</li>
+<li>[SINGA-87] Replace exclude field to include field for layer configuration</li>
+<li>[SINGA-110] Add Layer member datavec* and gradvec*</li>
+<li>[SINGA-120] Implemented GRU and BPTT (BPTTWorker)</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Neuralnet layers
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-91] Add SoftmaxLayer and ArgSortLayer</li>
+<li>[SINGA-106] Add dummy layer for test purpose</li>
+<li>[SINGA-120] Implemented GRU and BPTT (GRULayer and OneHotLayer)</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>GPU training support
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-100] Implement layers using CUDNN for GPU training</li>
+<li>[SINGA-104] Add Context Class</li>
+<li>[SINGA-105] Update GUN make files for compiling cuda related code</li>
+<li>[SINGA-98] Add Support for AlexNet ImageNet Classification Model</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Model/Hybrid partition
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-109] Refine bridge layers</li>
+<li>[SINGA-111] Add slice, concate and split layers</li>
+<li>[SINGA-113] Model/Hybrid Partition Support</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Python binding
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-108] Add Python wrapper to singa</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Predict-only mode
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-85] Add functions for extracting features and test new data</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Integrate with third-party tools
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-11] Start SINGA on Apache Mesos</li>
+<li>[SINGA-78] Use Doxygen to generate documentation</li>
+<li>[SINGA-89] Add Docker support</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Unit test
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-95] Add make test after building</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Other improvment
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-84] Header Files Rearrange</li>
+<li>[SINGA-93] Remove the asterisk in the log <a href="tcp://169.254.12.152">tcp://169.254.12.152</a>:*:49152</li>
+<li>[SINGA-94] Move call to google::InitGoogleLogging() from Driver::Init() to
+main()</li>
+<li>[SINGA-96] Add Momentum to Cifar10 Example</li>
+<li>[SINGA-101] Add ll (ls -l) command in .bashrc file when using docker</li>
+<li>[SINGA-114] Remove short logs in tmp directory</li>
+<li>[SINGA-115] Print layer debug information in the neural net graph file</li>
+<li>[SINGA-118] Make protobuf LayerType field id easy to assign</li>
+<li>[SIGNA-97] Add HDFS Store</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Bugs fixed
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-85] Fix compilation errors in examples</li>
+<li>[SINGA-90] Miscellaneous trivial bug fixes</li>
+<li>[SINGA-107] Error from loading pre-trained params for training stacked RBMs</li>
+<li>[SINGA-116] Fix a bug in InnerProductLayer caused by weight matrix sharing</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>singa-incubating-0.2.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="singa-incubating-0.2.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
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+ )
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">singa-incubating-0.2.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
+learning models over large datasets. It is designed with an intuitive
+programming model based on the layer abstraction. SINGA supports a wide variety
+of popular deep learning models.</p>
+<p>This release includes the following <strong>major features</strong>:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="../docs/gpu.html">Training on GPU</a> enables training of complex models on a
+single node with multiple GPU cards.</li>
+<li><a href="../docs/hybrid.html">Hybrid neural net partitioning</a> supports data and model
+parallelism at the same time.</li>
+<li><a href="../docs/python.html">Python wrapper</a> makes it easy to configure the job,
+including neural net and SGD algorithm.</li>
+<li><a href="../docs/general-rnn.html">RNN model and BPTT algorithm</a> are implemented to
+support applications based on RNN models, e.g., GRU.</li>
+<li><a href="../docs/distributed-training.md">Cloud software integration</a> includes Mesos,
+Docker and HDFS.</li>
+</ul>
+<p><strong>More details</strong> are listed as follows,</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Programming model
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-80] New Blob Level and Address Level Math Operation Interface</li>
+<li>[SINGA-82] Refactor input layers using data store abstraction</li>
+<li>[SINGA-87] Replace exclude field to include field for layer configuration</li>
+<li>[SINGA-110] Add Layer member datavec* and gradvec*</li>
+<li>[SINGA-120] Implemented GRU and BPTT (BPTTWorker)</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Neuralnet layers
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-91] Add SoftmaxLayer and ArgSortLayer</li>
+<li>[SINGA-106] Add dummy layer for test purpose</li>
+<li>[SINGA-120] Implemented GRU and BPTT (GRULayer and OneHotLayer)</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>GPU training support
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-100] Implement layers using CUDNN for GPU training</li>
+<li>[SINGA-104] Add Context Class</li>
+<li>[SINGA-105] Update GUN make files for compiling cuda related code</li>
+<li>[SINGA-98] Add Support for AlexNet ImageNet Classification Model</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Model/Hybrid partition
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-109] Refine bridge layers</li>
+<li>[SINGA-111] Add slice, concate and split layers</li>
+<li>[SINGA-113] Model/Hybrid Partition Support</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Python binding
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-108] Add Python wrapper to singa</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Predict-only mode
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-85] Add functions for extracting features and test new data</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Integrate with third-party tools
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-11] Start SINGA on Apache Mesos</li>
+<li>[SINGA-78] Use Doxygen to generate documentation</li>
+<li>[SINGA-89] Add Docker support</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Unit test
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-95] Add make test after building</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Other improvment
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-84] Header Files Rearrange</li>
+<li>[SINGA-93] Remove the asterisk in the log <a href="tcp://169.254.12.152">tcp://169.254.12.152</a>:*:49152</li>
+<li>[SINGA-94] Move call to google::InitGoogleLogging() from Driver::Init() to
+main()</li>
+<li>[SINGA-96] Add Momentum to Cifar10 Example</li>
+<li>[SINGA-101] Add ll (ls -l) command in .bashrc file when using docker</li>
+<li>[SINGA-114] Remove short logs in tmp directory</li>
+<li>[SINGA-115] Print layer debug information in the neural net graph file</li>
+<li>[SINGA-118] Make protobuf LayerType field id easy to assign</li>
+<li>[SIGNA-97] Add HDFS Store</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Bugs fixed
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-85] Fix compilation errors in examples</li>
+<li>[SINGA-90] Miscellaneous trivial bug fixes</li>
+<li>[SINGA-107] Error from loading pre-trained params for training stacked RBMs</li>
+<li>[SINGA-116] Fix a bug in InnerProductLayer caused by weight matrix sharing</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>singa-incubating-0.3.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="singa-incubating-0.3.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
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+ )
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">singa-incubating-0.3.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
+learning models over large datasets. It is designed with an intuitive
+programming model based on the layer abstraction. SINGA supports a wide variety
+of popular deep learning models.</p>
+<p>This release includes following features:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>GPU Support</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-131] Implement and optimize hybrid training using both CPU and GPU</li>
+<li>[SINGA-136] Support cuDNN v4</li>
+<li>[SINGA-134] Extend SINGA to run over a GPU cluster</li>
+<li>[SINGA-157] Change the priority of cudnn library and install libsingagpu.so</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Remove Dependences</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-156] Remove the dependency on ZMQ for single process training</li>
+<li>[SINGA-155] Remove zookeeper for single-process training</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Python Binding</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-126] Python Binding for Interactive Training</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Other Improvements</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-80] New Blob Level and Address Level Math Operation Interface</li>
+<li>[SINGA-130] Data Prefetching</li>
+<li>[SINGA-145] New SGD based optimization Updaters: AdaDelta, Adam, AdamMax</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Bugs Fixed</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-148] Race condition between Worker threads and Driver</li>
+<li>[SINGA-150] Mesos Docker container failed</li>
+<li>[SIGNA-141] Undesired Hash collision when locating process id to worker…</li>
+<li>[SINGA-149] Docker build fail</li>
+<li>[SINGA-143] The compilation cannot detect libsingagpu.so file</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+ </script><script>
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>singa-incubating-0.3.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="singa-incubating-0.3.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">singa-incubating-0.3.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
+learning models over large datasets. It is designed with an intuitive
+programming model based on the layer abstraction. SINGA supports a wide variety
+of popular deep learning models.</p>
+<p>This release includes following features:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>GPU Support</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-131] Implement and optimize hybrid training using both CPU and GPU</li>
+<li>[SINGA-136] Support cuDNN v4</li>
+<li>[SINGA-134] Extend SINGA to run over a GPU cluster</li>
+<li>[SINGA-157] Change the priority of cudnn library and install libsingagpu.so</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Remove Dependences</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-156] Remove the dependency on ZMQ for single process training</li>
+<li>[SINGA-155] Remove zookeeper for single-process training</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Python Binding</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-126] Python Binding for Interactive Training</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Other Improvements</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-80] New Blob Level and Address Level Math Operation Interface</li>
+<li>[SINGA-130] Data Prefetching</li>
+<li>[SINGA-145] New SGD based optimization Updaters: AdaDelta, Adam, AdamMax</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Bugs Fixed</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-148] Race condition between Worker threads and Driver</li>
+<li>[SINGA-150] Mesos Docker container failed</li>
+<li>[SIGNA-141] Undesired Hash collision when locating process id to worker…</li>
+<li>[SINGA-149] Docker build fail</li>
+<li>[SINGA-143] The compilation cannot detect libsingagpu.so file</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>singa-incubating-1.0.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="singa-incubating-1.0.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">singa-incubating-1.0.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
+learning models over large datasets. It is designed with an intuitive
+programming model based on the layer abstraction. SINGA supports a wide variety
+of popular deep learning models.</p>
+<p>This release includes following features:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Core abstractions including Tensor and Device
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-207] Update Tensor functions for matrices</li>
+<li>[SINGA-205] Enable slice and concatenate operations for Tensor objects</li>
+<li>[SINGA-197] Add CNMem as a submodule in lib/</li>
+<li>[SINGA-196] Rename class Blob to Block</li>
+<li>[SINGA-194] Add a Platform singleton</li>
+<li>[SINGA-175] Add memory management APIs and implement a subclass using CNMeM</li>
+<li>[SINGA-173] OpenCL Implementation</li>
+<li>[SINGA-171] Create CppDevice and CudaDevice</li>
+<li>[SINGA-168] Implement Cpp Math functions APIs</li>
+<li>[SINGA-162] Overview of features for V1.x</li>
+<li>[SINGA-165] Add cross-platform timer API to singa</li>
+<li>[SINGA-167] Add Tensor Math function APIs</li>
+<li>[SINGA-166] light built-in logging for making glog optional</li>
+<li>[SINGA-164] Add the base Tensor class</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>IO components for file read/write, network and data pre-processing
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-233] New communication interface</li>
+<li>[SINGA-215] Implement Image Transformation for Image Pre-processing</li>
+<li>[SINGA-214] Add LMDBReader and LMDBWriter for LMDB</li>
+<li>[SINGA-213] Implement Encoder and Decoder for CSV</li>
+<li>[SINGA-211] Add TextFileReader and TextFileWriter for CSV files</li>
+<li>[SINGA-210] Enable checkpoint and resume for v1.0</li>
+<li>[SINGA-208] Add DataIter base class and a simple implementation</li>
+<li>[SINGA-203] Add OpenCV detection for cmake compilation</li>
+<li>[SINGA-202] Add reader and writer for binary file</li>
+<li>[SINGA-200] Implement Encoder and Decoder for data pre-processing</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Module components including layer classes, training algorithms and Python
+binding
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-235] Unify the engines for cudnn and singa layers</li>
+<li>[SINGA-230] OpenCL Convolution layer and Pooling layer</li>
+<li>[SINGA-222] Fixed bugs in IO</li>
+<li>[SINGA-218] Implementation for RNN CUDNN version</li>
+<li>[SINGA-204] Support the training of feed-forward neural nets</li>
+<li>[SINGA-199] Implement Python classes for SGD optimizers</li>
+<li>[SINGA-198] Change Layer::Setup API to include input Tensor shapes</li>
+<li>[SINGA-193] Add Python layers</li>
+<li>[SINGA-192] Implement optimization algorithms for SINGA v1 (nesterove,
+adagrad, rmsprop)</li>
+<li>[SINGA-191] Add "autotune" for CudnnConvolution Layer</li>
+<li>[SINGA-190] Add prelu layer and flatten layer</li>
+<li>[SINGA-189] Generate python outputs of proto files</li>
+<li>[SINGA-188] Add Dense layer</li>
+<li>[SINGA-187] Add popular parameter initialization methods</li>
+<li>[SINGA-186] Create Python Tensor class</li>
+<li>[SINGA-184] Add Cross Entropy loss computation</li>
+<li>[SINGA-183] Add the base classes for optimizer, constraint and regularizer</li>
+<li>[SINGA-180] Add Activation layer and Softmax layer</li>
+<li>[SINGA-178] Add Convolution layer and Pooling layer</li>
+<li>[SINGA-176] Add loss and metric base classes</li>
+<li>[SINGA-174] Add Batch Normalization layer and Local Response Nomalization
+layer.</li>
+<li>[SINGA-170] Add Dropout layer and CudnnDropout layer.</li>
+<li>[SINGA-169] Add base Layer class for V1.0</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Examples</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-232] Alexnet on Imagenet</li>
+<li>[SINGA-231] Batchnormlized VGG model for cifar-10</li>
+<li>[SINGA-228] Add Cpp Version of Convolution and Pooling layer</li>
+<li>[SINGA-227] Add Split and Merge Layer and add ResNet Implementation</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Documentation</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-239] Transfer documentation files of v0.3.0 to github</li>
+<li>[SINGA-238] RBM on mnist</li>
+<li>[SINGA-225] Documentation for installation and Cifar10 example</li>
+<li>[SINGA-223] Use Sphinx to create the website</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Tools for compilation and some utility code</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-229] Complete install targets</li>
+<li>[SINGA-221] Support for Travis-CI</li>
+<li>[SINGA-217] build python package with setup.py</li>
+<li>[SINGA-216] add jenkins for CI support</li>
+<li>[SINGA-212] Disable the compilation of libcnmem if USE_CUDA is OFF</li>
+<li>[SINGA-195] Channel for sending training statistics</li>
+<li>[SINGA-185] Add CBLAS and GLOG detection for singav1</li>
+<li>[SINGA-181] Add NVCC supporting for .cu files</li>
+<li>[SINGA-177] Add fully cmake supporting for the compilation of singa_v1</li>
+<li>[SINGA-172] Add CMake supporting for Cuda and Cudnn libs</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>singa-incubating-1.0.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="singa-incubating-1.0.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">singa-incubating-1.0.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
+learning models over large datasets. It is designed with an intuitive
+programming model based on the layer abstraction. SINGA supports a wide variety
+of popular deep learning models.</p>
+<p>This release includes following features:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Core abstractions including Tensor and Device
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-207] Update Tensor functions for matrices</li>
+<li>[SINGA-205] Enable slice and concatenate operations for Tensor objects</li>
+<li>[SINGA-197] Add CNMem as a submodule in lib/</li>
+<li>[SINGA-196] Rename class Blob to Block</li>
+<li>[SINGA-194] Add a Platform singleton</li>
+<li>[SINGA-175] Add memory management APIs and implement a subclass using CNMeM</li>
+<li>[SINGA-173] OpenCL Implementation</li>
+<li>[SINGA-171] Create CppDevice and CudaDevice</li>
+<li>[SINGA-168] Implement Cpp Math functions APIs</li>
+<li>[SINGA-162] Overview of features for V1.x</li>
+<li>[SINGA-165] Add cross-platform timer API to singa</li>
+<li>[SINGA-167] Add Tensor Math function APIs</li>
+<li>[SINGA-166] light built-in logging for making glog optional</li>
+<li>[SINGA-164] Add the base Tensor class</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>IO components for file read/write, network and data pre-processing
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-233] New communication interface</li>
+<li>[SINGA-215] Implement Image Transformation for Image Pre-processing</li>
+<li>[SINGA-214] Add LMDBReader and LMDBWriter for LMDB</li>
+<li>[SINGA-213] Implement Encoder and Decoder for CSV</li>
+<li>[SINGA-211] Add TextFileReader and TextFileWriter for CSV files</li>
+<li>[SINGA-210] Enable checkpoint and resume for v1.0</li>
+<li>[SINGA-208] Add DataIter base class and a simple implementation</li>
+<li>[SINGA-203] Add OpenCV detection for cmake compilation</li>
+<li>[SINGA-202] Add reader and writer for binary file</li>
+<li>[SINGA-200] Implement Encoder and Decoder for data pre-processing</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Module components including layer classes, training algorithms and Python
+binding
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-235] Unify the engines for cudnn and singa layers</li>
+<li>[SINGA-230] OpenCL Convolution layer and Pooling layer</li>
+<li>[SINGA-222] Fixed bugs in IO</li>
+<li>[SINGA-218] Implementation for RNN CUDNN version</li>
+<li>[SINGA-204] Support the training of feed-forward neural nets</li>
+<li>[SINGA-199] Implement Python classes for SGD optimizers</li>
+<li>[SINGA-198] Change Layer::Setup API to include input Tensor shapes</li>
+<li>[SINGA-193] Add Python layers</li>
+<li>[SINGA-192] Implement optimization algorithms for SINGA v1 (nesterove,
+adagrad, rmsprop)</li>
+<li>[SINGA-191] Add "autotune" for CudnnConvolution Layer</li>
+<li>[SINGA-190] Add prelu layer and flatten layer</li>
+<li>[SINGA-189] Generate python outputs of proto files</li>
+<li>[SINGA-188] Add Dense layer</li>
+<li>[SINGA-187] Add popular parameter initialization methods</li>
+<li>[SINGA-186] Create Python Tensor class</li>
+<li>[SINGA-184] Add Cross Entropy loss computation</li>
+<li>[SINGA-183] Add the base classes for optimizer, constraint and regularizer</li>
+<li>[SINGA-180] Add Activation layer and Softmax layer</li>
+<li>[SINGA-178] Add Convolution layer and Pooling layer</li>
+<li>[SINGA-176] Add loss and metric base classes</li>
+<li>[SINGA-174] Add Batch Normalization layer and Local Response Nomalization
+layer.</li>
+<li>[SINGA-170] Add Dropout layer and CudnnDropout layer.</li>
+<li>[SINGA-169] Add base Layer class for V1.0</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Examples</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-232] Alexnet on Imagenet</li>
+<li>[SINGA-231] Batchnormlized VGG model for cifar-10</li>
+<li>[SINGA-228] Add Cpp Version of Convolution and Pooling layer</li>
+<li>[SINGA-227] Add Split and Merge Layer and add ResNet Implementation</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Documentation</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-239] Transfer documentation files of v0.3.0 to github</li>
+<li>[SINGA-238] RBM on mnist</li>
+<li>[SINGA-225] Documentation for installation and Cifar10 example</li>
+<li>[SINGA-223] Use Sphinx to create the website</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Tools for compilation and some utility code</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-229] Complete install targets</li>
+<li>[SINGA-221] Support for Travis-CI</li>
+<li>[SINGA-217] build python package with setup.py</li>
+<li>[SINGA-216] add jenkins for CI support</li>
+<li>[SINGA-212] Disable the compilation of libcnmem if USE_CUDA is OFF</li>
+<li>[SINGA-195] Channel for sending training statistics</li>
+<li>[SINGA-185] Add CBLAS and GLOG detection for singav1</li>
+<li>[SINGA-181] Add NVCC supporting for .cu files</li>
+<li>[SINGA-177] Add fully cmake supporting for the compilation of singa_v1</li>
+<li>[SINGA-172] Add CMake supporting for Cuda and Cudnn libs</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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\ No newline at end of file
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>singa-incubating-1.1.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="singa-incubating-1.1.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">singa-incubating-1.1.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
+learning models over large datasets.</p>
+<p>This release includes following features:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Core components</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-296] Add sign and to_host function for pysinga tensor module</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Model components</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-254] Implement Adam for V1</li>
+<li>[SINGA-264] Extend the FeedForwardNet to accept multiple inputs</li>
+<li>[SINGA-267] Add spatial mode in batch normalization layer</li>
+<li>[SINGA-271] Add Concat and Slice layers</li>
+<li>[SINGA-275] Add Cross Entropy Loss for multiple labels</li>
+<li>[SINGA-278] Convert trained caffe parameters to singa</li>
+<li>[SINGA-287] Add memory size check for cudnn convolution</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Utility functions and CI</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-242] Compile all source files into a single library.</li>
+<li>[SINGA-244] Separating swig interface and python binding files</li>
+<li>[SINGA-246] Imgtool for image augmentation</li>
+<li>[SINGA-247] Add windows support for singa</li>
+<li>[SINGA-251] Implement image loader for pysinga</li>
+<li>[SINGA-252] Use the snapshot methods to dump and load models for pysinga</li>
+<li>[SINGA-255] Compile mandatory dependent libaries together with SINGA code</li>
+<li>[SINGA-259] Add maven pom file for building java classes</li>
+<li>[SINGA-261] Add version ID into the checkpoint files</li>
+<li>[SINGA-266] Add Rafiki python toolkits</li>
+<li>[SINGA-273] Improve license and contributions</li>
+<li>[SINGA-284] Add python unittest into Jenkins and link static libs into whl
+file</li>
+<li>[SINGA-280] Jenkins CI support</li>
+<li>[SINGA-288] Publish wheel of PySINGA generated by Jenkins to public servers</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Documentation and usability</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-263] Create Amazon Machine Image</li>
+<li>[SINGA-268] Add IPython notebooks to the documentation</li>
+<li>[SINGA-276] Create docker images</li>
+<li>[SINGA-289] Update SINGA website automatically using Jenkins</li>
+<li>[SINGA-295] Add an example of image classification using GoogleNet</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Bugs fixed</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-245] float as the first operand can not multiply with a tensor object</li>
+<li>[SINGA-293] Bug from compiling PySINGA on Mac OS X with multiple version of
+Python</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+ if (e.keyCode === 191) {
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+ });
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\ No newline at end of file
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>singa-incubating-1.1.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="singa-incubating-1.1.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">singa-incubating-1.1.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
+learning models over large datasets.</p>
+<p>This release includes following features:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Core components</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-296] Add sign and to_host function for pysinga tensor module</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Model components</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-254] Implement Adam for V1</li>
+<li>[SINGA-264] Extend the FeedForwardNet to accept multiple inputs</li>
+<li>[SINGA-267] Add spatial mode in batch normalization layer</li>
+<li>[SINGA-271] Add Concat and Slice layers</li>
+<li>[SINGA-275] Add Cross Entropy Loss for multiple labels</li>
+<li>[SINGA-278] Convert trained caffe parameters to singa</li>
+<li>[SINGA-287] Add memory size check for cudnn convolution</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Utility functions and CI</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-242] Compile all source files into a single library.</li>
+<li>[SINGA-244] Separating swig interface and python binding files</li>
+<li>[SINGA-246] Imgtool for image augmentation</li>
+<li>[SINGA-247] Add windows support for singa</li>
+<li>[SINGA-251] Implement image loader for pysinga</li>
+<li>[SINGA-252] Use the snapshot methods to dump and load models for pysinga</li>
+<li>[SINGA-255] Compile mandatory dependent libaries together with SINGA code</li>
+<li>[SINGA-259] Add maven pom file for building java classes</li>
+<li>[SINGA-261] Add version ID into the checkpoint files</li>
+<li>[SINGA-266] Add Rafiki python toolkits</li>
+<li>[SINGA-273] Improve license and contributions</li>
+<li>[SINGA-284] Add python unittest into Jenkins and link static libs into whl
+file</li>
+<li>[SINGA-280] Jenkins CI support</li>
+<li>[SINGA-288] Publish wheel of PySINGA generated by Jenkins to public servers</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Documentation and usability</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-263] Create Amazon Machine Image</li>
+<li>[SINGA-268] Add IPython notebooks to the documentation</li>
+<li>[SINGA-276] Create docker images</li>
+<li>[SINGA-289] Update SINGA website automatically using Jenkins</li>
+<li>[SINGA-295] Add an example of image classification using GoogleNet</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Bugs fixed</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-245] float as the first operand can not multiply with a tensor object</li>
+<li>[SINGA-293] Bug from compiling PySINGA on Mac OS X with multiple version of
+Python</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+ </script><script>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>singa-incubating-1.2.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="singa-incubating-1.2.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">singa-incubating-1.2.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
+learning models over large datasets.</p>
+<p>This release includes following features:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Core components</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-290] Upgrade to Python 3</li>
+<li>[SINGA-341] Added stride functionality to tensors for CPP</li>
+<li>[SINGA-347] Create a function that supports einsum</li>
+<li>[SINGA-351] Added stride support and cudnn codes to cuda</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Model components</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-300] Add residual networks for imagenet classification</li>
+<li>[SINGA-312] Rename layer parameters</li>
+<li>[SINGA-313] Add L2 norm layer</li>
+<li>[SINGA-315] Reduce memory footprint by Python generator for parameter</li>
+<li>[SINGA-316] Add SigmoidCrossEntropy</li>
+<li>[SINGA-324] Extend RNN layer to accept variant seq length across batches</li>
+<li>[SINGA-326] Add Inception V4 for ImageNet classification</li>
+<li>[SINGA-328] Add VGG models for ImageNet classification</li>
+<li>[SINGA-329] Support layer freezing during training (fine-tuning)</li>
+<li>[SINGA-346] Update cudnn from V5 to V7</li>
+<li>[SINGA-349] Create layer operations for autograd</li>
+<li>[SINGA-363] Add DenseNet for Imagenet classification</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Utility functions and CI</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-274] Improve Debian packaging with CPack</li>
+<li>[SINGA-303] Create conda packages</li>
+<li>[SINGA-337] Add test cases for code</li>
+<li>[SINGA-348] Support autograd MLP Example</li>
+<li>[SINGA-345] Update Jenkins and fix bugs in compliation</li>
+<li>[SINGA-354] Update travis scripts to use conda-build for all platforms</li>
+<li>[SINGA-358] Consolidated RUN steps and cleaned caches in Docker containers</li>
+<li>[SINGA-359] Create alias for conda packages</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Documentation and usability</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-223] Fix side navigation menu in the website</li>
+<li>[SINGA-294] Add instructions to run CUDA unit tests on Windows</li>
+<li>[SINGA-305] Add jupyter notebooks for SINGA V1 tutorial</li>
+<li>[SINGA-319] Fix link errors on the index page</li>
+<li>[SINGA-352] Complete SINGA documentation in Chinese version</li>
+<li>[SINGA-361] Add git instructions for contributors and committers</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Bugs fixed</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-330] fix openblas building on i7 7700k</li>
+<li>[SINGA-331] Fix the bug of tensor division operation</li>
+<li>[SINGA-350] Error from python3 test</li>
+<li>[SINGA-356] Error using travis tool to build SINGA on mac os</li>
+<li>[SINGA-363] Fix some bugs in imagenet examples</li>
+<li>[SINGA-368] Fix the bug in Cifar10 examples</li>
+<li>[SINGA-369] the errors of examples in testing</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+ return;
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+ search && search.focus();
+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
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+ indexName: 'apache_singa',
+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
+ algoliaOptions: {"facetFilters":["language:en","version:3.0.0"]}
+ });
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>singa-incubating-1.2.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="singa-incubating-1.2.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">singa-incubating-1.2.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
+learning models over large datasets.</p>
+<p>This release includes following features:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Core components</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-290] Upgrade to Python 3</li>
+<li>[SINGA-341] Added stride functionality to tensors for CPP</li>
+<li>[SINGA-347] Create a function that supports einsum</li>
+<li>[SINGA-351] Added stride support and cudnn codes to cuda</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Model components</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-300] Add residual networks for imagenet classification</li>
+<li>[SINGA-312] Rename layer parameters</li>
+<li>[SINGA-313] Add L2 norm layer</li>
+<li>[SINGA-315] Reduce memory footprint by Python generator for parameter</li>
+<li>[SINGA-316] Add SigmoidCrossEntropy</li>
+<li>[SINGA-324] Extend RNN layer to accept variant seq length across batches</li>
+<li>[SINGA-326] Add Inception V4 for ImageNet classification</li>
+<li>[SINGA-328] Add VGG models for ImageNet classification</li>
+<li>[SINGA-329] Support layer freezing during training (fine-tuning)</li>
+<li>[SINGA-346] Update cudnn from V5 to V7</li>
+<li>[SINGA-349] Create layer operations for autograd</li>
+<li>[SINGA-363] Add DenseNet for Imagenet classification</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Utility functions and CI</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-274] Improve Debian packaging with CPack</li>
+<li>[SINGA-303] Create conda packages</li>
+<li>[SINGA-337] Add test cases for code</li>
+<li>[SINGA-348] Support autograd MLP Example</li>
+<li>[SINGA-345] Update Jenkins and fix bugs in compliation</li>
+<li>[SINGA-354] Update travis scripts to use conda-build for all platforms</li>
+<li>[SINGA-358] Consolidated RUN steps and cleaned caches in Docker containers</li>
+<li>[SINGA-359] Create alias for conda packages</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Documentation and usability</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-223] Fix side navigation menu in the website</li>
+<li>[SINGA-294] Add instructions to run CUDA unit tests on Windows</li>
+<li>[SINGA-305] Add jupyter notebooks for SINGA V1 tutorial</li>
+<li>[SINGA-319] Fix link errors on the index page</li>
+<li>[SINGA-352] Complete SINGA documentation in Chinese version</li>
+<li>[SINGA-361] Add git instructions for contributors and committers</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Bugs fixed</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-330] fix openblas building on i7 7700k</li>
+<li>[SINGA-331] Fix the bug of tensor division operation</li>
+<li>[SINGA-350] Error from python3 test</li>
+<li>[SINGA-356] Error using travis tool to build SINGA on mac os</li>
+<li>[SINGA-363] Fix some bugs in imagenet examples</li>
+<li>[SINGA-368] Fix the bug in Cifar10 examples</li>
+<li>[SINGA-369] the errors of examples in testing</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>singa-incubating-2.0.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="singa-incubating-2.0.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
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+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">singa-incubating-2.0.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
+learning models over large datasets.</p>
+<p>This release includes following features:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Core components</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-434] Support tensor broadcasting</li>
+<li>[SINGA-370] Improvement to tensor reshape and various misc. changes related
+to SINGA-341 and 351</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Model components</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-333] Add support for Open Neural Network Exchange (ONNX) format</li>
+<li>[SINGA-385] Add new python module for optimizers</li>
+<li>[SINGA-394] Improve the CPP operations via Intel MKL DNN lib</li>
+<li>[SINGA-425] Add 3 operators , Abs(), Exp() and leakyrelu(), for Autograd</li>
+<li>[SINGA-410] Add two function, set_params() and get_params(), for Autograd
+Layer class</li>
+<li>[SINGA-383] Add Separable Convolution for autograd</li>
+<li>[SINGA-388] Develop some RNN layers by calling tiny operations like matmul,
+addbias.</li>
+<li>[SINGA-382] Implement concat operation for autograd</li>
+<li>[SINGA-378] Implement maxpooling operation and its related functions for
+autograd</li>
+<li>[SINGA-379] Implement batchnorm operation and its related functions for
+autograd</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Utility functions and CI</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-432] Update depdent lib versions in conda-build config</li>
+<li>[SINGA-429] Update docker images for latest cuda and cudnn</li>
+<li>[SINGA-428] Move Docker images under Apache user name</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Documentation and usability</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-395] Add documentation for autograd APIs</li>
+<li>[SINGA-344] Add a GAN example</li>
+<li>[SINGA-390] Update installation.md</li>
+<li>[SINGA-384] Implement ResNet using autograd API</li>
+<li>[SINGA-352] Complete SINGA documentation in Chinese version</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Bugs fixed
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-431] Unit Test failed - Tensor Transpose</li>
+<li>[SINGA-422] ModuleNotFoundError: No module named "_singa_wrap"</li>
+<li>[SINGA-418] Unsupportive type 'long' in python3.</li>
+<li>[SINGA-409] Basic <code>singa-cpu</code> import throws error</li>
+<li>[SINGA-408] Unsupportive function definition in python3</li>
+<li>[SINGA-380] Fix bugs from Reshape</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>singa-incubating-2.0.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="singa-incubating-2.0.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">singa-incubating-2.0.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
+learning models over large datasets.</p>
+<p>This release includes following features:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Core components</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-434] Support tensor broadcasting</li>
+<li>[SINGA-370] Improvement to tensor reshape and various misc. changes related
+to SINGA-341 and 351</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Model components</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-333] Add support for Open Neural Network Exchange (ONNX) format</li>
+<li>[SINGA-385] Add new python module for optimizers</li>
+<li>[SINGA-394] Improve the CPP operations via Intel MKL DNN lib</li>
+<li>[SINGA-425] Add 3 operators , Abs(), Exp() and leakyrelu(), for Autograd</li>
+<li>[SINGA-410] Add two function, set_params() and get_params(), for Autograd
+Layer class</li>
+<li>[SINGA-383] Add Separable Convolution for autograd</li>
+<li>[SINGA-388] Develop some RNN layers by calling tiny operations like matmul,
+addbias.</li>
+<li>[SINGA-382] Implement concat operation for autograd</li>
+<li>[SINGA-378] Implement maxpooling operation and its related functions for
+autograd</li>
+<li>[SINGA-379] Implement batchnorm operation and its related functions for
+autograd</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Utility functions and CI</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-432] Update depdent lib versions in conda-build config</li>
+<li>[SINGA-429] Update docker images for latest cuda and cudnn</li>
+<li>[SINGA-428] Move Docker images under Apache user name</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Documentation and usability</p>
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-395] Add documentation for autograd APIs</li>
+<li>[SINGA-344] Add a GAN example</li>
+<li>[SINGA-390] Update installation.md</li>
+<li>[SINGA-384] Implement ResNet using autograd API</li>
+<li>[SINGA-352] Complete SINGA documentation in Chinese version</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Bugs fixed
+<ul>
+<li>[SINGA-431] Unit Test failed - Tensor Transpose</li>
+<li>[SINGA-422] ModuleNotFoundError: No module named "_singa_wrap"</li>
+<li>[SINGA-418] Unsupportive type 'long' in python3.</li>
+<li>[SINGA-409] Basic <code>singa-cpu</code> import throws error</li>
+<li>[SINGA-408] Unsupportive function definition in python3</li>
+<li>[SINGA-380] Fix bugs from Reshape</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Apache SINGA-3.0.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Apache SINGA-3.0.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Apache SINGA-3.0.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
+<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Code quality has been promoted by introducing linting check in CI and auto
+code formatter. For linting, the tools, <code>cpplint</code> and <code>pylint</code>, are used and
+configured to comply
+<a href="http://google.github.io/styleguide/">google coding styles</a> details in
+<code>tool/linting/</code>. Similarly, formatting tools, <code>clang-format</code> and <code>yapf</code>
+configured with google coding styles, are the recommended one for developers
+to clean code before submitting changes, details in <code>tool/code-format/</code>.
+<a href="https://lgtm.com">LGTM</a> is enabled on Github for code quality check; License
+check is also enabled.</p></li>
+<li><p>New Tensor APIs are added for naming consistency, and feature enhancement:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>size(), mem_size(), get_value(), to_proto(), l1(), l2(): added for the sake
+of naming consistency</li>
+<li>AsType(): convert data type between <code>float</code> and <code>int</code></li>
+<li>ceil(): perform element-wise ceiling of the input</li>
+<li>concat(): concatenate two tensor</li>
+<li>index selector: e.g. tensor1[:,:,1:,1:]</li>
+<li>softmax(in, axis): allow to perform softmax on a axis on a multi-dimensional
+tensor</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>14 new operators are added into the autograd module: Gemm, GlobalAveragePool,
+ConstantOfShape, Dropout, ReduceSum, ReduceMean, Slice, Ceil, Split, Gather,
+Tile, NonZero, Cast, OneHot. Their unit tests are added as well.</p></li>
+<li><p>14 new operators are added to sonnx module for both backend and frontend:
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Gemm">Gemm</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#GlobalAveragePool">GlobalAveragePool</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#ConstantOfShape">ConstantOfShape</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Dropout">Dropout</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#ReduceSum">ReduceSum</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#ReduceMean">ReduceMean</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Slice">Slice</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Ceil">Ceil</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Split">Split</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Gather">Gather</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Tile">Tile</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#NonZero">NonZero</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Cast">Cast</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#OneHot">OneHot</a>.
+Their tests are added as well.</p></li>
+<li><p>Some ONNX models are imported into SINGA, including
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/text/machine_comprehension/bert-squad">Bert-squad</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/body_analysis/arcface">Arcface</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/body_analysis/emotion_ferplus">FER+ Emotion</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/mobilenet">MobileNet</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/resnet">ResNet18</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/object_detection_segmentation/tiny_yolov2">Tiny Yolov2</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/vgg">Vgg16</a>,
+and Mnist.</p></li>
+<li><p>Some operators now support
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Broadcasting.md#multidirectional-broadcasting">multidirectional broadcasting</a>,
+including Add, Sub, Mul, Div, Pow, PRelu, Gemm</p></li>
+<li><p>[Distributed training with communication optimization].
+<a href="./python/singa/opt.py">DistOpt</a> has implemented multiple optimization
+techniques, including gradient sparsification, chunk transmission, and
+gradient compression.</p></li>
+<li><p>Computational graph construction at the CPP level. The operations submitted to
+the Device are buffered. After analyzing the dependency, the computational
+graph is created, which is further analyzed for speed and memory optimization.
+To enable this feature, use the <a href="./python/singa/module.py">Module API</a>.</p></li>
+<li><p>New website based on Docusaurus. The documentation files are moved to a
+separate repo <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc">singa-doc</a>. The static
+website files are stored at
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-site">singa-site</a>.</p></li>
+<li><p>DNNL(<a href="https://github.com/intel/mkl-dnn">Deep Neural Network Library</a>), powered
+by Intel, is integrated into
+<code>model/operations/[batchnorm|pooling|convolution]</code>, the changes is opaque to
+the end users. The current version is dnnl v1.1 which replaced previous
+integration of mkl-dnn v0.18. The framework could boost the performance of dl
+operations when executing on CPU. The dnnl dependency is installed through
+conda.</p></li>
+<li><p>Some Tensor APIs are marked as deprecated which could be replaced by
+broadcast, and it can support better on multi-dimensional operations. These
+APIs are add_column(), add_row(), div_column(), div_row(), mult_column(),
+mult_row()</p></li>
+<li><p>Conv and Pooling are enhanced to support fine-grained padding like (2,3,2,3),
+and
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Conv">SAME_UPPER, SAME_LOWER</a>
+pad mode and shape checking.</p></li>
+<li><p>Reconstruct soonx,</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Support two types of weight value (Initializer and Constant Node);</li>
+<li>For some operators (BatchNorm, Reshape, Clip, Slice, Gather, Tile, OneHot),
+move some inputs to its attributes;</li>
+<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>singa-3.0.0.rc1 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="singa-3.0.0.rc1 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">singa-3.0.0.rc1 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>Release Notes - SINGA - Version singa-3.0.0.rc1</p>
+<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
+<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Code quality has been promoted by introducing linting check in CI and auto
+code formatter. For linting, the tools, <code>cpplint</code> and <code>pylint</code>, are used and
+configured to comply
+<a href="http://google.github.io/styleguide/">google coding styles</a> details in
+<code>tool/linting/</code>. Similarly, formatting tools, <code>clang-format</code> and <code>yapf</code>
+configured with google coding styles, are the recommended one for developers
+to clean code before submitting changes, details in <code>tool/code-format/</code>.
+<a href="https://lgtm.com">LGTM</a> is enabled on Github for code quality check; License
+check is also enabled.</p></li>
+<li><p>New Tensor APIs are added for naming consistency, and feature enhancement:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>size(), mem_size(), get_value(), to_proto(), l1(), l2(): added for the sake
+of naming consistency</li>
+<li>AsType(): convert data type between <code>float</code> and <code>int</code></li>
+<li>ceil(): perform element-wise ceiling of the input</li>
+<li>concat(): concatenate two tensor</li>
+<li>index selector: e.g. tensor1[:,:,1:,1:]</li>
+<li>softmax(in, axis): allow to perform softmax on a axis on a multi-dimensional
+tensor</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>14 new operators are added into the autograd module: Gemm, GlobalAveragePool,
+ConstantOfShape, Dropout, ReduceSum, ReduceMean, Slice, Ceil, Split, Gather,
+Tile, NonZero, Cast, OneHot. Their unit tests are added as well.</p></li>
+<li><p>14 new operators are added to sonnx module for both backend and frontend:
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Gemm">Gemm</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#GlobalAveragePool">GlobalAveragePool</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#ConstantOfShape">ConstantOfShape</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Dropout">Dropout</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#ReduceSum">ReduceSum</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#ReduceMean">ReduceMean</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Slice">Slice</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Ceil">Ceil</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Split">Split</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Gather">Gather</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Tile">Tile</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#NonZero">NonZero</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Cast">Cast</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#OneHot">OneHot</a>.
+Their tests are added as well.</p></li>
+<li><p>Some ONNX models are imported into SINGA, including
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/text/machine_comprehension/bert-squad">Bert-squad</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/body_analysis/arcface">Arcface</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/body_analysis/emotion_ferplus">FER+ Emotion</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/mobilenet">MobileNet</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/resnet">ResNet18</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/object_detection_segmentation/tiny_yolov2">Tiny Yolov2</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/vgg">Vgg16</a>,
+and Mnist.</p></li>
+<li><p>Some operators now support
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Broadcasting.md#multidirectional-broadcasting">multidirectional broadcasting</a>,
+including Add, Sub, Mul, Div, Pow, PRelu, Gemm</p></li>
+<li><p>[Distributed training with communication optimization].
+<a href="./python/singa/opt.py">DistOpt</a> has implemented multiple optimization
+techniques, including gradient sparsification, chunk transmission, and
+gradient compression.</p></li>
+<li><p>Computational graph construction at the CPP level. The operations submitted to
+the Device are buffered. After analyzing the dependency, the computational
+graph is created, which is further analyzed for speed and memory optimization.
+To enable this feature, use the <a href="./python/singa/module.py">Module API</a>.</p></li>
+<li><p>New website based on Docusaurus. The documentation files are moved to a
+separate repo <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc">singa-doc</a>. The static
+website files are stored at
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-site">singa-site</a>.</p></li>
+<li><p>DNNL(<a href="https://github.com/intel/mkl-dnn">Deep Neural Network Library</a>), powered
+by Intel, is integrated into
+<code>model/operations/[batchnorm|pooling|convolution]</code>, the changes is opaque to
+the end users. The current version is dnnl v1.1 which replaced previous
+integration of mkl-dnn v0.18. The framework could boost the performance of dl
+operations when executing on CPU. The dnnl dependency is installed through
+conda.</p></li>
+<li><p>Some Tensor APIs are marked as deprecated which could be replaced by
+broadcast, and it can support better on multi-dimensional operations. These
+APIs are add_column(), add_row(), div_column(), div_row(), mult_column(),
+mult_row()</p></li>
+<li><p>Conv and Pooling are enhanced to support fine-grained padding like (2,3,2,3),
+and
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Conv">SAME_UPPER, SAME_LOWER</a>
+pad mode and shape checking.</p></li>
+<li><p>Reconstruct soonx,</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Support two types of weight value (Initializer and Constant Node);</li>
+<li>For some operators (BatchNorm, Reshape, Clip, Slice, Gather, Tile, OneHot),
+move some inputs to its attributes;</li>
+<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>singa-3.0.0.rc1 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="singa-3.0.0.rc1 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">singa-3.0.0.rc1 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>Release Notes - SINGA - Version singa-3.0.0.rc1</p>
+<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
+<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Code quality has been promoted by introducing linting check in CI and auto
+code formatter. For linting, the tools, <code>cpplint</code> and <code>pylint</code>, are used and
+configured to comply
+<a href="http://google.github.io/styleguide/">google coding styles</a> details in
+<code>tool/linting/</code>. Similarly, formatting tools, <code>clang-format</code> and <code>yapf</code>
+configured with google coding styles, are the recommended one for developers
+to clean code before submitting changes, details in <code>tool/code-format/</code>.
+<a href="https://lgtm.com">LGTM</a> is enabled on Github for code quality check; License
+check is also enabled.</p></li>
+<li><p>New Tensor APIs are added for naming consistency, and feature enhancement:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>size(), mem_size(), get_value(), to_proto(), l1(), l2(): added for the sake
+of naming consistency</li>
+<li>AsType(): convert data type between <code>float</code> and <code>int</code></li>
+<li>ceil(): perform element-wise ceiling of the input</li>
+<li>concat(): concatenate two tensor</li>
+<li>index selector: e.g. tensor1[:,:,1:,1:]</li>
+<li>softmax(in, axis): allow to perform softmax on a axis on a multi-dimensional
+tensor</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>14 new operators are added into the autograd module: Gemm, GlobalAveragePool,
+ConstantOfShape, Dropout, ReduceSum, ReduceMean, Slice, Ceil, Split, Gather,
+Tile, NonZero, Cast, OneHot. Their unit tests are added as well.</p></li>
+<li><p>14 new operators are added to sonnx module for both backend and frontend:
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Gemm">Gemm</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#GlobalAveragePool">GlobalAveragePool</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#ConstantOfShape">ConstantOfShape</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Dropout">Dropout</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#ReduceSum">ReduceSum</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#ReduceMean">ReduceMean</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Slice">Slice</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Ceil">Ceil</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Split">Split</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Gather">Gather</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Tile">Tile</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#NonZero">NonZero</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Cast">Cast</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#OneHot">OneHot</a>.
+Their tests are added as well.</p></li>
+<li><p>Some ONNX models are imported into SINGA, including
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/text/machine_comprehension/bert-squad">Bert-squad</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/body_analysis/arcface">Arcface</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/body_analysis/emotion_ferplus">FER+ Emotion</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/mobilenet">MobileNet</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/resnet">ResNet18</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/object_detection_segmentation/tiny_yolov2">Tiny Yolov2</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/vgg">Vgg16</a>,
+and Mnist.</p></li>
+<li><p>Some operators now support
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Broadcasting.md#multidirectional-broadcasting">multidirectional broadcasting</a>,
+including Add, Sub, Mul, Div, Pow, PRelu, Gemm</p></li>
+<li><p>[Distributed training with communication optimization].
+<a href="./python/singa/opt.py">DistOpt</a> has implemented multiple optimization
+techniques, including gradient sparsification, chunk transmission, and
+gradient compression.</p></li>
+<li><p>Computational graph construction at the CPP level. The operations submitted to
+the Device are buffered. After analyzing the dependency, the computational
+graph is created, which is further analyzed for speed and memory optimization.
+To enable this feature, use the <a href="./python/singa/module.py">Module API</a>.</p></li>
+<li><p>New website based on Docusaurus. The documentation files are moved to a
+separate repo <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc">singa-doc</a>. The static
+website files are stored at
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-site">singa-site</a>.</p></li>
+<li><p>DNNL(<a href="https://github.com/intel/mkl-dnn">Deep Neural Network Library</a>), powered
+by Intel, is integrated into
+<code>model/operations/[batchnorm|pooling|convolution]</code>, the changes is opaque to
+the end users. The current version is dnnl v1.1 which replaced previous
+integration of mkl-dnn v0.18. The framework could boost the performance of dl
+operations when executing on CPU. The dnnl dependency is installed through
+conda.</p></li>
+<li><p>Some Tensor APIs are marked as deprecated which could be replaced by
+broadcast, and it can support better on multi-dimensional operations. These
+APIs are add_column(), add_row(), div_column(), div_row(), mult_column(),
+mult_row()</p></li>
+<li><p>Conv and Pooling are enhanced to support fine-grained padding like (2,3,2,3),
+and
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Conv">SAME_UPPER, SAME_LOWER</a>
+pad mode and shape checking.</p></li>
+<li><p>Reconstruct soonx,</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Support two types of weight value (Initializer and Constant Node);</li>
+<li>For some operators (BatchNorm, Reshape, Clip, Slice, Gather, Tile, OneHot),
+move some inputs to its attributes;</li>
+<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+ </script><script>
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@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Apache SINGA-3.0.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Apache SINGA-3.0.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Apache SINGA-3.0.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
+<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Code quality has been promoted by introducing linting check in CI and auto
+code formatter. For linting, the tools, <code>cpplint</code> and <code>pylint</code>, are used and
+configured to comply
+<a href="http://google.github.io/styleguide/">google coding styles</a> details in
+<code>tool/linting/</code>. Similarly, formatting tools, <code>clang-format</code> and <code>yapf</code>
+configured with google coding styles, are the recommended one for developers
+to clean code before submitting changes, details in <code>tool/code-format/</code>.
+<a href="https://lgtm.com">LGTM</a> is enabled on Github for code quality check; License
+check is also enabled.</p></li>
+<li><p>New Tensor APIs are added for naming consistency, and feature enhancement:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>size(), mem_size(), get_value(), to_proto(), l1(), l2(): added for the sake
+of naming consistency</li>
+<li>AsType(): convert data type between <code>float</code> and <code>int</code></li>
+<li>ceil(): perform element-wise ceiling of the input</li>
+<li>concat(): concatenate two tensor</li>
+<li>index selector: e.g. tensor1[:,:,1:,1:]</li>
+<li>softmax(in, axis): allow to perform softmax on a axis on a multi-dimensional
+tensor</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>14 new operators are added into the autograd module: Gemm, GlobalAveragePool,
+ConstantOfShape, Dropout, ReduceSum, ReduceMean, Slice, Ceil, Split, Gather,
+Tile, NonZero, Cast, OneHot. Their unit tests are added as well.</p></li>
+<li><p>14 new operators are added to sonnx module for both backend and frontend:
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Gemm">Gemm</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#GlobalAveragePool">GlobalAveragePool</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#ConstantOfShape">ConstantOfShape</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Dropout">Dropout</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#ReduceSum">ReduceSum</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#ReduceMean">ReduceMean</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Slice">Slice</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Ceil">Ceil</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Split">Split</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Gather">Gather</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Tile">Tile</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#NonZero">NonZero</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Cast">Cast</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#OneHot">OneHot</a>.
+Their tests are added as well.</p></li>
+<li><p>Some ONNX models are imported into SINGA, including
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/text/machine_comprehension/bert-squad">Bert-squad</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/body_analysis/arcface">Arcface</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/body_analysis/emotion_ferplus">FER+ Emotion</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/mobilenet">MobileNet</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/resnet">ResNet18</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/object_detection_segmentation/tiny_yolov2">Tiny Yolov2</a>,
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/vgg">Vgg16</a>,
+and Mnist.</p></li>
+<li><p>Some operators now support
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Broadcasting.md#multidirectional-broadcasting">multidirectional broadcasting</a>,
+including Add, Sub, Mul, Div, Pow, PRelu, Gemm</p></li>
+<li><p>[Distributed training with communication optimization].
+<a href="./python/singa/opt.py">DistOpt</a> has implemented multiple optimization
+techniques, including gradient sparsification, chunk transmission, and
+gradient compression.</p></li>
+<li><p>Computational graph construction at the CPP level. The operations submitted to
+the Device are buffered. After analyzing the dependency, the computational
+graph is created, which is further analyzed for speed and memory optimization.
+To enable this feature, use the <a href="./python/singa/module.py">Module API</a>.</p></li>
+<li><p>New website based on Docusaurus. The documentation files are moved to a
+separate repo <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc">singa-doc</a>. The static
+website files are stored at
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-site">singa-site</a>.</p></li>
+<li><p>DNNL(<a href="https://github.com/intel/mkl-dnn">Deep Neural Network Library</a>), powered
+by Intel, is integrated into
+<code>model/operations/[batchnorm|pooling|convolution]</code>, the changes is opaque to
+the end users. The current version is dnnl v1.1 which replaced previous
+integration of mkl-dnn v0.18. The framework could boost the performance of dl
+operations when executing on CPU. The dnnl dependency is installed through
+conda.</p></li>
+<li><p>Some Tensor APIs are marked as deprecated which could be replaced by
+broadcast, and it can support better on multi-dimensional operations. These
+APIs are add_column(), add_row(), div_column(), div_row(), mult_column(),
+mult_row()</p></li>
+<li><p>Conv and Pooling are enhanced to support fine-grained padding like (2,3,2,3),
+and
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Operators.md#Conv">SAME_UPPER, SAME_LOWER</a>
+pad mode and shape checking.</p></li>
+<li><p>Reconstruct soonx,</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Support two types of weight value (Initializer and Constant Node);</li>
+<li>For some operators (BatchNorm, Reshape, Clip, Slice, Gather, Tile, OneHot),
+move some inputs to its attributes;</li>
+<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/19/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+ const search = document.getElementById('search_input_react');
+ search && search.focus();
+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
+ apiKey: '45202133606c0b5fa6d21cddc4725dd8',
+ indexName: 'apache_singa',
+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
+ algoliaOptions: {"facetFilters":["language:en","version:3.0.0"]}
+ });
+ </script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Apache SINGA-3.1.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Apache SINGA-3.1.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Apache SINGA-3.1.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
+<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Tensor core:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Support tensor transformation (reshape, transpose) for tensors up to 6
+dimensions.</li>
+<li>Implement traverse_unary_transform in Cuda backend, which is similar to CPP
+backend one.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Add new tensor operators into the autograd module, including CosSim,
+DepthToSpace, Embedding, Erf, Expand, Floor, Pad, Round, Rounde, SpaceToDepth,
+UpSample, Where. The corresponding ONNX operators are thus supported by SINGA.</p></li>
+<li><p>Add Embedding and Gemm into the layer module.</p></li>
+<li><p>Add SGD operators to opt module, including RMSProp, Adam, and AdaGrad.</p></li>
+<li><p>Extend the sonnx module to support DenseNet121, ShuffleNetv1, ShuffleNetv2,
+SqueezeNet, VGG19, GPT2, and RoBERTa.</p></li>
+<li><p>Reconstruct sonnx to</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Support creating operators from both layer and autograd.</li>
+<li>Re-write SingaRep to provide a more powerful intermediate representation of
+SINGA.</li>
+<li>Add a SONNXModel which implements from Model to provide uniform API and
+features.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Add one example that trains a BiLSTM model over the InsuranceQA data.</p></li>
+<li><p>Replace the Travis CI with Github workflow. Add quality and coverage
+management.</p></li>
+<li><p>Add compiling and packaging scripts to creat wheel packages for distribution.</p></li>
+<li><p>Fix bugs</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Fix IMDB LSTM model example training script.</li>
+<li>Fix Tensor operation Mult on Broadcasting use cases.</li>
+<li>Gaussian function on Tensor now can run on Tensor with odd size.</li>
+<li>Updated a testing helper function gradients() in autograd to lookup param
+gradient by param python object id for testing purpose.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
+ if (e.target !== document.body) {
+ return;
+ }
+ // keyCode for '/' (slash)
+ if (e.keyCode === 191) {
+ const search = document.getElementById('search_input_react');
+ search && search.focus();
+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
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+ indexName: 'apache_singa',
+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
+ algoliaOptions: {"facetFilters":["language:en","version:3.0.0"]}
+ });
+ </script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0/index.html
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Apache SINGA-3.1.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Apache SINGA-3.1.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Apache SINGA-3.1.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
+<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Tensor core:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Support tensor transformation (reshape, transpose) for tensors up to 6
+dimensions.</li>
+<li>Implement traverse_unary_transform in Cuda backend, which is similar to CPP
+backend one.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Add new tensor operators into the autograd module, including CosSim,
+DepthToSpace, Embedding, Erf, Expand, Floor, Pad, Round, Rounde, SpaceToDepth,
+UpSample, Where. The corresponding ONNX operators are thus supported by SINGA.</p></li>
+<li><p>Add Embedding and Gemm into the layer module.</p></li>
+<li><p>Add SGD operators to opt module, including RMSProp, Adam, and AdaGrad.</p></li>
+<li><p>Extend the sonnx module to support DenseNet121, ShuffleNetv1, ShuffleNetv2,
+SqueezeNet, VGG19, GPT2, and RoBERTa.</p></li>
+<li><p>Reconstruct sonnx to</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Support creating operators from both layer and autograd.</li>
+<li>Re-write SingaRep to provide a more powerful intermediate representation of
+SINGA.</li>
+<li>Add a SONNXModel which implements from Model to provide uniform API and
+features.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Add one example that trains a BiLSTM model over the InsuranceQA data.</p></li>
+<li><p>Replace the Travis CI with Github workflow. Add quality and coverage
+management.</p></li>
+<li><p>Add compiling and packaging scripts to creat wheel packages for distribution.</p></li>
+<li><p>Fix bugs</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Fix IMDB LSTM model example training script.</li>
+<li>Fix Tensor operation Mult on Broadcasting use cases.</li>
+<li>Gaussian function on Tensor now can run on Tensor with odd size.</li>
+<li>Updated a testing helper function gradients() in autograd to lookup param
+gradient by param python object id for testing purpose.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
+ if (e.target !== document.body) {
+ return;
+ }
+ // keyCode for '/' (slash)
+ if (e.keyCode === 191) {
+ const search = document.getElementById('search_input_react');
+ search && search.focus();
+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
+ apiKey: '45202133606c0b5fa6d21cddc4725dd8',
+ indexName: 'apache_singa',
+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
+ algoliaOptions: {"facetFilters":["language:en","version:3.0.0"]}
+ });
+ </script></body></html>
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+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.html
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Apache SINGA-3.2.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Apache SINGA-3.2.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Apache SINGA-3.2.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
+<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>New examples</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Add one cifar-10 distributed CNN example for benchmarking the performance of the distributed
+training.</li>
+<li>Add one large CNN example for training with a dataset from the filesysetm.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Enhance distributed training</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Improve the data augmentation module for faster distributed training.</li>
+<li>Add device synchronization for more accurate time measurements during the distributed training.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Add Support for half-precision floating-point format (fp16) in deep learning models and
+computational kernels.</p></li>
+<li><p>Update new onnx APIs and fix onnx examples accordingly, namely, DenseNet121, ShuffleNetv1,
+ShuffleNetv2, SqueezeNet, VGG19.</p></li>
+<li><p>Add a new method to resize images by given width and height.</p></li>
+<li><p>Use docusaurus versioning to simplify the process of generating the project homepage.</p></li>
+<li><p>Promote code quality</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Unify the formats of docstrings that describe the contents and usage of the module.</li>
+<li>Unify the parameters of command-line arguments.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Fix bugs</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Fix the CI build error by downloading the tbb binaries.</li>
+<li>Add disabling graph option for accessing parameter or gradient tensors during distributed<br>
+training.</li>
+<li>Solve the warnings of deprecated functions in the distributed optimizer module.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 8/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
+ if (e.target !== document.body) {
+ return;
+ }
+ // keyCode for '/' (slash)
+ if (e.keyCode === 191) {
+ const search = document.getElementById('search_input_react');
+ search && search.focus();
+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
+ apiKey: '45202133606c0b5fa6d21cddc4725dd8',
+ indexName: 'apache_singa',
+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
+ algoliaOptions: {"facetFilters":["language:en","version:3.0.0"]}
+ });
+ </script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b209164
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1.html
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Apache SINGA-3.2.0.rc1 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Apache SINGA-3.2.0.rc1 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Apache SINGA-3.2.0.rc1 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
+<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>New examples</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Add one cifar-10 distributed CNN example for benchmarking the performance of the distributed
+training.</li>
+<li>Add one large CNN example for training with a dataset from the filesysetm.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Enhance distributed training</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Improve the data augmentation module for faster distributed training.</li>
+<li>Add device synchronization for more accurate time measurements during the distributed training.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Add Support for half-precision floating-point format (fp16) in deep learning models and
+computational kernels.</p></li>
+<li><p>Update new onnx APIs and fix onnx examples accordingly, namely, DenseNet121, ShuffleNetv1,
+ShuffleNetv2, SqueezeNet, VGG19.</p></li>
+<li><p>Add a new method to resize images by given width and height.</p></li>
+<li><p>Use docusaurus versioning to simplify the process of generating the project homepage.</p></li>
+<li><p>Promote code quality</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Unify the formats of docstrings that describe the contents and usage of the module.</li>
+<li>Unify the parameters of command-line arguments.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Fix bugs</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Fix the CI build error by downloading the tbb binaries.</li>
+<li>Add disabling graph option for accessing parameter or gradient tensors during distributed<br>
+training.</li>
+<li>Solve the warnings of deprecated functions in the distributed optimizer module.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 8/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
+ if (e.target !== document.body) {
+ return;
+ }
+ // keyCode for '/' (slash)
+ if (e.keyCode === 191) {
+ const search = document.getElementById('search_input_react');
+ search && search.focus();
+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
+ apiKey: '45202133606c0b5fa6d21cddc4725dd8',
+ indexName: 'apache_singa',
+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
+ algoliaOptions: {"facetFilters":["language:en","version:3.0.0"]}
+ });
+ </script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1/index.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b209164
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Apache SINGA-3.2.0.rc1 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Apache SINGA-3.2.0.rc1 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Apache SINGA-3.2.0.rc1 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
+<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>New examples</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Add one cifar-10 distributed CNN example for benchmarking the performance of the distributed
+training.</li>
+<li>Add one large CNN example for training with a dataset from the filesysetm.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Enhance distributed training</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Improve the data augmentation module for faster distributed training.</li>
+<li>Add device synchronization for more accurate time measurements during the distributed training.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Add Support for half-precision floating-point format (fp16) in deep learning models and
+computational kernels.</p></li>
+<li><p>Update new onnx APIs and fix onnx examples accordingly, namely, DenseNet121, ShuffleNetv1,
+ShuffleNetv2, SqueezeNet, VGG19.</p></li>
+<li><p>Add a new method to resize images by given width and height.</p></li>
+<li><p>Use docusaurus versioning to simplify the process of generating the project homepage.</p></li>
+<li><p>Promote code quality</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Unify the formats of docstrings that describe the contents and usage of the module.</li>
+<li>Unify the parameters of command-line arguments.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Fix bugs</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Fix the CI build error by downloading the tbb binaries.</li>
+<li>Add disabling graph option for accessing parameter or gradient tensors during distributed<br>
+training.</li>
+<li>Solve the warnings of deprecated functions in the distributed optimizer module.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 8/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
+ if (e.target !== document.body) {
+ return;
+ }
+ // keyCode for '/' (slash)
+ if (e.keyCode === 191) {
+ const search = document.getElementById('search_input_react');
+ search && search.focus();
+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
+ apiKey: '45202133606c0b5fa6d21cddc4725dd8',
+ indexName: 'apache_singa',
+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
+ algoliaOptions: {"facetFilters":["language:en","version:3.0.0"]}
+ });
+ </script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d60aaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Apache SINGA-3.2.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Apache SINGA-3.2.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Apache SINGA-3.2.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
+<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>New examples</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Add one cifar-10 distributed CNN example for benchmarking the performance of the distributed
+training.</li>
+<li>Add one large CNN example for training with a dataset from the filesysetm.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Enhance distributed training</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Improve the data augmentation module for faster distributed training.</li>
+<li>Add device synchronization for more accurate time measurements during the distributed training.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Add Support for half-precision floating-point format (fp16) in deep learning models and
+computational kernels.</p></li>
+<li><p>Update new onnx APIs and fix onnx examples accordingly, namely, DenseNet121, ShuffleNetv1,
+ShuffleNetv2, SqueezeNet, VGG19.</p></li>
+<li><p>Add a new method to resize images by given width and height.</p></li>
+<li><p>Use docusaurus versioning to simplify the process of generating the project homepage.</p></li>
+<li><p>Promote code quality</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Unify the formats of docstrings that describe the contents and usage of the module.</li>
+<li>Unify the parameters of command-line arguments.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Fix bugs</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Fix the CI build error by downloading the tbb binaries.</li>
+<li>Add disabling graph option for accessing parameter or gradient tensors during distributed<br>
+training.</li>
+<li>Solve the warnings of deprecated functions in the distributed optimizer module.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 8/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
+ if (e.target !== document.body) {
+ return;
+ }
+ // keyCode for '/' (slash)
+ if (e.keyCode === 191) {
+ const search = document.getElementById('search_input_react');
+ search && search.focus();
+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
+ apiKey: '45202133606c0b5fa6d21cddc4725dd8',
+ indexName: 'apache_singa',
+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
+ algoliaOptions: {"facetFilters":["language:en","version:3.0.0"]}
+ });
+ </script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.3.0.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.3.0.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10b70a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.3.0.html
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Apache SINGA-3.3.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Apache SINGA-3.3.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.3.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Apache SINGA-3.3.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
+<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>New examples</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Add one CNN example for the BloodMnist dataset, a sub set of MedMNIST.</li>
+<li>Add one example for the medical image analysis.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Enhance distributed training</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Add key information printing, e.g., throughput and communication time, for distributed training.</li>
+<li>Optimize printing and logging modules for faster distributed training.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Enhance example code</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Add more datasets and model implementations for the cifar_distributed_cnn example.</li>
+<li>Update the running script for the cifar_distributed_cnn example to include more models.</li>
+<li>Update the dataset path for the largedataset_cnn example for more flexibility.</li>
+<li>Add more model implementations for the largedataset_cnn example.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Enhance the webpage</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Reconstruct the singa webpage to include project features.</li>
+<li>Update the Git web site by deploying it via .asf.yaml.</li>
+<li>Update the Chinese and Vietnamese documentations.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Debug and add assertions for input tensor data types in the opt.py.</p></li>
+<li><p>Change pointer type to void for generalizing data types.</p></li>
+<li><p>Fix bugs</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Fix the python test error due to operations not implemented for some data types.</li>
+<li>Fix the model of pad from bytes to str.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/26/2022</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.3.0/index.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.3.0/index.html
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.3.0/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Apache SINGA-3.3.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Apache SINGA-3.3.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.3.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Apache SINGA-3.3.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
+<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>New examples</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Add one CNN example for the BloodMnist dataset, a sub set of MedMNIST.</li>
+<li>Add one example for the medical image analysis.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Enhance distributed training</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Add key information printing, e.g., throughput and communication time, for distributed training.</li>
+<li>Optimize printing and logging modules for faster distributed training.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Enhance example code</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Add more datasets and model implementations for the cifar_distributed_cnn example.</li>
+<li>Update the running script for the cifar_distributed_cnn example to include more models.</li>
+<li>Update the dataset path for the largedataset_cnn example for more flexibility.</li>
+<li>Add more model implementations for the largedataset_cnn example.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Enhance the webpage</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Reconstruct the singa webpage to include project features.</li>
+<li>Update the Git web site by deploying it via .asf.yaml.</li>
+<li>Update the Chinese and Vietnamese documentations.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Debug and add assertions for input tensor data types in the opt.py.</p></li>
+<li><p>Change pointer type to void for generalizing data types.</p></li>
+<li><p>Fix bugs</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Fix the python test error due to operations not implemented for some data types.</li>
+<li>Fix the model of pad from bytes to str.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/26/2022</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/security.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/security.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9446268
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/security.html
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Security · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Security · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<p>Users can report security vulnerabilities to
+<a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">SINGA Security Team Mail List</a></p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/security/index.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/security/index.html
new file mode 100644
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Security · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Security · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<p>Users can report security vulnerabilities to
+<a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">SINGA Security Team Mail List</a></p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+ });
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/software-stack.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/software-stack.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/software-stack.html
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Software Stack · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Software Stack · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Getting Started</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Getting Started</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/installation">Installation</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/software-stack">Software Stack</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/examples">Examples</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Guides</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/device">Device</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/tensor">Tensor</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/autograd">Autograd</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/optimizer">Optimizer</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/graph">Model</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/onnx">ONNX</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/dist-train">Distributed Training</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/time-profiling">Time Profiling</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/half-precision">Half Precision</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Development</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/downloads">Download SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/build">Build SINGA from Source</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/contribute-code">How to Contribute Code</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/contribute-docs">How to Contribute to Documentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/how-to-release">How to Prepare a Release</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/git-workflow">Git Workflow</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/software-stack.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Software Stack</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA's software stack includes two major levels, the low level backend classes
+and the Python interface level. Figure 1 illustrates them together with the
+hardware. The backend components provide basic data structures for deep learning
+models, hardware abstractions for scheduling and executing operations, and
+communication components for distributed training. The Python interface wraps
+some CPP data structures and provides additional high-level classes for neural
+network training, which makes it convenient to implement complex neural network
+models.</p>
+<p>Next, we introduce the software stack in a bottom-up manner.</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/singav3.1-sw.png" alt="SINGA V3 software stack"> <br/> <strong>Figure 1 - SINGA V3
+software stack.</strong></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="low-level-backend"></a><a href="#low-level-backend" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Low-level Backend</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="device"></a><a href="#device" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Device</h3>
+<p>Each <code>Device</code> instance, i.e., a device, is created against one hardware device,
+e.g. a GPU or a CPU. <code>Device</code> manages the memory of the data structures, and
+schedules the operations for executing, e.g., on CUDA streams or CPU threads.
+Depending on the hardware and its programming language, SINGA have implemented
+the following specific device classes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong>CudaGPU</strong> represents an Nvidia GPU card. The execution units are the CUDA
+streams.</li>
+<li><strong>CppCPU</strong> represents a normal CPU. The execution units are the CPU threads.</li>
+<li><strong>OpenclGPU</strong> represents normal GPU card from both Nvidia and AMD. The
+execution units are the CommandQueues. Given that OpenCL is compatible with
+many hardware devices, e.g. FPGA and ARM, the OpenclGPU has the potential to
+be extended for other devices.</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor"></a><a href="#tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor</h3>
+<p><code>Tensor</code> class represents a multi-dimensional array, which stores model
+variables, e.g., the input images and feature maps from the convolution layer.
+Each <code>Tensor</code> instance (i.e. a tensor) is allocated on a device, which manages
+the memory of the tensor and schedules the (computation) operations against
+tensors. Most machine learning algorithms could be expressed using (dense or
+sparse) the tensor abstraction and its operations. Therefore, SINGA would be
+able to run a wide range of models, including deep learning models and other
+traditional machine learning models.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="operator"></a><a href="#operator" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Operator</h3>
+<p>There are two types of operators against tensors, linear algebra operators like
+matrix multiplication, and neural network specific operators like convolution
+and pooling. The linear algebra operators are provided as <code>Tensor</code> functions and
+are implemented separately for different hardware devices</p>
+<ul>
+<li>CppMath (tensor_math_cpp.h) implements the tensor operations using Cpp for
+CppCPU</li>
+<li>CudaMath (tensor_math_cuda.h) implements the tensor operations using CUDA for
+CudaGPU</li>
+<li>OpenclMath (tensor_math_opencl.h) implements the tensor operations using
+OpenCL for OpenclGPU</li>
+</ul>
+<p>The neural network specific operators are also implemented separately, e.g.,</p>
+<ul>
+<li>GpuConvFoward (convolution.h) implements the forward function of convolution
+via CuDNN on Nvidia GPU.</li>
+<li>CpuConvForward (convolution.h) implements the forward function of convolution
+using CPP on CPU.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Typically, users create a <code>Device</code> instance and use it to create multiple
+<code>Tensor</code> instances. When users call the Tensor functions or neural network
+operations, the corresponding implementation for the resident device will be
+invoked. In other words, the implementation of operators is transparent to
+users.</p>
+<p>The Tensor and Device abstractions are extensible to support a wide range of
+hardware device using different programming languages. A new hardware device
+would be supported by adding a new Device subclass and the corresponding
+implementation of the operators.</p>
+<p>Optimizations in terms of speed and memory are done by the <code>Scheduler</code> and
+<code>MemPool</code> of the <code>Device</code>. For example, the <code>Scheduler</code> creates a
+<a href="./graph">computational graph</a> according to the dependency of the operators.
+Then it can optimize the execution order of the operators for parallelism and
+memory sharing.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="communicator"></a><a href="#communicator" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Communicator</h3>
+<p><code>Communicator</code> is to support <a href="./dist-train">distributed training</a>. It implements
+the communication protocols using sockets, MPI and NCCL. Typically users only
+need to call the high-level APIs like <code>put()</code> and <code>get()</code> for sending and
+receiving tensors. Communication optimization for the topology, message size,
+etc. is done internally.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-interface"></a><a href="#python-interface" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python Interface</h2>
+<p>All the backend components are exposed as Python modules via SWIG. In addition,
+the following classes are added to support the implementation of complex neural
+networks.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="opt"></a><a href="#opt" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Opt</h3>
+<p><code>Opt</code> and its subclasses implement the methods (such as SGD) for updating model
+parameter values using parameter gradients. A subclass <a href="./dist-train">DistOpt</a>
+synchronizes the gradients across the workers for distributed training by
+calling methods from <code>Communicator</code>.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="operator-1"></a><a href="#operator-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Operator</h3>
+<p><code>Operator</code> wraps multiple functions implemented using the Tensor or neural
+network operators from the backend. For example, the forward function and
+backward function <code>ReLU</code> compose the <code>ReLU</code> operator.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="layer"></a><a href="#layer" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Layer</h3>
+<p><code>Layer</code> and its subclasses wraps the operators with parameters. For instance,
+convolution and linear operators<br>
+have weight and bias parameters. The parameters are maintained by the
+corresponding <code>Layer</code> class.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="autograd"></a><a href="#autograd" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Autograd</h3>
+<p><a href="./autograd">Autograd</a> implements the
+<a href="https://rufflewind.com/2016-12-30/reverse-mode-automatic-differentiation">reverse-mode automatic differentiation</a>
+by recording the execution of the forward functions of the operators calling the
+backward functions automatically in the reverse order. All functions can be
+buffered by the <code>Scheduler</code> to create a <a href="./graph">computational graph</a> for
+efficiency and memory optimization.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="model"></a><a href="#model" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Model</h3>
+<p><a href="./graph">Model</a> provides an easy interface to implement new network models. You
+just need to inherit <code>Model</code> and define the forward propagation of the model by
+creating and calling the layers or operators. <code>Model</code> will do autograd and
+update the parameters via <code>Opt</code> automatically when training data is fed into it.
+With the <code>Model</code> API, SINGA enjoys the advantages of imperative programming and
+declarative programming. Users implement a network using the <a href="./graph">Model</a>
+API following the imperative programming style like PyTorch. Different from
+PyTorch which recreates the operations in every iteration, SINGA buffers the
+operations to create a computational graph implicitly (when this feature is
+enabled) after the first iteration. The graph is similar to that created by
+libraries using declarative programming, e.g., TensorFlow. Therefore, SINGA can
+apply the memory and speed optimization techniques over the computational graph.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="onnx"></a><a href="#onnx" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>ONNX</h3>
+<p>To support ONNX, SINGA implements a <a href="./onnx">sonnx</a> module, which includes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>SingaFrontend for saving SINGA model into onnx format.</li>
+<li>SingaBackend for loading onnx format model into SINGA for training and
+inference.</li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
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+<p>SINGA's software stack includes two major levels, the low level backend classes
+and the Python interface level. Figure 1 illustrates them together with the
+hardware. The backend components provide basic data structures for deep learning
+models, hardware abstractions for scheduling and executing operations, and
+communication components for distributed training. The Python interface wraps
+some CPP data structures and provides additional high-level classes for neural
+network training, which makes it convenient to implement complex neural network
+models.</p>
+<p>Next, we introduce the software stack in a bottom-up manner.</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/singav3.1-sw.png" alt="SINGA V3 software stack"> <br/> <strong>Figure 1 - SINGA V3
+software stack.</strong></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="low-level-backend"></a><a href="#low-level-backend" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Low-level Backend</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="device"></a><a href="#device" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Device</h3>
+<p>Each <code>Device</code> instance, i.e., a device, is created against one hardware device,
+e.g. a GPU or a CPU. <code>Device</code> manages the memory of the data structures, and
+schedules the operations for executing, e.g., on CUDA streams or CPU threads.
+Depending on the hardware and its programming language, SINGA have implemented
+the following specific device classes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong>CudaGPU</strong> represents an Nvidia GPU card. The execution units are the CUDA
+streams.</li>
+<li><strong>CppCPU</strong> represents a normal CPU. The execution units are the CPU threads.</li>
+<li><strong>OpenclGPU</strong> represents normal GPU card from both Nvidia and AMD. The
+execution units are the CommandQueues. Given that OpenCL is compatible with
+many hardware devices, e.g. FPGA and ARM, the OpenclGPU has the potential to
+be extended for other devices.</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor"></a><a href="#tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor</h3>
+<p><code>Tensor</code> class represents a multi-dimensional array, which stores model
+variables, e.g., the input images and feature maps from the convolution layer.
+Each <code>Tensor</code> instance (i.e. a tensor) is allocated on a device, which manages
+the memory of the tensor and schedules the (computation) operations against
+tensors. Most machine learning algorithms could be expressed using (dense or
+sparse) the tensor abstraction and its operations. Therefore, SINGA would be
+able to run a wide range of models, including deep learning models and other
+traditional machine learning models.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="operator"></a><a href="#operator" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Operator</h3>
+<p>There are two types of operators against tensors, linear algebra operators like
+matrix multiplication, and neural network specific operators like convolution
+and pooling. The linear algebra operators are provided as <code>Tensor</code> functions and
+are implemented separately for different hardware devices</p>
+<ul>
+<li>CppMath (tensor_math_cpp.h) implements the tensor operations using Cpp for
+CppCPU</li>
+<li>CudaMath (tensor_math_cuda.h) implements the tensor operations using CUDA for
+CudaGPU</li>
+<li>OpenclMath (tensor_math_opencl.h) implements the tensor operations using
+OpenCL for OpenclGPU</li>
+</ul>
+<p>The neural network specific operators are also implemented separately, e.g.,</p>
+<ul>
+<li>GpuConvFoward (convolution.h) implements the forward function of convolution
+via CuDNN on Nvidia GPU.</li>
+<li>CpuConvForward (convolution.h) implements the forward function of convolution
+using CPP on CPU.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Typically, users create a <code>Device</code> instance and use it to create multiple
+<code>Tensor</code> instances. When users call the Tensor functions or neural network
+operations, the corresponding implementation for the resident device will be
+invoked. In other words, the implementation of operators is transparent to
+users.</p>
+<p>The Tensor and Device abstractions are extensible to support a wide range of
+hardware device using different programming languages. A new hardware device
+would be supported by adding a new Device subclass and the corresponding
+implementation of the operators.</p>
+<p>Optimizations in terms of speed and memory are done by the <code>Scheduler</code> and
+<code>MemPool</code> of the <code>Device</code>. For example, the <code>Scheduler</code> creates a
+<a href="./graph">computational graph</a> according to the dependency of the operators.
+Then it can optimize the execution order of the operators for parallelism and
+memory sharing.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="communicator"></a><a href="#communicator" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Communicator</h3>
+<p><code>Communicator</code> is to support <a href="./dist-train">distributed training</a>. It implements
+the communication protocols using sockets, MPI and NCCL. Typically users only
+need to call the high-level APIs like <code>put()</code> and <code>get()</code> for sending and
+receiving tensors. Communication optimization for the topology, message size,
+etc. is done internally.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-interface"></a><a href="#python-interface" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python Interface</h2>
+<p>All the backend components are exposed as Python modules via SWIG. In addition,
+the following classes are added to support the implementation of complex neural
+networks.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="opt"></a><a href="#opt" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Opt</h3>
+<p><code>Opt</code> and its subclasses implement the methods (such as SGD) for updating model
+parameter values using parameter gradients. A subclass <a href="./dist-train">DistOpt</a>
+synchronizes the gradients across the workers for distributed training by
+calling methods from <code>Communicator</code>.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="operator-1"></a><a href="#operator-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Operator</h3>
+<p><code>Operator</code> wraps multiple functions implemented using the Tensor or neural
+network operators from the backend. For example, the forward function and
+backward function <code>ReLU</code> compose the <code>ReLU</code> operator.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="layer"></a><a href="#layer" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Layer</h3>
+<p><code>Layer</code> and its subclasses wraps the operators with parameters. For instance,
+convolution and linear operators<br>
+have weight and bias parameters. The parameters are maintained by the
+corresponding <code>Layer</code> class.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="autograd"></a><a href="#autograd" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Autograd</h3>
+<p><a href="./autograd">Autograd</a> implements the
+<a href="https://rufflewind.com/2016-12-30/reverse-mode-automatic-differentiation">reverse-mode automatic differentiation</a>
+by recording the execution of the forward functions of the operators calling the
+backward functions automatically in the reverse order. All functions can be
+buffered by the <code>Scheduler</code> to create a <a href="./graph">computational graph</a> for
+efficiency and memory optimization.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="model"></a><a href="#model" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Model</h3>
+<p><a href="./graph">Model</a> provides an easy interface to implement new network models. You
+just need to inherit <code>Model</code> and define the forward propagation of the model by
+creating and calling the layers or operators. <code>Model</code> will do autograd and
+update the parameters via <code>Opt</code> automatically when training data is fed into it.
+With the <code>Model</code> API, SINGA enjoys the advantages of imperative programming and
+declarative programming. Users implement a network using the <a href="./graph">Model</a>
+API following the imperative programming style like PyTorch. Different from
+PyTorch which recreates the operations in every iteration, SINGA buffers the
+operations to create a computational graph implicitly (when this feature is
+enabled) after the first iteration. The graph is similar to that created by
+libraries using declarative programming, e.g., TensorFlow. Therefore, SINGA can
+apply the memory and speed optimization techniques over the computational graph.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="onnx"></a><a href="#onnx" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>ONNX</h3>
+<p>To support ONNX, SINGA implements a <a href="./onnx">sonnx</a> module, which includes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>SingaFrontend for saving SINGA model into onnx format.</li>
+<li>SingaBackend for loading onnx format model into SINGA for training and
+inference.</li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
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+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/source-repository.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/source-repository.html
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Source Repository · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Source Repository · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive siteNavItemActive"><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Community</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Community</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository">Source Repository</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/mail-lists">Project Mailing Lists</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/issue-tracking">Issue Tracking</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/security">Security</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/team-list">The SINGA Team</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/history-singa">History of SINGA</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+ var el = event.target;
+ while(el !== headings){
+ if (el.tagName === 'A') {
+ document.body.classList.remove('tocActive');
+ break;
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+ el = el.parentNode;
+ }
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+ var toggler = document.querySelector(togglerSelector);
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/source-repository.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Source Repository</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>This project uses <a href="http://git-scm.com/">Git</a> to manage its source code.
+Instructions on Git use can be found at <a href="http://git-scm.com/documentation">http://git-scm.com/documentation</a> .</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="repository"></a><a href="#repository" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Repository</h2>
+<p>The following is a link to the online source repository.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf?p=singa.git">https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf?p=singa.git</a></li>
+</ul>
+<p>There is a Github mirror at</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">https://github.com/apache/singa</a></li>
+</ul>
+<p>The code can be cloned from either repo, e.g.,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+ search && search.focus();
+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
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+ indexName: 'apache_singa',
+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
+ algoliaOptions: {"facetFilters":["language:en","version:3.0.0"]}
+ });
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/source-repository/index.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/source-repository/index.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/source-repository/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Source Repository · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Source Repository · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive siteNavItemActive"><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Community</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Community</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository">Source Repository</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/mail-lists">Project Mailing Lists</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/issue-tracking">Issue Tracking</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/security">Security</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/team-list">The SINGA Team</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/history-singa">History of SINGA</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+<p>This project uses <a href="http://git-scm.com/">Git</a> to manage its source code.
+Instructions on Git use can be found at <a href="http://git-scm.com/documentation">http://git-scm.com/documentation</a> .</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="repository"></a><a href="#repository" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Repository</h2>
+<p>The following is a link to the online source repository.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf?p=singa.git">https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf?p=singa.git</a></li>
+</ul>
+<p>There is a Github mirror at</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">https://github.com/apache/singa</a></li>
+</ul>
+<p>The code can be cloned from either repo, e.g.,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+ </script><script>
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+
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+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
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\ No newline at end of file
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@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>The SINGA Team · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="The SINGA Team · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Community</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Community</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository">Source Repository</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/mail-lists">Project Mailing Lists</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/issue-tracking">Issue Tracking</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/security">Security</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/team-list">The SINGA Team</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/3.3.0/history-singa">History of SINGA</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+ var arrow = this.childNodes[1];
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+ content.classList.toggle('hide');
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+ var toggler = document.querySelector(togglerSelector);
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+
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+ return;
+ }
+
+ toggler.onclick = function(event) {
+ event.preventDefault();
+
+ target.classList.toggle(className);
+ };
+ }
+ });
+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/team-list.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">The SINGA Team</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>A successful project requires many people to play many roles. Some members write
+code or documentation, while others are valuable as testers, submitting patches
+and suggestions.</p>
+<p>The SINGA community has developers mainly from National University of Singapore,
+Zhejiang University, NetEase, Osaka University, yzBigData, etc.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="pmc"></a><a href="#pmc" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>PMC</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Name</th><th>Email</th><th>Organization</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Gang Chen</td><td><a href="mailto:cg@apache.org">cg@apache.org</a></td><td>Zhejiang University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Anh Dinh</td><td><a href="mailto:dinhtta@apache.org">dinhtta@apache.org</a></td><td>Singapore University of Technology and Design</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Ted Dunning</td><td><a href="mailto:tdunning@apache.org">tdunning@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Jinyang Gao</td><td><a href="mailto:jinyang@apache.org">jinyang@apache.org</a></td><td>DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Alan Gates</td><td><a href="mailto:gates@apache.org">gates@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Zhaojing Luo</td><td><a href="mailto:zhaojing@apache.org">zhaojing@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Thejas Nair</td><td><a href="mailto:thejas@apache.org">thejas@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Beng Chin Ooi</td><td><a href="mailto:ooibc@apache.org">ooibc@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>Université Grenoble Alpes</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Kian-Lee Tan</td><td><a href="mailto:tankianlee@apache.org">tankianlee@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Sheng Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangsh@apache.org">wangsh@apache.org</a></td><td>DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wei Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangwei@apache.org">wangwei@apache.org</a></td><td>ByteDance</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Zhongle Xie</td><td><a href="mailto:zhongle@apache.org">zhongle@apache.org</a></td><td>Hangzhou MZH Technologies</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Sai Ho Yeung</td><td><a href="mailto:chrishkchris@apache.org">chrishkchris@apache.org</a></td><td>Cermati.com</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Meihui Zhang</td><td><a href="mailto:meihuizhang@apache.org">meihuizhang@apache.org</a></td><td>Beijing Institute of Technology</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Kaiping Zheng</td><td><a href="mailto:kaiping@apache.org">kaiping@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="committers"></a><a href="#committers" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Committers</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Name</th><th>Email</th><th>Organization</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Xiangrui Cai</td><td><a href="mailto:caixr@apache.org">caixr@apache.org</a></td><td>Nankai University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Chonho Lee</td><td><a href="mailto:chonho@apache.org">chonho@apache.org</a></td><td>Osaka University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Shicong Lin</td><td><a href="mailto:shicong@apache.org">shicong@apache.org</a></td><td>Cubist Systematic Strategies</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Rulin Xing</td><td><a href="mailto:rulin@apache.org">rulin@apache.org</a></td><td>Huazhong University of Science and Technology</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wanqi Xue</td><td><a href="mailto:xuewanqi@apache.org">xuewanqi@apache.org</a></td><td>Nanyang Technological University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Joddiy Zhang</td><td><a href="mailto:joddiyzhang@apache.org">joddiyzhang@apache.org</a></td><td>Shopee</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="contributors"></a><a href="#contributors" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Contributors</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Name</th><th>Email</th><th>Organization</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Haibo Chen</td><td><a href="mailto:hzchenhaibo@corp.netease.com">hzchenhaibo@corp.netease.com</a></td><td>NetEase</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Shicheng Chen</td><td><a href="mailto:chengsc@comp.nus.edu.sg">chengsc@comp.nus.edu.sg</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Xin Ji</td><td><a href="mailto:vincent.j.xin@gmail.com">vincent.j.xin@gmail.com</a></td><td>Visenze, Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Anthony K. H. Tung</td><td><a href="mailto:atung@comp.nus.edu.sg">atung@comp.nus.edu.sg</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Ji Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangji@mzhtechnologies.com">wangji@mzhtechnologies.com</a></td><td>Hangzhou MZH Technologies</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Yuan Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangyuan@corp.netease.com">wangyuan@corp.netease.com</a></td><td>NetEase</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wenfeng Wu</td><td><a href="mailto:dcswuw@gmail.com">dcswuw@gmail.com</a></td><td>Freelancer, China</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Kaiyuan Yang</td><td><a href="mailto:yangky@comp.nus.edu.sg">yangky@comp.nus.edu.sg</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Chang Yao</td><td><a href="mailto:yaochang2009@gmail.com">yaochang2009@gmail.com</a></td><td>Hangzhou MZH Technologies</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 3/7/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>The SINGA Team · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="The SINGA Team · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/team-list.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">The SINGA Team</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>A successful project requires many people to play many roles. Some members write
+code or documentation, while others are valuable as testers, submitting patches
+and suggestions.</p>
+<p>The SINGA community has developers mainly from National University of Singapore,
+Zhejiang University, NetEase, Osaka University, yzBigData, etc.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="pmc"></a><a href="#pmc" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>PMC</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Name</th><th>Email</th><th>Organization</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Gang Chen</td><td><a href="mailto:cg@apache.org">cg@apache.org</a></td><td>Zhejiang University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Anh Dinh</td><td><a href="mailto:dinhtta@apache.org">dinhtta@apache.org</a></td><td>Singapore University of Technology and Design</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Ted Dunning</td><td><a href="mailto:tdunning@apache.org">tdunning@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Jinyang Gao</td><td><a href="mailto:jinyang@apache.org">jinyang@apache.org</a></td><td>DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Alan Gates</td><td><a href="mailto:gates@apache.org">gates@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Zhaojing Luo</td><td><a href="mailto:zhaojing@apache.org">zhaojing@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Thejas Nair</td><td><a href="mailto:thejas@apache.org">thejas@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Beng Chin Ooi</td><td><a href="mailto:ooibc@apache.org">ooibc@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>Université Grenoble Alpes</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Kian-Lee Tan</td><td><a href="mailto:tankianlee@apache.org">tankianlee@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Sheng Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangsh@apache.org">wangsh@apache.org</a></td><td>DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wei Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangwei@apache.org">wangwei@apache.org</a></td><td>ByteDance</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Zhongle Xie</td><td><a href="mailto:zhongle@apache.org">zhongle@apache.org</a></td><td>Hangzhou MZH Technologies</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Sai Ho Yeung</td><td><a href="mailto:chrishkchris@apache.org">chrishkchris@apache.org</a></td><td>Cermati.com</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Meihui Zhang</td><td><a href="mailto:meihuizhang@apache.org">meihuizhang@apache.org</a></td><td>Beijing Institute of Technology</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Kaiping Zheng</td><td><a href="mailto:kaiping@apache.org">kaiping@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="committers"></a><a href="#committers" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Committers</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Name</th><th>Email</th><th>Organization</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Xiangrui Cai</td><td><a href="mailto:caixr@apache.org">caixr@apache.org</a></td><td>Nankai University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Chonho Lee</td><td><a href="mailto:chonho@apache.org">chonho@apache.org</a></td><td>Osaka University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Shicong Lin</td><td><a href="mailto:shicong@apache.org">shicong@apache.org</a></td><td>Cubist Systematic Strategies</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Rulin Xing</td><td><a href="mailto:rulin@apache.org">rulin@apache.org</a></td><td>Huazhong University of Science and Technology</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wanqi Xue</td><td><a href="mailto:xuewanqi@apache.org">xuewanqi@apache.org</a></td><td>Nanyang Technological University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Joddiy Zhang</td><td><a href="mailto:joddiyzhang@apache.org">joddiyzhang@apache.org</a></td><td>Shopee</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="contributors"></a><a href="#contributors" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Contributors</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Name</th><th>Email</th><th>Organization</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Haibo Chen</td><td><a href="mailto:hzchenhaibo@corp.netease.com">hzchenhaibo@corp.netease.com</a></td><td>NetEase</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Shicheng Chen</td><td><a href="mailto:chengsc@comp.nus.edu.sg">chengsc@comp.nus.edu.sg</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Xin Ji</td><td><a href="mailto:vincent.j.xin@gmail.com">vincent.j.xin@gmail.com</a></td><td>Visenze, Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Anthony K. H. Tung</td><td><a href="mailto:atung@comp.nus.edu.sg">atung@comp.nus.edu.sg</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Ji Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangji@mzhtechnologies.com">wangji@mzhtechnologies.com</a></td><td>Hangzhou MZH Technologies</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Yuan Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangyuan@corp.netease.com">wangyuan@corp.netease.com</a></td><td>NetEase</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wenfeng Wu</td><td><a href="mailto:dcswuw@gmail.com">dcswuw@gmail.com</a></td><td>Freelancer, China</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Kaiyuan Yang</td><td><a href="mailto:yangky@comp.nus.edu.sg">yangky@comp.nus.edu.sg</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Chang Yao</td><td><a href="mailto:yaochang2009@gmail.com">yaochang2009@gmail.com</a></td><td>Hangzhou MZH Technologies</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
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+<p>Each Tensor instance is a multi-dimensional array allocated on a specific Device
+instance. Tensor instances store variables and provide linear algebra operations
+over different types of hardware devices without user awareness. Note that users
+need to make sure the tensor operands are allocated on the same device except
+copy functions.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor-usage"></a><a href="#tensor-usage" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor Usage</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="create-tensor"></a><a href="#create-tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Create Tensor</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> numpy <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> np
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensor
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.from_numpy( np.asarray([[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>], [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>]], dtype=np.float32) )
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]]
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="convert-to-numpy"></a><a href="#convert-to-numpy" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Convert to numpy</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a = np.asarray([[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>], [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>]], dtype=np.float32)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.from_numpy(a)
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.to_numpy(tensor.from_numpy(a))
+array([[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>],
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]], dtype=float32)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor-methods"></a><a href="#tensor-methods" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor Methods</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>t = tensor.from_numpy(a)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>t.transpose([<span class="hljs-number">1</span>,<span class="hljs-number">0</span>])
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]]
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>tensor</code> transformation up to 6 dims</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a = tensor.random((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>,<span class="hljs-number">5</span>,<span class="hljs-number">6</span>,<span class="hljs-number">7</span>))
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a.shape
+(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, <span class="hljs-number">6</span>, <span class="hljs-number">7</span>)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a.reshape((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>,<span class="hljs-number">5</span>,<span class="hljs-number">7</span>,<span class="hljs-number">6</span>)).transpose((<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">1</span>,<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>,<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)).shape
+(<span class="hljs-number">5</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">7</span>, <span class="hljs-number">6</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor-arithmetic-methods"></a><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor Arithmetic Methods</h3>
+<p><code>tensor</code> is evaluated in real time.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>t + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
+[[<span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>t / <span class="hljs-number">5</span>
+[[<span class="hljs-number">0.2</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.2</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> ]]
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>tensor</code> broadcasting arithmetic:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.</span> <span class="hljs-number">6.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>b
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a + b
+[[<span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">6.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">5.</span> <span class="hljs-number">7.</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a * b
+[[ <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.</span>]
+ [ <span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">10.</span> <span class="hljs-number">18.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a / b
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.5</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> ]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a/=b <span class="hljs-comment"># inplace operation</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.5</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> ]]
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>tensor</code> broadcasting on matrix multiplication (GEMM)</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensor
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a = tensor.random((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>))
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>b = tensor.random((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>))
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.mult(a,b).shape
+(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor-functions"></a><a href="#tensor-functions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor Functions</h3>
+<p>Functions in module <code>singa.tensor</code> return new <code>tensor</code> object after applying the
+transformation defined in the function.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.log(t+<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+[[<span class="hljs-number">0.6931472</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.6931472</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> ]]
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor-on-different-devices"></a><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor on Different Devices</h3>
+<p><code>tensor</code> is created on host (CPU) by default; it can also be created on
+different hardware devices by specifying the <code>device</code>. A <code>tensor</code> could be moved
+between <code>device</code>s via <code>to_device()</code> function.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> device
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x = tensor.Tensor((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>), device.create_cuda_gpu())
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x.gaussian(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>,<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.531889</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.0128608</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.12691343</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">2.1674204</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.083676</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.7421203</span> ]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-comment"># move to host</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x.to_device(device.get_default_device())
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use-tensor-to-train-mlp"></a><a href="#use-tensor-to-train-mlp" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>use Tensor to train MLP</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">
+<span class="hljs-string">"""
+ code snipet from examples/mlp/module.py
+"""</span>
+
+label = get_label()
+data = get_data()
+
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu_on(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+sgd = opt.SGD(<span class="hljs-number">0.05</span>)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define tensor for input data and label</span>
+tx = tensor.Tensor((<span class="hljs-number">400</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>), dev, tensor.float32)
+ty = tensor.Tensor((<span class="hljs-number">400</span>,), dev, tensor.int32)
+model = MLP(data_size=<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, perceptron_size=<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">2</span>)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># attached model to graph</span>
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+model.compile([tx], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, use_graph=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+model.train()
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">1001</span>):
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(data)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(label)
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty, <span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>, spars=<span class="hljs-literal">None</span>)
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> i % <span class="hljs-number">100</span> == <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
+ print(<span class="hljs-string">"training loss = "</span>, tensor.to_numpy(loss)[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>])
+</code></pre>
+<p>Output:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">$ python3 examples/mlp/module.py
+training loss = 0.6158037
+training loss = 0.52852553
+training loss = 0.4571422
+training loss = 0.37274635
+training loss = 0.30146334
+training loss = 0.24906921
+training loss = 0.21128304
+training loss = 0.18390492
+training loss = 0.16362564
+training loss = 0.148164
+training loss = 0.13589878
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor-implementation"></a><a href="#tensor-implementation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor Implementation</h2>
+<p>The previous section shows the general usage of <code>Tensor</code>, the implementation
+under the hood will be covered below. First, the design of Python and C++
+tensors will be introduced. Later part will talk about how the frontend (Python)
+and backend (C++) are connected and how to extend them.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-tensor"></a><a href="#python-tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python Tensor</h3>
+<p>Python class <code>Tensor</code>, defined in <code>python/singa/tensor.py</code>, provides high level
+tensor manipulations for implementing deep learning operations (via
+<a href="./autograd">autograd</a>), as well as data management by end users.</p>
+<p>It primarily works by simply wrapping around C++ tensor methods, both arithmetic
+(e.g. <code>sum</code>) and non arithmetic methods (e.g. <code>reshape</code>). Some advanced
+arithmetic operations are later introduced and implemented using pure Python
+tensor API, e.g. <code>tensordot</code>. Python Tensor APIs could be used to implement
+complex neural network operations easily with the flexible methods available.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="c-tensor"></a><a href="#c-tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>C++ Tensor</h3>
+<p>C++ class <code>Tensor</code>, defined in <code>include/singa/core/tensor.h</code>, primarily manages
+the memory that holds the data, and provides low level APIs for tensor
+manipulation. Also, it provides various arithmetic methods (e.g. <code>matmul</code>) by
+wrapping different backends (CUDA, BLAS, cuBLAS, etc.).</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="execution-context-and-memory-block"></a><a href="#execution-context-and-memory-block" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Execution Context and Memory Block</h4>
+<p>Two important concepts or data structures for <code>Tensor</code> are the execution context
+<code>device</code>, and the memory block <code>Block</code>.</p>
+<p>Each <code>Tensor</code> is physically stored on and managed by a hardware device,
+representing the execution context (CPU, GPU). Tensor math calculations are
+executed on the device.</p>
+<p>Tensor data in a <code>Block</code> instance, defined in <code>include/singa/core/common.h</code>.
+<code>Block</code> owns the underlying data, while tensors take ownership on the metadata
+describing the tensor, like <code>shape</code>, <code>strides</code>.</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor-math-backends"></a><a href="#tensor-math-backends" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor Math Backends</h4>
+<p>To leverage on the efficient math libraries provided by different backend
+hardware devices, SINGA has one set of implementations of Tensor functions for
+each supported backend.</p>
+<ul>
+<li>'tensor_math_cpp.h' implements operations using Cpp (with CBLAS) for CppCPU
+devices.</li>
+<li>'tensor_math_cuda.h' implements operations using Cuda (with cuBLAS) for
+CudaGPU devices.</li>
+<li>'tensor_math_opencl.h' implements operations using OpenCL for OpenclGPU
+devices.</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="exposing-c-apis-to-python"></a><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Exposing C++ APIs to Python</h3>
+<p>SWIG(<a href="http://www.swig.org/">http://www.swig.org/</a>) is a tool that can automatically convert C++ APIs
+into Python APIs. SINGA uses SWIG to expose the C++ APIs to Python. Several
+files are generated by SWIG, including <code>python/singa/singa_wrap.py</code>. The Python
+modules (e.g., <code>tensor</code>, <code>device</code> and <code>autograd</code>) imports this module to call
+the C++ APIs for implementing the Python classes and functions.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensor
+
+t = tensor.Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>))
+</code></pre>
+<p>For example, when a Python <code>Tensor</code> instance is created as above, the <code>Tensor</code>
+class implementation creates an instance of the <code>Tensor</code> class defined in
+<code>singa_wrap.py</code>, which corresponds to the C++ <code>Tensor</code> class. For clarity, the
+<code>Tensor</code> class in <code>singa_wrap.py</code> is referred as <code>CTensor</code> in <code>tensor.py</code>.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># in tensor.py</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> . <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> singa_wrap <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> singa
+
+CTensor = singa.Tensor
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="create-new-tensor-functions"></a><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Create New Tensor Functions</h3>
+<p>With the groundwork set by the previous description, extending tensor functions
+could be done easily in a bottom up manner. For math operations, the steps are:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Declare the new API to <code>tensor.h</code></li>
+<li>Generate code using the predefined macro in <code>tensor.cc</code>, refer to
+<code>GenUnaryTensorFn(Abs);</code> as an example.</li>
+<li>Declare the template method/function in <code>tensor_math.h</code></li>
+<li>Do the real implementation at least for CPU (<code>tensor_math_cpp.h</code>) and
+GPU(<code>tensor_math_cuda.h</code>)</li>
+<li>Expose the API via SWIG by adding it into <code>src/api/core_tensor.i</code></li>
+<li>Define the Python Tensor API in <code>tensor.py</code> by calling the automatically
+generated function in <code>singa_wrap.py</code></li>
+<li>Write unit tests where appropriate</li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
+<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
+<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#use-tensor-to-train-mlp">use Tensor to train MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>Each Tensor instance is a multi-dimensional array allocated on a specific Device
+instance. Tensor instances store variables and provide linear algebra operations
+over different types of hardware devices without user awareness. Note that users
+need to make sure the tensor operands are allocated on the same device except
+copy functions.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor-usage"></a><a href="#tensor-usage" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor Usage</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="create-tensor"></a><a href="#create-tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Create Tensor</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> numpy <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> np
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensor
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.from_numpy( np.asarray([[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>], [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>]], dtype=np.float32) )
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]]
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="convert-to-numpy"></a><a href="#convert-to-numpy" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Convert to numpy</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a = np.asarray([[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>], [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>]], dtype=np.float32)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.from_numpy(a)
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.to_numpy(tensor.from_numpy(a))
+array([[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>],
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]], dtype=float32)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor-methods"></a><a href="#tensor-methods" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor Methods</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>t = tensor.from_numpy(a)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>t.transpose([<span class="hljs-number">1</span>,<span class="hljs-number">0</span>])
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]]
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>tensor</code> transformation up to 6 dims</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a = tensor.random((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>,<span class="hljs-number">5</span>,<span class="hljs-number">6</span>,<span class="hljs-number">7</span>))
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a.shape
+(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, <span class="hljs-number">6</span>, <span class="hljs-number">7</span>)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a.reshape((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>,<span class="hljs-number">5</span>,<span class="hljs-number">7</span>,<span class="hljs-number">6</span>)).transpose((<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">1</span>,<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>,<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)).shape
+(<span class="hljs-number">5</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">7</span>, <span class="hljs-number">6</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor-arithmetic-methods"></a><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor Arithmetic Methods</h3>
+<p><code>tensor</code> is evaluated in real time.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>t + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
+[[<span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>t / <span class="hljs-number">5</span>
+[[<span class="hljs-number">0.2</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.2</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> ]]
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>tensor</code> broadcasting arithmetic:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.</span> <span class="hljs-number">6.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>b
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a + b
+[[<span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">6.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">5.</span> <span class="hljs-number">7.</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a * b
+[[ <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.</span>]
+ [ <span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">10.</span> <span class="hljs-number">18.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a / b
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.5</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> ]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a/=b <span class="hljs-comment"># inplace operation</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.5</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> ]]
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>tensor</code> broadcasting on matrix multiplication (GEMM)</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensor
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a = tensor.random((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>))
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>b = tensor.random((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>))
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.mult(a,b).shape
+(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor-functions"></a><a href="#tensor-functions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor Functions</h3>
+<p>Functions in module <code>singa.tensor</code> return new <code>tensor</code> object after applying the
+transformation defined in the function.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.log(t+<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+[[<span class="hljs-number">0.6931472</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.6931472</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> ]]
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor-on-different-devices"></a><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor on Different Devices</h3>
+<p><code>tensor</code> is created on host (CPU) by default; it can also be created on
+different hardware devices by specifying the <code>device</code>. A <code>tensor</code> could be moved
+between <code>device</code>s via <code>to_device()</code> function.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> device
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x = tensor.Tensor((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>), device.create_cuda_gpu())
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x.gaussian(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>,<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.531889</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.0128608</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.12691343</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">2.1674204</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.083676</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.7421203</span> ]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-comment"># move to host</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x.to_device(device.get_default_device())
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use-tensor-to-train-mlp"></a><a href="#use-tensor-to-train-mlp" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>use Tensor to train MLP</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">
+<span class="hljs-string">"""
+ code snipet from examples/mlp/module.py
+"""</span>
+
+label = get_label()
+data = get_data()
+
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu_on(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+sgd = opt.SGD(<span class="hljs-number">0.05</span>)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define tensor for input data and label</span>
+tx = tensor.Tensor((<span class="hljs-number">400</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>), dev, tensor.float32)
+ty = tensor.Tensor((<span class="hljs-number">400</span>,), dev, tensor.int32)
+model = MLP(data_size=<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, perceptron_size=<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">2</span>)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># attached model to graph</span>
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+model.compile([tx], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, use_graph=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+model.train()
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">1001</span>):
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(data)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(label)
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty, <span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>, spars=<span class="hljs-literal">None</span>)
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> i % <span class="hljs-number">100</span> == <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
+ print(<span class="hljs-string">"training loss = "</span>, tensor.to_numpy(loss)[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>])
+</code></pre>
+<p>Output:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">$ python3 examples/mlp/module.py
+training loss = 0.6158037
+training loss = 0.52852553
+training loss = 0.4571422
+training loss = 0.37274635
+training loss = 0.30146334
+training loss = 0.24906921
+training loss = 0.21128304
+training loss = 0.18390492
+training loss = 0.16362564
+training loss = 0.148164
+training loss = 0.13589878
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor-implementation"></a><a href="#tensor-implementation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor Implementation</h2>
+<p>The previous section shows the general usage of <code>Tensor</code>, the implementation
+under the hood will be covered below. First, the design of Python and C++
+tensors will be introduced. Later part will talk about how the frontend (Python)
+and backend (C++) are connected and how to extend them.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-tensor"></a><a href="#python-tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python Tensor</h3>
+<p>Python class <code>Tensor</code>, defined in <code>python/singa/tensor.py</code>, provides high level
+tensor manipulations for implementing deep learning operations (via
+<a href="./autograd">autograd</a>), as well as data management by end users.</p>
+<p>It primarily works by simply wrapping around C++ tensor methods, both arithmetic
+(e.g. <code>sum</code>) and non arithmetic methods (e.g. <code>reshape</code>). Some advanced
+arithmetic operations are later introduced and implemented using pure Python
+tensor API, e.g. <code>tensordot</code>. Python Tensor APIs could be used to implement
+complex neural network operations easily with the flexible methods available.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="c-tensor"></a><a href="#c-tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>C++ Tensor</h3>
+<p>C++ class <code>Tensor</code>, defined in <code>include/singa/core/tensor.h</code>, primarily manages
+the memory that holds the data, and provides low level APIs for tensor
+manipulation. Also, it provides various arithmetic methods (e.g. <code>matmul</code>) by
+wrapping different backends (CUDA, BLAS, cuBLAS, etc.).</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="execution-context-and-memory-block"></a><a href="#execution-context-and-memory-block" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Execution Context and Memory Block</h4>
+<p>Two important concepts or data structures for <code>Tensor</code> are the execution context
+<code>device</code>, and the memory block <code>Block</code>.</p>
+<p>Each <code>Tensor</code> is physically stored on and managed by a hardware device,
+representing the execution context (CPU, GPU). Tensor math calculations are
+executed on the device.</p>
+<p>Tensor data in a <code>Block</code> instance, defined in <code>include/singa/core/common.h</code>.
+<code>Block</code> owns the underlying data, while tensors take ownership on the metadata
+describing the tensor, like <code>shape</code>, <code>strides</code>.</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor-math-backends"></a><a href="#tensor-math-backends" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor Math Backends</h4>
+<p>To leverage on the efficient math libraries provided by different backend
+hardware devices, SINGA has one set of implementations of Tensor functions for
+each supported backend.</p>
+<ul>
+<li>'tensor_math_cpp.h' implements operations using Cpp (with CBLAS) for CppCPU
+devices.</li>
+<li>'tensor_math_cuda.h' implements operations using Cuda (with cuBLAS) for
+CudaGPU devices.</li>
+<li>'tensor_math_opencl.h' implements operations using OpenCL for OpenclGPU
+devices.</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="exposing-c-apis-to-python"></a><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Exposing C++ APIs to Python</h3>
+<p>SWIG(<a href="http://www.swig.org/">http://www.swig.org/</a>) is a tool that can automatically convert C++ APIs
+into Python APIs. SINGA uses SWIG to expose the C++ APIs to Python. Several
+files are generated by SWIG, including <code>python/singa/singa_wrap.py</code>. The Python
+modules (e.g., <code>tensor</code>, <code>device</code> and <code>autograd</code>) imports this module to call
+the C++ APIs for implementing the Python classes and functions.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensor
+
+t = tensor.Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>))
+</code></pre>
+<p>For example, when a Python <code>Tensor</code> instance is created as above, the <code>Tensor</code>
+class implementation creates an instance of the <code>Tensor</code> class defined in
+<code>singa_wrap.py</code>, which corresponds to the C++ <code>Tensor</code> class. For clarity, the
+<code>Tensor</code> class in <code>singa_wrap.py</code> is referred as <code>CTensor</code> in <code>tensor.py</code>.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># in tensor.py</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> . <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> singa_wrap <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> singa
+
+CTensor = singa.Tensor
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="create-new-tensor-functions"></a><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Create New Tensor Functions</h3>
+<p>With the groundwork set by the previous description, extending tensor functions
+could be done easily in a bottom up manner. For math operations, the steps are:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Declare the new API to <code>tensor.h</code></li>
+<li>Generate code using the predefined macro in <code>tensor.cc</code>, refer to
+<code>GenUnaryTensorFn(Abs);</code> as an example.</li>
+<li>Declare the template method/function in <code>tensor_math.h</code></li>
+<li>Do the real implementation at least for CPU (<code>tensor_math_cpp.h</code>) and
+GPU(<code>tensor_math_cuda.h</code>)</li>
+<li>Expose the API via SWIG by adding it into <code>src/api/core_tensor.i</code></li>
+<li>Define the Python Tensor API in <code>tensor.py</code> by calling the automatically
+generated function in <code>singa_wrap.py</code></li>
+<li>Write unit tests where appropriate</li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
+<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
+<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#use-tensor-to-train-mlp">use Tensor to train MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>SINGA supports the time profiling of each of the operators buffered in the
+graph. To utilize the time profiling function, we first call the
+<code>device.SetVerbosity</code> method to set the verbosity of the time profilier, and
+then call the <code>device.PrintTimeProfiling</code> to print out the results of time
+profiling.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="setup-the-time-profiling-verbosity"></a><a href="#setup-the-time-profiling-verbosity" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Setup the Time Profiling Verbosity</h2>
+<p>To use the time profiling function, we need to set the verbosity. There are
+three levels of verbosity. With the default value <code>verbosity == 0</code>, it will not
+do any time profiling. When we set <code>verbosity == 1</code>, it will profile the forward
+and backward propagation time. When <code>verbosity == 2</code>, it will profile the time
+spent on every buffered operation in the graph.</p>
+<p>The following is the example code to setup the time profiling function:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># create a device</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> device
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()
+<span class="hljs-comment"># set the verbosity</span>
+verbosity = <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
+dev.SetVerbosity(verbosity)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># optional: skip the first 5 iterations when profiling the time</span>
+dev.SetSkipIteration(<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Then, after we have completed the training at the end of the program, we can
+print the time profiling result by calling the <code>device.PrintTimeProfiling</code>
+method:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">dev.PrintTimeProfiling()
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="example-outputs-for-different-verbosity"></a><a href="#example-outputs-for-different-verbosity" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Example Outputs for Different Verbosity</h2>
+<p>We can run the ResNet
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/benchmark.py">example</a>
+to see the output with different setting of verbosity:</p>
+<ol>
+<li><code>verbosity == 1</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-built_in">Time</span> Profili<span class="hljs-symbol">ng:</span>
+Forward Propagation <span class="hljs-built_in">Time</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.0409127</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">sec</span>
+Backward Propagation <span class="hljs-built_in">Time</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.114813</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">sec</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li><code>verbosity == 2</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-attr">Time Profiling:</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID0. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.73722e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID1. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000612724</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID2. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000559449</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID3. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000375004</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID4. GpuPoolingForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000240041</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID5. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.4176e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID6. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000115619</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID7. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000150415</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID8. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.95494e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID9. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.22432e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID10. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000648668</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID11. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000149793</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID12. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.92118e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID13. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.37728e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID14. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000400953</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID15. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000572181</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID16. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.21312e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID17. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000398698</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID18. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.00056836</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID19. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000542246</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID20. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000372783</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID21. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.25312e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID22. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000260731</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID23. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000149041</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID24. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.9072e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID25. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.10592e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID26. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000637481</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID27. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000152577</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID28. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.90518e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID29. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.28224e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID30. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000404586</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID31. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000569679</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID32. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000542291</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID33. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.00037211</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID34. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.13696e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID35. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000261219</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID36. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000148281</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID37. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.89299e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID38. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.25216e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID39. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000633644</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID40. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000150711</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID41. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.84902e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID42. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.18176e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID43. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000402752</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID44. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000571523</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID45. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000542435</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID46. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000372539</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID47. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.24672e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID48. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000493054</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID49. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000293142</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID50. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000190047</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID51. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.14784e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID52. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.00148837</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID53. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.34794e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID54. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.23254e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID55. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.40096e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID56. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000292971</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID57. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.00029174</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID58. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.3248e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID59. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000590154</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID60. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000294149</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID61. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000275119</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID62. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000189268</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID63. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.2704e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID64. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000341232</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID65. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.3304e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID66. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.23667e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID67. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.19936e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID68. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000542484</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID69. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.60537e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID70. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.2479e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID71. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.41824e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID72. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000291295</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID73. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000292795</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID74. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000274438</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID75. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000189689</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID76. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.21984e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID77. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000338776</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID78. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.484e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID79. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.29408e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID80. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.18208e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID81. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000545542</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID82. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.40976e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID83. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.2256e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID84. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.36256e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID85. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000293003</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID86. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.0002989</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID87. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000275041</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID88. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000189867</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID89. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.1184e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID90. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000340417</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID91. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.39395e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID92. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.26544e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID93. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.2336e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID94. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000539787</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID95. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.2753e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID96. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">4.86758e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID97. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.24384e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID98. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000287108</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID99. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000293127</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID100. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000269478</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
+<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
+<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/27/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/half-precision"><span>Half Precision</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#setup-the-time-profiling-verbosity">Setup the Time Profiling Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#example-outputs-for-different-verbosity">Example Outputs for Different Verbosity</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Time Profiling · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Time Profiling · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ }
+ });
+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/time-profiling.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Time Profiling</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA supports the time profiling of each of the operators buffered in the
+graph. To utilize the time profiling function, we first call the
+<code>device.SetVerbosity</code> method to set the verbosity of the time profilier, and
+then call the <code>device.PrintTimeProfiling</code> to print out the results of time
+profiling.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="setup-the-time-profiling-verbosity"></a><a href="#setup-the-time-profiling-verbosity" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Setup the Time Profiling Verbosity</h2>
+<p>To use the time profiling function, we need to set the verbosity. There are
+three levels of verbosity. With the default value <code>verbosity == 0</code>, it will not
+do any time profiling. When we set <code>verbosity == 1</code>, it will profile the forward
+and backward propagation time. When <code>verbosity == 2</code>, it will profile the time
+spent on every buffered operation in the graph.</p>
+<p>The following is the example code to setup the time profiling function:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># create a device</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> device
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()
+<span class="hljs-comment"># set the verbosity</span>
+verbosity = <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
+dev.SetVerbosity(verbosity)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># optional: skip the first 5 iterations when profiling the time</span>
+dev.SetSkipIteration(<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Then, after we have completed the training at the end of the program, we can
+print the time profiling result by calling the <code>device.PrintTimeProfiling</code>
+method:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">dev.PrintTimeProfiling()
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="example-outputs-for-different-verbosity"></a><a href="#example-outputs-for-different-verbosity" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Example Outputs for Different Verbosity</h2>
+<p>We can run the ResNet
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/benchmark.py">example</a>
+to see the output with different setting of verbosity:</p>
+<ol>
+<li><code>verbosity == 1</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-built_in">Time</span> Profili<span class="hljs-symbol">ng:</span>
+Forward Propagation <span class="hljs-built_in">Time</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.0409127</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">sec</span>
+Backward Propagation <span class="hljs-built_in">Time</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.114813</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">sec</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li><code>verbosity == 2</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-attr">Time Profiling:</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID0. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.73722e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID1. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000612724</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID2. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000559449</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID3. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000375004</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID4. GpuPoolingForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000240041</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID5. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.4176e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID6. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000115619</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID7. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000150415</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID8. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.95494e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID9. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.22432e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID10. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000648668</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID11. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000149793</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID12. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.92118e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID13. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.37728e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID14. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000400953</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID15. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000572181</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID16. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.21312e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID17. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000398698</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID18. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.00056836</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID19. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000542246</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID20. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000372783</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID21. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.25312e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID22. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000260731</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID23. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000149041</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID24. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.9072e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID25. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.10592e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID26. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000637481</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID27. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000152577</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID28. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.90518e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID29. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.28224e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID30. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000404586</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID31. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000569679</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID32. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000542291</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID33. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.00037211</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID34. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.13696e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID35. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000261219</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID36. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000148281</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID37. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.89299e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID38. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.25216e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID39. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000633644</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID40. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000150711</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID41. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.84902e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID42. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.18176e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID43. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000402752</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID44. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000571523</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID45. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000542435</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID46. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000372539</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID47. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.24672e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID48. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000493054</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID49. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000293142</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID50. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000190047</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID51. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.14784e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID52. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.00148837</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID53. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.34794e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID54. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.23254e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID55. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.40096e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID56. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000292971</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID57. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.00029174</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID58. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.3248e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID59. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000590154</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID60. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000294149</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID61. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000275119</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID62. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000189268</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID63. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.2704e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID64. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000341232</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID65. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.3304e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID66. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.23667e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID67. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.19936e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID68. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000542484</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID69. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.60537e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID70. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.2479e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID71. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.41824e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID72. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000291295</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID73. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000292795</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID74. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000274438</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID75. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000189689</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID76. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.21984e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID77. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000338776</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID78. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.484e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID79. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.29408e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID80. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.18208e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID81. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000545542</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID82. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.40976e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID83. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.2256e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID84. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.36256e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID85. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000293003</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID86. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.0002989</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID87. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000275041</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID88. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000189867</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID89. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.1184e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID90. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000340417</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID91. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.39395e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID92. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.26544e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID93. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.2336e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID94. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000539787</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID95. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.2753e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID96. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">4.86758e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID97. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.24384e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID98. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000287108</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID99. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000293127</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID100. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000269478</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
+<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
+<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/27/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/3.3.0/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/3.3.0/half-precision"><span>Half Precision</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#setup-the-time-profiling-verbosity">Setup the Time Profiling Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#example-outputs-for-different-verbosity">Example Outputs for Different Verbosity</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/wheel-cpu-dev.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/wheel-cpu-dev.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b14bfb
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@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>CPU only (dev version) · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="CPU only (dev version) · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="300dev200720"></a><a href="#300dev200720" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.0.0.dev200720</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b14bfb
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>CPU only (dev version) · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="CPU only (dev version) · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="300dev200720"></a><a href="#300dev200720" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.0.0.dev200720</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/wheel-cpu.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/wheel-cpu.html
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/wheel-cpu.html
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>CPU only · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="CPU only · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ {"zIndex":100}
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+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/wheel-cpu.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">CPU only</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="330"></a><a href="#330" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.3.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.3.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.3.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.3.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="320"></a><a href="#320" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.2.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~dbsystem/wheelhouse/singa-3.2.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~dbsystem/wheelhouse/singa-3.2.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~dbsystem/wheelhouse/singa-3.2.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="310"></a><a href="#310" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.1.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="300"></a><a href="#300" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.0.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#330">3.3.0</a></li><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/wheel-cpu/index.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/wheel-cpu/index.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/wheel-cpu/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>CPU only · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="CPU only · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/wheel-cpu.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">CPU only</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="330"></a><a href="#330" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.3.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.3.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.3.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.3.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="320"></a><a href="#320" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.2.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~dbsystem/wheelhouse/singa-3.2.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~dbsystem/wheelhouse/singa-3.2.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~dbsystem/wheelhouse/singa-3.2.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="310"></a><a href="#310" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.1.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="300"></a><a href="#300" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.0.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#330">3.3.0</a></li><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/wheel-gpu-dev.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/wheel-gpu-dev.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4dcd74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/wheel-gpu-dev.html
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>CUDA enabled (dev version) · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="CUDA enabled (dev version) · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/wheel-gpu-dev.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">CUDA enabled (dev version)</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="300dev200720"></a><a href="#300dev200720" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.0.0.dev200720</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4dcd74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>CUDA enabled (dev version) · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="CUDA enabled (dev version) · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="300dev200720"></a><a href="#300dev200720" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.0.0.dev200720</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/wheel-gpu.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/wheel-gpu.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8cc80c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/wheel-gpu.html
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>CUDA enabled · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="CUDA enabled · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/3.3.0/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/wheel-gpu.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">CUDA enabled</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="330"></a><a href="#330" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.3.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.3.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.3.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.3.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="320"></a><a href="#320" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.2.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~dbsystem/wheelhouse/singa-3.2.0+cuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~dbsystem/wheelhouse/singa-3.2.0+cuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~dbsystem/wheelhouse/singa-3.2.0+cuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="310"></a><a href="#310" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.1.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="300"></a><a href="#300" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.0.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#330">3.3.0</a></li><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/3.3.0/wheel-gpu/index.html b/content/docs/3.3.0/wheel-gpu/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8cc80c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/3.3.0/wheel-gpu/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>CUDA enabled · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="CUDA enabled · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="330"></a><a href="#330" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.3.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.3.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.3.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.3.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="320"></a><a href="#320" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.2.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~dbsystem/wheelhouse/singa-3.2.0+cuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~dbsystem/wheelhouse/singa-3.2.0+cuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~dbsystem/wheelhouse/singa-3.2.0+cuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="310"></a><a href="#310" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.1.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="300"></a><a href="#300" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.0.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#330">3.3.0</a></li><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>实现autograd有两种典型的方式,一种是通过如<a href="http://deeplearning.net/software/theano/index.html">Theano</a>的符号微分(symbolic differentiation)或通过如<a href="https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/notes/autograd.html">Pytorch</a>的反向微分(reverse differentialtion)。SINGA遵循Pytorch方式,即通过记录计算图,并在正向传播后自动应用反向传播。自动传播算法的详细解释请参阅<a href="https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/notes/autograd.html">这里</a>。我们接下来对SINGA中的相关模块进行解释,并举例说明其使用方法。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="相关模块"></a><a href="#相关模块" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>相关模块</h2>
+<p>在autograd中涉及三个类,分别是<code>singa.tensor.Tensor</code>,<code>singa.autograd.Operation</code>和<code>singa.autograd.Layer</code>。在本篇的后续部分中,我们使用Tensor、Operation和Layer来指代这三个类。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor"></a><a href="#tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor</h3>
+<p>Tensor的三个属性被autograd使用:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>.creator</code>是一个<code>Operation</code>实例。它记录了产生Tensor实例的这个操作。</li>
+<li><code>.request_grad</code>是一个布尔变量。它用于指示autograd算法是否需要计算张量的梯度。例如,在反向传播的过程中,线性层的权重矩阵和卷积层(非底层)的特征图的张量梯度应该被计算。</li>
+<li><code>.store_grad</code>是一个布尔变量。它用于指示张量的梯度是否应该被存储并由后向函数输出。例如,特征图的梯度是在反向传播过程中计算出来的,但不包括在反向函数的输出中。</li>
+</ul>
+<p>开发者可以改变Tensor实例的<code>requires_grad</code>和<code>stores_grad</code>。例如,如果将后者设置为True,那么相应的梯度就会被包含在后向函数的输出。需要注意的是,如果<code>stores_grad</code>是True,那么 <code>requires_grad</code>一定是真,反之亦然。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="operation"></a><a href="#operation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Operation</h3>
+<p>它将一个或多个<code>Tensor</code>实例作为输入,然后输出一个或多个<code>Tensor</code>实例。例如,ReLU可以作为一个具体的Operation子类来实现。当一个<code>Operation</code>实例被调用时(实例化后),会执行以下两个步骤。</p>
+<p>1.记录源操作,即输入张量的<code>创建者</code>。
+2.通过调用成员函数<code>.forward()</code>进行计算。</p>
+<p>有两个成员函数用于前向和反向传播,即<code>.forward()</code>和<code>.backward()</code>。它们以<code>Tensor.data</code>作为输入(类型为<code>CTensor</code>),并输出<code>Ctensor</code>s。要添加一个特定的操作,子类<code>Operation</code>应该实现自己的<code>.forward()</code>和<code>.backward()</code>函数。在后向传播过程中,autograd的<code>backward()</code>函数会自动调用<code>backward()</code>函数来计算输入的梯度(根据<code>require_grad</code>字段的参数和约束)。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="layer"></a><a href="#layer" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Layer</h3>
+<p>对于那些需要参数的Operation,我们把它们封装成一个新的类,<code>Layer</code>。例如,卷积操作被封装到卷积层(Convolution layer)中。<code>层</code>管理(存储)参数,并调用相应的<code>Operation</code>来实现变换。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="样例"></a><a href="#样例" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>样例</h2>
+<p>在<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/tree/master/examples/autograd">example folder</a>中提供了很多样例。在这里我我们分析两个最具代表性的例子。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="只使用operation"></a><a href="#只使用operation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>只使用Operation</h3>
+<p>下一段代码展示了一个只使用<code>Operation</code>的多层感知机(MLP)模型:</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="调用依赖包"></a><a href="#调用依赖包" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>调用依赖包</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa.tensor <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> Tensor
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> autograd
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="创建权重矩阵和偏置向量"></a><a href="#创建权重矩阵和偏置向量" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>创建权重矩阵和偏置向量</h4>
+<p>在将<code>requires_grad</code>和<code>stores_grad</code>都设置为<code>True</code>的情况下,创建参数张量。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">w0 = Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>), requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+w0.gaussian(<span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>)
+b0 = Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>), requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+b0.set_value(<span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>)
+
+w1 = Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>), requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+w1.gaussian(<span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>)
+b1 = Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>), requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+b1.set_value(<span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="训练"></a><a href="#训练" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>训练</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">inputs = Tensor(data=data) <span class="hljs-comment"># data matrix</span>
+target = Tensor(data=label) <span class="hljs-comment"># label vector</span>
+autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># for training</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(<span class="hljs-number">0.05</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># optimizer</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>):
+ x = autograd.matmul(inputs, w0) <span class="hljs-comment"># matrix multiplication</span>
+ x = autograd.add_bias(x, b0) <span class="hljs-comment"># add the bias vector</span>
+ x = autograd.relu(x) <span class="hljs-comment"># ReLU activation operation</span>
+
+ x = autograd.matmul(x, w1)
+ x = autograd.add_bias(x, b1)
+
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(x, target)
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p, g <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> autograd.backward(loss):
+ sgd.update(p, g)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="使用operation和layer"></a><a href="#使用operation和layer" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>使用Operation和Layer</h3>
+<p>下面的<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/autograd/mnist_cnn.py">例子</a>使用autograd模块提供的层实现了一个CNN模型。</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="创建层"></a><a href="#创建层" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>创建层</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">conv1 = autograd.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">32</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, bias=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+bn1 = autograd.BatchNorm2d(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>)
+pooling1 = autograd.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+conv21 = autograd.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>, <span class="hljs-number">16</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+conv22 = autograd.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>, <span class="hljs-number">16</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+bn2 = autograd.BatchNorm2d(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>)
+linear = autograd.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">32</span> * <span class="hljs-number">28</span> * <span class="hljs-number">28</span>, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>)
+pooling2 = autograd.AvgPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="定义正向传播函数"></a><a href="#定义正向传播函数" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>定义正向传播函数</h4>
+<p>在正向传播中的operations会被自动记录,用于反向传播。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(x, t)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># x is the input data (a batch of images)</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># t is the label vector (a batch of integers)</span>
+ y = conv1(x) <span class="hljs-comment"># Conv layer</span>
+ y = autograd.relu(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># ReLU operation</span>
+ y = bn1(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># BN layer</span>
+ y = pooling1(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># Pooling Layer</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># two parallel convolution layers</span>
+ y1 = conv21(y)
+ y2 = conv22(y)
+ y = autograd.cat((y1, y2), <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># cat operation</span>
+ y = autograd.relu(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># ReLU operation</span>
+ y = bn2(y)
+ y = pooling2(y)
+
+ y = autograd.flatten(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># flatten operation</span>
+ y = linear(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># Linear layer</span>
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(y, t) <span class="hljs-comment"># operation</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> loss, y
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="训练-1"></a><a href="#训练-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>训练</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> epoch <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(epochs):
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(batch_number):
+ inputs = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=x_train[
+ i * batch_sz:(<span class="hljs-number">1</span> + i) * batch_sz], stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+ targets = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=y_train[
+ i * batch_sz:(<span class="hljs-number">1</span> + i) * batch_sz], requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+
+ loss, y = forward(inputs, targets) <span class="hljs-comment"># forward the net</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p, gp <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> autograd.backward(loss): <span class="hljs-comment"># auto backward</span>
+ sgd.update(p, gp)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="using-the-model-api"></a><a href="#using-the-model-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Using the Model API</h3>
+<p>下面的<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/cnn.py">样例</a>使用<a href="./graph">Model API</a>实现了一个CNN模型。.</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="定义model的子类"></a><a href="#定义model的子类" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>定义Model的子类</h4>
+<p>定义模型类,它应该是Model的子类。只有这样,在训练阶段使用的所有操作才会形成一个计算图以便进行分析。图中的操作将被按时序规划并有效执行,模型类中也可以包含层。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MLP</span><span class="hljs-params">(model.Model)</span>:</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># the model is a subclass of Model</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, data_size=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, perceptron_size=<span class="hljs-number">100</span>, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>)</span>:</span>
+ super(MLP, self).__init__()
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># init the operators, layers and other objects</span>
+ self.relu = layer.ReLU()
+ self.linear1 = layer.Linear(perceptron_size)
+ self.linear2 = layer.Linear(num_classes)
+ self.softmax_cross_entropy = layer.SoftMaxCrossEntropy()
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, inputs)</span>:</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># define the forward function</span>
+ y = self.linear1(inputs)
+ y = self.relu(y)
+ y = self.linear2(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, y)</span>:</span>
+ out = self.forward(x)
+ loss = self.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+ self.optimizer(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">set_optimizer</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, optimizer)</span>:</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># attach an optimizer</span>
+ self.optimizer = optimizer
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="训练-2"></a><a href="#训练-2" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>训练</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># create a model instance</span>
+model = MLP()
+<span class="hljs-comment"># initialize optimizer and attach it to the model</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># input and target placeholders for the model</span>
+tx = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, IMG_SIZE, IMG_SIZE), dev, tensor.float32)
+ty = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, num_classes), dev, tensor.int32)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># compile the model before training</span>
+model.compile([tx], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, use_graph=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># train the model iteratively</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_train_batch):
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># generate the next mini-batch</span>
+ x, y = ...
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Copy the data into input tensors</span>
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(x)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(y)
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Training with one batch</span>
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="保存模型checkpoint"></a><a href="#保存模型checkpoint" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>保存模型checkpoint</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># define the path to save the checkpoint</span>
+checkpointpath=<span class="hljs-string">"checkpoint.zip"</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># save a checkpoint</span>
+model.save_states(fpath=checkpointpath)
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="加载模型checkpoint"></a><a href="#加载模型checkpoint" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>加载模型checkpoint</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># define the path to load the checkpoint</span>
+checkpointpath=<span class="hljs-string">"checkpoint.zip"</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># load a checkpoint</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> os
+<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> os.path.exists(checkpointpath):
+ model.load_states(fpath=checkpointpath)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h3>
+<p>关于Python API的更多细节,请参考<a href="https://singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/autograd.html#module-singa.autograd">这里</a>。</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/optimizer"><span>Optimizer</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#相关模块">相关模块</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#样例">样例</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#只使用operation">只使用Operation</a></li><li><a href="#使用operation和layer">使用Operation和Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-model-api">Using the Model API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Autograd · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Chinese"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Autograd · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/autograd.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Autograd</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>实现autograd有两种典型的方式,一种是通过如<a href="http://deeplearning.net/software/theano/index.html">Theano</a>的符号微分(symbolic differentiation)或通过如<a href="https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/notes/autograd.html">Pytorch</a>的反向微分(reverse differentialtion)。SINGA遵循Pytorch方式,即通过记录计算图,并在正向传播后自动应用反向传播。自动传播算法的详细解释请参阅<a href="https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/notes/autograd.html">这里</a>。我们接下来对SINGA中的相关模块进行解释,并举例说明其使用方法。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="相关模块"></a><a href="#相关模块" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>相关模块</h2>
+<p>在autograd中涉及三个类,分别是<code>singa.tensor.Tensor</code>,<code>singa.autograd.Operation</code>和<code>singa.autograd.Layer</code>。在本篇的后续部分中,我们使用Tensor、Operation和Layer来指代这三个类。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor"></a><a href="#tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor</h3>
+<p>Tensor的三个属性被autograd使用:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>.creator</code>是一个<code>Operation</code>实例。它记录了产生Tensor实例的这个操作。</li>
+<li><code>.request_grad</code>是一个布尔变量。它用于指示autograd算法是否需要计算张量的梯度。例如,在反向传播的过程中,线性层的权重矩阵和卷积层(非底层)的特征图的张量梯度应该被计算。</li>
+<li><code>.store_grad</code>是一个布尔变量。它用于指示张量的梯度是否应该被存储并由后向函数输出。例如,特征图的梯度是在反向传播过程中计算出来的,但不包括在反向函数的输出中。</li>
+</ul>
+<p>开发者可以改变Tensor实例的<code>requires_grad</code>和<code>stores_grad</code>。例如,如果将后者设置为True,那么相应的梯度就会被包含在后向函数的输出。需要注意的是,如果<code>stores_grad</code>是True,那么 <code>requires_grad</code>一定是真,反之亦然。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="operation"></a><a href="#operation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Operation</h3>
+<p>它将一个或多个<code>Tensor</code>实例作为输入,然后输出一个或多个<code>Tensor</code>实例。例如,ReLU可以作为一个具体的Operation子类来实现。当一个<code>Operation</code>实例被调用时(实例化后),会执行以下两个步骤。</p>
+<p>1.记录源操作,即输入张量的<code>创建者</code>。
+2.通过调用成员函数<code>.forward()</code>进行计算。</p>
+<p>有两个成员函数用于前向和反向传播,即<code>.forward()</code>和<code>.backward()</code>。它们以<code>Tensor.data</code>作为输入(类型为<code>CTensor</code>),并输出<code>Ctensor</code>s。要添加一个特定的操作,子类<code>Operation</code>应该实现自己的<code>.forward()</code>和<code>.backward()</code>函数。在后向传播过程中,autograd的<code>backward()</code>函数会自动调用<code>backward()</code>函数来计算输入的梯度(根据<code>require_grad</code>字段的参数和约束)。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="layer"></a><a href="#layer" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Layer</h3>
+<p>对于那些需要参数的Operation,我们把它们封装成一个新的类,<code>Layer</code>。例如,卷积操作被封装到卷积层(Convolution layer)中。<code>层</code>管理(存储)参数,并调用相应的<code>Operation</code>来实现变换。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="样例"></a><a href="#样例" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>样例</h2>
+<p>在<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/tree/master/examples/autograd">example folder</a>中提供了很多样例。在这里我我们分析两个最具代表性的例子。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="只使用operation"></a><a href="#只使用operation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>只使用Operation</h3>
+<p>下一段代码展示了一个只使用<code>Operation</code>的多层感知机(MLP)模型:</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="调用依赖包"></a><a href="#调用依赖包" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>调用依赖包</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa.tensor <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> Tensor
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> autograd
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="创建权重矩阵和偏置向量"></a><a href="#创建权重矩阵和偏置向量" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>创建权重矩阵和偏置向量</h4>
+<p>在将<code>requires_grad</code>和<code>stores_grad</code>都设置为<code>True</code>的情况下,创建参数张量。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">w0 = Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>), requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+w0.gaussian(<span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>)
+b0 = Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>), requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+b0.set_value(<span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>)
+
+w1 = Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>), requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+w1.gaussian(<span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>)
+b1 = Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>), requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+b1.set_value(<span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="训练"></a><a href="#训练" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>训练</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">inputs = Tensor(data=data) <span class="hljs-comment"># data matrix</span>
+target = Tensor(data=label) <span class="hljs-comment"># label vector</span>
+autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># for training</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(<span class="hljs-number">0.05</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># optimizer</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>):
+ x = autograd.matmul(inputs, w0) <span class="hljs-comment"># matrix multiplication</span>
+ x = autograd.add_bias(x, b0) <span class="hljs-comment"># add the bias vector</span>
+ x = autograd.relu(x) <span class="hljs-comment"># ReLU activation operation</span>
+
+ x = autograd.matmul(x, w1)
+ x = autograd.add_bias(x, b1)
+
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(x, target)
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p, g <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> autograd.backward(loss):
+ sgd.update(p, g)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="使用operation和layer"></a><a href="#使用operation和layer" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>使用Operation和Layer</h3>
+<p>下面的<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/autograd/mnist_cnn.py">例子</a>使用autograd模块提供的层实现了一个CNN模型。</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="创建层"></a><a href="#创建层" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>创建层</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">conv1 = autograd.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">32</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, bias=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+bn1 = autograd.BatchNorm2d(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>)
+pooling1 = autograd.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+conv21 = autograd.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>, <span class="hljs-number">16</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+conv22 = autograd.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>, <span class="hljs-number">16</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+bn2 = autograd.BatchNorm2d(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>)
+linear = autograd.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">32</span> * <span class="hljs-number">28</span> * <span class="hljs-number">28</span>, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>)
+pooling2 = autograd.AvgPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="定义正向传播函数"></a><a href="#定义正向传播函数" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>定义正向传播函数</h4>
+<p>在正向传播中的operations会被自动记录,用于反向传播。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(x, t)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># x is the input data (a batch of images)</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># t is the label vector (a batch of integers)</span>
+ y = conv1(x) <span class="hljs-comment"># Conv layer</span>
+ y = autograd.relu(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># ReLU operation</span>
+ y = bn1(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># BN layer</span>
+ y = pooling1(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># Pooling Layer</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># two parallel convolution layers</span>
+ y1 = conv21(y)
+ y2 = conv22(y)
+ y = autograd.cat((y1, y2), <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># cat operation</span>
+ y = autograd.relu(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># ReLU operation</span>
+ y = bn2(y)
+ y = pooling2(y)
+
+ y = autograd.flatten(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># flatten operation</span>
+ y = linear(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># Linear layer</span>
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(y, t) <span class="hljs-comment"># operation</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> loss, y
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="训练-1"></a><a href="#训练-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>训练</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> epoch <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(epochs):
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(batch_number):
+ inputs = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=x_train[
+ i * batch_sz:(<span class="hljs-number">1</span> + i) * batch_sz], stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+ targets = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=y_train[
+ i * batch_sz:(<span class="hljs-number">1</span> + i) * batch_sz], requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+
+ loss, y = forward(inputs, targets) <span class="hljs-comment"># forward the net</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p, gp <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> autograd.backward(loss): <span class="hljs-comment"># auto backward</span>
+ sgd.update(p, gp)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="using-the-model-api"></a><a href="#using-the-model-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Using the Model API</h3>
+<p>下面的<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/cnn.py">样例</a>使用<a href="./graph">Model API</a>实现了一个CNN模型。.</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="定义model的子类"></a><a href="#定义model的子类" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>定义Model的子类</h4>
+<p>定义模型类,它应该是Model的子类。只有这样,在训练阶段使用的所有操作才会形成一个计算图以便进行分析。图中的操作将被按时序规划并有效执行,模型类中也可以包含层。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MLP</span><span class="hljs-params">(model.Model)</span>:</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># the model is a subclass of Model</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, data_size=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, perceptron_size=<span class="hljs-number">100</span>, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>)</span>:</span>
+ super(MLP, self).__init__()
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># init the operators, layers and other objects</span>
+ self.relu = layer.ReLU()
+ self.linear1 = layer.Linear(perceptron_size)
+ self.linear2 = layer.Linear(num_classes)
+ self.softmax_cross_entropy = layer.SoftMaxCrossEntropy()
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, inputs)</span>:</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># define the forward function</span>
+ y = self.linear1(inputs)
+ y = self.relu(y)
+ y = self.linear2(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, y)</span>:</span>
+ out = self.forward(x)
+ loss = self.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+ self.optimizer(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">set_optimizer</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, optimizer)</span>:</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># attach an optimizer</span>
+ self.optimizer = optimizer
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="训练-2"></a><a href="#训练-2" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>训练</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># create a model instance</span>
+model = MLP()
+<span class="hljs-comment"># initialize optimizer and attach it to the model</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># input and target placeholders for the model</span>
+tx = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, IMG_SIZE, IMG_SIZE), dev, tensor.float32)
+ty = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, num_classes), dev, tensor.int32)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># compile the model before training</span>
+model.compile([tx], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, use_graph=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># train the model iteratively</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_train_batch):
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># generate the next mini-batch</span>
+ x, y = ...
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Copy the data into input tensors</span>
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(x)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(y)
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Training with one batch</span>
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="保存模型checkpoint"></a><a href="#保存模型checkpoint" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>保存模型checkpoint</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># define the path to save the checkpoint</span>
+checkpointpath=<span class="hljs-string">"checkpoint.zip"</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># save a checkpoint</span>
+model.save_states(fpath=checkpointpath)
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="加载模型checkpoint"></a><a href="#加载模型checkpoint" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>加载模型checkpoint</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># define the path to load the checkpoint</span>
+checkpointpath=<span class="hljs-string">"checkpoint.zip"</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># load a checkpoint</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> os
+<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> os.path.exists(checkpointpath):
+ model.load_states(fpath=checkpointpath)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h3>
+<p>关于Python API的更多细节,请参考<a href="https://singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/autograd.html#module-singa.autograd">这里</a>。</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/optimizer"><span>Optimizer</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#相关模块">相关模块</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#样例">样例</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#只使用operation">只使用Operation</a></li><li><a href="#使用operation和layer">使用Operation和Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-model-api">Using the Model API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Benchmark for Distributed Training · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Chinese"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Benchmark for Distributed Training · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ addBackToTop(
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+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Chinese</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/benchmark-train.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Benchmark for Distributed Training</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>项目:我们使用深度卷积神经网络<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">ResNet-50</a>。它有50个卷积层,用于图像分类。它需要3.8个GFLOPs来通过网络处理一张图像(尺寸为224x224)。输入的图像大小为224x224。</p>
+<p>硬件方面:我们使用的是AWS的p2.8xlarge实例,每个实例有8个Nvidia Tesla K80 GPU,共96GB GPU内存,32个vCPU,488GB主内存,10Gbps网络带宽。</p>
+<p>衡量标准:我们衡量不同数量worker的每次迭代时间,以评估SINGA的可扩展性。Batch-size固定为每个GPU32个。采用同步训练方案。因此,有效的batch-size是<code>32N</code>,其中N是GPU的数量。我们与一个流行的开源系统进行比较,该系统采用参数服务器拓扑结构。选择第一个GPU作为服务器。</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/benchmark.png" alt="Benchmark Experiments"> <br/> <strong>可扩展性测试。条形为吞吐量,折线形为通信成本。</strong></p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
+ if (e.target !== document.body) {
+ return;
+ }
+ // keyCode for '/' (slash)
+ if (e.keyCode === 191) {
+ const search = document.getElementById('search_input_react');
+ search && search.focus();
+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
+ apiKey: '45202133606c0b5fa6d21cddc4725dd8',
+ indexName: 'apache_singa',
+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
+ algoliaOptions: {"facetFilters":["language:en","version:3.0.0"]}
+ });
+ </script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/benchmark-train/index.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/benchmark-train/index.html
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/benchmark-train/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Benchmark for Distributed Training · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Chinese"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Benchmark for Distributed Training · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Chinese</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/benchmark-train.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Benchmark for Distributed Training</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>项目:我们使用深度卷积神经网络<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">ResNet-50</a>。它有50个卷积层,用于图像分类。它需要3.8个GFLOPs来通过网络处理一张图像(尺寸为224x224)。输入的图像大小为224x224。</p>
+<p>硬件方面:我们使用的是AWS的p2.8xlarge实例,每个实例有8个Nvidia Tesla K80 GPU,共96GB GPU内存,32个vCPU,488GB主内存,10Gbps网络带宽。</p>
+<p>衡量标准:我们衡量不同数量worker的每次迭代时间,以评估SINGA的可扩展性。Batch-size固定为每个GPU32个。采用同步训练方案。因此,有效的batch-size是<code>32N</code>,其中N是GPU的数量。我们与一个流行的开源系统进行比较,该系统采用参数服务器拓扑结构。选择第一个GPU作为服务器。</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/benchmark.png" alt="Benchmark Experiments"> <br/> <strong>可扩展性测试。条形为吞吐量,折线形为通信成本。</strong></p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
+ if (e.target !== document.body) {
+ return;
+ }
+ // keyCode for '/' (slash)
+ if (e.keyCode === 191) {
+ const search = document.getElementById('search_input_react');
+ search && search.focus();
+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
+ apiKey: '45202133606c0b5fa6d21cddc4725dd8',
+ indexName: 'apache_singa',
+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
+ algoliaOptions: {"facetFilters":["language:en","version:3.0.0"]}
+ });
+ </script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/build.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/build.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5cb48d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/build.html
@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Build SINGA from Source · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Chinese"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Build SINGA from Source · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Chinese</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Development</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Getting Started</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/installation">Installation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/software-stack">Software Stack</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/examples">Examples</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Guides</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/device">Device</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/tensor">Tensor</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/autograd">Autograd</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/optimizer">Optimizer</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/graph">Model</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/onnx">ONNX</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/dist-train">Distributed Training</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/time-profiling">Time Profiling</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/half-precision">Half Precision</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Development</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/downloads">Download SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/build">Build SINGA from Source</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/contribute-code">How to Contribute Code</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/contribute-docs">How to Contribute to Documentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/how-to-release">How to Prepare a Release</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/git-workflow">Git Workflow</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+ }
+ }
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+ var arrow = this.childNodes[1];
+ arrow.classList.toggle('rotate');
+ var content = this.nextElementSibling;
+ content.classList.toggle('hide');
+ });
+ }
+
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ createToggler('#navToggler', '#docsNav', 'docsSliderActive');
+ createToggler('#tocToggler', 'body', 'tocActive');
+
+ var headings = document.querySelector('.toc-headings');
+ headings && headings.addEventListener('click', function(event) {
+ var el = event.target;
+ while(el !== headings){
+ if (el.tagName === 'A') {
+ document.body.classList.remove('tocActive');
+ break;
+ } else{
+ el = el.parentNode;
+ }
+ }
+ }, false);
+
+ function createToggler(togglerSelector, targetSelector, className) {
+ var toggler = document.querySelector(togglerSelector);
+ var target = document.querySelector(targetSelector);
+
+ if (!toggler) {
+ return;
+ }
+
+ toggler.onclick = function(event) {
+ event.preventDefault();
+
+ target.classList.toggle(className);
+ };
+ }
+ });
+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/build.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Build SINGA from Source</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>源文件可以通过<a href="https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/">tar.gz文件</a>或git repo的形式下载:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> git <span class="hljs-built_in">clone</span> https://github.com/apache/singa.git</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> singa/</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>如果您想为SINGA贡献代码,请参考<a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/contribute-code">贡献代码</a>页面的步骤和要求。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="使用conda构筑singa"></a><a href="#使用conda构筑singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>使用Conda构筑SINGA</h2>
+<p>Conda-build 是一个构建工具,它从anaconda cloud安装依赖的库并执行构建脚本。</p>
+<p>安装conda-build(需要先安装conda):</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install conda-build
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="构建cpu版本"></a><a href="#构建cpu版本" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>构建CPU版本</h3>
+<p>构建SINGA的CPU版本:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda build tool/conda/singa/
+</code></pre>
+<p>以上命令已经在Ubuntu(14.04,16.04和18.04)和macOS 10.11上测试过。更多信息请参考<a href="https://travis-ci.org/apache/singa">Travis-CI page</a>页面。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="构建gpu版本"></a><a href="#构建gpu版本" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>构建GPU版本</h3>
+<p>要构建GPU版的SINGA,计算机必须装备有Nvida GPU,而且需要安装CUDA driver(>=384.81)、CUDA toolkit(>=9)和cuDNN(>=7)。以下两个Docker镜像提供了构建环境:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>apache/singa:conda-cuda9.0</li>
+<li>apache/singa:conda-cuda10.0</li>
+</ol>
+<p>构建环境准备好后,需要先导出CUDA版本,然后运行conda命令构建SINGA:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">export CUDA=x.y (e.g. 9.0)
+conda build tool/conda/singa/
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="后处理"></a><a href="#后处理" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>后处理</h3>
+<p>生成的包文件的位置(<code>.tar.gz</code>)将打印在终端上,生成的包可以直接安装:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install -c conda-forge --use-local <path to the package file>
+</code></pre>
+<p>若要上传到anaconda云端供他人下载安装,需要在 anaconda 上注册一个账号,才能<a href="https://docs.anaconda.com/anaconda-cloud/user-guide/getting-started/">上传包</a>:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install anaconda-client
+anaconda login
+anaconda upload -l main <path to the package file>
+</code></pre>
+<p>将包上传到云端后,您可以在<a href="https://anaconda.org/">Anaconda Cloud</a>上看到,也可以通过以下命令查看:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda search -c <anaconda username> singa
+</code></pre>
+<p>每个特定的SINGA软件包都由版本和构建字符串来标识。要安装一个特定的SINGA包,需要提供所有信息,例如:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install -c <anaconda username> -c conda-forge singa=2.1.0.dev=cpu_py36
+</code></pre>
+<p>为了使安装命令简单化,您可以创建以下附加包,这些包依赖于最新的CPU和GPU SINGA包:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-console"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> singa-cpu</span>
+conda build tool/conda/cpu/ --python=3.6
+conda build tool/conda/cpu/ --python=3.7
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> singa-gpu</span>
+conda build tool/conda/gpu/ --python=3.6
+conda build tool/conda/gpu/ --python=3.7
+</code></pre>
+<p>因此,当您运行:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install -c <anaconda username> -c conda-forge singa-xpu
+</code></pre>
+<p>时(<code>xpu</code>表示'cpu' or 'gpu'), 相应的真正的SINGA包将作为依赖库被安装。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="使用本地工具在ubuntu上构建singa"></a><a href="#使用本地工具在ubuntu上构建singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>使用本地工具在Ubuntu上构建SINGA</h2>
+<p>请参阅 SINGA <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/tool/docker/devel/ubuntu/cuda9/Dockerfile#L30">Dockerfiles</a>,了解在 Ubuntu 16.04 上安装依赖库的说明。您也可以使用 devel 映像创建一个 Docker 容器,并在容器中构建 SINGA。要使用GPU、DNNL、Python和单元测试来构建SINGA,请运行以下命令:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir build # at the root of singa folder
+cd build
+cmake -DENABLE_TEST=ON -DUSE_CUDA=ON -DUSE_DNNL=ON -DUSE_PYTHON3=ON ..
+make
+cd python
+pip install .
+</code></pre>
+<p>CMake选项的详细内容在本页最后一节解释,上面最后一条命令是安装Python包。你也可以运行<code>pip install -e .</code>,它可以创建符号链接,而不是将 Python 文件复制到 site-package 文件夹中。</p>
+<p>如果SINGA在ENABLE_TEST=ON的情况下编译,您可以通过以下方式运行单元测试:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> ./bin/test_singa</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>您可以看到所有的测试案例与测试结果。如果SINGA通过了所有测试,那么您就成功安装了SINGA。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="使用本地工具在centos7上构建singa"></a><a href="#使用本地工具在centos7上构建singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>使用本地工具在Centos7上构建SINGA</h2>
+<p>由于Centos7的软件包名称不同,因此从源码开始构建会有所不同。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="安装依赖项"></a><a href="#安装依赖项" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>安装依赖项</h3>
+<p>基础包和库文件:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum install freetype-devel libXft-devel ncurses-devel openblas-devel blas-devel lapack devel atlas-devel kernel-headers unzip wget pkgconfig zip zlib-devel libcurl-devel cmake curl unzip dh-autoreconf git python-devel glog-devel protobuf-devel
+</code></pre>
+<p>构建必需的包:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum group install "Development Tools"
+</code></pre>
+<p>若要安装swig:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum install pcre-devel
+wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/swig/swig-3.0.10.tar.gz
+tar xvzf swig-3.0.10.tar.gz
+cd swig-3.0.10.tar.gz
+./configure --prefix=${RUN}
+make
+make install
+</code></pre>
+<p>安装gfortran:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum install centos-release-scl-rh
+sudo yum --enablerepo=centos-sclo-rh-testing install devtoolset-7-gcc-gfortran
+</code></pre>
+<p>安装pip和其他包:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum install epel-release
+sudo yum install python-pip
+pip install matplotlib numpy pandas scikit-learn pydot
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="安装singa"></a><a href="#安装singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>安装SINGA</h3>
+<p>按照《使用本地工具在Ubuntu上构建SINGA》的步骤1-5进行操作</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="测试"></a><a href="#测试" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>测试</h3>
+<p>您可以通过如下方式进行</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> ./bin/test_singa</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>您可以看到所有的测试案例与测试结果。如果SINGA通过了所有测试,即表示安装成功。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="在windows中编译singa"></a><a href="#在windows中编译singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>在Windows中编译SINGA</h2>
+<p>在Windows上使用Python支持构建SINGA的说明可以在<a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/install-win">install-win页面</a>找到。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="关于编译选项的更多细节"></a><a href="#关于编译选项的更多细节" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>关于编译选项的更多细节</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_modules-已过期废弃"></a><a href="#use_modules-已过期废弃" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_MODULES (已过期废弃)</h3>
+<p>如果没有安装protobuf和openblas,你可以用它们一起编译SINGA</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> In SINGA ROOT folder</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> mkdir build</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> build</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_MODULES=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>cmake 会下载 OpenBlas 和 Protobuf (2.6.1) 并与 SINGA 一起编译。</p>
+<p>您可以使用<code>ccmake ..</code>来配置编译选项。如果一些依赖的库不在系统默认路径中,则您需要手动导出以下环境变量:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">export CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH=<path to the header file folder>
+export CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=<path to the lib file folder>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_python"></a><a href="#use_python" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_PYTHON</h3>
+<p>编译SINGA的Python封装器选项:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_PYTHON=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> python</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> pip install .</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_cuda"></a><a href="#use_cuda" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_CUDA</h3>
+<p>我们推荐用户安装CUDA和<a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn">cuDNN</a>,以便在GPU上运行SINGA,以获得更好的性能。</p>
+<p>SINGA已经在CUDA 9/10和cuDNN 7上进行了测试。如果cuDNN安装在非系统文件夹中,例如 /home/bob/local/cudnn/,则需要执行以下命令来让cmake在编译时能够找到它们:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH=/home/bob/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/cudnn/include:<span class="hljs-variable">$CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH</span></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/bob/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/cudnn/lib64:<span class="hljs-variable">$CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH</span></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/bob/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/cudnn/lib64:<span class="hljs-variable">$LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span></span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>CUDA和cuDNN的cmake选项应该设置成“ON”:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> Dependent libs are install already</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_CUDA=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_dnnl"></a><a href="#use_dnnl" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_DNNL</h3>
+<p>用户可以启用DNNL来提高CPU的计算性能,DNNL的安装指南可以在<a href="https://github.com/intel/mkl-dnn#installation">这里</a>找到:</p>
+<p>SINGA在DNNL v1.1环境下已经进行过测试并通过,</p>
+<p>若要启用DNNL支持来编译SINGA:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> Dependent libs are installed already</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_DNNL=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_opencl"></a><a href="#use_opencl" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_OPENCL</h3>
+<p>SINGA使用opencl-headers和viennacl(版本1.7.1及以上)来支持OpenCL,它们可以通过如下方式安装:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> On Ubuntu 16.04</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo apt-get install opencl-headers, libviennacl-dev</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> On Fedora</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo yum install opencl-headers, viennacl</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>此外,你需要在你想运行OpenCL的平台安装OpenCL Installable Client Driver(ICD)。</p>
+<ul>
+<li>对于AMD和Nvidia的GPU,驱动包也应该安装与之匹配的OpenCL ICD。</li>
+<li>对于Intel的CPU和/或GPU,请从<a href="https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/opencl-drivers">Intel官方网站</a>上获取驱动程序。请注意,该网站上提供的驱动程序只支持最新的CPU和Iris GPU。</li>
+<li>对于旧的Intel CPU,你可以使用beignet-opencl-icd包。</li>
+</ul>
+<p>请注意,目前不建议在CPU上运行OpenCL,因为运行速度会很慢。内存传输是以整数秒为单位的(直观来说,CPU上是1000毫秒,而GPU上是1毫秒)。</p>
+<p>更多关于建立OpenCL工作环境的信息可以在<a href="https://wiki.tiker.net/OpenCLHowTo">这里</a>找到。</p>
+<p>如果ViennaCL的软件包版本不是至少1.7.1,则需要从源码构建它:</p>
+<p>从<a href="https://github.com/viennacl/viennacl-dev">这个git repo</a>clone版本库,切换(checkout)到release-1.7.1分支,然后构建它,并把项目路径添加到PATH,再把构建的库文件添加到LD_LIBRARY_PATH。</p>
+<p>构建支持OpenCL的SINGA(在SINGA 1.1上测试):</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_OPENCL=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="package"></a><a href="#package" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>PACKAGE</h3>
+<p>这个设置是用来构建 Debian 软件包的。设置PACKAGE=ON,然后用make命令来编译软件包,如下所示:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DPACKAGE=ON</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make package</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="faq"></a><a href="#faq" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>FAQ</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: 'import singa'阶段报错</p>
+<p>A: 请检查<code>python -c "from singa import _singa_wrap</code>中的详细错误。有时是由依赖库引起的,比如protobuf有多个版本,cudnn缺失,numpy版本不匹配等问题。下面展示了不同情况下的解决方案</p>
+<ol>
+<li><p>检查cudnn和cuda。如果cudnn缺失或与wheel包的版本不一致,你可以下载正确的cudnn版本到~/local/cudnn/,然后:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/<yourname>/local/cudnn/lib64:<span class="hljs-variable">$LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span>"</span> >> ~/.bashrc</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>如果是protobuf的问题。你可以将protobuf (3.6.1)从源码安装到本地文件夹,比如 ~/local/,解压tar文件,然后:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> ./configure --prefix=/home/<yourname><span class="hljs-built_in">local</span></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make && make install</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/<yourname>/local/lib:<span class="hljs-variable">$LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span>"</span> >> ~/.bashrc</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">source</span> ~/.bashrc</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>如果找不到包括python在内的其他类库,则使用<code>pip</code>或<code>conda</code>创建虚拟环境.</p></li>
+<li><p>如果不是上述原因造成的,请到<code>_singa_wrap.so</code>文件夹中查看:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash">> import importlib</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash">> importlib.import_module(<span class="hljs-string">'_singa_wrap'</span>)</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>来检查错误信息。例如,如果是numpy的版本不匹配,错误信息会是:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">RuntimeError: module compiled against API version 0xb but this version of numpy is 0xa
+</code></pre>
+<p>那么你就需要更新numpy到更高版本。</p></li>
+</ol></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: 运行<code>cmake ...</code>时出错,找不到依赖库。</p>
+<p>A: 如果你还没有安装这些依赖库,请先安装它们。如果你在系统文件夹之外的文件夹中安装了库,例如/usr/local,那您需要手动导出以下变量:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH=<path to your header file folder></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=<path to your lib file folder></span>
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: 来自<code>make</code>的错误,例如linking阶段的错误.</p>
+<p>A: 如果您的库文件在系统默认路径以外的其他文件夹中,则需要手动导出以下变量。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> LIBRARY_PATH=<path to your lib file folder></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> LD_LIBRARY_PATH=<path to your lib file folder></span>
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: 来自头文件的错误,例如'cblas.h文件不存在'</p>
+<p>A: 您需要手动将cblas.h的文件夹包含在CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH中,例如:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/opt/OpenBLAS/include:<span class="hljs-variable">$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH</span></span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: 在编译SINGA时,我收到错误信息<code>SSE2 instruction set not enabled</code></p>
+<p>A:您可以尝试如下指令:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make CFLAGS=<span class="hljs-string">'-msse2'</span> CXXFLAGS=<span class="hljs-string">'-msse2'</span></span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q:当试图导入.py文件时,从google.protobuf.internal收到<code>ImportError: cannot import name enum_type_wrapper</code>。</p>
+<p>A: 您需要安装protobuf的Python绑定包,它可以通过如下方式安装:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo apt-get install protobuf</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>或从源文件编译:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> /PROTOBUF/SOURCE/FOLDER</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> python</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python setup.py build</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python setup.py install</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: 当我从源码构建OpenBLAS时,被告知需要一个Fortran编译器。</p>
+<p>A: 您可以通过如下方式编译OpenBLAS:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make ONLY_CBLAS=1</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>或者通过如下方式安装:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo apt-get install libopenblas-dev</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: 当我构建协议缓冲区时,它报告说在<code>/usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6</code>中没有找到<code>GLIBC++_3.4.20</code>?</p>
+<p>A: 这意味着链接器找到了libstdc++.so.6,但该库属于旧的GCC(用于编译和链接程序的GCC)版本。此程序依赖于新的libstdc++中定义的代码,而该代码属于较新版本的GCC,所以必须告诉链接器如何找到较新的libstdc++共享库。最简单的解决方法是找到正确的libstdc++,并将其导出到LD_LIBRARY_PATH。例如,如果下面命令的输出中列出了GLIBC++_3.4.20:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> $ strings /usr/local/lib64/libstdc++.so.6|grep GLIBC++
+</code></pre>
+<p>那么接下来需要设置环境变量为:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> $ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: 当构建glog时,报告说 "src/logging_unittest.cc:83:20: error: 'gflags' is not a namespace-name"。</p>
+<p>A: 可能是由于安装的gflags用了不同的命名空间,比如 "google",所以glog找不到'gflags'的命名空间。实际上建立glog并不需要gflags,所以你可以修改configure.ac文件来忽略gflags。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> 1. cd to glog src directory
+ 2. change line 125 of configure.ac to "AC_CHECK_LIB(gflags, main, ac_cv_have_libgflags=0, ac_cv_have_libgflags=0)"
+ 3. autoreconf
+</code></pre>
+<p>执行上述命令后,就可以重新构建glog了。</p></li>
+<li><p>Q: 在使用虚拟环境时,每次运行pip install,都会重新安装numpy。但是,当运行<code>import numpy</code>时,numpy并没有被调用。</p>
+<p>A: 可能是由于<code>PYTHONPATH</code>造成的,在使用虚拟环境时,应将<code>PYTHONPATH</code>设置为空,以避免与虚拟环境本身的路径冲突。</p></li>
+<li><p>Q: 当从源代码编译PySINGA时,由于缺少<numpy/objectarray.h>,出现的编译错误。</p>
+<p>A: 请安装numpy并导出numpy头文件的路径为</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> $ export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=`python -c "import numpy; print numpy.get_include()"`:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: 当我在Mac OS X中运行SINGA时,报错 "Fatal Python error:
+PyThreadState_Get: no current thread Abort trap: 6"</p>
+<p>A: 这个错误通常发生在系统上有多个版本的Python,并且是通过pip安装的SINGA (通过conda安装时不会出现这个问题),例如,操作系统自带的版本和Homebrew安装的版本。PySINGA所链接的Python必须与Python解释器(interpreter)相同。 您可以通过 <code>which python</code> 检查您的解释器路径并通过<code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>检查PySINGA链接的Python路径。要解决这个问题,请用正确的 Python 版本编译 SINGA。需要注意的是,如果您从源码编译 PySINGA,您需要在调用<a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15291500/i-have-2-versions-of-python-installed-but-cmake-is-using-older-version-how-do">cmake</a>时指定路径:</p></li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> $ cmake -DPYTHON_LIBRARY=`python-config --prefix`/lib/libpython2.7.dylib -DPYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=`python-config --prefix`/include/python2.7/ ..
+</code></pre>
+<p>如果从二进制包中安装PySINGA,例如debian或wheel,那么你需要改变python解释器的路径,例如,重新设置$PATH,并把Python的正确路径放在前面的位置。</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#使用conda构筑singa">使用Conda构筑SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#构建cpu版本">构建CPU版本</a></li><li><a href="#构建gpu版本">构建GPU版本</a></li><li><a href="#后处理">后处理</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#使用本地工具在ubuntu上构建singa">使用本地工具在Ubuntu上构建SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#使用本地工具在centos7上构建singa">使用本地工具在Centos7上构建SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#安装依赖项">安装依赖项</a></li><li><a href="#安装singa">安装SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#测试">测试</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#在windows中编译singa">在Windows中编译SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#关于编译选项的更多细节">关于编译选项的更多细节</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-已过期废弃">USE_MODULES (已过期废弃)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
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+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Build SINGA from Source · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Chinese"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Build SINGA from Source · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<p>源文件可以通过<a href="https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/">tar.gz文件</a>或git repo的形式下载:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> git <span class="hljs-built_in">clone</span> https://github.com/apache/singa.git</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> singa/</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>如果您想为SINGA贡献代码,请参考<a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/contribute-code">贡献代码</a>页面的步骤和要求。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="使用conda构筑singa"></a><a href="#使用conda构筑singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>使用Conda构筑SINGA</h2>
+<p>Conda-build 是一个构建工具,它从anaconda cloud安装依赖的库并执行构建脚本。</p>
+<p>安装conda-build(需要先安装conda):</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install conda-build
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="构建cpu版本"></a><a href="#构建cpu版本" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>构建CPU版本</h3>
+<p>构建SINGA的CPU版本:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda build tool/conda/singa/
+</code></pre>
+<p>以上命令已经在Ubuntu(14.04,16.04和18.04)和macOS 10.11上测试过。更多信息请参考<a href="https://travis-ci.org/apache/singa">Travis-CI page</a>页面。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="构建gpu版本"></a><a href="#构建gpu版本" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>构建GPU版本</h3>
+<p>要构建GPU版的SINGA,计算机必须装备有Nvida GPU,而且需要安装CUDA driver(>=384.81)、CUDA toolkit(>=9)和cuDNN(>=7)。以下两个Docker镜像提供了构建环境:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>apache/singa:conda-cuda9.0</li>
+<li>apache/singa:conda-cuda10.0</li>
+</ol>
+<p>构建环境准备好后,需要先导出CUDA版本,然后运行conda命令构建SINGA:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">export CUDA=x.y (e.g. 9.0)
+conda build tool/conda/singa/
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="后处理"></a><a href="#后处理" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>后处理</h3>
+<p>生成的包文件的位置(<code>.tar.gz</code>)将打印在终端上,生成的包可以直接安装:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install -c conda-forge --use-local <path to the package file>
+</code></pre>
+<p>若要上传到anaconda云端供他人下载安装,需要在 anaconda 上注册一个账号,才能<a href="https://docs.anaconda.com/anaconda-cloud/user-guide/getting-started/">上传包</a>:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install anaconda-client
+anaconda login
+anaconda upload -l main <path to the package file>
+</code></pre>
+<p>将包上传到云端后,您可以在<a href="https://anaconda.org/">Anaconda Cloud</a>上看到,也可以通过以下命令查看:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda search -c <anaconda username> singa
+</code></pre>
+<p>每个特定的SINGA软件包都由版本和构建字符串来标识。要安装一个特定的SINGA包,需要提供所有信息,例如:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install -c <anaconda username> -c conda-forge singa=2.1.0.dev=cpu_py36
+</code></pre>
+<p>为了使安装命令简单化,您可以创建以下附加包,这些包依赖于最新的CPU和GPU SINGA包:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-console"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> singa-cpu</span>
+conda build tool/conda/cpu/ --python=3.6
+conda build tool/conda/cpu/ --python=3.7
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> singa-gpu</span>
+conda build tool/conda/gpu/ --python=3.6
+conda build tool/conda/gpu/ --python=3.7
+</code></pre>
+<p>因此,当您运行:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install -c <anaconda username> -c conda-forge singa-xpu
+</code></pre>
+<p>时(<code>xpu</code>表示'cpu' or 'gpu'), 相应的真正的SINGA包将作为依赖库被安装。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="使用本地工具在ubuntu上构建singa"></a><a href="#使用本地工具在ubuntu上构建singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>使用本地工具在Ubuntu上构建SINGA</h2>
+<p>请参阅 SINGA <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/tool/docker/devel/ubuntu/cuda9/Dockerfile#L30">Dockerfiles</a>,了解在 Ubuntu 16.04 上安装依赖库的说明。您也可以使用 devel 映像创建一个 Docker 容器,并在容器中构建 SINGA。要使用GPU、DNNL、Python和单元测试来构建SINGA,请运行以下命令:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir build # at the root of singa folder
+cd build
+cmake -DENABLE_TEST=ON -DUSE_CUDA=ON -DUSE_DNNL=ON -DUSE_PYTHON3=ON ..
+make
+cd python
+pip install .
+</code></pre>
+<p>CMake选项的详细内容在本页最后一节解释,上面最后一条命令是安装Python包。你也可以运行<code>pip install -e .</code>,它可以创建符号链接,而不是将 Python 文件复制到 site-package 文件夹中。</p>
+<p>如果SINGA在ENABLE_TEST=ON的情况下编译,您可以通过以下方式运行单元测试:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> ./bin/test_singa</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>您可以看到所有的测试案例与测试结果。如果SINGA通过了所有测试,那么您就成功安装了SINGA。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="使用本地工具在centos7上构建singa"></a><a href="#使用本地工具在centos7上构建singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>使用本地工具在Centos7上构建SINGA</h2>
+<p>由于Centos7的软件包名称不同,因此从源码开始构建会有所不同。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="安装依赖项"></a><a href="#安装依赖项" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>安装依赖项</h3>
+<p>基础包和库文件:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum install freetype-devel libXft-devel ncurses-devel openblas-devel blas-devel lapack devel atlas-devel kernel-headers unzip wget pkgconfig zip zlib-devel libcurl-devel cmake curl unzip dh-autoreconf git python-devel glog-devel protobuf-devel
+</code></pre>
+<p>构建必需的包:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum group install "Development Tools"
+</code></pre>
+<p>若要安装swig:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum install pcre-devel
+wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/swig/swig-3.0.10.tar.gz
+tar xvzf swig-3.0.10.tar.gz
+cd swig-3.0.10.tar.gz
+./configure --prefix=${RUN}
+make
+make install
+</code></pre>
+<p>安装gfortran:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum install centos-release-scl-rh
+sudo yum --enablerepo=centos-sclo-rh-testing install devtoolset-7-gcc-gfortran
+</code></pre>
+<p>安装pip和其他包:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum install epel-release
+sudo yum install python-pip
+pip install matplotlib numpy pandas scikit-learn pydot
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="安装singa"></a><a href="#安装singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>安装SINGA</h3>
+<p>按照《使用本地工具在Ubuntu上构建SINGA》的步骤1-5进行操作</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="测试"></a><a href="#测试" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>测试</h3>
+<p>您可以通过如下方式进行</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> ./bin/test_singa</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>您可以看到所有的测试案例与测试结果。如果SINGA通过了所有测试,即表示安装成功。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="在windows中编译singa"></a><a href="#在windows中编译singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>在Windows中编译SINGA</h2>
+<p>在Windows上使用Python支持构建SINGA的说明可以在<a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/install-win">install-win页面</a>找到。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="关于编译选项的更多细节"></a><a href="#关于编译选项的更多细节" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>关于编译选项的更多细节</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_modules-已过期废弃"></a><a href="#use_modules-已过期废弃" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_MODULES (已过期废弃)</h3>
+<p>如果没有安装protobuf和openblas,你可以用它们一起编译SINGA</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> In SINGA ROOT folder</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> mkdir build</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> build</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_MODULES=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>cmake 会下载 OpenBlas 和 Protobuf (2.6.1) 并与 SINGA 一起编译。</p>
+<p>您可以使用<code>ccmake ..</code>来配置编译选项。如果一些依赖的库不在系统默认路径中,则您需要手动导出以下环境变量:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">export CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH=<path to the header file folder>
+export CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=<path to the lib file folder>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_python"></a><a href="#use_python" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_PYTHON</h3>
+<p>编译SINGA的Python封装器选项:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_PYTHON=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> python</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> pip install .</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_cuda"></a><a href="#use_cuda" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_CUDA</h3>
+<p>我们推荐用户安装CUDA和<a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn">cuDNN</a>,以便在GPU上运行SINGA,以获得更好的性能。</p>
+<p>SINGA已经在CUDA 9/10和cuDNN 7上进行了测试。如果cuDNN安装在非系统文件夹中,例如 /home/bob/local/cudnn/,则需要执行以下命令来让cmake在编译时能够找到它们:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH=/home/bob/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/cudnn/include:<span class="hljs-variable">$CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH</span></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/bob/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/cudnn/lib64:<span class="hljs-variable">$CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH</span></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/bob/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/cudnn/lib64:<span class="hljs-variable">$LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span></span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>CUDA和cuDNN的cmake选项应该设置成“ON”:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> Dependent libs are install already</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_CUDA=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_dnnl"></a><a href="#use_dnnl" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_DNNL</h3>
+<p>用户可以启用DNNL来提高CPU的计算性能,DNNL的安装指南可以在<a href="https://github.com/intel/mkl-dnn#installation">这里</a>找到:</p>
+<p>SINGA在DNNL v1.1环境下已经进行过测试并通过,</p>
+<p>若要启用DNNL支持来编译SINGA:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> Dependent libs are installed already</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_DNNL=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_opencl"></a><a href="#use_opencl" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_OPENCL</h3>
+<p>SINGA使用opencl-headers和viennacl(版本1.7.1及以上)来支持OpenCL,它们可以通过如下方式安装:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> On Ubuntu 16.04</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo apt-get install opencl-headers, libviennacl-dev</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> On Fedora</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo yum install opencl-headers, viennacl</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>此外,你需要在你想运行OpenCL的平台安装OpenCL Installable Client Driver(ICD)。</p>
+<ul>
+<li>对于AMD和Nvidia的GPU,驱动包也应该安装与之匹配的OpenCL ICD。</li>
+<li>对于Intel的CPU和/或GPU,请从<a href="https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/opencl-drivers">Intel官方网站</a>上获取驱动程序。请注意,该网站上提供的驱动程序只支持最新的CPU和Iris GPU。</li>
+<li>对于旧的Intel CPU,你可以使用beignet-opencl-icd包。</li>
+</ul>
+<p>请注意,目前不建议在CPU上运行OpenCL,因为运行速度会很慢。内存传输是以整数秒为单位的(直观来说,CPU上是1000毫秒,而GPU上是1毫秒)。</p>
+<p>更多关于建立OpenCL工作环境的信息可以在<a href="https://wiki.tiker.net/OpenCLHowTo">这里</a>找到。</p>
+<p>如果ViennaCL的软件包版本不是至少1.7.1,则需要从源码构建它:</p>
+<p>从<a href="https://github.com/viennacl/viennacl-dev">这个git repo</a>clone版本库,切换(checkout)到release-1.7.1分支,然后构建它,并把项目路径添加到PATH,再把构建的库文件添加到LD_LIBRARY_PATH。</p>
+<p>构建支持OpenCL的SINGA(在SINGA 1.1上测试):</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_OPENCL=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="package"></a><a href="#package" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>PACKAGE</h3>
+<p>这个设置是用来构建 Debian 软件包的。设置PACKAGE=ON,然后用make命令来编译软件包,如下所示:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DPACKAGE=ON</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make package</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="faq"></a><a href="#faq" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>FAQ</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: 'import singa'阶段报错</p>
+<p>A: 请检查<code>python -c "from singa import _singa_wrap</code>中的详细错误。有时是由依赖库引起的,比如protobuf有多个版本,cudnn缺失,numpy版本不匹配等问题。下面展示了不同情况下的解决方案</p>
+<ol>
+<li><p>检查cudnn和cuda。如果cudnn缺失或与wheel包的版本不一致,你可以下载正确的cudnn版本到~/local/cudnn/,然后:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/<yourname>/local/cudnn/lib64:<span class="hljs-variable">$LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span>"</span> >> ~/.bashrc</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>如果是protobuf的问题。你可以将protobuf (3.6.1)从源码安装到本地文件夹,比如 ~/local/,解压tar文件,然后:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> ./configure --prefix=/home/<yourname><span class="hljs-built_in">local</span></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make && make install</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/<yourname>/local/lib:<span class="hljs-variable">$LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span>"</span> >> ~/.bashrc</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">source</span> ~/.bashrc</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>如果找不到包括python在内的其他类库,则使用<code>pip</code>或<code>conda</code>创建虚拟环境.</p></li>
+<li><p>如果不是上述原因造成的,请到<code>_singa_wrap.so</code>文件夹中查看:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash">> import importlib</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash">> importlib.import_module(<span class="hljs-string">'_singa_wrap'</span>)</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>来检查错误信息。例如,如果是numpy的版本不匹配,错误信息会是:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">RuntimeError: module compiled against API version 0xb but this version of numpy is 0xa
+</code></pre>
+<p>那么你就需要更新numpy到更高版本。</p></li>
+</ol></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: 运行<code>cmake ...</code>时出错,找不到依赖库。</p>
+<p>A: 如果你还没有安装这些依赖库,请先安装它们。如果你在系统文件夹之外的文件夹中安装了库,例如/usr/local,那您需要手动导出以下变量:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH=<path to your header file folder></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=<path to your lib file folder></span>
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: 来自<code>make</code>的错误,例如linking阶段的错误.</p>
+<p>A: 如果您的库文件在系统默认路径以外的其他文件夹中,则需要手动导出以下变量。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> LIBRARY_PATH=<path to your lib file folder></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> LD_LIBRARY_PATH=<path to your lib file folder></span>
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: 来自头文件的错误,例如'cblas.h文件不存在'</p>
+<p>A: 您需要手动将cblas.h的文件夹包含在CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH中,例如:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/opt/OpenBLAS/include:<span class="hljs-variable">$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH</span></span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: 在编译SINGA时,我收到错误信息<code>SSE2 instruction set not enabled</code></p>
+<p>A:您可以尝试如下指令:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make CFLAGS=<span class="hljs-string">'-msse2'</span> CXXFLAGS=<span class="hljs-string">'-msse2'</span></span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q:当试图导入.py文件时,从google.protobuf.internal收到<code>ImportError: cannot import name enum_type_wrapper</code>。</p>
+<p>A: 您需要安装protobuf的Python绑定包,它可以通过如下方式安装:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo apt-get install protobuf</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>或从源文件编译:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> /PROTOBUF/SOURCE/FOLDER</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> python</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python setup.py build</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python setup.py install</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: 当我从源码构建OpenBLAS时,被告知需要一个Fortran编译器。</p>
+<p>A: 您可以通过如下方式编译OpenBLAS:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make ONLY_CBLAS=1</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>或者通过如下方式安装:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo apt-get install libopenblas-dev</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: 当我构建协议缓冲区时,它报告说在<code>/usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6</code>中没有找到<code>GLIBC++_3.4.20</code>?</p>
+<p>A: 这意味着链接器找到了libstdc++.so.6,但该库属于旧的GCC(用于编译和链接程序的GCC)版本。此程序依赖于新的libstdc++中定义的代码,而该代码属于较新版本的GCC,所以必须告诉链接器如何找到较新的libstdc++共享库。最简单的解决方法是找到正确的libstdc++,并将其导出到LD_LIBRARY_PATH。例如,如果下面命令的输出中列出了GLIBC++_3.4.20:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> $ strings /usr/local/lib64/libstdc++.so.6|grep GLIBC++
+</code></pre>
+<p>那么接下来需要设置环境变量为:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> $ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: 当构建glog时,报告说 "src/logging_unittest.cc:83:20: error: 'gflags' is not a namespace-name"。</p>
+<p>A: 可能是由于安装的gflags用了不同的命名空间,比如 "google",所以glog找不到'gflags'的命名空间。实际上建立glog并不需要gflags,所以你可以修改configure.ac文件来忽略gflags。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> 1. cd to glog src directory
+ 2. change line 125 of configure.ac to "AC_CHECK_LIB(gflags, main, ac_cv_have_libgflags=0, ac_cv_have_libgflags=0)"
+ 3. autoreconf
+</code></pre>
+<p>执行上述命令后,就可以重新构建glog了。</p></li>
+<li><p>Q: 在使用虚拟环境时,每次运行pip install,都会重新安装numpy。但是,当运行<code>import numpy</code>时,numpy并没有被调用。</p>
+<p>A: 可能是由于<code>PYTHONPATH</code>造成的,在使用虚拟环境时,应将<code>PYTHONPATH</code>设置为空,以避免与虚拟环境本身的路径冲突。</p></li>
+<li><p>Q: 当从源代码编译PySINGA时,由于缺少<numpy/objectarray.h>,出现的编译错误。</p>
+<p>A: 请安装numpy并导出numpy头文件的路径为</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> $ export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=`python -c "import numpy; print numpy.get_include()"`:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: 当我在Mac OS X中运行SINGA时,报错 "Fatal Python error:
+PyThreadState_Get: no current thread Abort trap: 6"</p>
+<p>A: 这个错误通常发生在系统上有多个版本的Python,并且是通过pip安装的SINGA (通过conda安装时不会出现这个问题),例如,操作系统自带的版本和Homebrew安装的版本。PySINGA所链接的Python必须与Python解释器(interpreter)相同。 您可以通过 <code>which python</code> 检查您的解释器路径并通过<code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>检查PySINGA链接的Python路径。要解决这个问题,请用正确的 Python 版本编译 SINGA。需要注意的是,如果您从源码编译 PySINGA,您需要在调用<a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15291500/i-have-2-versions-of-python-installed-but-cmake-is-using-older-version-how-do">cmake</a>时指定路径:</p></li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> $ cmake -DPYTHON_LIBRARY=`python-config --prefix`/lib/libpython2.7.dylib -DPYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=`python-config --prefix`/include/python2.7/ ..
+</code></pre>
+<p>如果从二进制包中安装PySINGA,例如debian或wheel,那么你需要改变python解释器的路径,例如,重新设置$PATH,并把Python的正确路径放在前面的位置。</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#使用conda构筑singa">使用Conda构筑SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#构建cpu版本">构建CPU版本</a></li><li><a href="#构建gpu版本">构建GPU版本</a></li><li><a href="#后处理">后处理</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#使用本地工具在ubuntu上构建singa">使用本地工具在Ubuntu上构建SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#使用本地工具在centos7上构建singa">使用本地工具在Centos7上构建SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#安装依赖项">安装依赖项</a></li><li><a href="#安装singa">安装SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#测试">测试</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#在windows中编译singa">在Windows中编译SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#关于编译选项的更多细节">关于编译选项的更多细节</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-已过期废弃">USE_MODULES (已过期废弃)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Chinese</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Development</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Getting Started</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/installation">Installation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/software-stack">Software Stack</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/examples">Examples</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Guides</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/device">Device</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/tensor">Tensor</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/autograd">Autograd</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/optimizer">Optimizer</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/graph">Model</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/onnx">ONNX</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/dist-train">Distributed Training</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/time-profiling">Time Profiling</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/half-precision">Half Precision</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Development</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/downloads">Download SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/build">Build SINGA from Source</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/contribute-code">How to Contribute Code</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/contribute-docs">How to Contribute to Documentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/how-to-release">How to Prepare a Release</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/git-workflow">Git Workflow</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="代码风格"></a><a href="#代码风格" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>代码风格</h2>
+<p>SINGA代码库在<a href="http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/cppguide.xml">CPP</a>和<a href="http://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html">Python</a>代码中都遵循Google风格。</p>
+<p>强制执行Google编码风格的一个简单方法是使用Visual Studio Code编辑器中的linting和格式化工具:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode.cpptools">C/C++扩展</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-python.python">Python扩展</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=mine.cpplint">cpplint扩展</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=xaver.clang-format">Clang-Format</a></li>
+</ul>
+<p>安装扩展后,编辑<code>settings.json</code>文件:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-json">{
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"[cpp]"</span>: {
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"editor.defaultFormatter"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"xaver.clang-format"</span>
+ },
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"cpplint.cpplintPath"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"path/to/cpplint"</span>,
+
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"editor.formatOnSave"</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"python.formatting.provider"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"yapf"</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"python.linting.enabled"</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"python.linting.lintOnSave"</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"clang-format.language.cpp.style"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"google"</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"python.formatting.yapfArgs"</span>: [<span class="hljs-string">"--style"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"{based_on_style: google}"</span>]
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>根据您的操作系统,用户设置文件位于以下位置:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Windows %APPDATA%\Code\User\settings.json</li>
+<li>macOS "$HOME/Library/Application Support/Code/User/settings.json"</li>
+<li>Linux "$HOME/.config/Code/User/settings.json"</li>
+</ol>
+<p>配置是在相应的配置文件中指定的。而这些工具会自动查找项目根目录下的配置文件,比如<code>.pylintrc</code>。</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="安装必要工具"></a><a href="#安装必要工具" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>安装必要工具</h4>
+<p>最理想的情况是所有贡献者都使用相同版本的代码格式化工具(clang-format 9.0.0和yapf 0.29.0),这样在不同PR中的代码格式化就会完全相同,从而摆脱github pull request冲突。</p>
+<p>首先,安装LLVM 9.0,它提供了clang-format 9.0.0版本,LLVM的下载页面如下:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p><a href="http://releases.llvm.org/download.html#9.0.0">LLVM</a></p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Ubuntu系统:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh">sudo apt-get install clang-format-9
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Windows系统,下载预编译包并安装。</p></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>然后,安装cpplint, pylint和yapf</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Ubuntu或OSX:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo pip install cpplint</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">which</span> cpplint</span>
+/path/to/cpplint
+<span class="hljs-meta">
+$</span><span class="bash"> pip install yapf==0.29.0</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> pip install pylint</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Windows: 安装Anaconda进行包管理</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">$ pip <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> cpplint
+$ <span class="hljs-keyword">where</span> cpplint
+C:/<span class="hljs-keyword">path</span>/<span class="hljs-keyword">to</span>/cpplint.exe
+
+$ pip <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> yapf==<span class="hljs-number">0.29</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>
+$ pip <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> pylint
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="使用"></a><a href="#使用" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>使用</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>配置后,在编辑源代码文件时,linting会自动启用。错误和警告会在Visual Studio Code <code>PROBLEMS</code>面板中列出。</li>
+<li>代码格式化可以通过调出Command Palette(Windows中为<code>Shift+Ctrl+P</code>,OS X中为<code>Shift+Command+P</code>)并输入<code>Format Document</code>来完成。</li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="提交"></a><a href="#提交" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>提交</h4>
+<p>修正格式错误以后就可以提交pull request了。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="开发环境"></a><a href="#开发环境" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>开发环境</h2>
+<p>推荐使用Visual Studio Code作为编辑器。可以安装Python、C/C++、代码拼写检查器、autoDocstring、vim、远程开发等扩展。这些扩展的参考配置(即<code>settings.json</code>)可以在<a href="https://gist.github.com/nudles/3d23cfb6ffb30ca7636c45fe60278c55">这里</a>查看。</p>
+<p>如果更新CPP代码,需要从<a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/build">源文件</a>重新编译SINGA。建议使用<code>*-devel Docker</code>镜像中的原生构建工具或使用<code>conda build</code>。</p>
+<p>如果要只更新Python代码,您可以安装一次SINGA,然后复制更新后的Python文件来替换Python安装文件夹中的文件。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cp python/singa/xx.py <path to conda>/lib/python3.7/site-packages/singa/
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="工作流程"></a><a href="#工作流程" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>工作流程</h2>
+<p>请参阅<a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/git-workflow">git工作流程页面</a>.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#代码风格">代码风格</a></li><li><a href="#开发环境">开发环境</a></li><li><a href="#工作流程">工作流程</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="代码风格"></a><a href="#代码风格" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>代码风格</h2>
+<p>SINGA代码库在<a href="http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/cppguide.xml">CPP</a>和<a href="http://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html">Python</a>代码中都遵循Google风格。</p>
+<p>强制执行Google编码风格的一个简单方法是使用Visual Studio Code编辑器中的linting和格式化工具:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode.cpptools">C/C++扩展</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-python.python">Python扩展</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=mine.cpplint">cpplint扩展</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=xaver.clang-format">Clang-Format</a></li>
+</ul>
+<p>安装扩展后,编辑<code>settings.json</code>文件:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-json">{
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"[cpp]"</span>: {
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"editor.defaultFormatter"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"xaver.clang-format"</span>
+ },
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"cpplint.cpplintPath"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"path/to/cpplint"</span>,
+
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"editor.formatOnSave"</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"python.formatting.provider"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"yapf"</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"python.linting.enabled"</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"python.linting.lintOnSave"</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"clang-format.language.cpp.style"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"google"</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"python.formatting.yapfArgs"</span>: [<span class="hljs-string">"--style"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"{based_on_style: google}"</span>]
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>根据您的操作系统,用户设置文件位于以下位置:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Windows %APPDATA%\Code\User\settings.json</li>
+<li>macOS "$HOME/Library/Application Support/Code/User/settings.json"</li>
+<li>Linux "$HOME/.config/Code/User/settings.json"</li>
+</ol>
+<p>配置是在相应的配置文件中指定的。而这些工具会自动查找项目根目录下的配置文件,比如<code>.pylintrc</code>。</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="安装必要工具"></a><a href="#安装必要工具" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>安装必要工具</h4>
+<p>最理想的情况是所有贡献者都使用相同版本的代码格式化工具(clang-format 9.0.0和yapf 0.29.0),这样在不同PR中的代码格式化就会完全相同,从而摆脱github pull request冲突。</p>
+<p>首先,安装LLVM 9.0,它提供了clang-format 9.0.0版本,LLVM的下载页面如下:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p><a href="http://releases.llvm.org/download.html#9.0.0">LLVM</a></p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Ubuntu系统:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh">sudo apt-get install clang-format-9
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Windows系统,下载预编译包并安装。</p></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>然后,安装cpplint, pylint和yapf</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Ubuntu或OSX:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo pip install cpplint</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">which</span> cpplint</span>
+/path/to/cpplint
+<span class="hljs-meta">
+$</span><span class="bash"> pip install yapf==0.29.0</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> pip install pylint</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Windows: 安装Anaconda进行包管理</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">$ pip <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> cpplint
+$ <span class="hljs-keyword">where</span> cpplint
+C:/<span class="hljs-keyword">path</span>/<span class="hljs-keyword">to</span>/cpplint.exe
+
+$ pip <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> yapf==<span class="hljs-number">0.29</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>
+$ pip <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> pylint
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="使用"></a><a href="#使用" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>使用</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>配置后,在编辑源代码文件时,linting会自动启用。错误和警告会在Visual Studio Code <code>PROBLEMS</code>面板中列出。</li>
+<li>代码格式化可以通过调出Command Palette(Windows中为<code>Shift+Ctrl+P</code>,OS X中为<code>Shift+Command+P</code>)并输入<code>Format Document</code>来完成。</li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="提交"></a><a href="#提交" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>提交</h4>
+<p>修正格式错误以后就可以提交pull request了。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="开发环境"></a><a href="#开发环境" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>开发环境</h2>
+<p>推荐使用Visual Studio Code作为编辑器。可以安装Python、C/C++、代码拼写检查器、autoDocstring、vim、远程开发等扩展。这些扩展的参考配置(即<code>settings.json</code>)可以在<a href="https://gist.github.com/nudles/3d23cfb6ffb30ca7636c45fe60278c55">这里</a>查看。</p>
+<p>如果更新CPP代码,需要从<a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/build">源文件</a>重新编译SINGA。建议使用<code>*-devel Docker</code>镜像中的原生构建工具或使用<code>conda build</code>。</p>
+<p>如果要只更新Python代码,您可以安装一次SINGA,然后复制更新后的Python文件来替换Python安装文件夹中的文件。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cp python/singa/xx.py <path to conda>/lib/python3.7/site-packages/singa/
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="工作流程"></a><a href="#工作流程" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>工作流程</h2>
+<p>请参阅<a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/git-workflow">git工作流程页面</a>.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#代码风格">代码风格</a></li><li><a href="#开发环境">开发环境</a></li><li><a href="#工作流程">工作流程</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
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+<p>文档有两种类型,即markdown文件和API使用参考。本指南介绍了一些工具,并指导如何准备md文件和API注释。</p>
+<p>md文件将通过<a href="https://docusaurus.io/">Docusaurus</a>构建成HTML页面;API注释(来自源代码)将用于使用Sphinx(对应Python)和Doxygen(对应CPP)生成API参考页面。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="markdown文件"></a><a href="#markdown文件" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Markdown文件</h2>
+<p>请尽量遵循<a href="https://developers.google.com/style">Google Documentation style</a>。例如:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>删除指令中的"please"。如:'Please click...' VS 'Click...'。</li>
+<li>遵循标准的<a href="https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/mechanics/help_with_capitals.html">大小写规则</a>。</li>
+<li>在说明中用"you"代替"we"。</li>
+<li>使用现在时态,避免使用<code>will</code>。</li>
+<li>尽量使用主动语态而不是被动。</li>
+</ol>
+<p>此外,为了使文件一致:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>句子不宜过长, e.g., 长度<=80</li>
+<li>尽量使用相对路径,假设我们在repo的根目录下,例如,<code>doc-site/docs</code>指的是<code>singa-doc/docs-site/docs</code>。</li>
+<li>使用背标将命令、路径、类函数和变量亮出来,例如,<code>Tensor</code>, <code>singa-doc/docs-site/docs</code>。</li>
+<li>为了突出其他术语/概念,使用 <em>斜体</em> or <strong>加粗</strong></li>
+</ol>
+<p>本项目使用的<a href="https://prettier.io/">prettier tool</a>会在我们进行git提交时,根据<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/.prettierrc">配置</a>自动格式化代码。例如,它会将markdown文件中的文本最多折叠成80个字符(注释行除外)。</p>
+<p>在介绍一个概念(如<code>Tensor</code>类)时,要提供概述(目的和与其他概念的关系)、API和例子,还可以用Google colab来演示其用法。</p>
+<p>详细的编辑md文件和建立网站的方法请参考<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/tree/master/docs-site">本页面</a>。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="api-references"></a><a href="#api-references" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>API References</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h3>
+<p>请遵循<a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#Comments">Google CPP注释风格</a>.</p>
+<p>要生成文档,请从doc文件夹中运行 "doxygen"(推荐使用Doxygen >= 1.8)。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h3>
+<p>请遵循<a href="http://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html#38-comments-and-docstrings">Google Python DocString风格</a>.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="visual-studio-code-vscode"></a><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Visual Studio Code (vscode)</h2>
+<p>如果你使用vscode作为编辑器,我们推荐使用以下插件。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="docstring-snippet"></a><a href="#docstring-snippet" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Docstring Snippet</h3>
+<p><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=njpwerner.autodocstring">autoDocstring</a>生成函数、类等的docstring,要注意选择使用<code>google</code>的docString格式。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="spell-check"></a><a href="#spell-check" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Spell Check</h3>
+<p><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=streetsidesoftware.code-spell-checker">Code Spell Checker</a>可以用来检查代码的注释,或<code>.md</code>和<code>.rst</code>文件。</p>
+<p>要只对Python代码的注释进行拼写检查,可以在<code>File - Preferences - User Snippets - python.json</code>中添加以下代码段:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">"cspell check" : {
+"prefix": "cspell",
+"body": [
+ "# Directives for doing spell check only for python and c/cpp comments",
+ "# cSpell:includeRegExp #.* ",
+ "# cSpell:includeRegExp (\"\"\"|''')[^\1]*\1",
+ "# cSpell: CStyleComment",
+],
+"description": "# spell check only for python comments"
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>如果要只对Cpp代码的注释进行拼写检查,可以在<code>File - Preferences - User Snippets - cpp.json</code>中添加以下代码段:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">"cspell check" : {
+"prefix": "cspell",
+"body": [
+ "// Directive for doing spell check only for cpp comments",
+ "// cSpell:includeRegExp CStyleComment",
+],
+"description": "# spell check only for cpp comments"
+}
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#markdown文件">Markdown文件</a></li><li><a href="#api-references">API References</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#spell-check">Spell Check</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>文档有两种类型,即markdown文件和API使用参考。本指南介绍了一些工具,并指导如何准备md文件和API注释。</p>
+<p>md文件将通过<a href="https://docusaurus.io/">Docusaurus</a>构建成HTML页面;API注释(来自源代码)将用于使用Sphinx(对应Python)和Doxygen(对应CPP)生成API参考页面。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="markdown文件"></a><a href="#markdown文件" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Markdown文件</h2>
+<p>请尽量遵循<a href="https://developers.google.com/style">Google Documentation style</a>。例如:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>删除指令中的"please"。如:'Please click...' VS 'Click...'。</li>
+<li>遵循标准的<a href="https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/mechanics/help_with_capitals.html">大小写规则</a>。</li>
+<li>在说明中用"you"代替"we"。</li>
+<li>使用现在时态,避免使用<code>will</code>。</li>
+<li>尽量使用主动语态而不是被动。</li>
+</ol>
+<p>此外,为了使文件一致:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>句子不宜过长, e.g., 长度<=80</li>
+<li>尽量使用相对路径,假设我们在repo的根目录下,例如,<code>doc-site/docs</code>指的是<code>singa-doc/docs-site/docs</code>。</li>
+<li>使用背标将命令、路径、类函数和变量亮出来,例如,<code>Tensor</code>, <code>singa-doc/docs-site/docs</code>。</li>
+<li>为了突出其他术语/概念,使用 <em>斜体</em> or <strong>加粗</strong></li>
+</ol>
+<p>本项目使用的<a href="https://prettier.io/">prettier tool</a>会在我们进行git提交时,根据<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/.prettierrc">配置</a>自动格式化代码。例如,它会将markdown文件中的文本最多折叠成80个字符(注释行除外)。</p>
+<p>在介绍一个概念(如<code>Tensor</code>类)时,要提供概述(目的和与其他概念的关系)、API和例子,还可以用Google colab来演示其用法。</p>
+<p>详细的编辑md文件和建立网站的方法请参考<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/tree/master/docs-site">本页面</a>。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="api-references"></a><a href="#api-references" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>API References</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h3>
+<p>请遵循<a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#Comments">Google CPP注释风格</a>.</p>
+<p>要生成文档,请从doc文件夹中运行 "doxygen"(推荐使用Doxygen >= 1.8)。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h3>
+<p>请遵循<a href="http://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html#38-comments-and-docstrings">Google Python DocString风格</a>.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="visual-studio-code-vscode"></a><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Visual Studio Code (vscode)</h2>
+<p>如果你使用vscode作为编辑器,我们推荐使用以下插件。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="docstring-snippet"></a><a href="#docstring-snippet" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Docstring Snippet</h3>
+<p><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=njpwerner.autodocstring">autoDocstring</a>生成函数、类等的docstring,要注意选择使用<code>google</code>的docString格式。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="spell-check"></a><a href="#spell-check" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Spell Check</h3>
+<p><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=streetsidesoftware.code-spell-checker">Code Spell Checker</a>可以用来检查代码的注释,或<code>.md</code>和<code>.rst</code>文件。</p>
+<p>要只对Python代码的注释进行拼写检查,可以在<code>File - Preferences - User Snippets - python.json</code>中添加以下代码段:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">"cspell check" : {
+"prefix": "cspell",
+"body": [
+ "# Directives for doing spell check only for python and c/cpp comments",
+ "# cSpell:includeRegExp #.* ",
+ "# cSpell:includeRegExp (\"\"\"|''')[^\1]*\1",
+ "# cSpell: CStyleComment",
+],
+"description": "# spell check only for python comments"
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>如果要只对Cpp代码的注释进行拼写检查,可以在<code>File - Preferences - User Snippets - cpp.json</code>中添加以下代码段:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">"cspell check" : {
+"prefix": "cspell",
+"body": [
+ "// Directive for doing spell check only for cpp comments",
+ "// cSpell:includeRegExp CStyleComment",
+],
+"description": "# spell check only for cpp comments"
+}
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#markdown文件">Markdown文件</a></li><li><a href="#api-references">API References</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#spell-check">Spell Check</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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+ // keyCode for '/' (slash)
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+ search && search.focus();
+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
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diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/device.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/device.html
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Device · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Chinese"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Device · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Chinese</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Guides</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Getting Started</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/installation">Installation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/software-stack">Software Stack</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/examples">Examples</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Guides</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/device">Device</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/tensor">Tensor</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/autograd">Autograd</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/optimizer">Optimizer</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/graph">Model</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/onnx">ONNX</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/dist-train">Distributed Training</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/time-profiling">Time Profiling</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/half-precision">Half Precision</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Development</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/downloads">Download SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/build">Build SINGA from Source</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/contribute-code">How to Contribute Code</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/contribute-docs">How to Contribute to Documentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/how-to-release">How to Prepare a Release</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/git-workflow">Git Workflow</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/device.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Device</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>Device代表一个有内存和计算单元的硬件设备。所有的<a href="./tensor">Tensor操作</a>都由常驻设备安排执行的,Tensor内存也由设备的内存管理器管理。因此,需要在Device类中实现内存和执行的优化。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="特定设备"></a><a href="#特定设备" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>特定设备</h2>
+<p>目前,SINGA支持三种设备:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>CudaGPU:用于运行Cuda代码的Nvidia GPU。</li>
+<li>CppCPU:用于运行Cpp代码的CPU。</li>
+<li>OpenclGPU:用于运行OpenCL代码的GPU卡。</li>
+</ol>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="用法示例"></a><a href="#用法示例" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>用法示例</h2>
+<p>下面的代码提供了创建设备的例子:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> device
+cuda = device.create_cuda_gpu_on(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># use GPU card of ID 0</span>
+host = device.get_default_device() <span class="hljs-comment"># get the default host device (a CppCPU)</span>
+ary1 = device.create_cuda_gpus(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices, starting from ID 0</span>
+ary2 = device.create_cuda_gpus([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices on ID 0 and 2</span>
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#特定设备">特定设备</a></li><li><a href="#用法示例">用法示例</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+<p>Device代表一个有内存和计算单元的硬件设备。所有的<a href="./tensor">Tensor操作</a>都由常驻设备安排执行的,Tensor内存也由设备的内存管理器管理。因此,需要在Device类中实现内存和执行的优化。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="特定设备"></a><a href="#特定设备" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>特定设备</h2>
+<p>目前,SINGA支持三种设备:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>CudaGPU:用于运行Cuda代码的Nvidia GPU。</li>
+<li>CppCPU:用于运行Cpp代码的CPU。</li>
+<li>OpenclGPU:用于运行OpenCL代码的GPU卡。</li>
+</ol>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="用法示例"></a><a href="#用法示例" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>用法示例</h2>
+<p>下面的代码提供了创建设备的例子:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> device
+cuda = device.create_cuda_gpu_on(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># use GPU card of ID 0</span>
+host = device.get_default_device() <span class="hljs-comment"># get the default host device (a CppCPU)</span>
+ary1 = device.create_cuda_gpus(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices, starting from ID 0</span>
+ary2 = device.create_cuda_gpus([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices on ID 0 and 2</span>
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#特定设备">特定设备</a></li><li><a href="#用法示例">用法示例</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/dist-train.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Distributed Training</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA支持跨多个GPU的数据并行训练(在单个节点上或跨不同节点)。下图说明了数据并行训练的情况:</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/MPI.png" alt="MPI.png"></p>
+<p>在分布式训练中,每个进程(称为worker)在单个GPU上运行一个训练脚本,每个进程都有一个单独的通信等级,训练数据被分发给各个worker,模型在每个worker上被复制。在每次迭代中,worker从其分区中读取数据的一个mini-batch(例如,256张图像),并运行BackPropagation算法来计算权重的梯度,通过all-reduce(由<a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/nccl">NCCL</a>提供)进行平均,按照随机梯度下降算法(SGD)进行权重更新。</p>
+<p>NCCL的all-reduce操作可以用来减少和同步不同GPU的梯度。假设我们使用4个GPU进行训练,如下图所示。一旦计算出4个GPU的梯度,all-reduce将返回GPU的梯度之和,并使其在每个GPU上可用,然后就可以轻松计算出平均梯度。</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/AllReduce.png" alt="AllReduce.png"></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="使用"></a><a href="#使用" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>使用</h2>
+<p>SINGA提供了一个名为<code>DistOpt</code>(<code>Opt</code>的一个子类)的模块,用于分布式训练。它封装了一个普通的SGD优化器,并调用<code>Communicator</code>进行梯度同步。下面的例子说明了如何使用<code>DistOpt</code>在MNIST数据集上训练一个CNN模型。源代码在<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/">这里</a>,或者可以使用<a href="">Colab notebook</a>。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="代码示例"></a><a href="#代码示例" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>代码示例</h3>
+<ol>
+<li>定义神经网络模型:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">CNN</span><span class="hljs-params">(model.Model)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, num_channels=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)</span>:</span>
+ super(CNN, self).__init__()
+ self.conv1 = layer.Conv2d(num_channels, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, activation=<span class="hljs-string">"RELU"</span>)
+ self.conv2 = layer.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">50</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, activation=<span class="hljs-string">"RELU"</span>)
+ self.linear1 = layer.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">500</span>)
+ self.linear2 = layer.Linear(num_classes)
+ self.pooling1 = layer.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.pooling2 = layer.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.relu = layer.ReLU()
+ self.flatten = layer.Flatten()
+ self.softmax_cross_entropy = layer.SoftMaxCrossEntropy()
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x)</span>:</span>
+ y = self.conv1(x)
+ y = self.pooling1(y)
+ y = self.conv2(y)
+ y = self.pooling2(y)
+ y = self.flatten(y)
+ y = self.linear1(y)
+ y = self.relu(y)
+ y = self.linear2(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, y, dist_option=<span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>, spars=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)</span>:</span>
+ out = self.forward(x)
+ loss = self.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Allow different options for distributed training</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># See the section "Optimizations for Distributed Training"</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>:
+ self.optimizer(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp16'</span>:
+ self.optimizer.backward_and_update_half(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'partialUpdate'</span>:
+ self.optimizer.backward_and_partial_update(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseTopK'</span>:
+ self.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>,
+ spars=spars)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseThreshold'</span>:
+ self.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>,
+ spars=spars)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># create model</span>
+model = CNN()
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>创建<code>DistOpt</code>实例并将其应用到创建的模型上:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>)
+sgd = opt.DistOpt(sgd)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu_on(sgd.local_rank)
+</code></pre>
+<p>下面是关于代码中一些变量的解释:</p>
+<p>(i) <code>dev</code></p>
+<p>dev代表<code>Device</code>实例,在设备中加载数据并运行CNN模型。</p>
+<p>(ii)<code>local_rank</code></p>
+<p>Local rank表示当前进程在同一节点中使用的GPU数量。例如,如果你使用的节点有2个GPU,<code>local_rank=0</code>表示这个进程使用的是第一个GPU,而<code>local_rank=1</code>表示使用的是第二个GPU。使用MPI或多进程,你能够运行相同的训练脚本,唯一的区别<code>local_rank</code>的值不同。</p>
+<p>(iii)<code>global_rank</code></p>
+<p>global中的rank代表了你使用的所有节点中所有进程的全局排名。让我们考虑这样的情况:你有3个节点,每个节点有两个GPU, <code>global_rank=0</code>表示使用第1个节点的第1个GPU的进程, <code>global_rank=2</code>表示使用第2个节点的第1个GPU的进程, <code>global_rank=4</code>表示使用第3个节点的第1个GPU的进程。</p>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>加载和分割训练/验证数据:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">data_partition</span><span class="hljs-params">(dataset_x, dataset_y, global_rank, world_size)</span>:</span>
+ data_per_rank = dataset_x.shape[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] // world_size
+ idx_start = global_rank * data_per_rank
+ idx_end = (global_rank + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * data_per_rank
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dataset_x[idx_start:idx_end], dataset_y[idx_start:idx_end]
+
+train_x, train_y, test_x, test_y = load_dataset()
+train_x, train_y = data_partition(train_x, train_y,
+ sgd.global_rank, sgd.world_size)
+test_x, test_y = data_partition(test_x, test_y,
+ sgd.global_rank, sgd.world_size)
+</code></pre>
+<p>这个<code>dev</code>的数据集的一个分区被返回。</p>
+<p>这里,<code>world_size</code>代表你用于分布式训练的所有节点中的进程总数。</p>
+<ol start="4">
+<li>初始化并同步所有worker的模型参数:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment">#Synchronize the initial parameter</span>
+tx = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, IMG_SIZE, IMG_SIZE), dev, tensor.float32)
+ty = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, num_classes), dev, tensor.int32)
+model.compile([tx], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, use_graph=graph, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+...
+<span class="hljs-comment">#Use the same random seed for different ranks</span>
+seed = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
+dev.SetRandSeed(seed)
+np.random.seed(seed)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="5">
+<li>运行BackPropagation和分布式SGD</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> epoch <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(max_epoch):
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_train_batch):
+ x = train_x[idx[b * batch_size: (b + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * batch_size]]
+ y = train_y[idx[b * batch_size: (b + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * batch_size]]
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(x)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(y)
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Train the model</span>
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="执行命令"></a><a href="#执行命令" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>执行命令</h3>
+<p>有两种方式可以启动训练,MPI或Python multiprocessing。</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-multiprocessing"></a><a href="#python-multiprocessing" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python multiprocessing</h4>
+<p>它可以在一个节点上使用多个GPU,其中,每个GPU是一个worker。</p>
+<ol>
+<li>将上述训练用的代码打包进一个函数:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_mnist_cnn</span><span class="hljs-params">(nccl_id=None, local_rank=None, world_size=None)</span>:</span>
+ ...
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>创建<code>mnist_multiprocess.py</code>。</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="hljs-string">'__main__'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Generate a NCCL ID to be used for collective communication</span>
+ nccl_id = singa.NcclIdHolder()
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Define the number of GPUs to be used in the training process</span>
+ world_size = int(sys.argv[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>])
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Define and launch the multi-processing</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> multiprocessing
+ process = []
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> local_rank <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, world_size):
+ process.append(multiprocessing.Process(target=train_mnist_cnn,
+ args=(nccl_id, local_rank, world_size)))
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> process:
+ p.start()
+</code></pre>
+<p>下面是关于上面所创建的变量的一些说明:</p>
+<p>(i) <code>nccl_id</code></p>
+<p>需要注意的是,我们在这里需要生成一个NCCL ID,用于集体通信,然后将其传递给所有进程。NCCL ID就像一个门票,只有拥有这个ID的进程才能加入到all-reduce操作中。(如果我们接下来使用MPI,NCCL ID的传递就没有必要了,因为在我们的代码中,这个ID会由MPI自动广播。)</p>
+<p>(ii) <code>world_size</code></p>
+<p>world_size是您想用于训练的GPU数量。</p>
+<p>(iii) <code>local_rank</code></p>
+<p>local_rank决定分布式训练的本地顺序,以及在训练过程中使用哪个gpu。在上面的代码中,我们使用for循环来运行训练函数,其中参数local_rank从0迭代到world_size。在这种情况下,不同的进程可以使用不同的GPU进行训练。</p>
+<p>创建<code>DistOpt</code>实例的参数应按照如下方式更新:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">sgd = opt.DistOpt(sgd, nccl_id=nccl_id, local_rank=local_rank, world_size=world_size)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>运行<code>mnist_multiprocess.py</code>:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh">python mnist_multiprocess.py 2
+</code></pre>
+<p>与单GPU训练相比,它最主要的意义是速度提升:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">408.909790</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.880475</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.956430</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">1</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">102.396790</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.967415</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.977564</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">2</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">69.217010</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.977915</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.981370</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">3</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">54.248390</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.982823</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.984075</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">4</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">45.213406</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.985560</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.985276</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">5</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">38.868435</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987764</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.986278</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">6</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">34.078186</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.989149</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987881</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">7</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">30.138697</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.990451</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988181</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">8</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">26.854443</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.991520</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988682</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">9</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">24.039650</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.992405</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.989083</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="mpi"></a><a href="#mpi" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>MPI</h4>
+<p>只要有多个GPU,MPI既适用于单节点,也适用于多节点。</p>
+<ol>
+<li>创建<code>mnist_dist.py</code>。</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="hljs-string">'__main__'</span>:
+ train_mnist_cnn()
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>为MPI生成一个hostfile,例如下面的hostfile在一个节点上使用了2个进程(即2个GPU):</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-txt">localhost:<span class="hljs-number">2</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>通过<code>mpiexec</code>启动训练:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh">mpiexec --hostfile host_file python mnist_dist.py
+</code></pre>
+<p>与单GPU训练相比,它同样可以带来速度的提升:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">383.969543</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.886402</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.954327</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">1</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">97.531479</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.969451</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.977163</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">2</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">67.166870</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.978516</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.980769</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">3</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">53.369656</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.983040</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.983974</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">4</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">45.100403</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.985777</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.986078</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">5</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">39.330826</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987447</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987179</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">6</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">34.655270</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988799</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987780</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">7</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">30.749735</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.989984</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988281</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">8</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">27.422146</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.991319</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988582</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">9</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">24.548153</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.992171</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988682</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="针对分布式训练的优化"></a><a href="#针对分布式训练的优化" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>针对分布式训练的优化</h2>
+<p>SINGA为分布式训练提供了多种优化策略,以降低模块间的通信成本。参考<code>DistOpt</code>的API,了解每种策略的配置。</p>
+<p>当我们使用<code>model.Model</code>建立模型时,我们需要在<code>training_one_batch</code>方法中启用分布式训练的选项,请参考本页顶部的示例代码。我们也可以直接复制这些选项的代码,然后在其他模型中使用。</p>
+<p>有了定义的选项,我们可以在使用<code>model(tx, ty, dist_option, spars)</code>开始训练时,设置对应的参数<code>dist_option</code>和<code>spars</code>。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="不采取优化手段"></a><a href="#不采取优化手段" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>不采取优化手段</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>loss</code>是损失函数的输出张量,例如分类任务中的交叉熵。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="半精度梯度(half-precision-gradients)"></a><a href="#半精度梯度(half-precision-gradients)" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>半精度梯度(Half-precision Gradients)</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty, dist_option = <span class="hljs-string">'fp16'</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<p>在调用all-reduce之前,它将每个梯度值转换为16-bit表示(即半精度)。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="部分同步(partial-synchronization)"></a><a href="#部分同步(partial-synchronization)" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>部分同步(Partial Synchronization)</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty, dist_option = <span class="hljs-string">'partialUpdate'</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<p>在每一次迭代中,每个rank都做本地SGD更新。然后,只对一个部分的参数进行平均同步,从而节省了通信成本。分块大小是在创建<code>DistOpt</code>实例时配置的。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="梯度稀疏化(gradient-sparsification)"></a><a href="#梯度稀疏化(gradient-sparsification)" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>梯度稀疏化(Gradient Sparsification)</h3>
+<p>该策略应用稀疏化方案来选择梯度的子集进行all-reduce,有两种方式:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>选择前k大的元素,spars是被选择的元素的一部分(比例在0 - 1之间)。</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty, dist_option = <span class="hljs-string">'sparseTopK'</span>, spars = spars)
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>所有绝对值大于预定义阈值的梯度都会被选中。</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty, dist_option = <span class="hljs-string">'sparseThreshold'</span>, spars = spars)
+</code></pre>
+<p>超参数在创建<code>DistOpt</code>实例时配置。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="实现"></a><a href="#实现" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>实现</h2>
+<p>本节主要是让开发者了解分布训练模块的代码是如何实现的。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="nccl-communicator的c接口"></a><a href="#nccl-communicator的c接口" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>NCCL communicator的C接口</h3>
+<p>首先,通信层是用C语言<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/src/io/communicator.cc">communicator.cc</a>编写的,它调用用NCCL库进行集体通信。</p>
+<p>communicator有两个构造器,一个是MPI的,另一个是Multiprocess的。</p>
+<p>(i) MPI构造器</p>
+<p>构造器首先先获取全局rank和world_size,计算出本地rank,然后由rank 0生成NCCL ID并广播给每个rank。之后,它调用setup函数来初始化NCCL communicator、cuda流和缓冲区。</p>
+<p>(ii) Python multiprocess构造器</p>
+<p>构造器首先从输入参数中获取rank、world_size和NCCL ID。之后,调用setup函数来初始化NCCL communicator、cuda流和缓冲区。</p>
+<p>在初始化之后,它提供了all-reduce功能来同步模型参数或梯度。例如,synch接收一个输入张量,通过NCCL例程进行all-reduce,在我们调用synch之后,需要调用wait函数来等待all-reduce操作的完成。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="distopt的python接口"></a><a href="#distopt的python接口" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>DistOpt的Python接口</h3>
+<p>然后,python接口提供了一个<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/opt.py">DistOpt</a>类来封装一个<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/opt.py">optimizer</a>对象,以执行基于MPI或Multiprocess的分布式训练。在初始化过程中,它创建了一个NCCL communicator对象(来自于上面小节提到的C接口),然后,<code>DistOpt</code>中的每一次all-reduce操作都会用到这个communicator对象。</p>
+<p>在MPI或Multiprocess中,每个进程都有一个独立的rank,它给出了各个进程使用的GPU的信息。训练数据是被拆分的,因此每个进程可以根据一部分训练数据来评估子梯度。一旦每个进程的子梯度被计算出来,就可以将所有进程计算出的子梯度做all-reduce,得到总体随机梯度。</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/onnx"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>ONNX</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/time-profiling"><span>Time Profiling</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#使用">使用</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#代码示例">代码示例</a></li><li><a href="#执行命令">执行命令</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#针对分布式训练的优化">针对分布式训练的优化</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#不采取优化手段">不采取优化手段</a></li><li><a href="#半精度梯度(half-precision-gradients)">半精度梯度(Half-precision Gradients)</a></li><li><a href="#部分同步(partial-synchronization)">部分同步(Partial Synchronization)</a></li><li><a href="#梯度稀疏化(gradient-sparsification)">梯度稀疏化(Gradient Sparsification)</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#nccl-communicator的c接口">NCCL communicator的C接口</a></li><li><a href="#distopt的python接口">DistOpt的Python接口</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/dist-train.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Distributed Training</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA支持跨多个GPU的数据并行训练(在单个节点上或跨不同节点)。下图说明了数据并行训练的情况:</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/MPI.png" alt="MPI.png"></p>
+<p>在分布式训练中,每个进程(称为worker)在单个GPU上运行一个训练脚本,每个进程都有一个单独的通信等级,训练数据被分发给各个worker,模型在每个worker上被复制。在每次迭代中,worker从其分区中读取数据的一个mini-batch(例如,256张图像),并运行BackPropagation算法来计算权重的梯度,通过all-reduce(由<a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/nccl">NCCL</a>提供)进行平均,按照随机梯度下降算法(SGD)进行权重更新。</p>
+<p>NCCL的all-reduce操作可以用来减少和同步不同GPU的梯度。假设我们使用4个GPU进行训练,如下图所示。一旦计算出4个GPU的梯度,all-reduce将返回GPU的梯度之和,并使其在每个GPU上可用,然后就可以轻松计算出平均梯度。</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/AllReduce.png" alt="AllReduce.png"></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="使用"></a><a href="#使用" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>使用</h2>
+<p>SINGA提供了一个名为<code>DistOpt</code>(<code>Opt</code>的一个子类)的模块,用于分布式训练。它封装了一个普通的SGD优化器,并调用<code>Communicator</code>进行梯度同步。下面的例子说明了如何使用<code>DistOpt</code>在MNIST数据集上训练一个CNN模型。源代码在<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/">这里</a>,或者可以使用<a href="">Colab notebook</a>。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="代码示例"></a><a href="#代码示例" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>代码示例</h3>
+<ol>
+<li>定义神经网络模型:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">CNN</span><span class="hljs-params">(model.Model)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, num_channels=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)</span>:</span>
+ super(CNN, self).__init__()
+ self.conv1 = layer.Conv2d(num_channels, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, activation=<span class="hljs-string">"RELU"</span>)
+ self.conv2 = layer.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">50</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, activation=<span class="hljs-string">"RELU"</span>)
+ self.linear1 = layer.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">500</span>)
+ self.linear2 = layer.Linear(num_classes)
+ self.pooling1 = layer.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.pooling2 = layer.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.relu = layer.ReLU()
+ self.flatten = layer.Flatten()
+ self.softmax_cross_entropy = layer.SoftMaxCrossEntropy()
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x)</span>:</span>
+ y = self.conv1(x)
+ y = self.pooling1(y)
+ y = self.conv2(y)
+ y = self.pooling2(y)
+ y = self.flatten(y)
+ y = self.linear1(y)
+ y = self.relu(y)
+ y = self.linear2(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, y, dist_option=<span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>, spars=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)</span>:</span>
+ out = self.forward(x)
+ loss = self.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Allow different options for distributed training</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># See the section "Optimizations for Distributed Training"</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>:
+ self.optimizer(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp16'</span>:
+ self.optimizer.backward_and_update_half(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'partialUpdate'</span>:
+ self.optimizer.backward_and_partial_update(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseTopK'</span>:
+ self.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>,
+ spars=spars)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseThreshold'</span>:
+ self.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>,
+ spars=spars)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># create model</span>
+model = CNN()
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>创建<code>DistOpt</code>实例并将其应用到创建的模型上:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>)
+sgd = opt.DistOpt(sgd)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu_on(sgd.local_rank)
+</code></pre>
+<p>下面是关于代码中一些变量的解释:</p>
+<p>(i) <code>dev</code></p>
+<p>dev代表<code>Device</code>实例,在设备中加载数据并运行CNN模型。</p>
+<p>(ii)<code>local_rank</code></p>
+<p>Local rank表示当前进程在同一节点中使用的GPU数量。例如,如果你使用的节点有2个GPU,<code>local_rank=0</code>表示这个进程使用的是第一个GPU,而<code>local_rank=1</code>表示使用的是第二个GPU。使用MPI或多进程,你能够运行相同的训练脚本,唯一的区别<code>local_rank</code>的值不同。</p>
+<p>(iii)<code>global_rank</code></p>
+<p>global中的rank代表了你使用的所有节点中所有进程的全局排名。让我们考虑这样的情况:你有3个节点,每个节点有两个GPU, <code>global_rank=0</code>表示使用第1个节点的第1个GPU的进程, <code>global_rank=2</code>表示使用第2个节点的第1个GPU的进程, <code>global_rank=4</code>表示使用第3个节点的第1个GPU的进程。</p>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>加载和分割训练/验证数据:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">data_partition</span><span class="hljs-params">(dataset_x, dataset_y, global_rank, world_size)</span>:</span>
+ data_per_rank = dataset_x.shape[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] // world_size
+ idx_start = global_rank * data_per_rank
+ idx_end = (global_rank + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * data_per_rank
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dataset_x[idx_start:idx_end], dataset_y[idx_start:idx_end]
+
+train_x, train_y, test_x, test_y = load_dataset()
+train_x, train_y = data_partition(train_x, train_y,
+ sgd.global_rank, sgd.world_size)
+test_x, test_y = data_partition(test_x, test_y,
+ sgd.global_rank, sgd.world_size)
+</code></pre>
+<p>这个<code>dev</code>的数据集的一个分区被返回。</p>
+<p>这里,<code>world_size</code>代表你用于分布式训练的所有节点中的进程总数。</p>
+<ol start="4">
+<li>初始化并同步所有worker的模型参数:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment">#Synchronize the initial parameter</span>
+tx = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, IMG_SIZE, IMG_SIZE), dev, tensor.float32)
+ty = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, num_classes), dev, tensor.int32)
+model.compile([tx], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, use_graph=graph, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+...
+<span class="hljs-comment">#Use the same random seed for different ranks</span>
+seed = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
+dev.SetRandSeed(seed)
+np.random.seed(seed)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="5">
+<li>运行BackPropagation和分布式SGD</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> epoch <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(max_epoch):
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_train_batch):
+ x = train_x[idx[b * batch_size: (b + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * batch_size]]
+ y = train_y[idx[b * batch_size: (b + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * batch_size]]
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(x)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(y)
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Train the model</span>
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="执行命令"></a><a href="#执行命令" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>执行命令</h3>
+<p>有两种方式可以启动训练,MPI或Python multiprocessing。</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-multiprocessing"></a><a href="#python-multiprocessing" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python multiprocessing</h4>
+<p>它可以在一个节点上使用多个GPU,其中,每个GPU是一个worker。</p>
+<ol>
+<li>将上述训练用的代码打包进一个函数:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_mnist_cnn</span><span class="hljs-params">(nccl_id=None, local_rank=None, world_size=None)</span>:</span>
+ ...
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>创建<code>mnist_multiprocess.py</code>。</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="hljs-string">'__main__'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Generate a NCCL ID to be used for collective communication</span>
+ nccl_id = singa.NcclIdHolder()
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Define the number of GPUs to be used in the training process</span>
+ world_size = int(sys.argv[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>])
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Define and launch the multi-processing</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> multiprocessing
+ process = []
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> local_rank <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, world_size):
+ process.append(multiprocessing.Process(target=train_mnist_cnn,
+ args=(nccl_id, local_rank, world_size)))
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> process:
+ p.start()
+</code></pre>
+<p>下面是关于上面所创建的变量的一些说明:</p>
+<p>(i) <code>nccl_id</code></p>
+<p>需要注意的是,我们在这里需要生成一个NCCL ID,用于集体通信,然后将其传递给所有进程。NCCL ID就像一个门票,只有拥有这个ID的进程才能加入到all-reduce操作中。(如果我们接下来使用MPI,NCCL ID的传递就没有必要了,因为在我们的代码中,这个ID会由MPI自动广播。)</p>
+<p>(ii) <code>world_size</code></p>
+<p>world_size是您想用于训练的GPU数量。</p>
+<p>(iii) <code>local_rank</code></p>
+<p>local_rank决定分布式训练的本地顺序,以及在训练过程中使用哪个gpu。在上面的代码中,我们使用for循环来运行训练函数,其中参数local_rank从0迭代到world_size。在这种情况下,不同的进程可以使用不同的GPU进行训练。</p>
+<p>创建<code>DistOpt</code>实例的参数应按照如下方式更新:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">sgd = opt.DistOpt(sgd, nccl_id=nccl_id, local_rank=local_rank, world_size=world_size)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>运行<code>mnist_multiprocess.py</code>:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh">python mnist_multiprocess.py 2
+</code></pre>
+<p>与单GPU训练相比,它最主要的意义是速度提升:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">408.909790</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.880475</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.956430</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">1</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">102.396790</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.967415</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.977564</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">2</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">69.217010</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.977915</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.981370</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">3</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">54.248390</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.982823</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.984075</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">4</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">45.213406</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.985560</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.985276</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">5</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">38.868435</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987764</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.986278</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">6</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">34.078186</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.989149</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987881</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">7</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">30.138697</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.990451</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988181</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">8</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">26.854443</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.991520</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988682</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">9</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">24.039650</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.992405</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.989083</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="mpi"></a><a href="#mpi" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>MPI</h4>
+<p>只要有多个GPU,MPI既适用于单节点,也适用于多节点。</p>
+<ol>
+<li>创建<code>mnist_dist.py</code>。</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="hljs-string">'__main__'</span>:
+ train_mnist_cnn()
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>为MPI生成一个hostfile,例如下面的hostfile在一个节点上使用了2个进程(即2个GPU):</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-txt">localhost:<span class="hljs-number">2</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>通过<code>mpiexec</code>启动训练:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh">mpiexec --hostfile host_file python mnist_dist.py
+</code></pre>
+<p>与单GPU训练相比,它同样可以带来速度的提升:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">383.969543</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.886402</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.954327</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">1</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">97.531479</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.969451</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.977163</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">2</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">67.166870</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.978516</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.980769</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">3</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">53.369656</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.983040</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.983974</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">4</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">45.100403</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.985777</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.986078</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">5</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">39.330826</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987447</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987179</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">6</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">34.655270</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988799</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987780</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">7</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">30.749735</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.989984</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988281</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">8</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">27.422146</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.991319</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988582</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">9</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">24.548153</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.992171</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988682</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="针对分布式训练的优化"></a><a href="#针对分布式训练的优化" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>针对分布式训练的优化</h2>
+<p>SINGA为分布式训练提供了多种优化策略,以降低模块间的通信成本。参考<code>DistOpt</code>的API,了解每种策略的配置。</p>
+<p>当我们使用<code>model.Model</code>建立模型时,我们需要在<code>training_one_batch</code>方法中启用分布式训练的选项,请参考本页顶部的示例代码。我们也可以直接复制这些选项的代码,然后在其他模型中使用。</p>
+<p>有了定义的选项,我们可以在使用<code>model(tx, ty, dist_option, spars)</code>开始训练时,设置对应的参数<code>dist_option</code>和<code>spars</code>。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="不采取优化手段"></a><a href="#不采取优化手段" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>不采取优化手段</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>loss</code>是损失函数的输出张量,例如分类任务中的交叉熵。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="半精度梯度(half-precision-gradients)"></a><a href="#半精度梯度(half-precision-gradients)" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>半精度梯度(Half-precision Gradients)</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty, dist_option = <span class="hljs-string">'fp16'</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<p>在调用all-reduce之前,它将每个梯度值转换为16-bit表示(即半精度)。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="部分同步(partial-synchronization)"></a><a href="#部分同步(partial-synchronization)" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>部分同步(Partial Synchronization)</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty, dist_option = <span class="hljs-string">'partialUpdate'</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<p>在每一次迭代中,每个rank都做本地SGD更新。然后,只对一个部分的参数进行平均同步,从而节省了通信成本。分块大小是在创建<code>DistOpt</code>实例时配置的。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="梯度稀疏化(gradient-sparsification)"></a><a href="#梯度稀疏化(gradient-sparsification)" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>梯度稀疏化(Gradient Sparsification)</h3>
+<p>该策略应用稀疏化方案来选择梯度的子集进行all-reduce,有两种方式:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>选择前k大的元素,spars是被选择的元素的一部分(比例在0 - 1之间)。</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty, dist_option = <span class="hljs-string">'sparseTopK'</span>, spars = spars)
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>所有绝对值大于预定义阈值的梯度都会被选中。</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty, dist_option = <span class="hljs-string">'sparseThreshold'</span>, spars = spars)
+</code></pre>
+<p>超参数在创建<code>DistOpt</code>实例时配置。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="实现"></a><a href="#实现" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>实现</h2>
+<p>本节主要是让开发者了解分布训练模块的代码是如何实现的。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="nccl-communicator的c接口"></a><a href="#nccl-communicator的c接口" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>NCCL communicator的C接口</h3>
+<p>首先,通信层是用C语言<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/src/io/communicator.cc">communicator.cc</a>编写的,它调用用NCCL库进行集体通信。</p>
+<p>communicator有两个构造器,一个是MPI的,另一个是Multiprocess的。</p>
+<p>(i) MPI构造器</p>
+<p>构造器首先先获取全局rank和world_size,计算出本地rank,然后由rank 0生成NCCL ID并广播给每个rank。之后,它调用setup函数来初始化NCCL communicator、cuda流和缓冲区。</p>
+<p>(ii) Python multiprocess构造器</p>
+<p>构造器首先从输入参数中获取rank、world_size和NCCL ID。之后,调用setup函数来初始化NCCL communicator、cuda流和缓冲区。</p>
+<p>在初始化之后,它提供了all-reduce功能来同步模型参数或梯度。例如,synch接收一个输入张量,通过NCCL例程进行all-reduce,在我们调用synch之后,需要调用wait函数来等待all-reduce操作的完成。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="distopt的python接口"></a><a href="#distopt的python接口" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>DistOpt的Python接口</h3>
+<p>然后,python接口提供了一个<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/opt.py">DistOpt</a>类来封装一个<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/opt.py">optimizer</a>对象,以执行基于MPI或Multiprocess的分布式训练。在初始化过程中,它创建了一个NCCL communicator对象(来自于上面小节提到的C接口),然后,<code>DistOpt</code>中的每一次all-reduce操作都会用到这个communicator对象。</p>
+<p>在MPI或Multiprocess中,每个进程都有一个独立的rank,它给出了各个进程使用的GPU的信息。训练数据是被拆分的,因此每个进程可以根据一部分训练数据来评估子梯度。一旦每个进程的子梯度被计算出来,就可以将所有进程计算出的子梯度做all-reduce,得到总体随机梯度。</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/onnx"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>ONNX</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/time-profiling"><span>Time Profiling</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#使用">使用</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#代码示例">代码示例</a></li><li><a href="#执行命令">执行命令</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#针对分布式训练的优化">针对分布式训练的优化</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#不采取优化手段">不采取优化手段</a></li><li><a href="#半精度梯度(half-precision-gradients)">半精度梯度(Half-precision Gradients)</a></li><li><a href="#部分同步(partial-synchronization)">部分同步(Partial Synchronization)</a></li><li><a href="#梯度稀疏化(gradient-sparsification)">梯度稀疏化(Gradient Sparsification)</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#nccl-communicator的c接口">NCCL communicator的C接口</a></li><li><a href="#distopt的python接口">DistOpt的Python接口</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
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diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/downloads.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/downloads.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Download SINGA · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Chinese"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Download SINGA · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Chinese</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Development</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Getting Started</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/installation">Installation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/software-stack">Software Stack</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/examples">Examples</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Guides</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/device">Device</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/tensor">Tensor</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/autograd">Autograd</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/optimizer">Optimizer</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/graph">Model</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/onnx">ONNX</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/dist-train">Distributed Training</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/time-profiling">Time Profiling</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/half-precision">Half Precision</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Development</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/downloads">Download SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/build">Build SINGA from Source</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/contribute-code">How to Contribute Code</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/contribute-docs">How to Contribute to Documentation</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/how-to-release">How to Prepare a Release</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/git-workflow">Git Workflow</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="verify"></a><a href="#verify" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Verify</h2>
+<p>要验证下载的tar.gz文件,下载<a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/KEYS">KEYS</a>和ASC文件,然后执行以下命令:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">%</span><span class="bash"> gpg --import KEYS</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">%</span><span class="bash"> gpg --verify downloaded_file.asc downloaded_file</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>你也可以检查SHA512或MD5值判断下载是否完成。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="v300-18-april-2020"></a><a href="#v300-18-april-2020" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>V3.0.0 (18 April 2020):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/singa/3.0.0/apache-singa-3.0.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 3.0.0</a>
+<a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/3.0.0/apache-singa-3.0.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/3.0.0/apache-singa-3.0.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0">Release Notes 3.0.0</a></li>
+<li>新特性及重要更新:
+<ul>
+<li>增强了ONNX。在SINGA中测试了多种ONNX模型。</li>
+<li>使用 MPI 和 NCCL Communication进行分布式训练,通过梯度稀疏化和压缩以及分块传输进行了优化。</li>
+<li>计算图的构建,利用图优化了速度和内存。</li>
+<li>新的文档网站(singa.apache.org)和API参考网站(apache-singa.rtfd.io)。</li>
+<li>使用CI实现代码质量检查。</li>
+<li>将MKLDNN替换为DNNL。</li>
+<li>更新Tensor API以支持广播操作。</li>
+<li>实现了支持ONNX模型的新的autograd操作符。</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="孵化版本(incubating)-v200-20-april-2019"></a><a href="#孵化版本(incubating)-v200-20-april-2019" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>孵化版本(incubating) v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/incubator/singa/2.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-2.0.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 2.0.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/2.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-2.0.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/2.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-2.0.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html">Release Notes 2.0.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>新特性及重要更新:
+<ul>
+<li>增强了autograd功能(适用于卷积网络和循环网络)。</li>
+<li>支持ONNX。</li>
+<li>通过英特尔MKL DNN lib改进CPP操作。</li>
+<li>实现tensor广播。</li>
+<li>在Apache用户名下移动Docker镜像。</li>
+<li>更新conda-build配置中依赖的lib版本。</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="孵化版本(incubating)-v120-6-june-2018"></a><a href="#孵化版本(incubating)-v120-6-june-2018" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>孵化版本(incubating) v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.2.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 1.2.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.2.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.2.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html">Release Notes 1.2.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>新特性及重要更新:
+<ul>
+<li>实现了autograd(目前支持MLP模式)。</li>
+<li>升级PySinga以支持Python 3</li>
+<li>改进Tensor类的stride范围。</li>
+<li>将cuDNN从V5升级到V7。</li>
+<li>增加VGG、Inception V4、ResNet和DenseNet进行ImageNet分类。</li>
+<li>为conda包创建别名</li>
+<li>完整的中文文档</li>
+<li>添加在Windows上运行Singa的说明</li>
+<li>更新编译,CI</li>
+<li>修复一些错误</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="孵化版本(incubating)-v110-12-february-2017"></a><a href="#孵化版本(incubating)-v110-12-february-2017" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>孵化版本(incubating) v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.1.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.1.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 1.1.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.1.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.1.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.1.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.1.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html">Release Notes 1.1.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>新特性和重要更新:
+<ul>
+<li>创建Docker镜像(CPU和GPU版本)</li>
+<li>为SINGA创建Amazon AMI(CPU版)。</li>
+<li>集成Jenkins,自动生成Wheel和Debian包(用于安装),并更新网站。</li>
+<li>增强FeedFowardNet,例如,多输入和用于调试的verbose模式。</li>
+<li>添加Concat和Slice层。</li>
+<li>优化CrossEntropyLoss以接受带有多个标签的实例。</li>
+<li>添加包含图像增强方法的image_tool.py。</li>
+<li>支持通过快照API加载和保存模型。</li>
+<li>在Windows上编译SINGA源代码。</li>
+<li>将必要依赖库与SINGA代码一起编译。</li>
+<li>为SINGA启用Java binding(基本)。</li>
+<li>在checkpoint文件中添加版本ID。</li>
+<li>增加Rafiki工具包以提供RESTFul APIs。</li>
+<li>添加了从Caffe预训练的例子,包括GoogleNet。</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="孵化版本(incubating)-v100-8-september-2016"></a><a href="#孵化版本(incubating)-v100-8-september-2016" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>孵化版本(incubating) v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.0.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 1.0.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.0.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.0.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html">Release Notes 1.0.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>新特性和重要更新:
+<ul>
+<li>创建Tensor概念,用于支持更多的机器学习模型。</li>
+<li>创建Device概念,用于运行在不同的硬件设备上,包括CPU,(Nvidia/AMD) GPU 和 FPGA (将在以后的版本中测试)。</li>
+<li>用 cmake 取代 GNU autotool 进行编译。</li>
+<li>支持 Mac OS。</li>
+<li>改进Python binding,包括安装和编程。</li>
+<li>更多的深度学习模型,包括VGG和ResNet。</li>
+<li>更多的IO类用于读取/写入文件和编码/解码数据。</li>
+<li>直接基于Socket的新网络通信组件。</li>
+<li>Cudnn V5,包含Dropout和RNN层。</li>
+<li>将网页构建工具从maven更换为Sphinx。</li>
+<li>整合Travis-CI。</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="孵化版本(incubating)-v030-20-april-2016"></a><a href="#孵化版本(incubating)-v030-20-april-2016" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>孵化版本(incubating) v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.3.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.3.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 0.3.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.3.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.3.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.3.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.3.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html">Release Notes 0.3.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>新特性和重要更新:
+<ul>
+<li>在GPU集群上进行训练,可以在GPU集群上进行深度学习模型的训练。</li>
+<li>改进Python wrapper简化配置工作,包括神经网络和SGD算法。</li>
+<li>新增SGD更新器,包括Adam、AdaDelta和AdaMax。</li>
+<li>安装时减少了单节点训练的依赖库。</li>
+<li>使用CPU和GPU进行异构训练。</li>
+<li>支持 cuDNN V4。</li>
+<li>数据预取。</li>
+<li>修复一些bug。</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="孵化版本(incubating)-v020-14-january-2016"></a><a href="#孵化版本(incubating)-v020-14-january-2016" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>孵化版本(incubating) v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.2.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 0.2.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.2.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.2.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html">Release Notes 0.2.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>新特性和重要更新:
+<ul>
+<li>在GPU上进行训练,可以在一个节点上用多个GPU卡训练复杂的模型。</li>
+<li>混合神经网分区支持数据和模型同时并行。</li>
+<li>Python wrapper简化配置,包括神经网络和SGD算法。</li>
+<li>实现了RNN模型和BPTT算法,支持基于RNN模型的应用,如GRU。</li>
+<li>云软件集成,包括Mesos、Docker和HDFS。</li>
+<li>可视化神经网结构和层信息,以便优化调试。</li>
+<li>针对Blobs和原始数据指针的线性代数函数和随机函数。</li>
+<li>添加新的层,包括SoftmaxLayer、ArgSortLayer、DummyLayer、RNN层和cuDNN层。</li>
+<li>更新Layer类以携带多个数据/梯度Blobs。</li>
+<li>通过加载之前训练的模型参数,提取特征并测试新数据的性能。</li>
+<li>为IO操作添加Store类。</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v010-8-october-2015"></a><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/apache-singa-incubating-0.1.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 0.1.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/apache-singa-incubating-0.1.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/apache-singa-incubating-0.1.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/v2/home?region=ap-southeast-1#LaunchInstanceWizard:ami=ami-b41001e6">Amazon EC2 image</a></li>
+<li><a href="releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html">Release Notes 0.1.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>新特性和重要更新:
+<ul>
+<li>允许使用GNU构建工具进行安装。</li>
+<li>实现用zookeeper进行工作管理的脚本。</li>
+<li>实现基于NeuralNet和Layer的编程模型。</li>
+<li>实现基于Worker、Server和Stub的系统架构。</li>
+<li>训练模型来自三种不同的模型类别,即前馈模型、能量模型和RNN模型。</li>
+<li>使用CPU的同步和异步分布式训练框架。</li>
+<li>checkpoint文件生成和恢复。</li>
+<li>使用gtest进行单元测试。</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/half-precision"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Half Precision</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/build"><span>Build SINGA from Source</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#verify">Verify</a></li><li><a href="#v300-18-april-2020">V3.0.0 (18 April 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#孵化版本(incubating)-v200-20-april-2019">孵化版本(incubating) v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</a></li><li><a href="#孵化版本(incubating)-v120-6-june-2018">孵化版本(incubating) v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</a></li><li><a href="#孵化版本(incubating)-v110-12-february-2017">孵化版本(incubating) v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</a></li><li><a href="#孵化版本(incubating)-v100-8-september-2016">孵化版本(incubating) v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#孵化版本(incubating)-v030-20-april-2016">孵化版本(incubating) v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#孵化版本(incubating)-v020-14-january-2016">孵化版本(incubating) v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+ }
+ });
+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/download.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Download SINGA</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="verify"></a><a href="#verify" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Verify</h2>
+<p>要验证下载的tar.gz文件,下载<a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/KEYS">KEYS</a>和ASC文件,然后执行以下命令:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">%</span><span class="bash"> gpg --import KEYS</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">%</span><span class="bash"> gpg --verify downloaded_file.asc downloaded_file</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>你也可以检查SHA512或MD5值判断下载是否完成。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="v300-18-april-2020"></a><a href="#v300-18-april-2020" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>V3.0.0 (18 April 2020):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/singa/3.0.0/apache-singa-3.0.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 3.0.0</a>
+<a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/3.0.0/apache-singa-3.0.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/3.0.0/apache-singa-3.0.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0">Release Notes 3.0.0</a></li>
+<li>新特性及重要更新:
+<ul>
+<li>增强了ONNX。在SINGA中测试了多种ONNX模型。</li>
+<li>使用 MPI 和 NCCL Communication进行分布式训练,通过梯度稀疏化和压缩以及分块传输进行了优化。</li>
+<li>计算图的构建,利用图优化了速度和内存。</li>
+<li>新的文档网站(singa.apache.org)和API参考网站(apache-singa.rtfd.io)。</li>
+<li>使用CI实现代码质量检查。</li>
+<li>将MKLDNN替换为DNNL。</li>
+<li>更新Tensor API以支持广播操作。</li>
+<li>实现了支持ONNX模型的新的autograd操作符。</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="孵化版本(incubating)-v200-20-april-2019"></a><a href="#孵化版本(incubating)-v200-20-april-2019" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>孵化版本(incubating) v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/incubator/singa/2.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-2.0.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 2.0.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/2.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-2.0.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/2.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-2.0.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html">Release Notes 2.0.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>新特性及重要更新:
+<ul>
+<li>增强了autograd功能(适用于卷积网络和循环网络)。</li>
+<li>支持ONNX。</li>
+<li>通过英特尔MKL DNN lib改进CPP操作。</li>
+<li>实现tensor广播。</li>
+<li>在Apache用户名下移动Docker镜像。</li>
+<li>更新conda-build配置中依赖的lib版本。</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="孵化版本(incubating)-v120-6-june-2018"></a><a href="#孵化版本(incubating)-v120-6-june-2018" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>孵化版本(incubating) v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.2.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 1.2.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.2.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.2.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html">Release Notes 1.2.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>新特性及重要更新:
+<ul>
+<li>实现了autograd(目前支持MLP模式)。</li>
+<li>升级PySinga以支持Python 3</li>
+<li>改进Tensor类的stride范围。</li>
+<li>将cuDNN从V5升级到V7。</li>
+<li>增加VGG、Inception V4、ResNet和DenseNet进行ImageNet分类。</li>
+<li>为conda包创建别名</li>
+<li>完整的中文文档</li>
+<li>添加在Windows上运行Singa的说明</li>
+<li>更新编译,CI</li>
+<li>修复一些错误</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="孵化版本(incubating)-v110-12-february-2017"></a><a href="#孵化版本(incubating)-v110-12-february-2017" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>孵化版本(incubating) v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.1.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.1.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 1.1.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.1.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.1.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.1.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.1.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html">Release Notes 1.1.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>新特性和重要更新:
+<ul>
+<li>创建Docker镜像(CPU和GPU版本)</li>
+<li>为SINGA创建Amazon AMI(CPU版)。</li>
+<li>集成Jenkins,自动生成Wheel和Debian包(用于安装),并更新网站。</li>
+<li>增强FeedFowardNet,例如,多输入和用于调试的verbose模式。</li>
+<li>添加Concat和Slice层。</li>
+<li>优化CrossEntropyLoss以接受带有多个标签的实例。</li>
+<li>添加包含图像增强方法的image_tool.py。</li>
+<li>支持通过快照API加载和保存模型。</li>
+<li>在Windows上编译SINGA源代码。</li>
+<li>将必要依赖库与SINGA代码一起编译。</li>
+<li>为SINGA启用Java binding(基本)。</li>
+<li>在checkpoint文件中添加版本ID。</li>
+<li>增加Rafiki工具包以提供RESTFul APIs。</li>
+<li>添加了从Caffe预训练的例子,包括GoogleNet。</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="孵化版本(incubating)-v100-8-september-2016"></a><a href="#孵化版本(incubating)-v100-8-september-2016" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>孵化版本(incubating) v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.0.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 1.0.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.0.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.0.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html">Release Notes 1.0.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>新特性和重要更新:
+<ul>
+<li>创建Tensor概念,用于支持更多的机器学习模型。</li>
+<li>创建Device概念,用于运行在不同的硬件设备上,包括CPU,(Nvidia/AMD) GPU 和 FPGA (将在以后的版本中测试)。</li>
+<li>用 cmake 取代 GNU autotool 进行编译。</li>
+<li>支持 Mac OS。</li>
+<li>改进Python binding,包括安装和编程。</li>
+<li>更多的深度学习模型,包括VGG和ResNet。</li>
+<li>更多的IO类用于读取/写入文件和编码/解码数据。</li>
+<li>直接基于Socket的新网络通信组件。</li>
+<li>Cudnn V5,包含Dropout和RNN层。</li>
+<li>将网页构建工具从maven更换为Sphinx。</li>
+<li>整合Travis-CI。</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="孵化版本(incubating)-v030-20-april-2016"></a><a href="#孵化版本(incubating)-v030-20-april-2016" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>孵化版本(incubating) v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.3.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.3.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 0.3.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.3.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.3.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.3.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.3.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html">Release Notes 0.3.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>新特性和重要更新:
+<ul>
+<li>在GPU集群上进行训练,可以在GPU集群上进行深度学习模型的训练。</li>
+<li>改进Python wrapper简化配置工作,包括神经网络和SGD算法。</li>
+<li>新增SGD更新器,包括Adam、AdaDelta和AdaMax。</li>
+<li>安装时减少了单节点训练的依赖库。</li>
+<li>使用CPU和GPU进行异构训练。</li>
+<li>支持 cuDNN V4。</li>
+<li>数据预取。</li>
+<li>修复一些bug。</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="孵化版本(incubating)-v020-14-january-2016"></a><a href="#孵化版本(incubating)-v020-14-january-2016" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>孵化版本(incubating) v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.2.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 0.2.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.2.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.2.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html">Release Notes 0.2.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>新特性和重要更新:
+<ul>
+<li>在GPU上进行训练,可以在一个节点上用多个GPU卡训练复杂的模型。</li>
+<li>混合神经网分区支持数据和模型同时并行。</li>
+<li>Python wrapper简化配置,包括神经网络和SGD算法。</li>
+<li>实现了RNN模型和BPTT算法,支持基于RNN模型的应用,如GRU。</li>
+<li>云软件集成,包括Mesos、Docker和HDFS。</li>
+<li>可视化神经网结构和层信息,以便优化调试。</li>
+<li>针对Blobs和原始数据指针的线性代数函数和随机函数。</li>
+<li>添加新的层,包括SoftmaxLayer、ArgSortLayer、DummyLayer、RNN层和cuDNN层。</li>
+<li>更新Layer类以携带多个数据/梯度Blobs。</li>
+<li>通过加载之前训练的模型参数,提取特征并测试新数据的性能。</li>
+<li>为IO操作添加Store类。</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v010-8-october-2015"></a><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/apache-singa-incubating-0.1.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 0.1.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/apache-singa-incubating-0.1.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/apache-singa-incubating-0.1.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/v2/home?region=ap-southeast-1#LaunchInstanceWizard:ami=ami-b41001e6">Amazon EC2 image</a></li>
+<li><a href="releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html">Release Notes 0.1.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>新特性和重要更新:
+<ul>
+<li>允许使用GNU构建工具进行安装。</li>
+<li>实现用zookeeper进行工作管理的脚本。</li>
+<li>实现基于NeuralNet和Layer的编程模型。</li>
+<li>实现基于Worker、Server和Stub的系统架构。</li>
+<li>训练模型来自三种不同的模型类别,即前馈模型、能量模型和RNN模型。</li>
+<li>使用CPU的同步和异步分布式训练框架。</li>
+<li>checkpoint文件生成和恢复。</li>
+<li>使用gtest进行单元测试。</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/half-precision"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Half Precision</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/build"><span>Build SINGA from Source</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#verify">Verify</a></li><li><a href="#v300-18-april-2020">V3.0.0 (18 April 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#孵化版本(incubating)-v200-20-april-2019">孵化版本(incubating) v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</a></li><li><a href="#孵化版本(incubating)-v120-6-june-2018">孵化版本(incubating) v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</a></li><li><a href="#孵化版本(incubating)-v110-12-february-2017">孵化版本(incubating) v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</a></li><li><a href="#孵化版本(incubating)-v100-8-september-2016">孵化版本(incubating) v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#孵化版本(incubating)-v030-20-april-2016">孵化版本(incubating) v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#孵化版本(incubating)-v020-14-january-2016">孵化版本(incubating) v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>本页列出了一些使用SINGA的深度学习任务示例。源代码维护在 <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/tree/master/examples">Github</a> 上的 SINGA repo 内。对于使用SINGA Python API在CPU或单GPU上运行的例子,它们也可以在<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/">Google Colab</a>上获得。你可以直接在谷歌云上运行它们,而无需在本地设置环境。下面给出了每个例子的链接。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="图像分类"></a><a href="#图像分类" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>图像分类</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>网络模型</th><th>数据集</th><th>链接</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Simple CNN</td><td>MNIST, CIFAR10, CIFAR100</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1fbGUs1AsoX6bU5F745RwQpohP4bHTktq">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>AlexNet</td><td>ImageNet</td><td><a href="">Cpp</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>VGG</td><td>ImageNet</td><td><a href="">Cpp</a>, <a href="">Python</a>, <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/14kxgRKtbjPCKKsDJVNi3AvTev81Gp_Ds">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>XceptionNet</td><td>MNIST, CIFAR10, CIFAR100</td><td><a href="">Python</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>ResNet</td><td>MNIST, CIFAR10, CIFAR100, CIFAR10</td><td><a href="">Python</a>, <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1u1RYefSsVbiP4I-5wiBKHjsT9L0FxLm9">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>MobileNet</td><td>ImageNet</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1HsixqJMIpKyEPhkbB8jy7NwNEFEAUWAf">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="目标检测"></a><a href="#目标检测" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>目标检测</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>网络模型</th><th>数据集</th><th>链接</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Tiny YOLOv2</td><td>Pascal VOC</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/11V4I6cRjIJNUv5ZGsEGwqHuoQEie6b1T">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="面部及表情识别"></a><a href="#面部及表情识别" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>面部及表情识别</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>模型</th><th>数据集</th><th>链接</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>ArcFace</td><td>Refined MS-Celeb-1M</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1qanaqUKGIDtifdzEzJOHjEj4kYzA9uJC">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Emotion FerPlus</td><td><a href="https://www.kaggle.com/c/challenges-in-representation-learning-facial-expression-recognition-challenge/data">Facial Expression Recognition Challenge</a></td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1XHtBQGRhe58PDi4LGYJzYueWBeWbO23r">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="图像生成"></a><a href="#图像生成" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>图像生成</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>模型</th><th>数据集</th><th>链接</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>GAN</td><td>MNIST</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1f86MNDW47DJqHoIqWD1tOxcyx2MWys8L">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>LSGAN</td><td>MNIST</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1C6jNRf28vnFOI9JVM4lpkJPqxsnhxdol">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="机器理解"></a><a href="#机器理解" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>机器理解</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>模型</th><th>数据集</th><th>链接</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Bert-Squad</td><td><a href="https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/explore/1.1/dev/">SQuAD v1.1</a></td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1kud-lUPjS_u-TkDAzihBTw0Vqr0FjCE-">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="文字识别"></a><a href="#文字识别" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>文字识别</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>模型</th><th>数据集</th><th>链接</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Simple LSTM</td><td>IMDB</td><td><a href="">python</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="文本排序"></a><a href="#文本排序" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>文本排序</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>模型</th><th>数据集</th><th>链接</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>BiLSTM</td><td>InsuranceQA</td><td><a href="">python</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="其他"></a><a href="#其他" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>其他</h2>
+<ul>
+<li>MNIST数据集的有限玻尔兹曼机, <a href="">source</a>,
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19996noGu9JyHHkVmp4edBGu7PJSRQKsd">Colab</a>.</li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#图像分类">图像分类</a></li><li><a href="#目标检测">目标检测</a></li><li><a href="#面部及表情识别">面部及表情识别</a></li><li><a href="#图像生成">图像生成</a></li><li><a href="#机器理解">机器理解</a></li><li><a href="#文字识别">文字识别</a></li><li><a href="#文本排序">文本排序</a></li><li><a href="#其他">其他</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Examples · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Chinese"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Examples · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<p>本页列出了一些使用SINGA的深度学习任务示例。源代码维护在 <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/tree/master/examples">Github</a> 上的 SINGA repo 内。对于使用SINGA Python API在CPU或单GPU上运行的例子,它们也可以在<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/">Google Colab</a>上获得。你可以直接在谷歌云上运行它们,而无需在本地设置环境。下面给出了每个例子的链接。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="图像分类"></a><a href="#图像分类" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>图像分类</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>网络模型</th><th>数据集</th><th>链接</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Simple CNN</td><td>MNIST, CIFAR10, CIFAR100</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1fbGUs1AsoX6bU5F745RwQpohP4bHTktq">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>AlexNet</td><td>ImageNet</td><td><a href="">Cpp</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>VGG</td><td>ImageNet</td><td><a href="">Cpp</a>, <a href="">Python</a>, <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/14kxgRKtbjPCKKsDJVNi3AvTev81Gp_Ds">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>XceptionNet</td><td>MNIST, CIFAR10, CIFAR100</td><td><a href="">Python</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>ResNet</td><td>MNIST, CIFAR10, CIFAR100, CIFAR10</td><td><a href="">Python</a>, <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1u1RYefSsVbiP4I-5wiBKHjsT9L0FxLm9">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>MobileNet</td><td>ImageNet</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1HsixqJMIpKyEPhkbB8jy7NwNEFEAUWAf">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="目标检测"></a><a href="#目标检测" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>目标检测</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>网络模型</th><th>数据集</th><th>链接</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Tiny YOLOv2</td><td>Pascal VOC</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/11V4I6cRjIJNUv5ZGsEGwqHuoQEie6b1T">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="面部及表情识别"></a><a href="#面部及表情识别" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>面部及表情识别</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>模型</th><th>数据集</th><th>链接</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>ArcFace</td><td>Refined MS-Celeb-1M</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1qanaqUKGIDtifdzEzJOHjEj4kYzA9uJC">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Emotion FerPlus</td><td><a href="https://www.kaggle.com/c/challenges-in-representation-learning-facial-expression-recognition-challenge/data">Facial Expression Recognition Challenge</a></td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1XHtBQGRhe58PDi4LGYJzYueWBeWbO23r">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="图像生成"></a><a href="#图像生成" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>图像生成</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>模型</th><th>数据集</th><th>链接</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>GAN</td><td>MNIST</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1f86MNDW47DJqHoIqWD1tOxcyx2MWys8L">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>LSGAN</td><td>MNIST</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1C6jNRf28vnFOI9JVM4lpkJPqxsnhxdol">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="机器理解"></a><a href="#机器理解" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>机器理解</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>模型</th><th>数据集</th><th>链接</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Bert-Squad</td><td><a href="https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/explore/1.1/dev/">SQuAD v1.1</a></td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1kud-lUPjS_u-TkDAzihBTw0Vqr0FjCE-">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="文字识别"></a><a href="#文字识别" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>文字识别</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>模型</th><th>数据集</th><th>链接</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Simple LSTM</td><td>IMDB</td><td><a href="">python</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="文本排序"></a><a href="#文本排序" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>文本排序</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>模型</th><th>数据集</th><th>链接</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>BiLSTM</td><td>InsuranceQA</td><td><a href="">python</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="其他"></a><a href="#其他" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>其他</h2>
+<ul>
+<li>MNIST数据集的有限玻尔兹曼机, <a href="">source</a>,
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19996noGu9JyHHkVmp4edBGu7PJSRQKsd">Colab</a>.</li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#图像分类">图像分类</a></li><li><a href="#目标检测">目标检测</a></li><li><a href="#面部及表情识别">面部及表情识别</a></li><li><a href="#图像生成">图像生成</a></li><li><a href="#机器理解">机器理解</a></li><li><a href="#文字识别">文字识别</a></li><li><a href="#文本排序">文本排序</a></li><li><a href="#其他">其他</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Git Workflow · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Chinese"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Git Workflow · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="对于开发者"></a><a href="#对于开发者" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>对于开发者</h2>
+<ol>
+<li><p>将<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">SINGA Github repository</a> fork到你自己的Github账户。</p></li>
+<li><p>从你自己的git仓库中clone <strong>repo</strong> (short for repository):</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git clone https://github.com/<Github account>/singa.git
+git remote add upstream https://github.com/apache/singa.git
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>创建一个新的分支(例如 <code>feature-foo</code> 或 <code>fixbug-foo</code>),在这个分支上工作并提交你的代码:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git checkout dev
+git checkout -b feature-foo
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> write your code</span>
+git add <created/updated files>
+git commit
+</code></pre>
+<p>commit信息应包括:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>一个概括性的标题。</li>
+<li>详细的描述。如果提交是为了修复bug,描述中最好包括问题的简短复现;如果是新功能,可以描述新功能的动机/目的。</li>
+</ul>
+<p>如果您的分支有很多小的commit,您需要通过:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git rebase -i <commit id>
+</code></pre>
+<p>你可以<a href="https://help.github.com/en/articles/about-git-rebase">压制和重写</a>提交的内容。</p></li>
+<li><p>当你在写代码的时候,SINGA的<code>dev</code>分支可能已经被别人更新了;在这种情况下,你需要拉取最新的<code>dev</code>分支:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git checkout dev
+git pull upstream dev:dev
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>将<code>feature-foo</code> <a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">rebase</a>到<code>dev</code>分支上,并将提交的内容推送到自己的Github账户(你刚刚创建的新分支),rebase操作是为了清理提交历史。提交当前工作后,应执行以下 git 指令:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git checkout feature-foo
+git rebase dev
+git push origin feature-foo:feature-foo
+</code></pre>
+<p>Rebase命令的<a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">操作步骤</a>如下: "这个操作的工作原理是进入到两个分支(你所在的分支和你要rebase的分支)的共同来源 -> 获取你所在分支的每次commit所引入的差异 -> 将这些差异保存到临时文件中 -> 将当前分支重置为与你要rebase的分支相同的commit -> 最后依次修改每个差异。"</p>
+<p>因此,执行后,你还是在特性分支上,但你自己的提交ID/hash被改变了,因为diffs是在rebase时提交的;而且你的分支现在有来自<code>dev</code>分支和你自己分支的最新代码。</p></li>
+<li><p>在 Github 网站上创建一个针对 apache/singa <code>dev</code>分支的pull request(PR)。如果你想通知其他在相同文件上工作过的贡献者,你可以在Github上找到文件,然后点击 "Blame",就可以看到最后修改代码的人的逐行注释。然后,你可以在PR描述中加上@username,就可以立即ping到他们。请说明该贡献是你的原创作品,并且你在项目的开源许可下将该作品授权给项目。你的新分支的进一步提交(例如,bug修复)将由Github自动添加到这个pull request中。</p></li>
+<li><p>接下来等待committer审核PR。在这段时间里,SINGA的<code>dev</code>可能已经被其他人更新了,这时你需要<a href="https://docs.fast.ai/dev/git.html#how-to-keep-your-feature-branch-up-to-date">合并</a>最新的<code>dev</code>来解决冲突。有些人将PR重新<a href="https://github.com/edx/edx-platform/wiki/How-to-Rebase-a-Pull-Request">rebase到最新的dev</a>上,而不是合并。但是,如果其他开发者获取这个PR来添加新的功能,然后再发送PR,那么rebase操作会在未来的PR中引入<strong>重复的提交</strong>(不同的哈希)。关于何时避免使用rebase的细节,请参见<a href="https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/merging-vs-rebasing">The Golden Rule of Rebasing</a>。另一种简单的更新PR的方法(修复冲突或提交错误)是,从Apache SINGAS repo的最新开发分支中checkout出一个新的分支,复制并粘贴更新/添加的代码,然后commit并发送一个新的PR。</p></li>
+</ol>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="对于committers"></a><a href="#对于committers" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>对于Committers</h2>
+<p>Committer可以将PR合并到上游 repo 的 dev 分支。在合并每一个PR之前,提交者应该做到:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>检查commit信息(内容和格式)</li>
+<li>检查对现有代码的修改,API的变化应该被记录下来</li>
+<li>检查Travis测试结果,检查代码/文档格式和单元测试。</li>
+</ul>
+<p>合并PR的方式有两种:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>在Github上,按照<a href="https://gitbox.apache.org/setup/">说明</a>将你的Apache账户与Github账户链接,之后你就可以直接在GitHub上合并PR了。</p></li>
+<li><p>通过命令行合并pull request到<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/pull/xxx">https://github.com/apache/singa/pull/xxx</a>,应执行以下指令:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
+git remote add asf https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/singa.git
+git fetch origin pull/xxx/head:prxxx
+git checkout dev
+git merge --no-ff prxxx
+git push asf dev:dev
+</code></pre>
+<p>不要使用rebase来合并PR,并禁用fast forward。</p></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#对于开发者">对于开发者</a></li><li><a href="#对于committers">对于Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
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+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Git Workflow · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Chinese"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Git Workflow · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="对于开发者"></a><a href="#对于开发者" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>对于开发者</h2>
+<ol>
+<li><p>将<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">SINGA Github repository</a> fork到你自己的Github账户。</p></li>
+<li><p>从你自己的git仓库中clone <strong>repo</strong> (short for repository):</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git clone https://github.com/<Github account>/singa.git
+git remote add upstream https://github.com/apache/singa.git
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>创建一个新的分支(例如 <code>feature-foo</code> 或 <code>fixbug-foo</code>),在这个分支上工作并提交你的代码:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git checkout dev
+git checkout -b feature-foo
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> write your code</span>
+git add <created/updated files>
+git commit
+</code></pre>
+<p>commit信息应包括:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>一个概括性的标题。</li>
+<li>详细的描述。如果提交是为了修复bug,描述中最好包括问题的简短复现;如果是新功能,可以描述新功能的动机/目的。</li>
+</ul>
+<p>如果您的分支有很多小的commit,您需要通过:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git rebase -i <commit id>
+</code></pre>
+<p>你可以<a href="https://help.github.com/en/articles/about-git-rebase">压制和重写</a>提交的内容。</p></li>
+<li><p>当你在写代码的时候,SINGA的<code>dev</code>分支可能已经被别人更新了;在这种情况下,你需要拉取最新的<code>dev</code>分支:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git checkout dev
+git pull upstream dev:dev
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>将<code>feature-foo</code> <a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">rebase</a>到<code>dev</code>分支上,并将提交的内容推送到自己的Github账户(你刚刚创建的新分支),rebase操作是为了清理提交历史。提交当前工作后,应执行以下 git 指令:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git checkout feature-foo
+git rebase dev
+git push origin feature-foo:feature-foo
+</code></pre>
+<p>Rebase命令的<a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">操作步骤</a>如下: "这个操作的工作原理是进入到两个分支(你所在的分支和你要rebase的分支)的共同来源 -> 获取你所在分支的每次commit所引入的差异 -> 将这些差异保存到临时文件中 -> 将当前分支重置为与你要rebase的分支相同的commit -> 最后依次修改每个差异。"</p>
+<p>因此,执行后,你还是在特性分支上,但你自己的提交ID/hash被改变了,因为diffs是在rebase时提交的;而且你的分支现在有来自<code>dev</code>分支和你自己分支的最新代码。</p></li>
+<li><p>在 Github 网站上创建一个针对 apache/singa <code>dev</code>分支的pull request(PR)。如果你想通知其他在相同文件上工作过的贡献者,你可以在Github上找到文件,然后点击 "Blame",就可以看到最后修改代码的人的逐行注释。然后,你可以在PR描述中加上@username,就可以立即ping到他们。请说明该贡献是你的原创作品,并且你在项目的开源许可下将该作品授权给项目。你的新分支的进一步提交(例如,bug修复)将由Github自动添加到这个pull request中。</p></li>
+<li><p>接下来等待committer审核PR。在这段时间里,SINGA的<code>dev</code>可能已经被其他人更新了,这时你需要<a href="https://docs.fast.ai/dev/git.html#how-to-keep-your-feature-branch-up-to-date">合并</a>最新的<code>dev</code>来解决冲突。有些人将PR重新<a href="https://github.com/edx/edx-platform/wiki/How-to-Rebase-a-Pull-Request">rebase到最新的dev</a>上,而不是合并。但是,如果其他开发者获取这个PR来添加新的功能,然后再发送PR,那么rebase操作会在未来的PR中引入<strong>重复的提交</strong>(不同的哈希)。关于何时避免使用rebase的细节,请参见<a href="https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/merging-vs-rebasing">The Golden Rule of Rebasing</a>。另一种简单的更新PR的方法(修复冲突或提交错误)是,从Apache SINGAS repo的最新开发分支中checkout出一个新的分支,复制并粘贴更新/添加的代码,然后commit并发送一个新的PR。</p></li>
+</ol>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="对于committers"></a><a href="#对于committers" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>对于Committers</h2>
+<p>Committer可以将PR合并到上游 repo 的 dev 分支。在合并每一个PR之前,提交者应该做到:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>检查commit信息(内容和格式)</li>
+<li>检查对现有代码的修改,API的变化应该被记录下来</li>
+<li>检查Travis测试结果,检查代码/文档格式和单元测试。</li>
+</ul>
+<p>合并PR的方式有两种:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>在Github上,按照<a href="https://gitbox.apache.org/setup/">说明</a>将你的Apache账户与Github账户链接,之后你就可以直接在GitHub上合并PR了。</p></li>
+<li><p>通过命令行合并pull request到<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/pull/xxx">https://github.com/apache/singa/pull/xxx</a>,应执行以下指令:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
+git remote add asf https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/singa.git
+git fetch origin pull/xxx/head:prxxx
+git checkout dev
+git merge --no-ff prxxx
+git push asf dev:dev
+</code></pre>
+<p>不要使用rebase来合并PR,并禁用fast forward。</p></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#对于开发者">对于开发者</a></li><li><a href="#对于committers">对于Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Model · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Chinese"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Model · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<p>神经网络中的前向和反向传播可以用一组操作来表示,比如卷积和池化。每个操作都需要一些输入的<a href="./tensor">tensors</a>,并应用一个<a href="./autograd">operator</a>来生成输出的张量。通过将每个运算符表示为一个节点,将每个张量表示为一条边,所有的运算就形成了一个计算图。有了计算图,可以通过调度运算的执行和内存的智能分配/释放来进行速度和内存优化。在SINGA中,用户只需要使用<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/model.py">Model</a> API定义神经网络模型,计算图则会在C++后台自动构建和优化。</p>
+<p>这样,一方面,用户使用<a href="./graph">Model</a> API按照PyTorch那样的命令式编程风格实现网络。而与PyTorch在每次迭代中重新创建操作不同的是,SINGA在第一次迭代后就会缓冲操作,隐式地创建计算图(当该功能被启用时)。因此,另一方面,SINGA的计算图与使用声明式编程的库(如TensorFlow)创建的计算图类似,因而它可以享受在图上进行的优化。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="样例"></a><a href="#样例" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>样例</h2>
+<p>下面的代码说明了<code>Model</code>API的用法:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>将新模型实现为Model类的子类:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-Python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">CNN</span><span class="hljs-params">(model.Model)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, num_channels=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)</span>:</span>
+ super(CNN, self).__init__()
+ self.conv1 = layer.Conv2d(num_channels, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, activation=<span class="hljs-string">"RELU"</span>)
+ self.conv2 = layer.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">50</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, activation=<span class="hljs-string">"RELU"</span>)
+ self.linear1 = layer.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">500</span>)
+ self.linear2 = layer.Linear(num_classes)
+ self.pooling1 = layer.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.pooling2 = layer.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.relu = layer.ReLU()
+ self.flatten = layer.Flatten()
+ self.softmax_cross_entropy = layer.SoftMaxCrossEntropy()
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x)</span>:</span>
+ y = self.conv1(x)
+ y = self.pooling1(y)
+ y = self.conv2(y)
+ y = self.pooling2(y)
+ y = self.flatten(y)
+ y = self.linear1(y)
+ y = self.relu(y)
+ y = self.linear2(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, y)</span>:</span>
+ out = self.forward(x)
+ loss = self.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+ self.optimizer(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>创建model、optimizer、device等的实例。编译模型:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">model = CNN()
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># initialize optimizer and attach it to the model</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># initialize device</span>
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># input and target placeholders for the model</span>
+tx = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, IMG_SIZE, IMG_SIZE), dev, tensor.float32)
+ty = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, num_classes), dev, tensor.int32)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># compile the model before training</span>
+model.compile([tx], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, use_graph=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>迭代训练:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_train_batch):
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># generate the next mini-batch</span>
+ x, y = ...
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Copy the data into input tensors</span>
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(x)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(y)
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Training with one batch</span>
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<p>这个例子的Google Colab notebook可以在<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1fbGUs1AsoX6bU5F745RwQpohP4bHTktq">这里</a>找到。</p>
+<p>更多例子:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/mlp/model.py">MLP</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/cnn.py">CNN</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">ResNet</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="实现"></a><a href="#实现" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>实现</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="图的构建"></a><a href="#图的构建" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>图的构建</h3>
+<p>SINGA分三步构建计算图:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>将操作保存在缓冲区。</li>
+<li>分析操作的依赖性。</li>
+<li>根据依赖关系创建节点和边。</li>
+</ol>
+<p>以MLP模型的dense层的矩阵乘法运算为例,该操作会在<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/mlp/model.py">MLP model</a>的前向函数中被调用:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MLP</span><span class="hljs-params">(model.Model)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, data_size=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, perceptron_size=<span class="hljs-number">100</span>, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>)</span>:</span>
+ super(MLP, self).__init__()
+ self.linear1 = layer.Linear(perceptron_size)
+ ...
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, inputs)</span>:</span>
+ y = self.linear1(inputs)
+ ...
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>线性</code>层由<code>mutmul</code>运算符组成,<code>autograd</code>通过SWIG调用CPP中提供的<code>Mult</code>函数来实现<code>matmul</code>运算符。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># implementation of matmul()</span>
+singa.Mult(inputs, w)
+</code></pre>
+<p>At the backend, the <code>Mult</code> function is implemented by calling <code>GEMV</code> a CBLAS
+function. Instead of calling <code>GEMV</code> directly, <code>Mult</code> submits <code>GEMV</code> and the
+arguments to the device as follows,
+在后端,<code>Mult</code>函数是通过调用<code>GEMV</code>一个CBLAS函数来实现的。但<code>Mult</code>没有直接调用<code>GEMV</code>,而是将<code>GEMV</code>和参数提交给设备,具体如下。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-c++"><span class="hljs-comment">// implementation of Mult()</span>
+C->device()->Exec(
+ [a, A, b, B, CRef](Context *ctx) <span class="hljs-keyword">mutable</span> {
+ GEMV<DType, Lang>(a, A, B, b, &CRef, ctx);
+ },
+ read_blocks, {C->block()});
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>Device</code>的<code>Exec</code>函数对函数及其参数进行缓冲。此外,它还拥有这个函数要读写的块的信息(块是指张量的内存块)。</p>
+<p>一旦<code>Model.forward()</code>被执行一次,所有的操作就会被<code>Device</code>缓冲。接下来,对所有操作的读写信息进行分析,用来建立计算图。例如,如果一个块<code>b</code>被一个操作O1写入,之后又被另一个操作O2读出,我们就会知道O2依赖于O1并且有一条从A到B的有向边,它代表了块<code>b</code>(或其张量)。之后我们就构建了一个有向无环图,如下图所示。该图会构建一次。</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/GraphOfMLP.png" alt="The computational graph of MLP"></p>
+<p><br/><strong>Figure 1 - MLP例子的计算图</strong></p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="优化"></a><a href="#优化" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>优化</h3>
+<p>目前,基于计算图进行了以下优化:</p>
+<p><strong>惰性分配</strong> 当创建张量/块时,设备不会立即为它们分配内存。相反,是在第一次访问块时,才会分配内存。</p>
+<p><strong>自动回收</strong> 每个张量/块的参考计数是根据图计算出来的。在执行操作之前,参考计数是读取这个块的操作次数。在执行过程中,一旦执行了一个操作,每一个输入块的参考数就会减少1,如果一个块的参考数达到了0,就意味着这个块在剩下的操作中不会再被读取。因此,它的内存可以被安全释放。此外,SINGA还会跟踪图外的块的使用情况。如果一个块被Python代码使用(而不是被autograd操作符使用),它将不会被回收。</p>
+<p><strong>内存共享</strong> SINGA使用内存池,如<a href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/cnmem">CnMem</a>来管理CUDA内存。有了自动回收和内存池,SINGA就可以在张量之间共享内存。考虑两个操作<code>c=a+b</code>和<code>d=2xc</code>。在执行第二个操作之前,根据惰性分配原则,应该分配d的内存。假设<code>a</code>在其余操作中没有使用。根据自动回收,<code>a</code>的块将在第一次操作后被释放。因此,SINGA会向CUDA流提交四个操作:加法、释放<code>a</code>、分配<code>b</code>和乘法。这样,内存池就可以将<code>a</code>释放的内存与<code>b</code>共享,而不是要求GPU为<code>b</code>做真正的malloc。</p>
+<p>其他的优化技术,如来自编译器的优化技术,如常见的子表达式消除和不同CUDA流上的并行化操作也可以应用。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="新的操作符"></a><a href="#新的操作符" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>新的操作符</h2>
+<p><code>autograd</code>模块中定义的每个运算符都实现了两个功能:前向和反向,通过在后台调用运算符来实现。如果要在<code>autograd</code>中添加一个新的运算符,需要在后台添加多个运算符。</p>
+<p>以<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/autograd.py">Conv2d</a>运算符为例,在Python端,根据设备类型,从后台调用运算符来实现前向和反向功能:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">_Conv2d</span><span class="hljs-params">(Operation)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, W, b=None)</span>:</span>
+ ......
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> training:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> self.handle.bias_term:
+ self.inputs = (x, W, b) <span class="hljs-comment"># record x, W, b</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
+ self.inputs = (x, W)
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (type(self.handle) != singa.ConvHandle):
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> singa.GpuConvForward(x, W, b, self.handle)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> singa.CpuConvForward(x, W, b, self.handle)
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">backward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, dy)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (type(self.handle) != singa.ConvHandle):
+ dx = singa.GpuConvBackwardx(dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>], self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
+ self.handle)
+ dW = singa.GpuConvBackwardW(dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>], self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>],
+ self.handle)
+ db = singa.GpuConvBackwardb(
+ dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>],
+ self.handle) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> self.handle.bias_term <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
+ dx = singa.CpuConvBackwardx(dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>], self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
+ self.handle)
+ dW = singa.CpuConvBackwardW(dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>], self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>],
+ self.handle)
+ db = singa.CpuConvBackwardb(
+ dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>],
+ self.handle) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> self.handle.bias_term <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> db:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dx, dW, db
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dx, dW
+</code></pre>
+<p>对于后台的每一个操作符,应按以下方式实现:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>假设操作符是<code>foo()</code>,它的真正实现应该包装在另一个函数中,例如<code>_foo()</code>。<code>foo()</code>将<code>_foo</code>和参数一起作为lambda函数传递给<code>Device</code>的<code>Exec</code>函数进行缓冲,要读和写的块也同时被传递给<code>Exec</code>。</p></li>
+<li><p>lambda表达式中使用的所有参数都需要根据以下规则获取:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p><code>值捕获</code>: 如果参数变量是一个局部变量,或者将被立刻释放(例如,中间时序)。否则,一旦<code>foo()</code>存在,这些变量将被销毁。</p></li>
+<li><p><code>引用捕获</code>:如果变量是记录在python端或者是一个持久变量(例如Conv2d类中的参数W和ConvHand)。</p></li>
+<li><p><code>可变捕获</code>: 如果在<code>_foo()</code>中修改了由值捕获的变量,则lambda表达式应带有mutable(可变)标签。</p></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>下面是一个在后台实现的操作的<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/src/model/operation/convolution.cc">例子</a>:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-c++"><span class="hljs-function">Tensor <span class="hljs-title">GpuConvBackwardx</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor &dy, <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor &W, <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor &x,
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> CudnnConvHandle &cch)</span> </span>{
+ CHECK_EQ(dy.device()->lang(), kCuda);
+
+ Tensor dx;
+ dx.ResetLike(x);
+
+ dy.device()->Exec(
+ <span class="hljs-comment">/*
+ * dx is a local variable so it's captured by value
+ * dy is an intermediate tensor and isn't recorded on the python side
+ * W is an intermediate tensor but it's recorded on the python side
+ * chh is a variable and it's recorded on the python side
+ */</span>
+ [dx, dy, &W, &cch](Context *ctx) <span class="hljs-keyword">mutable</span> {
+ Block *wblock = W.block(), *dyblock = dy.block(), *dxblock = dx.block();
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> alpha = <span class="hljs-number">1.f</span>, beta = <span class="hljs-number">0.f</span>;
+ cudnnConvolutionBackwardData(
+ ctx->cudnn_handle, &alpha, cch.filter_desc, wblock->data(),
+ cch.y_desc, dyblock->data(), cch.conv_desc, cch.bp_data_alg,
+ cch.workspace.block()->mutable_data(),
+ cch.workspace_count * <span class="hljs-keyword">sizeof</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">float</span>), &beta, cch.x_desc,
+ dxblock->mutable_data());
+ },
+ {dy.block(), W.block()}, {dx.block(), cch.workspace.block()});
+ <span class="hljs-comment">/* the lambda expression reads the blocks of tensor dy and w
+ * and writes the blocks of tensor dx and chh.workspace
+ */</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dx;
+}
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="benchmark"></a><a href="#benchmark" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Benchmark</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="单节点"></a><a href="#单节点" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>单节点</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>实验设定
+<ul>
+<li>模型:
+<ul>
+<li>使用层: ResNet50 in
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/autograd/resnet_cifar10.py">resnet.py</a></li>
+<li>使用模型: ResNet50 in
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">resnet.py</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>GPU: NVIDIA RTX 2080Ti</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>注释:
+<ul>
+<li><code>s</code> :second,秒</li>
+<li><code>it</code> : iteration,迭代次数</li>
+<li><code>Mem</code>:peak memory usage of single GPU,单GPU显存峰值</li>
+<li><code>Throughout</code>:number of images processed per second,每秒处理的图像数</li>
+<li><code>Time</code>:total time,总时间</li>
+<li><code>Speed</code>:iterations per second。每秒迭代次数</li>
+<li><code>Reduction</code>:the memory usage reduction rate compared with that using layer,与使用层的内存使用率相比,内存使用率降低了多少</li>
+<li><code>Speedup</code>: speedup ratio compared with dev branch,与dev分支相比的加速率</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>结果:
+ <table style="text-align: center">
+ <tr>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Batchsize</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Cases</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Mem(MB)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Time(s)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Speed(it/s)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Throughput</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Reduction</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Speedup</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td rowspan="4">16</td>
+ <td nowrap>layer</td>
+ <td>4975</td>
+ <td>14.1952</td>
+ <td>14.0893</td>
+ <td>225.4285</td>
+ <td>0.00%</td>
+ <td>1.0000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:disable graph</td>
+ <td>4995</td>
+ <td>14.1264</td>
+ <td>14.1579</td>
+ <td>226.5261</td>
+ <td>-0.40%</td>
+ <td>1.0049</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, bfs</td>
+ <td>3283</td>
+ <td>13.7438</td>
+ <td>14.5520</td>
+ <td>232.8318</td>
+ <td>34.01%</td>
+ <td>1.0328</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, serial</td>
+ <td>3265</td>
+ <td>13.7420</td>
+ <td>14.5540</td>
+ <td>232.8635</td>
+ <td>34.37%</td>
+ <td>1.0330</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td rowspan="4">32</td>
+ <td nowrap>layer</td>
+ <td>10119</td>
+ <td>13.4587</td>
+ <td>7.4302</td>
+ <td>237.7649</td>
+ <td>0.00%</td>
+ <td>1.0000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:disable graph</td>
+ <td>10109</td>
+ <td>13.2952</td>
+ <td>7.5315</td>
+ <td>240.6875</td>
+ <td>0.10%</td>
+ <td>1.0123</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, bfs</td>
+ <td>6839</td>
+ <td>13.1059</td>
+ <td>7.6302</td>
+ <td>244.1648</td>
+ <td>32.41%</td>
+ <td>1.0269</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, serial</td>
+ <td>6845</td>
+ <td>13.0489</td>
+ <td>7.6635</td>
+ <td>245.2312</td>
+ <td>32.35%</td>
+ <td>1.0314</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="多线程"></a><a href="#多线程" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>多线程</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>实验设置:
+<ul>
+<li>API:
+<ul>
+<li>使用层: ResNet50 in
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/autograd/resnet_dist.py">resnet_dist.py</a></li>
+<li>使用模型: ResNet50 in
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">resnet.py</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>GPU: NVIDIA RTX 2080Ti * 2</li>
+<li>MPI: 在同一节点上的两个MPI processes</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>注释: 与上面相同</li>
+<li>结果:
+ <table style="text-align: center">
+ <tr>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Batchsize</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Cases</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Mem(MB)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Time(s)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Speed(it/s)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Throughput</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Reduction</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Speedup</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td rowspan="4">16</td>
+ <td nowrap>layer</td>
+ <td>5439</td>
+ <td>17.3323</td>
+ <td>11.5391</td>
+ <td>369.2522</td>
+ <td>0.00%</td>
+ <td>1.0000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:disable graph</td>
+ <td>5427</td>
+ <td>17.8232</td>
+ <td>11.2213</td>
+ <td>359.0831</td>
+ <td>0.22%</td>
+ <td>0.9725</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, bfs</td>
+ <td>3389</td>
+ <td>18.2310</td>
+ <td>10.9703</td>
+ <td>351.0504</td>
+ <td>37.69%</td>
+ <td>0.9507</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, serial</td>
+ <td>3437</td>
+ <td>17.0389</td>
+ <td>11.7378</td>
+ <td>375.6103</td>
+ <td>36.81%</td>
+ <td>1.0172</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td rowspan="4">32</td>
+ <td nowrap>layer</td>
+ <td>10547</td>
+ <td>14.8635</td>
+ <td>6.7279</td>
+ <td>430.5858</td>
+ <td>0.00%</td>
+ <td>1.0000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:disable graph</td>
+ <td>10503</td>
+ <td>14.7746</td>
+ <td>6.7684</td>
+ <td>433.1748</td>
+ <td>0.42%</td>
+ <td>1.0060</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, bfs</td>
+ <td>6935</td>
+ <td>14.8553</td>
+ <td>6.7316</td>
+ <td>430.8231</td>
+ <td>34.25%</td>
+ <td>1.0006</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, serial</td>
+ <td>7027</td>
+ <td>14.3271</td>
+ <td>6.9798</td>
+ <td>446.7074</td>
+ <td>33.37%</td>
+ <td>1.0374</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="结论"></a><a href="#结论" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>结论</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>在启用计算图的情况下进行训练,可以显著减少内存占用。</li>
+<li>目前,在速度上有一点改进。在效率方面还可以做更多的优化。</li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#样例">样例</a></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#图的构建">图的构建</a></li><li><a href="#优化">优化</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#新的操作符">新的操作符</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#单节点">单节点</a></li><li><a href="#多线程">多线程</a></li><li><a href="#结论">结论</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>神经网络中的前向和反向传播可以用一组操作来表示,比如卷积和池化。每个操作都需要一些输入的<a href="./tensor">tensors</a>,并应用一个<a href="./autograd">operator</a>来生成输出的张量。通过将每个运算符表示为一个节点,将每个张量表示为一条边,所有的运算就形成了一个计算图。有了计算图,可以通过调度运算的执行和内存的智能分配/释放来进行速度和内存优化。在SINGA中,用户只需要使用<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/model.py">Model</a> API定义神经网络模型,计算图则会在C++后台自动构建和优化。</p>
+<p>这样,一方面,用户使用<a href="./graph">Model</a> API按照PyTorch那样的命令式编程风格实现网络。而与PyTorch在每次迭代中重新创建操作不同的是,SINGA在第一次迭代后就会缓冲操作,隐式地创建计算图(当该功能被启用时)。因此,另一方面,SINGA的计算图与使用声明式编程的库(如TensorFlow)创建的计算图类似,因而它可以享受在图上进行的优化。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="样例"></a><a href="#样例" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>样例</h2>
+<p>下面的代码说明了<code>Model</code>API的用法:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>将新模型实现为Model类的子类:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-Python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">CNN</span><span class="hljs-params">(model.Model)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, num_channels=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)</span>:</span>
+ super(CNN, self).__init__()
+ self.conv1 = layer.Conv2d(num_channels, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, activation=<span class="hljs-string">"RELU"</span>)
+ self.conv2 = layer.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">50</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, activation=<span class="hljs-string">"RELU"</span>)
+ self.linear1 = layer.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">500</span>)
+ self.linear2 = layer.Linear(num_classes)
+ self.pooling1 = layer.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.pooling2 = layer.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.relu = layer.ReLU()
+ self.flatten = layer.Flatten()
+ self.softmax_cross_entropy = layer.SoftMaxCrossEntropy()
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x)</span>:</span>
+ y = self.conv1(x)
+ y = self.pooling1(y)
+ y = self.conv2(y)
+ y = self.pooling2(y)
+ y = self.flatten(y)
+ y = self.linear1(y)
+ y = self.relu(y)
+ y = self.linear2(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, y)</span>:</span>
+ out = self.forward(x)
+ loss = self.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+ self.optimizer(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>创建model、optimizer、device等的实例。编译模型:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">model = CNN()
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># initialize optimizer and attach it to the model</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># initialize device</span>
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># input and target placeholders for the model</span>
+tx = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, IMG_SIZE, IMG_SIZE), dev, tensor.float32)
+ty = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, num_classes), dev, tensor.int32)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># compile the model before training</span>
+model.compile([tx], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, use_graph=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>迭代训练:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_train_batch):
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># generate the next mini-batch</span>
+ x, y = ...
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Copy the data into input tensors</span>
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(x)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(y)
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Training with one batch</span>
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<p>这个例子的Google Colab notebook可以在<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1fbGUs1AsoX6bU5F745RwQpohP4bHTktq">这里</a>找到。</p>
+<p>更多例子:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/mlp/model.py">MLP</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/cnn.py">CNN</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">ResNet</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="实现"></a><a href="#实现" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>实现</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="图的构建"></a><a href="#图的构建" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>图的构建</h3>
+<p>SINGA分三步构建计算图:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>将操作保存在缓冲区。</li>
+<li>分析操作的依赖性。</li>
+<li>根据依赖关系创建节点和边。</li>
+</ol>
+<p>以MLP模型的dense层的矩阵乘法运算为例,该操作会在<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/mlp/model.py">MLP model</a>的前向函数中被调用:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MLP</span><span class="hljs-params">(model.Model)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, data_size=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, perceptron_size=<span class="hljs-number">100</span>, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>)</span>:</span>
+ super(MLP, self).__init__()
+ self.linear1 = layer.Linear(perceptron_size)
+ ...
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, inputs)</span>:</span>
+ y = self.linear1(inputs)
+ ...
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>线性</code>层由<code>mutmul</code>运算符组成,<code>autograd</code>通过SWIG调用CPP中提供的<code>Mult</code>函数来实现<code>matmul</code>运算符。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># implementation of matmul()</span>
+singa.Mult(inputs, w)
+</code></pre>
+<p>At the backend, the <code>Mult</code> function is implemented by calling <code>GEMV</code> a CBLAS
+function. Instead of calling <code>GEMV</code> directly, <code>Mult</code> submits <code>GEMV</code> and the
+arguments to the device as follows,
+在后端,<code>Mult</code>函数是通过调用<code>GEMV</code>一个CBLAS函数来实现的。但<code>Mult</code>没有直接调用<code>GEMV</code>,而是将<code>GEMV</code>和参数提交给设备,具体如下。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-c++"><span class="hljs-comment">// implementation of Mult()</span>
+C->device()->Exec(
+ [a, A, b, B, CRef](Context *ctx) <span class="hljs-keyword">mutable</span> {
+ GEMV<DType, Lang>(a, A, B, b, &CRef, ctx);
+ },
+ read_blocks, {C->block()});
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>Device</code>的<code>Exec</code>函数对函数及其参数进行缓冲。此外,它还拥有这个函数要读写的块的信息(块是指张量的内存块)。</p>
+<p>一旦<code>Model.forward()</code>被执行一次,所有的操作就会被<code>Device</code>缓冲。接下来,对所有操作的读写信息进行分析,用来建立计算图。例如,如果一个块<code>b</code>被一个操作O1写入,之后又被另一个操作O2读出,我们就会知道O2依赖于O1并且有一条从A到B的有向边,它代表了块<code>b</code>(或其张量)。之后我们就构建了一个有向无环图,如下图所示。该图会构建一次。</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/GraphOfMLP.png" alt="The computational graph of MLP"></p>
+<p><br/><strong>Figure 1 - MLP例子的计算图</strong></p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="优化"></a><a href="#优化" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>优化</h3>
+<p>目前,基于计算图进行了以下优化:</p>
+<p><strong>惰性分配</strong> 当创建张量/块时,设备不会立即为它们分配内存。相反,是在第一次访问块时,才会分配内存。</p>
+<p><strong>自动回收</strong> 每个张量/块的参考计数是根据图计算出来的。在执行操作之前,参考计数是读取这个块的操作次数。在执行过程中,一旦执行了一个操作,每一个输入块的参考数就会减少1,如果一个块的参考数达到了0,就意味着这个块在剩下的操作中不会再被读取。因此,它的内存可以被安全释放。此外,SINGA还会跟踪图外的块的使用情况。如果一个块被Python代码使用(而不是被autograd操作符使用),它将不会被回收。</p>
+<p><strong>内存共享</strong> SINGA使用内存池,如<a href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/cnmem">CnMem</a>来管理CUDA内存。有了自动回收和内存池,SINGA就可以在张量之间共享内存。考虑两个操作<code>c=a+b</code>和<code>d=2xc</code>。在执行第二个操作之前,根据惰性分配原则,应该分配d的内存。假设<code>a</code>在其余操作中没有使用。根据自动回收,<code>a</code>的块将在第一次操作后被释放。因此,SINGA会向CUDA流提交四个操作:加法、释放<code>a</code>、分配<code>b</code>和乘法。这样,内存池就可以将<code>a</code>释放的内存与<code>b</code>共享,而不是要求GPU为<code>b</code>做真正的malloc。</p>
+<p>其他的优化技术,如来自编译器的优化技术,如常见的子表达式消除和不同CUDA流上的并行化操作也可以应用。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="新的操作符"></a><a href="#新的操作符" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>新的操作符</h2>
+<p><code>autograd</code>模块中定义的每个运算符都实现了两个功能:前向和反向,通过在后台调用运算符来实现。如果要在<code>autograd</code>中添加一个新的运算符,需要在后台添加多个运算符。</p>
+<p>以<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/autograd.py">Conv2d</a>运算符为例,在Python端,根据设备类型,从后台调用运算符来实现前向和反向功能:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">_Conv2d</span><span class="hljs-params">(Operation)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, W, b=None)</span>:</span>
+ ......
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> training:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> self.handle.bias_term:
+ self.inputs = (x, W, b) <span class="hljs-comment"># record x, W, b</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
+ self.inputs = (x, W)
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (type(self.handle) != singa.ConvHandle):
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> singa.GpuConvForward(x, W, b, self.handle)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> singa.CpuConvForward(x, W, b, self.handle)
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">backward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, dy)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (type(self.handle) != singa.ConvHandle):
+ dx = singa.GpuConvBackwardx(dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>], self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
+ self.handle)
+ dW = singa.GpuConvBackwardW(dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>], self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>],
+ self.handle)
+ db = singa.GpuConvBackwardb(
+ dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>],
+ self.handle) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> self.handle.bias_term <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
+ dx = singa.CpuConvBackwardx(dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>], self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
+ self.handle)
+ dW = singa.CpuConvBackwardW(dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>], self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>],
+ self.handle)
+ db = singa.CpuConvBackwardb(
+ dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>],
+ self.handle) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> self.handle.bias_term <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> db:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dx, dW, db
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dx, dW
+</code></pre>
+<p>对于后台的每一个操作符,应按以下方式实现:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>假设操作符是<code>foo()</code>,它的真正实现应该包装在另一个函数中,例如<code>_foo()</code>。<code>foo()</code>将<code>_foo</code>和参数一起作为lambda函数传递给<code>Device</code>的<code>Exec</code>函数进行缓冲,要读和写的块也同时被传递给<code>Exec</code>。</p></li>
+<li><p>lambda表达式中使用的所有参数都需要根据以下规则获取:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p><code>值捕获</code>: 如果参数变量是一个局部变量,或者将被立刻释放(例如,中间时序)。否则,一旦<code>foo()</code>存在,这些变量将被销毁。</p></li>
+<li><p><code>引用捕获</code>:如果变量是记录在python端或者是一个持久变量(例如Conv2d类中的参数W和ConvHand)。</p></li>
+<li><p><code>可变捕获</code>: 如果在<code>_foo()</code>中修改了由值捕获的变量,则lambda表达式应带有mutable(可变)标签。</p></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>下面是一个在后台实现的操作的<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/src/model/operation/convolution.cc">例子</a>:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-c++"><span class="hljs-function">Tensor <span class="hljs-title">GpuConvBackwardx</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor &dy, <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor &W, <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor &x,
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> CudnnConvHandle &cch)</span> </span>{
+ CHECK_EQ(dy.device()->lang(), kCuda);
+
+ Tensor dx;
+ dx.ResetLike(x);
+
+ dy.device()->Exec(
+ <span class="hljs-comment">/*
+ * dx is a local variable so it's captured by value
+ * dy is an intermediate tensor and isn't recorded on the python side
+ * W is an intermediate tensor but it's recorded on the python side
+ * chh is a variable and it's recorded on the python side
+ */</span>
+ [dx, dy, &W, &cch](Context *ctx) <span class="hljs-keyword">mutable</span> {
+ Block *wblock = W.block(), *dyblock = dy.block(), *dxblock = dx.block();
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> alpha = <span class="hljs-number">1.f</span>, beta = <span class="hljs-number">0.f</span>;
+ cudnnConvolutionBackwardData(
+ ctx->cudnn_handle, &alpha, cch.filter_desc, wblock->data(),
+ cch.y_desc, dyblock->data(), cch.conv_desc, cch.bp_data_alg,
+ cch.workspace.block()->mutable_data(),
+ cch.workspace_count * <span class="hljs-keyword">sizeof</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">float</span>), &beta, cch.x_desc,
+ dxblock->mutable_data());
+ },
+ {dy.block(), W.block()}, {dx.block(), cch.workspace.block()});
+ <span class="hljs-comment">/* the lambda expression reads the blocks of tensor dy and w
+ * and writes the blocks of tensor dx and chh.workspace
+ */</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dx;
+}
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="benchmark"></a><a href="#benchmark" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Benchmark</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="单节点"></a><a href="#单节点" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>单节点</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>实验设定
+<ul>
+<li>模型:
+<ul>
+<li>使用层: ResNet50 in
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/autograd/resnet_cifar10.py">resnet.py</a></li>
+<li>使用模型: ResNet50 in
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">resnet.py</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>GPU: NVIDIA RTX 2080Ti</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>注释:
+<ul>
+<li><code>s</code> :second,秒</li>
+<li><code>it</code> : iteration,迭代次数</li>
+<li><code>Mem</code>:peak memory usage of single GPU,单GPU显存峰值</li>
+<li><code>Throughout</code>:number of images processed per second,每秒处理的图像数</li>
+<li><code>Time</code>:total time,总时间</li>
+<li><code>Speed</code>:iterations per second。每秒迭代次数</li>
+<li><code>Reduction</code>:the memory usage reduction rate compared with that using layer,与使用层的内存使用率相比,内存使用率降低了多少</li>
+<li><code>Speedup</code>: speedup ratio compared with dev branch,与dev分支相比的加速率</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>结果:
+ <table style="text-align: center">
+ <tr>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Batchsize</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Cases</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Mem(MB)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Time(s)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Speed(it/s)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Throughput</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Reduction</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Speedup</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td rowspan="4">16</td>
+ <td nowrap>layer</td>
+ <td>4975</td>
+ <td>14.1952</td>
+ <td>14.0893</td>
+ <td>225.4285</td>
+ <td>0.00%</td>
+ <td>1.0000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:disable graph</td>
+ <td>4995</td>
+ <td>14.1264</td>
+ <td>14.1579</td>
+ <td>226.5261</td>
+ <td>-0.40%</td>
+ <td>1.0049</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, bfs</td>
+ <td>3283</td>
+ <td>13.7438</td>
+ <td>14.5520</td>
+ <td>232.8318</td>
+ <td>34.01%</td>
+ <td>1.0328</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, serial</td>
+ <td>3265</td>
+ <td>13.7420</td>
+ <td>14.5540</td>
+ <td>232.8635</td>
+ <td>34.37%</td>
+ <td>1.0330</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td rowspan="4">32</td>
+ <td nowrap>layer</td>
+ <td>10119</td>
+ <td>13.4587</td>
+ <td>7.4302</td>
+ <td>237.7649</td>
+ <td>0.00%</td>
+ <td>1.0000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:disable graph</td>
+ <td>10109</td>
+ <td>13.2952</td>
+ <td>7.5315</td>
+ <td>240.6875</td>
+ <td>0.10%</td>
+ <td>1.0123</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, bfs</td>
+ <td>6839</td>
+ <td>13.1059</td>
+ <td>7.6302</td>
+ <td>244.1648</td>
+ <td>32.41%</td>
+ <td>1.0269</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, serial</td>
+ <td>6845</td>
+ <td>13.0489</td>
+ <td>7.6635</td>
+ <td>245.2312</td>
+ <td>32.35%</td>
+ <td>1.0314</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="多线程"></a><a href="#多线程" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>多线程</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>实验设置:
+<ul>
+<li>API:
+<ul>
+<li>使用层: ResNet50 in
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/autograd/resnet_dist.py">resnet_dist.py</a></li>
+<li>使用模型: ResNet50 in
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">resnet.py</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>GPU: NVIDIA RTX 2080Ti * 2</li>
+<li>MPI: 在同一节点上的两个MPI processes</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>注释: 与上面相同</li>
+<li>结果:
+ <table style="text-align: center">
+ <tr>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Batchsize</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Cases</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Mem(MB)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Time(s)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Speed(it/s)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Throughput</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Reduction</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Speedup</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td rowspan="4">16</td>
+ <td nowrap>layer</td>
+ <td>5439</td>
+ <td>17.3323</td>
+ <td>11.5391</td>
+ <td>369.2522</td>
+ <td>0.00%</td>
+ <td>1.0000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:disable graph</td>
+ <td>5427</td>
+ <td>17.8232</td>
+ <td>11.2213</td>
+ <td>359.0831</td>
+ <td>0.22%</td>
+ <td>0.9725</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, bfs</td>
+ <td>3389</td>
+ <td>18.2310</td>
+ <td>10.9703</td>
+ <td>351.0504</td>
+ <td>37.69%</td>
+ <td>0.9507</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, serial</td>
+ <td>3437</td>
+ <td>17.0389</td>
+ <td>11.7378</td>
+ <td>375.6103</td>
+ <td>36.81%</td>
+ <td>1.0172</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td rowspan="4">32</td>
+ <td nowrap>layer</td>
+ <td>10547</td>
+ <td>14.8635</td>
+ <td>6.7279</td>
+ <td>430.5858</td>
+ <td>0.00%</td>
+ <td>1.0000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:disable graph</td>
+ <td>10503</td>
+ <td>14.7746</td>
+ <td>6.7684</td>
+ <td>433.1748</td>
+ <td>0.42%</td>
+ <td>1.0060</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, bfs</td>
+ <td>6935</td>
+ <td>14.8553</td>
+ <td>6.7316</td>
+ <td>430.8231</td>
+ <td>34.25%</td>
+ <td>1.0006</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, serial</td>
+ <td>7027</td>
+ <td>14.3271</td>
+ <td>6.9798</td>
+ <td>446.7074</td>
+ <td>33.37%</td>
+ <td>1.0374</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="结论"></a><a href="#结论" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>结论</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>在启用计算图的情况下进行训练,可以显著减少内存占用。</li>
+<li>目前,在速度上有一点改进。在效率方面还可以做更多的优化。</li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#样例">样例</a></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#图的构建">图的构建</a></li><li><a href="#优化">优化</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#新的操作符">新的操作符</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#单节点">单节点</a></li><li><a href="#多线程">多线程</a></li><li><a href="#结论">结论</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>Half precision training 优点:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>CPU内存使用低, 网络支持大。</li>
+<li>训练速度快。</li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="half-data-type"></a><a href="#half-data-type" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Half data type</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="half-data-type-定义"></a><a href="#half-data-type-定义" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Half data type 定义</h3>
+<p>在 IEEE 754 标准中明确binary16有如下格式:
+<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-precision_floating-point_format">format</a>:
+Sign bit: 1 bit
+Exponent width: 5 bits
+Significand precision: 11 bits (10 explicitly stored)</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="half-data-type-运算"></a><a href="#half-data-type-运算" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Half data type 运算</h3>
+<p>以fp32形式加载数据,快速转换成fp16。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensor, device
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x = tensor.random((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>),dev)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x
+[[<span class="hljs-number">0.7703407</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.42764223</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.5872884</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.78362167</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.70469785</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.64975065</span>]], float32
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>y = x.as_type(tensor.float16)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>y
+[[<span class="hljs-number">0.7705</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.4277</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.5874</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.7837</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.7046</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.65</span> ]], float16
+</code></pre>
+<p>初级运算支持fp16格式。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>y+y
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.541</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.8555</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.175</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">1.567</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.409</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.3</span> ]], float16
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training-in-half"></a><a href="#training-in-half" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training in Half</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training-in-half-三个步骤"></a><a href="#training-in-half-三个步骤" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training in Half 三个步骤</h3>
+<p>半精度训练只需要如下三个步骤:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>加载数据并且转换成半精度数据</li>
+<li>设置数据优化类型</li>
+<li>启动训练模型</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># cast input data to fp16</span>
+x = load_data()
+x = x.astype(np.float16)
+tx = tensor.from_numpy(x)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># load model</span>
+model = build_model()
+<span class="hljs-comment"># set optimizer dtype to fp16</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>, dtype=tensor.float16)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># train as usual</span>
+out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="示例"></a><a href="#示例" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>示例</h3>
+<p>提供示例脚本<code>train_cnn.py</code>,可执行下面的命令语句开始半精度模型训练。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">python examples/cnn/train_cnn.py cnn mnist -pfloat16
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="实现"></a><a href="#实现" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>实现</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="half-type-依赖性"></a><a href="#half-type-依赖性" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Half Type 依赖性</h3>
+<p>该半精度实现方式就像一半半精度模型支持的一样,是被整合在C++后端来实现的。</p>
+<p>在GPU上跑的时候,<code>__half</code>可用在uda math API中,为了支持<code>__half</code>数学运算,需要编译Nvidia compute arch > 6.0(Pascal)</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core"></a><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</h3>
+<p>Nvidia发布Tensor Core后进一步加速了半精度和倍数吞吐量的运算,如GEMM(CuBlas) and convolution(CuDNN)。要启用Tensor core的运算,在GEMM方面有一些要求,比如:卷积通道大小,Cuda版本和GPU版本(图灵或更高版本)等等。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="implement-operations"></a><a href="#implement-operations" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Implement Operations</h3>
+<p>半精度运算起初被整合在<code>tensor_math_cuda.h</code>中,专门提供半精度类型运算模版和实现方式,用来实现低数据量的计算。</p>
+<p>示例, GEMM 运算实现如下:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-c++"><span class="hljs-keyword">template</span> <>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> GEMM<half_float::half, lang::Cuda>(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> half_float::half alpha,
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor& A, <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor& B,
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> half_float::half beta, Tensor* C,
+ Context* ctx) {
+ <span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
+ CUBLAS_CHECK(cublasGemmEx(handle, transb, transa, ncolB, nrowA, ncolA,
+ alphaPtr, BPtr, Btype, ldb, APtr, Atype, lda,
+ betaPtr, CPtr, Ctype, ldc, computeType, algo));
+ <span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
+}
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/time-profiling"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Time Profiling</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-定义">Half data type 定义</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-运算">Half data type 运算</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-三个步骤">Training in Half 三个步骤</a></li><li><a href="#示例">示例</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-依赖性">Half Type 依赖性</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>Half precision training 优点:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>CPU内存使用低, 网络支持大。</li>
+<li>训练速度快。</li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="half-data-type"></a><a href="#half-data-type" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Half data type</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="half-data-type-定义"></a><a href="#half-data-type-定义" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Half data type 定义</h3>
+<p>在 IEEE 754 标准中明确binary16有如下格式:
+<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-precision_floating-point_format">format</a>:
+Sign bit: 1 bit
+Exponent width: 5 bits
+Significand precision: 11 bits (10 explicitly stored)</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="half-data-type-运算"></a><a href="#half-data-type-运算" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Half data type 运算</h3>
+<p>以fp32形式加载数据,快速转换成fp16。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensor, device
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x = tensor.random((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>),dev)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x
+[[<span class="hljs-number">0.7703407</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.42764223</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.5872884</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.78362167</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.70469785</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.64975065</span>]], float32
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>y = x.as_type(tensor.float16)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>y
+[[<span class="hljs-number">0.7705</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.4277</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.5874</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.7837</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.7046</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.65</span> ]], float16
+</code></pre>
+<p>初级运算支持fp16格式。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>y+y
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.541</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.8555</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.175</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">1.567</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.409</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.3</span> ]], float16
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training-in-half"></a><a href="#training-in-half" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training in Half</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training-in-half-三个步骤"></a><a href="#training-in-half-三个步骤" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training in Half 三个步骤</h3>
+<p>半精度训练只需要如下三个步骤:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>加载数据并且转换成半精度数据</li>
+<li>设置数据优化类型</li>
+<li>启动训练模型</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># cast input data to fp16</span>
+x = load_data()
+x = x.astype(np.float16)
+tx = tensor.from_numpy(x)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># load model</span>
+model = build_model()
+<span class="hljs-comment"># set optimizer dtype to fp16</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>, dtype=tensor.float16)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># train as usual</span>
+out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="示例"></a><a href="#示例" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>示例</h3>
+<p>提供示例脚本<code>train_cnn.py</code>,可执行下面的命令语句开始半精度模型训练。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">python examples/cnn/train_cnn.py cnn mnist -pfloat16
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="实现"></a><a href="#实现" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>实现</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="half-type-依赖性"></a><a href="#half-type-依赖性" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Half Type 依赖性</h3>
+<p>该半精度实现方式就像一半半精度模型支持的一样,是被整合在C++后端来实现的。</p>
+<p>在GPU上跑的时候,<code>__half</code>可用在uda math API中,为了支持<code>__half</code>数学运算,需要编译Nvidia compute arch > 6.0(Pascal)</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core"></a><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</h3>
+<p>Nvidia发布Tensor Core后进一步加速了半精度和倍数吞吐量的运算,如GEMM(CuBlas) and convolution(CuDNN)。要启用Tensor core的运算,在GEMM方面有一些要求,比如:卷积通道大小,Cuda版本和GPU版本(图灵或更高版本)等等。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="implement-operations"></a><a href="#implement-operations" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Implement Operations</h3>
+<p>半精度运算起初被整合在<code>tensor_math_cuda.h</code>中,专门提供半精度类型运算模版和实现方式,用来实现低数据量的计算。</p>
+<p>示例, GEMM 运算实现如下:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-c++"><span class="hljs-keyword">template</span> <>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> GEMM<half_float::half, lang::Cuda>(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> half_float::half alpha,
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor& A, <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor& B,
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> half_float::half beta, Tensor* C,
+ Context* ctx) {
+ <span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
+ CUBLAS_CHECK(cublasGemmEx(handle, transb, transa, ncolB, nrowA, ncolA,
+ alphaPtr, BPtr, Btype, ldb, APtr, Atype, lda,
+ betaPtr, CPtr, Ctype, ldc, computeType, algo));
+ <span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
+}
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/time-profiling"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Time Profiling</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-定义">Half data type 定义</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-运算">Half data type 运算</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-三个步骤">Training in Half 三个步骤</a></li><li><a href="#示例">示例</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-依赖性">Half Type 依赖性</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/history-singa.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/history-singa.html
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>History of SINGA · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Chinese"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="History of SINGA · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="历史"></a><a href="#历史" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>历史</h2>
+<p>SINGA由新加坡国立大学DB System Group于2014年发起,与浙江大学数据库组合作。如果您在研究中使用SINGA,请引用以下两篇论文。</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>B.C. Ooi, K.-L. Tan, S. Wang, W. Wang, Q. Cai, G. Chen, J. Gao, Z. Luo, A. K.
+H. Tung, Y. Wang, Z. Xie, M. Zhang, and K. Zheng.
+<a href="http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~ooibc/singaopen-mm15.pdf">SINGA: A distributed deep learning platform</a>.
+ACM Multimedia (Open Source Software Competition) 2015</p></li>
+<li><p>W. Wang, G. Chen, T. T. A. Dinh, B. C. Ooi, K.-L.Tan, J. Gao, and S. Wang.
+<a href="http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~ooibc/singa-mm15.pdf">SINGA: putting deep learning in the hands of multimedia users</a>.
+ACM Multimedia 2015.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Rafiki是SINGA的一个子模块,如果您在研究中使用Rafiki,请引用以下论文。</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Wei Wang, Jinyang Gao, Meihui Zhang, Sheng Wang, Gang Chen, Teck Khim Ng, Beng
+Chin Ooi, Jie Shao, Moaz Reyad.
+<a href="http://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol12/p128-wang.pdf">Rafiki: Machine Learning as an Analytics Service System</a>.
+<a href="http://vldb.org/2019/">VLDB 2019</a>
+(<a href="https://dblp.org/rec/bib2/journals/pvldb/WangWGZCNOS18.bib">BibTex</a>).</li>
+</ul>
+<p><a href="http://tech.163.com/17/0602/17/CLUL016I00098GJ5.html">NetEase</a>,
+<a href="http://www.yzbigdata.com/en/index.html">yzBigData</a>,
+<a href="https://shentilium.com/">Shentilium</a>, <a href="http://www.foodlg.com/">Foodlg</a> 以及
+<a href="https://medilot.com/technologies">Medilot</a> 等公司在他们的工作和应用中使用了SINGA。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="license"></a><a href="#license" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>License</h2>
+<p>SINGA以<a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License Version 2.0</a>
+版本发布。</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu"><span>CPU only</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#历史">历史</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/history-singa/index.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/history-singa/index.html
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+++ b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/history-singa/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>History of SINGA · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Chinese"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="History of SINGA · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="历史"></a><a href="#历史" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>历史</h2>
+<p>SINGA由新加坡国立大学DB System Group于2014年发起,与浙江大学数据库组合作。如果您在研究中使用SINGA,请引用以下两篇论文。</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>B.C. Ooi, K.-L. Tan, S. Wang, W. Wang, Q. Cai, G. Chen, J. Gao, Z. Luo, A. K.
+H. Tung, Y. Wang, Z. Xie, M. Zhang, and K. Zheng.
+<a href="http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~ooibc/singaopen-mm15.pdf">SINGA: A distributed deep learning platform</a>.
+ACM Multimedia (Open Source Software Competition) 2015</p></li>
+<li><p>W. Wang, G. Chen, T. T. A. Dinh, B. C. Ooi, K.-L.Tan, J. Gao, and S. Wang.
+<a href="http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~ooibc/singa-mm15.pdf">SINGA: putting deep learning in the hands of multimedia users</a>.
+ACM Multimedia 2015.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Rafiki是SINGA的一个子模块,如果您在研究中使用Rafiki,请引用以下论文。</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Wei Wang, Jinyang Gao, Meihui Zhang, Sheng Wang, Gang Chen, Teck Khim Ng, Beng
+Chin Ooi, Jie Shao, Moaz Reyad.
+<a href="http://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol12/p128-wang.pdf">Rafiki: Machine Learning as an Analytics Service System</a>.
+<a href="http://vldb.org/2019/">VLDB 2019</a>
+(<a href="https://dblp.org/rec/bib2/journals/pvldb/WangWGZCNOS18.bib">BibTex</a>).</li>
+</ul>
+<p><a href="http://tech.163.com/17/0602/17/CLUL016I00098GJ5.html">NetEase</a>,
+<a href="http://www.yzbigdata.com/en/index.html">yzBigData</a>,
+<a href="https://shentilium.com/">Shentilium</a>, <a href="http://www.foodlg.com/">Foodlg</a> 以及
+<a href="https://medilot.com/technologies">Medilot</a> 等公司在他们的工作和应用中使用了SINGA。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="license"></a><a href="#license" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>License</h2>
+<p>SINGA以<a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License Version 2.0</a>
+版本发布。</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu"><span>CPU only</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#历史">历史</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
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+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+<p>这是SINGA的<a href="http://www.apache.org/dev/release-publishing.html">发布准备流程</a>指南。</p>
+<ol>
+<li><p>选择一个发布管理者。发布管理者(RM)是发布过程的协调者,他的签名文件(.asc)将会与发布一起上传。RM 生成 KEY (RSA 4096 位)并将其上传到公钥服务器,首先需要得到其他Apache用户对他的密钥的认可(签名),才能连接到信任网,RM需要先求助其他项目管理者帮忙认证他的密钥。<a href="http://www.apache.org/dev/release-signing.html">如何生成密钥?</a></p></li>
+<li><p>检查license。 <a href="https://www.apache.org/legal/src-headers.html#faq-docs">FAQ</a>;
+<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/projects/SINGA/issues/SINGA-447">SINGA Issue</a></p>
+<ul>
+<li>代码库不能包含与APL不兼容的第三方代码。</li>
+<li>依赖项与APL兼容,GNU类license不兼容。</li>
+<li>我们编写的所有源文件都必须包含Apache license头:<a href="http://www.apache.org/legal/src-headers.html">http://www.apache.org/legal/src-headers.html</a>.
+链接中有一个脚本可以帮助将这个头同步到所有文件。</li>
+<li>更新LICENSE文件。如果我们在发行包中包含了任何非APL的第三方代码,必须要在NOTICE文件的最后注明。</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>复查版本。检查代码和文档。</p>
+<ul>
+<li>编译过程无错误。</li>
+<li>(尽可能地)包含进单元测试。</li>
+<li>Conda包运行无误。</li>
+<li>Apache网站上的在线文档是最新的。</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>准备好RELEASE_NOTES文件。包括以下项目,介绍,特性,错误(链接到JIRA或Github PR),变更,依赖列表,不兼容问题,可以按照这个<a href="(http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-digester/commons-digester-3.0/RELEASE-NOTES.txt)">例子</a>来写。</p></li>
+<li><p>打包候选版本。该版本应该打包成:apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz。这个版本不应该包含任何二进制文件,包括git文件。但是CMake的编译依赖于git标签来获取版本号;要删除这个依赖,你需要手动更新CMakeLists.txt文件来设置版本号:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"># remove the following lines
+include(GetGitRevisionDescription)
+git_describe(VERSION --tags --dirty=-d)
+<span class="hljs-type">string</span>(REGEX REPLACE <span class="hljs-string">"^([0-9]+)<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>..*"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>1"</span> VERSION_MAJOR <span class="hljs-string">"${VERSION}"</span>)
+<span class="hljs-type">string</span>(REGEX REPLACE <span class="hljs-string">"^[0-9]+<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>.([0-9]+).*"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>1"</span> VERSION_MINOR <span class="hljs-string">"${VERSION}"</span>)
+<span class="hljs-type">string</span>(REGEX REPLACE <span class="hljs-string">"^[0-9]+<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>.[0-9]+<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>.([0-9]+).*"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>1"</span> VERSION_PATCH <span class="hljs-string">"${VERSION}"</span>)
+
+# set the numbers manually
+SET(PACKAGE_VERSION <span class="hljs-number">3.0</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>)
+SET(VERSION <span class="hljs-number">3.0</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>)
+SET(SINGA_MAJOR_VERSION <span class="hljs-number">3</span>) # <span class="hljs-number">0</span> -
+SET(SINGA_MINOR_VERSION <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) # <span class="hljs-number">0</span> - <span class="hljs-number">9</span>
+SET(SINGA_PATCH_VERSION <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) # <span class="hljs-number">0</span> - <span class="hljs-number">99</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>将软件包上传到<a href="https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/">stage repo</a>。应包括tar文件、签名、KEY和SHA256校验和文件。MD5不再使用,详细规则在<a href="https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/">这里</a>。阶段文件夹应该包括:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz</li>
+<li>apache-singa-VERSION.acs</li>
+<li>apache-singa-VERSION.SHA256</li>
+</ul>
+<p>创建这些文件并上传到stage svn repo的命令如下:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh"><span class="hljs-comment"># in singa repo</span>
+rm -rf .git
+rm -rf rafiki/*
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> ..
+tar -czvf apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz singa/
+
+mkdir stage
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> stage
+svn co https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> singa
+<span class="hljs-comment"># copy the KEYS file from singa repo to this folder if it is not here</span>
+cp ../../singa/KEYS .
+mkdir VERSION
+<span class="hljs-comment"># copy the tar.gz file</span>
+mv ../../apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz VERSION/
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> VERSION
+sha512sum apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz > apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz.sha512
+gpg --armor --output apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz.asc --detach-sig apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> ..
+svn add VERSION
+svn commit
+</code></pre></li>
+</ol>
+<ol start="6">
+<li>通过发送电子邮件的方式进行投票。现举例如下:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> To: dev@singa.apache.org
+ Subject: [VOTE] <span class="hljs-keyword">Release</span> apache-singa-X.Y.Z (<span class="hljs-keyword">release</span> candidate N)
+
+ Hi <span class="hljs-keyword">all</span>,
+
+ I have created a <span class="hljs-keyword">build</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> Apache SINGA <span class="hljs-number">3.1</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">release</span> candidate <span class="hljs-number">2.</span>
+
+ The <span class="hljs-keyword">release</span> note <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">at</span>
+ https://github.com/apache/singa/<span class="hljs-built_in">blob</span>/<span class="hljs-keyword">master</span>/RELEASE_NOTES.
+
+ The artifacts <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> be voted <span class="hljs-keyword">on</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">are</span> located here:
+ https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/<span class="hljs-number">3.1</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>.rc2/apache-singa<span class="hljs-number">-3.1</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>.rc2.tar.gz
+
+ The hashes <span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> the artifacts <span class="hljs-keyword">are</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">follows</span>:
+ SHA512: <span class="hljs-number">84545499</span>ad36da108c6a599edd1d853f82d331bc03273b5278515554866f0c698e881f956b2eabcb6b29c07fa9fa4ff1add5a777b58db8a6a2362cf383b5c04d
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">Release</span> artifacts <span class="hljs-keyword">are</span> signed <span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> the followingkey:
+ https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/<span class="hljs-keyword">KEYS</span>
+
+ The signature <span class="hljs-keyword">file</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span>:
+ https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/<span class="hljs-number">3.1</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>.rc2/apache-singa<span class="hljs-number">-3.1</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>.rc2.tar.gz.asc
+
+ The Github tag <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">at</span>:
+ https://github.com/apache/singa/releases/tag/<span class="hljs-number">3.1</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>.rc2
+
+ The documentation website <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">at</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">http</span>://singa.apache.org/docs/<span class="hljs-keyword">next</span>/installation/
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">Some</span> examples <span class="hljs-keyword">are</span> available <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> testing:
+ https://github.com/apache/singa/tree/<span class="hljs-keyword">master</span>/examples
+
+
+
+ Please vote <span class="hljs-keyword">on</span> releasing this package. The vote <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">open</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">at</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">least</span> <span class="hljs-number">72</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">hours</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> passes <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> a majority <span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">at</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">least</span> three +<span class="hljs-number">1</span> votes <span class="hljs-keyword">are</span> cast.
+
+ [ ] +<span class="hljs-number">1</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">Release</span> this <span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> Apache SINGA X.Y.Z
+
+ [ ] <span class="hljs-number">0</span> I don<span class="hljs-string">'t feel strongly about it, but I'</span>m okay <span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> the <span class="hljs-keyword">release</span>
+
+ [ ] <span class="hljs-number">-1</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">Do</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">release</span> this <span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> because...
+
+ Here <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> my vote: +<span class="hljs-number">1</span>
+
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="7">
+<li>等待至少48小时的测试回复。任何PMC、提交者或贡献者都可以测试发布的功能,以及反馈。大家在投票+1之前应该检查这些。如果投票通过,则发送如下的结果邮件,否则,从头开始重复刚刚的步骤。</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs">
+<span class="hljs-keyword">To</span>: dev@singa.apache.org Subject: [RESULT][vote] Release apache-singa-X.Y.Z
+(release candidate N)
+
+Thanks <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> everyone who has voted <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> given their comments. The tally is as
+follows.
+
+N binding +1s: <names>
+
+N non-binding +1s: <names>
+
+<span class="hljs-literal">No</span> 0s <span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> -1s.
+
+I am delighted <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> announce that the<span class="hljs-built_in"> proposal </span><span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> release Apache SINGA X.Y.Z has
+passed.
+
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="8">
+<li><p>将软件包上传至 <a href="https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/release/singa/">https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/release/singa/</a>,以便<a href="http://www.apache.org/dev/release-publishing.html#distribution">distribution</a>。</p></li>
+<li><p>更新SINGA网站的下载页面。tar.gz 文件必须从镜像下载,使用 closer.cgi 脚本;其他工件必须从 Apache 主站点下载。更多细节请看<a href="http://www.apache.org/dev/release-download-pages.html">这里</a>。我们在之前的版本中得到的一些反馈。“下载页面必须只链接到正式发布的版本,所以不能包含到GitHub的链接”,“链接到KEYS, sig和Hash的链接不能使用dist.apache.org而应该使用 <a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/">https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/</a>...”“而且你只需要一个KEYS链接,而且应该描述如何使用KEYS+sig或Hash来验证下载。”</p></li>
+<li><p>删除RC标签并编译conda包。</p></li>
+<li><p>发布release信息:</p></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-attribute">To</span>: announce<span class="hljs-variable">@apache</span>.org, dev<span class="hljs-variable">@singa</span>.apache.org
+<span class="hljs-attribute">Subject</span>: [ANNOUNCE] Apache SINGA X.Y.Z released
+
+We are pleased to announce that SINGA X.Y.Z is released.
+
+SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform
+for training big deep learning models over large datasets.
+The release is available <span class="hljs-attribute">at</span>: <span class="hljs-attribute">http</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//singa.apache.org/downloads.html</span>
+The main features of this release include XXX
+We look forward to hearing your feedback, suggestions,
+and contributions to the project.
+
+On behalf of the SINGA team, {SINGA Team Member Name}
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>How to Prepare a Release · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Chinese"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="How to Prepare a Release · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ content.classList.toggle('hide');
+ });
+ }
+
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ createToggler('#navToggler', '#docsNav', 'docsSliderActive');
+ createToggler('#tocToggler', 'body', 'tocActive');
+
+ var headings = document.querySelector('.toc-headings');
+ headings && headings.addEventListener('click', function(event) {
+ var el = event.target;
+ while(el !== headings){
+ if (el.tagName === 'A') {
+ document.body.classList.remove('tocActive');
+ break;
+ } else{
+ el = el.parentNode;
+ }
+ }
+ }, false);
+
+ function createToggler(togglerSelector, targetSelector, className) {
+ var toggler = document.querySelector(togglerSelector);
+ var target = document.querySelector(targetSelector);
+
+ if (!toggler) {
+ return;
+ }
+
+ toggler.onclick = function(event) {
+ event.preventDefault();
+
+ target.classList.toggle(className);
+ };
+ }
+ });
+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/how-to-release.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">How to Prepare a Release</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>这是SINGA的<a href="http://www.apache.org/dev/release-publishing.html">发布准备流程</a>指南。</p>
+<ol>
+<li><p>选择一个发布管理者。发布管理者(RM)是发布过程的协调者,他的签名文件(.asc)将会与发布一起上传。RM 生成 KEY (RSA 4096 位)并将其上传到公钥服务器,首先需要得到其他Apache用户对他的密钥的认可(签名),才能连接到信任网,RM需要先求助其他项目管理者帮忙认证他的密钥。<a href="http://www.apache.org/dev/release-signing.html">如何生成密钥?</a></p></li>
+<li><p>检查license。 <a href="https://www.apache.org/legal/src-headers.html#faq-docs">FAQ</a>;
+<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/projects/SINGA/issues/SINGA-447">SINGA Issue</a></p>
+<ul>
+<li>代码库不能包含与APL不兼容的第三方代码。</li>
+<li>依赖项与APL兼容,GNU类license不兼容。</li>
+<li>我们编写的所有源文件都必须包含Apache license头:<a href="http://www.apache.org/legal/src-headers.html">http://www.apache.org/legal/src-headers.html</a>.
+链接中有一个脚本可以帮助将这个头同步到所有文件。</li>
+<li>更新LICENSE文件。如果我们在发行包中包含了任何非APL的第三方代码,必须要在NOTICE文件的最后注明。</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>复查版本。检查代码和文档。</p>
+<ul>
+<li>编译过程无错误。</li>
+<li>(尽可能地)包含进单元测试。</li>
+<li>Conda包运行无误。</li>
+<li>Apache网站上的在线文档是最新的。</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>准备好RELEASE_NOTES文件。包括以下项目,介绍,特性,错误(链接到JIRA或Github PR),变更,依赖列表,不兼容问题,可以按照这个<a href="(http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-digester/commons-digester-3.0/RELEASE-NOTES.txt)">例子</a>来写。</p></li>
+<li><p>打包候选版本。该版本应该打包成:apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz。这个版本不应该包含任何二进制文件,包括git文件。但是CMake的编译依赖于git标签来获取版本号;要删除这个依赖,你需要手动更新CMakeLists.txt文件来设置版本号:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"># remove the following lines
+include(GetGitRevisionDescription)
+git_describe(VERSION --tags --dirty=-d)
+<span class="hljs-type">string</span>(REGEX REPLACE <span class="hljs-string">"^([0-9]+)<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>..*"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>1"</span> VERSION_MAJOR <span class="hljs-string">"${VERSION}"</span>)
+<span class="hljs-type">string</span>(REGEX REPLACE <span class="hljs-string">"^[0-9]+<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>.([0-9]+).*"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>1"</span> VERSION_MINOR <span class="hljs-string">"${VERSION}"</span>)
+<span class="hljs-type">string</span>(REGEX REPLACE <span class="hljs-string">"^[0-9]+<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>.[0-9]+<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>.([0-9]+).*"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>1"</span> VERSION_PATCH <span class="hljs-string">"${VERSION}"</span>)
+
+# set the numbers manually
+SET(PACKAGE_VERSION <span class="hljs-number">3.0</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>)
+SET(VERSION <span class="hljs-number">3.0</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>)
+SET(SINGA_MAJOR_VERSION <span class="hljs-number">3</span>) # <span class="hljs-number">0</span> -
+SET(SINGA_MINOR_VERSION <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) # <span class="hljs-number">0</span> - <span class="hljs-number">9</span>
+SET(SINGA_PATCH_VERSION <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) # <span class="hljs-number">0</span> - <span class="hljs-number">99</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>将软件包上传到<a href="https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/">stage repo</a>。应包括tar文件、签名、KEY和SHA256校验和文件。MD5不再使用,详细规则在<a href="https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/">这里</a>。阶段文件夹应该包括:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz</li>
+<li>apache-singa-VERSION.acs</li>
+<li>apache-singa-VERSION.SHA256</li>
+</ul>
+<p>创建这些文件并上传到stage svn repo的命令如下:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh"><span class="hljs-comment"># in singa repo</span>
+rm -rf .git
+rm -rf rafiki/*
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> ..
+tar -czvf apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz singa/
+
+mkdir stage
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> stage
+svn co https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> singa
+<span class="hljs-comment"># copy the KEYS file from singa repo to this folder if it is not here</span>
+cp ../../singa/KEYS .
+mkdir VERSION
+<span class="hljs-comment"># copy the tar.gz file</span>
+mv ../../apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz VERSION/
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> VERSION
+sha512sum apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz > apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz.sha512
+gpg --armor --output apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz.asc --detach-sig apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> ..
+svn add VERSION
+svn commit
+</code></pre></li>
+</ol>
+<ol start="6">
+<li>通过发送电子邮件的方式进行投票。现举例如下:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> To: dev@singa.apache.org
+ Subject: [VOTE] <span class="hljs-keyword">Release</span> apache-singa-X.Y.Z (<span class="hljs-keyword">release</span> candidate N)
+
+ Hi <span class="hljs-keyword">all</span>,
+
+ I have created a <span class="hljs-keyword">build</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> Apache SINGA <span class="hljs-number">3.1</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">release</span> candidate <span class="hljs-number">2.</span>
+
+ The <span class="hljs-keyword">release</span> note <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">at</span>
+ https://github.com/apache/singa/<span class="hljs-built_in">blob</span>/<span class="hljs-keyword">master</span>/RELEASE_NOTES.
+
+ The artifacts <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> be voted <span class="hljs-keyword">on</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">are</span> located here:
+ https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/<span class="hljs-number">3.1</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>.rc2/apache-singa<span class="hljs-number">-3.1</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>.rc2.tar.gz
+
+ The hashes <span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> the artifacts <span class="hljs-keyword">are</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">follows</span>:
+ SHA512: <span class="hljs-number">84545499</span>ad36da108c6a599edd1d853f82d331bc03273b5278515554866f0c698e881f956b2eabcb6b29c07fa9fa4ff1add5a777b58db8a6a2362cf383b5c04d
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">Release</span> artifacts <span class="hljs-keyword">are</span> signed <span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> the followingkey:
+ https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/<span class="hljs-keyword">KEYS</span>
+
+ The signature <span class="hljs-keyword">file</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span>:
+ https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/<span class="hljs-number">3.1</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>.rc2/apache-singa<span class="hljs-number">-3.1</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>.rc2.tar.gz.asc
+
+ The Github tag <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">at</span>:
+ https://github.com/apache/singa/releases/tag/<span class="hljs-number">3.1</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>.rc2
+
+ The documentation website <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">at</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">http</span>://singa.apache.org/docs/<span class="hljs-keyword">next</span>/installation/
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">Some</span> examples <span class="hljs-keyword">are</span> available <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> testing:
+ https://github.com/apache/singa/tree/<span class="hljs-keyword">master</span>/examples
+
+
+
+ Please vote <span class="hljs-keyword">on</span> releasing this package. The vote <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">open</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">at</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">least</span> <span class="hljs-number">72</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">hours</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> passes <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> a majority <span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">at</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">least</span> three +<span class="hljs-number">1</span> votes <span class="hljs-keyword">are</span> cast.
+
+ [ ] +<span class="hljs-number">1</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">Release</span> this <span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> Apache SINGA X.Y.Z
+
+ [ ] <span class="hljs-number">0</span> I don<span class="hljs-string">'t feel strongly about it, but I'</span>m okay <span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> the <span class="hljs-keyword">release</span>
+
+ [ ] <span class="hljs-number">-1</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">Do</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">release</span> this <span class="hljs-keyword">package</span> because...
+
+ Here <span class="hljs-keyword">is</span> my vote: +<span class="hljs-number">1</span>
+
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="7">
+<li>等待至少48小时的测试回复。任何PMC、提交者或贡献者都可以测试发布的功能,以及反馈。大家在投票+1之前应该检查这些。如果投票通过,则发送如下的结果邮件,否则,从头开始重复刚刚的步骤。</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs">
+<span class="hljs-keyword">To</span>: dev@singa.apache.org Subject: [RESULT][vote] Release apache-singa-X.Y.Z
+(release candidate N)
+
+Thanks <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> everyone who has voted <span class="hljs-keyword">and</span> given their comments. The tally is as
+follows.
+
+N binding +1s: <names>
+
+N non-binding +1s: <names>
+
+<span class="hljs-literal">No</span> 0s <span class="hljs-keyword">or</span> -1s.
+
+I am delighted <span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> announce that the<span class="hljs-built_in"> proposal </span><span class="hljs-keyword">to</span> release Apache SINGA X.Y.Z has
+passed.
+
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="8">
+<li><p>将软件包上传至 <a href="https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/release/singa/">https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/release/singa/</a>,以便<a href="http://www.apache.org/dev/release-publishing.html#distribution">distribution</a>。</p></li>
+<li><p>更新SINGA网站的下载页面。tar.gz 文件必须从镜像下载,使用 closer.cgi 脚本;其他工件必须从 Apache 主站点下载。更多细节请看<a href="http://www.apache.org/dev/release-download-pages.html">这里</a>。我们在之前的版本中得到的一些反馈。“下载页面必须只链接到正式发布的版本,所以不能包含到GitHub的链接”,“链接到KEYS, sig和Hash的链接不能使用dist.apache.org而应该使用 <a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/">https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/</a>...”“而且你只需要一个KEYS链接,而且应该描述如何使用KEYS+sig或Hash来验证下载。”</p></li>
+<li><p>删除RC标签并编译conda包。</p></li>
+<li><p>发布release信息:</p></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-attribute">To</span>: announce<span class="hljs-variable">@apache</span>.org, dev<span class="hljs-variable">@singa</span>.apache.org
+<span class="hljs-attribute">Subject</span>: [ANNOUNCE] Apache SINGA X.Y.Z released
+
+We are pleased to announce that SINGA X.Y.Z is released.
+
+SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform
+for training big deep learning models over large datasets.
+The release is available <span class="hljs-attribute">at</span>: <span class="hljs-attribute">http</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//singa.apache.org/downloads.html</span>
+The main features of this release include XXX
+We look forward to hearing your feedback, suggestions,
+and contributions to the project.
+
+On behalf of the SINGA team, {SINGA Team Member Name}
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+ search && search.focus();
+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
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+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
+ algoliaOptions: {"facetFilters":["language:en","version:3.0.0"]}
+ });
+ </script></body></html>
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diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/install-win.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/install-win.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/install-win.html
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Build SINGA on Windows · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Chinese"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Build SINGA on Windows · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Chinese</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/install-win.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Build SINGA on Windows</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>在Microsoft Windows上从源码构建SINGA的过程有四个部分:安装依赖关系、构建SINGA源码、(可选择)安装python模块和(可选择)运行单元测试。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="安装依赖项"></a><a href="#安装依赖项" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>安装依赖项</h2>
+<p>你可以创建一个文件夹来构建依赖关系。</p>
+<p>使用到的依赖项有:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>编译器和IDE:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Visual Studio,社区版是免费的,可以用来构建SINGA。
+<a href="https://www.visualstudio.com/">https://www.visualstudio.com/</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>CMake</p>
+<ul>
+<li>可以从 <a href="http://cmake.org/">http://cmake.org/</a> 下载</li>
+<li>确保 cmake 可执行文件的路径在系统路径中,或者在调用 cmake 时使用完整路径。</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>SWIG</p>
+<ul>
+<li>可以从 <a href="http://swig.org/">http://swig.org/</a> 下载</li>
+<li>确保swig可执行文件的路径在系统路径中,或者在调用swig时使用完整路径。请使用最新的版本,如3.0.12。</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Protocol Buffers</p>
+<ul>
+<li>下载一个合适的版本,如2.6.1:
+<a href="https://github.com/google/protobuf/releases/tag/v2.6.1">https://github.com/google/protobuf/releases/tag/v2.6.1</a> 。</li>
+<li>下载 protobuf-2.6.1.zip 和 protoc-2.6.1-win32.zip。</li>
+<li>将这两个文件解压到dependencies文件夹中,将protoc可执行文件的路径添加到系统路径中,或者在调用它时使用完整路径。</li>
+<li>打开Visual Studio solution,它可以在vsproject文件夹中找到。</li>
+<li>将build settings改为Release和x64。</li>
+<li>构建libprotobuf项目。</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Openblas</p>
+<ul>
+<li>从 <a href="http://www.openblas.net">http://www.openblas.net</a> 下载合适的源码,如0.2.20。</li>
+<li>将源码解压到dependencies文件夹中。</li>
+<li>如果你没有安装Perl,请下载一个perl环境,如Strawberry Perl (<a href="http://strawberryperl.com/">http://strawberryperl.com/</a>)。</li>
+<li>在源文件夹中运行此命令来构建Visual Studio解决方案:</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">cmake -G <span class="hljs-string">"Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>打开Visual Studio解决方案并将build settings更改为Release和x64。</li>
+<li>构建libopenblas项目。</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Google glog</p>
+<ul>
+<li>下载一个合适的版本,如0.3.5:
+<a href="https://github.com/google/glog/releases">https://github.com/google/glog/releases</a></li>
+<li>将源码解压到dependencies文件夹中。</li>
+<li>打开Visual Studio solution.</li>
+<li>将build settings改为Release and x64.</li>
+<li>构建libglog项目。</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="构建singa源代码"></a><a href="#构建singa源代码" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>构建SINGA源代码</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>下载SINGA源代码</p></li>
+<li><p>编译protobuf文件:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>在src/proto目录中:</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir python_out
+protoc.exe *.proto --python_out python_out
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>为C++和Python生成swig接口:在src/api目录中:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">swig -python -c++ singa.i
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>生成SINGA的Visual Studio解决方案:在SINGA源码根目录中:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir build
+cd build
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>调用 cmake 并添加系统路径,类似于下面的例子:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64" ^
+ -DGLOG_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/glog-0.3.5/src/windows" ^
+ -DGLOG_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/glog-0.3.5/x64/Release" ^
+ -DCBLAS_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/openblas-0.2.20/lapack-netlib/CBLAS/include" ^
+ -DCBLAS_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/openblas-0.2.20/lib/RELEASE" ^
+ -DProtobuf_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protobuf-2.6.1/src" ^
+ -DProtobuf_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protobuf-2.6.1/vsprojects/x64/Release" ^
+ -DProtobuf_PROTOC_EXECUTABLE="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protoc-2.6.1-win32/protoc.exe" ^
+ ..
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>在Visual Studio中打开生成的解决方案。</p></li>
+<li><p>将构建设置改为Release和x64。</p></li>
+<li><p>将src/api中的singa_wrap.cxx文件添加到singa_objects项目中。</p></li>
+<li><p>在 singa_objects 项目中,打开 Additional Include Directories。</p></li>
+<li><p>添加Python的include路径。</p></li>
+<li><p>添加numpy的include路径。</p></li>
+<li><p>添加protobuf的include路径。</p></li>
+<li><p>在 singa_objects 项目的预处理程序定义中, 添加 USE_GLOG。</p></li>
+<li><p>构建singa_objects项目。</p></li>
+<li><p>在singa项目中:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>将singa_wrap.obj添加到对象库。</li>
+<li>将目标名称改为"_singa_wrap"。</li>
+<li>将目标扩展名为.pyd。</li>
+<li>将配置类型改为动态库(.dll)。</li>
+<li>进入Additional Library Directories,添加路径到python、openblas、protobuf和glog库。</li>
+<li>在Additional Dependencies中添加libopenblas.lib、libglog.lib和libprotobuf.lib。</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>构建singa项目</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="安装python模块"></a><a href="#安装python模块" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>安装python模块</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>将build/python/setup.py中的<code>_singa_wrap.so</code>改为<code>_singa_wrap.pyd</code>。</p></li>
+<li><p>将<code>src/proto/python_out</code>中的文件复制到<code>build/python/singa/proto</code>中。</p></li>
+<li><p>(可选)创建并激活一个虚拟环境:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir SingaEnv
+virtualenv SingaEnv
+SingaEnv\Scripts\activate
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>进入build/python文件夹,运行:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python setup.py install
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>将 _singa_wrap.pyd、libglog.dll 和 libopenblas.dll 添加到路径中,或者将它们复制到 python site-packages 中的 singa package 文件夹中。</p></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>通过运行如下命令,来验证SINGA是否安装成功:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python -c "from singa import tensor"
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<p>构建过程的视频教程可以在这里找到:</p>
+<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cteER7WeiGk"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/cteER7WeiGk/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="运行单元测试"></a><a href="#运行单元测试" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>运行单元测试</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>在测试文件夹中,生成Visual Studio解决方案:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>在Visual Studio中打开生成的解决方案。</p></li>
+<li><p>更改build settings为Release和x64。</p></li>
+<li><p>构建glog项目。</p></li>
+<li><p>在test_singa项目中:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>将 USE_GLOG 添加到Preprocessor Definitions中。</li>
+<li>在 Additional Include Directories 中, 添加上面第 2 步中使用的 GLOG_INCLUDE_DIR、 CBLAS_INCLUDE_DIR 和 Protobuf_INCLUDE_DIR 的路径。同时添加build和build/include文件夹。</li>
+<li>转到Additional Library Directories,添加openblas、protobuf和glog库的路径。同时添加 build/src/singa_objects.dir/Release。</li>
+<li>转到 Additional Dependencies 并添加 libopenblas.lib、libglog.lib 和 libprotobuf.lib。修改两个库的名字:gtest.lib和singa_objects.lib。</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>构建test_singa项目。</p></li>
+<li><p>将libglog.dll和libopenblas.dll添加到路径中,或者将它们复制到test/release文件夹中,使其可用。</p></li>
+<li><p>单元测试可以通过如下方式执行:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>从命令行:</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">test_singa.exe
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>从Visual Studio:
+<ul>
+<li>右键点击test_singa项目,选择 "Set as StartUp Project"。</li>
+<li>在Debug菜单中,选择'Start Without Debugging'。</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>单元测试的视频教程可以在这里找到:</p>
+<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=393gPtzMN1k"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/393gPtzMN1k/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="构建包含cuda的gpu支持"></a><a href="#构建包含cuda的gpu支持" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>构建包含cuda的GPU支持</h2>
+<p>在本节中,我们将扩展前面的步骤来启用GPU。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="安装依赖项-1"></a><a href="#安装依赖项-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>安装依赖项</h3>
+<p>除了上面第1节的依赖关系外,我们还需要以下内容:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>CUDA</p>
+<p>从 <a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads">https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads</a> 下载一个合适的版本,如9.1。确保已经安装了Visual Studio集成模块。</p></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>cuDNN</p>
+<p>从 <a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn">https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn</a> 下载一个合适的版本,如7.1。</p></li>
+<li><p>cnmem:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>从 <a href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/cnmem">https://github.com/NVIDIA/cnmem</a> 下载最新版本。</li>
+<li>构建Visual Studio解决方案:</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>在Visual Studio中打开生成的解决方案。</li>
+<li>将build settings改为Release和x64。</li>
+<li>构建cnmem项目。</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="构建singa源代码-1"></a><a href="#构建singa源代码-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>构建SINGA源代码</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>调用 cmake 并添加系统路径,类似于下面的例子:
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64" ^
+ -DGLOG_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/glog-0.3.5/src/windows" ^
+ -DGLOG_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/glog-0.3.5/x64/Release" ^
+ -DCBLAS_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/openblas-0.2.20/lapack-netlib/CBLAS/include" ^
+ -DCBLAS_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/openblas-0.2.20/lib/RELEASE" ^
+ -DProtobuf_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protobuf-2.6.1/src" ^
+ -DProtobuf_LIBRARIES="D:\WinSinga/dependencies/protobuf-2.6.1/vsprojects/x64/Release" ^
+ -DProtobuf_PROTOC_EXECUTABLE="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protoc-2.6.1-win32/protoc.exe" ^
+ -DCUDNN_INCLUDE_DIR=D:\WinSinga\dependencies\cudnn-9.1-windows10-x64-v7.1\cuda\include ^
+ -DCUDNN_LIBRARIES=D:\WinSinga\dependencies\cudnn-9.1-windows10-x64-v7.1\cuda\lib\x64 ^
+ -DSWIG_DIR=D:\WinSinga\dependencies\swigwin-3.0.12 ^
+ -DSWIG_EXECUTABLE=D:\WinSinga\dependencies\swigwin-3.0.12\swig.exe ^
+ -DUSE_CUDA=YES ^
+ -DCUDNN_VERSION=7 ^
+ ..
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>为C++和Python生成swig接口。在src/api目录中:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">swig -python -c++ singa.i
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>在Visual Studio中打开生成的解决方案</p></li>
+<li><p>将build settings改为Release和x64</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="构建singa_objects"></a><a href="#构建singa_objects" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>构建singa_objects</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>将src/api中的singa_wrap.cxx文件添加到singa_objects项目中。</li>
+<li>在 singa_objects 项目中,打开 Additional Include Directories。</li>
+<li>添加Python的include路径</li>
+<li>添加numpy include路径</li>
+<li>添加protobuf包括路径</li>
+<li>增加CUDA、cuDNN和cnmem的包含路径。</li>
+<li>在 singa_objects 项目的预处理程序定义中, 加入 USE_GLOG、 USE_CUDA 和 USE_CUDNN。删除 DISABLE_WARNINGS。</li>
+<li>建立 singa_objects 项目</li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="构建singa-kernel"></a><a href="#构建singa-kernel" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>构建singa-kernel</h4>
+<ul>
+<li><p>创建一个新的Visual Studio项目,类型为 "CUDA 9.1 Runtime"。给它起个名字,比如singa-kernel。</p></li>
+<li><p>该项目自带一个名为kernel.cu的初始文件,从项目中删除这个文件。</p></li>
+<li><p>添加这个文件:src/core/tensor/math_kernel.cu。</p></li>
+<li><p>在项目设置中。</p>
+<ul>
+<li>将平台工具集设置为 "Visual Studio 2015 (v140)"</li>
+<li>将 "配置类型 "设置为 "静态库(.lib)"</li>
+<li>在include目录中,添加build/include。</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>建立singa-kernel项目</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="构建singa"></a><a href="#构建singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>构建singa</h4>
+<ul>
+<li><p>在singa项目中:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>将singa_wrap.obj添加到对象库中。</li>
+<li>将目标名称改为"_singa_wrap"。</li>
+<li>将目标扩展名为.pyd。</li>
+<li>将配置类型改为动态库(.dll)。</li>
+<li>到Additional Library Directories中添加python、openblas的路径。protobuf和glog库。</li>
+<li>同时添加singa-kernel、cnmem、cuda和cudnn的library path。</li>
+<li>到Additional Dependencies,并添加libopenblas.lib、libglog.lib和 libprotobuf.lib。</li>
+<li>另外还要添加:singa-kernel.lib、cnmem.lib、cudnn.lib、cuda.lib、cublas.lib。curand.lib和cudart.lib。</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>构建singa项目。</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="install-python-module"></a><a href="#install-python-module" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Install Python module</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><p>将 build/python/setup.py 中的 _singa_wrap.so 改为 _singa_wrap.pyd。</p></li>
+<li><p>将 src/proto/python_out 中的文件复制到 build/python/singa/proto 中。</p></li>
+<li><p>(可选) 创建并激活虚拟环境:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir SingaEnv
+virtualenv SingaEnv
+SingaEnv\Scripts\activate
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>进入build/python文件夹,运行:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python setup.py install
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>将 _singa_wrap.pyd, libglog.dll, libopenblas.dll, cnmem.dll, CUDA Runtime (例如 cudart64_91.dll) 和 cuDNN (例如 cudnn64_7.dll) 添加到路径中,或者将它们复制到 python site-packages 中的 singa package 文件夹中。</p></li>
+<li><p>通过运行如下命令来验证SINGA是否已经安装:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python -c "from singa import device; dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()"
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<p>这个部分的视频教程可以在这里找到:</p>
+<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YasKVjRtuDs"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YasKVjRtuDs/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="运行单元测试-1"></a><a href="#运行单元测试-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>运行单元测试</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><p>在测试文件夹中,生成Visual Studio解决方案:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>在Visual Studio中打开生成的解决方案,或者将项目添加到步骤5.2中创建的singa解决方案中。</p></li>
+<li><p>将build settings改为Release和x64。</p></li>
+<li><p>构建 glog 项目。</p></li>
+<li><p>在test_singa项目中:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>将 USE_GLOG; USE_CUDA; USE_CUDNN 添加到Preprocessor Definitions中。</li>
+<li>在 Additional Include Directories 中, 添加上面 5.2 中使用的 GLOG_INCLUDE_DIR、 CBLAS_INCLUDE_DIR 和 Protobuf_INCLUDE_DIR 的路径。同时添加build、build/include、CUDA和cuDNN的include文件夹。</li>
+<li>转到Additional Library Directories,添加openblas、protobuf和glog库的路径。同时添加 build/src/singa_objects.dir/Release、singa-kernel、cnmem、CUDA 和 cuDNN 库的路径。</li>
+<li>在Additional Dependencies中添加libopenblas.lib; libglog.lib; libprotobuf.lib; cnmem.lib; cudnn.lib; cuda.lib; cublas.lib; curand.lib; cudart.lib; singa-kernel.lib。修正两个库的名字:gtest.lib和singa_objects.lib。</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>构建.</p></li>
+<li><p>将libglog.dll、libopenblas.dll、cnmem.dll、cudart64_91.dll和cudnn64_7.dll添加到路径中,或将它们复制到test/release文件夹中,使其可用。</p></li>
+<li><p>单元测试可以通过如下方式执行:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>从命令行:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">test_singa.exe
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>从 Visual Studio:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>右键点击test_singa项目,选择 'Set as StartUp Project'.</li>
+<li>从Debug菜单,选择 'Start Without Debugging'</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>运行单元测试的视频教程可以在这里找到:</p>
+<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOjwtrvTPn4"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YOjwtrvTPn4/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#安装依赖项">安装依赖项</a></li><li><a href="#构建singa源代码">构建SINGA源代码</a></li><li><a href="#安装python模块">安装python模块</a></li><li><a href="#运行单元测试">运行单元测试</a></li><li><a href="#构建包含cuda的gpu支持">构建包含cuda的GPU支持</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#安装依赖项-1">安装依赖项</a></li><li><a href="#构建singa源代码-1">构建SINGA源代码</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#运行单元测试-1">运行单元测试</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Build SINGA on Windows · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Chinese"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Build SINGA on Windows · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Chinese</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/install-win.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Build SINGA on Windows</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>在Microsoft Windows上从源码构建SINGA的过程有四个部分:安装依赖关系、构建SINGA源码、(可选择)安装python模块和(可选择)运行单元测试。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="安装依赖项"></a><a href="#安装依赖项" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>安装依赖项</h2>
+<p>你可以创建一个文件夹来构建依赖关系。</p>
+<p>使用到的依赖项有:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>编译器和IDE:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Visual Studio,社区版是免费的,可以用来构建SINGA。
+<a href="https://www.visualstudio.com/">https://www.visualstudio.com/</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>CMake</p>
+<ul>
+<li>可以从 <a href="http://cmake.org/">http://cmake.org/</a> 下载</li>
+<li>确保 cmake 可执行文件的路径在系统路径中,或者在调用 cmake 时使用完整路径。</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>SWIG</p>
+<ul>
+<li>可以从 <a href="http://swig.org/">http://swig.org/</a> 下载</li>
+<li>确保swig可执行文件的路径在系统路径中,或者在调用swig时使用完整路径。请使用最新的版本,如3.0.12。</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Protocol Buffers</p>
+<ul>
+<li>下载一个合适的版本,如2.6.1:
+<a href="https://github.com/google/protobuf/releases/tag/v2.6.1">https://github.com/google/protobuf/releases/tag/v2.6.1</a> 。</li>
+<li>下载 protobuf-2.6.1.zip 和 protoc-2.6.1-win32.zip。</li>
+<li>将这两个文件解压到dependencies文件夹中,将protoc可执行文件的路径添加到系统路径中,或者在调用它时使用完整路径。</li>
+<li>打开Visual Studio solution,它可以在vsproject文件夹中找到。</li>
+<li>将build settings改为Release和x64。</li>
+<li>构建libprotobuf项目。</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Openblas</p>
+<ul>
+<li>从 <a href="http://www.openblas.net">http://www.openblas.net</a> 下载合适的源码,如0.2.20。</li>
+<li>将源码解压到dependencies文件夹中。</li>
+<li>如果你没有安装Perl,请下载一个perl环境,如Strawberry Perl (<a href="http://strawberryperl.com/">http://strawberryperl.com/</a>)。</li>
+<li>在源文件夹中运行此命令来构建Visual Studio解决方案:</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">cmake -G <span class="hljs-string">"Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>打开Visual Studio解决方案并将build settings更改为Release和x64。</li>
+<li>构建libopenblas项目。</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Google glog</p>
+<ul>
+<li>下载一个合适的版本,如0.3.5:
+<a href="https://github.com/google/glog/releases">https://github.com/google/glog/releases</a></li>
+<li>将源码解压到dependencies文件夹中。</li>
+<li>打开Visual Studio solution.</li>
+<li>将build settings改为Release and x64.</li>
+<li>构建libglog项目。</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="构建singa源代码"></a><a href="#构建singa源代码" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>构建SINGA源代码</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>下载SINGA源代码</p></li>
+<li><p>编译protobuf文件:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>在src/proto目录中:</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir python_out
+protoc.exe *.proto --python_out python_out
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>为C++和Python生成swig接口:在src/api目录中:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">swig -python -c++ singa.i
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>生成SINGA的Visual Studio解决方案:在SINGA源码根目录中:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir build
+cd build
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>调用 cmake 并添加系统路径,类似于下面的例子:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64" ^
+ -DGLOG_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/glog-0.3.5/src/windows" ^
+ -DGLOG_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/glog-0.3.5/x64/Release" ^
+ -DCBLAS_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/openblas-0.2.20/lapack-netlib/CBLAS/include" ^
+ -DCBLAS_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/openblas-0.2.20/lib/RELEASE" ^
+ -DProtobuf_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protobuf-2.6.1/src" ^
+ -DProtobuf_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protobuf-2.6.1/vsprojects/x64/Release" ^
+ -DProtobuf_PROTOC_EXECUTABLE="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protoc-2.6.1-win32/protoc.exe" ^
+ ..
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>在Visual Studio中打开生成的解决方案。</p></li>
+<li><p>将构建设置改为Release和x64。</p></li>
+<li><p>将src/api中的singa_wrap.cxx文件添加到singa_objects项目中。</p></li>
+<li><p>在 singa_objects 项目中,打开 Additional Include Directories。</p></li>
+<li><p>添加Python的include路径。</p></li>
+<li><p>添加numpy的include路径。</p></li>
+<li><p>添加protobuf的include路径。</p></li>
+<li><p>在 singa_objects 项目的预处理程序定义中, 添加 USE_GLOG。</p></li>
+<li><p>构建singa_objects项目。</p></li>
+<li><p>在singa项目中:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>将singa_wrap.obj添加到对象库。</li>
+<li>将目标名称改为"_singa_wrap"。</li>
+<li>将目标扩展名为.pyd。</li>
+<li>将配置类型改为动态库(.dll)。</li>
+<li>进入Additional Library Directories,添加路径到python、openblas、protobuf和glog库。</li>
+<li>在Additional Dependencies中添加libopenblas.lib、libglog.lib和libprotobuf.lib。</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>构建singa项目</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="安装python模块"></a><a href="#安装python模块" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>安装python模块</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>将build/python/setup.py中的<code>_singa_wrap.so</code>改为<code>_singa_wrap.pyd</code>。</p></li>
+<li><p>将<code>src/proto/python_out</code>中的文件复制到<code>build/python/singa/proto</code>中。</p></li>
+<li><p>(可选)创建并激活一个虚拟环境:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir SingaEnv
+virtualenv SingaEnv
+SingaEnv\Scripts\activate
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>进入build/python文件夹,运行:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python setup.py install
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>将 _singa_wrap.pyd、libglog.dll 和 libopenblas.dll 添加到路径中,或者将它们复制到 python site-packages 中的 singa package 文件夹中。</p></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>通过运行如下命令,来验证SINGA是否安装成功:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python -c "from singa import tensor"
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<p>构建过程的视频教程可以在这里找到:</p>
+<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cteER7WeiGk"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/cteER7WeiGk/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="运行单元测试"></a><a href="#运行单元测试" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>运行单元测试</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>在测试文件夹中,生成Visual Studio解决方案:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>在Visual Studio中打开生成的解决方案。</p></li>
+<li><p>更改build settings为Release和x64。</p></li>
+<li><p>构建glog项目。</p></li>
+<li><p>在test_singa项目中:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>将 USE_GLOG 添加到Preprocessor Definitions中。</li>
+<li>在 Additional Include Directories 中, 添加上面第 2 步中使用的 GLOG_INCLUDE_DIR、 CBLAS_INCLUDE_DIR 和 Protobuf_INCLUDE_DIR 的路径。同时添加build和build/include文件夹。</li>
+<li>转到Additional Library Directories,添加openblas、protobuf和glog库的路径。同时添加 build/src/singa_objects.dir/Release。</li>
+<li>转到 Additional Dependencies 并添加 libopenblas.lib、libglog.lib 和 libprotobuf.lib。修改两个库的名字:gtest.lib和singa_objects.lib。</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>构建test_singa项目。</p></li>
+<li><p>将libglog.dll和libopenblas.dll添加到路径中,或者将它们复制到test/release文件夹中,使其可用。</p></li>
+<li><p>单元测试可以通过如下方式执行:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>从命令行:</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">test_singa.exe
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>从Visual Studio:
+<ul>
+<li>右键点击test_singa项目,选择 "Set as StartUp Project"。</li>
+<li>在Debug菜单中,选择'Start Without Debugging'。</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>单元测试的视频教程可以在这里找到:</p>
+<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=393gPtzMN1k"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/393gPtzMN1k/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="构建包含cuda的gpu支持"></a><a href="#构建包含cuda的gpu支持" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>构建包含cuda的GPU支持</h2>
+<p>在本节中,我们将扩展前面的步骤来启用GPU。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="安装依赖项-1"></a><a href="#安装依赖项-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>安装依赖项</h3>
+<p>除了上面第1节的依赖关系外,我们还需要以下内容:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>CUDA</p>
+<p>从 <a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads">https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads</a> 下载一个合适的版本,如9.1。确保已经安装了Visual Studio集成模块。</p></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>cuDNN</p>
+<p>从 <a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn">https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn</a> 下载一个合适的版本,如7.1。</p></li>
+<li><p>cnmem:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>从 <a href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/cnmem">https://github.com/NVIDIA/cnmem</a> 下载最新版本。</li>
+<li>构建Visual Studio解决方案:</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>在Visual Studio中打开生成的解决方案。</li>
+<li>将build settings改为Release和x64。</li>
+<li>构建cnmem项目。</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="构建singa源代码-1"></a><a href="#构建singa源代码-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>构建SINGA源代码</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>调用 cmake 并添加系统路径,类似于下面的例子:
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64" ^
+ -DGLOG_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/glog-0.3.5/src/windows" ^
+ -DGLOG_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/glog-0.3.5/x64/Release" ^
+ -DCBLAS_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/openblas-0.2.20/lapack-netlib/CBLAS/include" ^
+ -DCBLAS_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/openblas-0.2.20/lib/RELEASE" ^
+ -DProtobuf_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protobuf-2.6.1/src" ^
+ -DProtobuf_LIBRARIES="D:\WinSinga/dependencies/protobuf-2.6.1/vsprojects/x64/Release" ^
+ -DProtobuf_PROTOC_EXECUTABLE="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protoc-2.6.1-win32/protoc.exe" ^
+ -DCUDNN_INCLUDE_DIR=D:\WinSinga\dependencies\cudnn-9.1-windows10-x64-v7.1\cuda\include ^
+ -DCUDNN_LIBRARIES=D:\WinSinga\dependencies\cudnn-9.1-windows10-x64-v7.1\cuda\lib\x64 ^
+ -DSWIG_DIR=D:\WinSinga\dependencies\swigwin-3.0.12 ^
+ -DSWIG_EXECUTABLE=D:\WinSinga\dependencies\swigwin-3.0.12\swig.exe ^
+ -DUSE_CUDA=YES ^
+ -DCUDNN_VERSION=7 ^
+ ..
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>为C++和Python生成swig接口。在src/api目录中:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">swig -python -c++ singa.i
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>在Visual Studio中打开生成的解决方案</p></li>
+<li><p>将build settings改为Release和x64</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="构建singa_objects"></a><a href="#构建singa_objects" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>构建singa_objects</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>将src/api中的singa_wrap.cxx文件添加到singa_objects项目中。</li>
+<li>在 singa_objects 项目中,打开 Additional Include Directories。</li>
+<li>添加Python的include路径</li>
+<li>添加numpy include路径</li>
+<li>添加protobuf包括路径</li>
+<li>增加CUDA、cuDNN和cnmem的包含路径。</li>
+<li>在 singa_objects 项目的预处理程序定义中, 加入 USE_GLOG、 USE_CUDA 和 USE_CUDNN。删除 DISABLE_WARNINGS。</li>
+<li>建立 singa_objects 项目</li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="构建singa-kernel"></a><a href="#构建singa-kernel" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>构建singa-kernel</h4>
+<ul>
+<li><p>创建一个新的Visual Studio项目,类型为 "CUDA 9.1 Runtime"。给它起个名字,比如singa-kernel。</p></li>
+<li><p>该项目自带一个名为kernel.cu的初始文件,从项目中删除这个文件。</p></li>
+<li><p>添加这个文件:src/core/tensor/math_kernel.cu。</p></li>
+<li><p>在项目设置中。</p>
+<ul>
+<li>将平台工具集设置为 "Visual Studio 2015 (v140)"</li>
+<li>将 "配置类型 "设置为 "静态库(.lib)"</li>
+<li>在include目录中,添加build/include。</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>建立singa-kernel项目</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="构建singa"></a><a href="#构建singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>构建singa</h4>
+<ul>
+<li><p>在singa项目中:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>将singa_wrap.obj添加到对象库中。</li>
+<li>将目标名称改为"_singa_wrap"。</li>
+<li>将目标扩展名为.pyd。</li>
+<li>将配置类型改为动态库(.dll)。</li>
+<li>到Additional Library Directories中添加python、openblas的路径。protobuf和glog库。</li>
+<li>同时添加singa-kernel、cnmem、cuda和cudnn的library path。</li>
+<li>到Additional Dependencies,并添加libopenblas.lib、libglog.lib和 libprotobuf.lib。</li>
+<li>另外还要添加:singa-kernel.lib、cnmem.lib、cudnn.lib、cuda.lib、cublas.lib。curand.lib和cudart.lib。</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>构建singa项目。</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="install-python-module"></a><a href="#install-python-module" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Install Python module</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><p>将 build/python/setup.py 中的 _singa_wrap.so 改为 _singa_wrap.pyd。</p></li>
+<li><p>将 src/proto/python_out 中的文件复制到 build/python/singa/proto 中。</p></li>
+<li><p>(可选) 创建并激活虚拟环境:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir SingaEnv
+virtualenv SingaEnv
+SingaEnv\Scripts\activate
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>进入build/python文件夹,运行:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python setup.py install
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>将 _singa_wrap.pyd, libglog.dll, libopenblas.dll, cnmem.dll, CUDA Runtime (例如 cudart64_91.dll) 和 cuDNN (例如 cudnn64_7.dll) 添加到路径中,或者将它们复制到 python site-packages 中的 singa package 文件夹中。</p></li>
+<li><p>通过运行如下命令来验证SINGA是否已经安装:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python -c "from singa import device; dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()"
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<p>这个部分的视频教程可以在这里找到:</p>
+<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YasKVjRtuDs"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YasKVjRtuDs/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="运行单元测试-1"></a><a href="#运行单元测试-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>运行单元测试</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><p>在测试文件夹中,生成Visual Studio解决方案:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>在Visual Studio中打开生成的解决方案,或者将项目添加到步骤5.2中创建的singa解决方案中。</p></li>
+<li><p>将build settings改为Release和x64。</p></li>
+<li><p>构建 glog 项目。</p></li>
+<li><p>在test_singa项目中:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>将 USE_GLOG; USE_CUDA; USE_CUDNN 添加到Preprocessor Definitions中。</li>
+<li>在 Additional Include Directories 中, 添加上面 5.2 中使用的 GLOG_INCLUDE_DIR、 CBLAS_INCLUDE_DIR 和 Protobuf_INCLUDE_DIR 的路径。同时添加build、build/include、CUDA和cuDNN的include文件夹。</li>
+<li>转到Additional Library Directories,添加openblas、protobuf和glog库的路径。同时添加 build/src/singa_objects.dir/Release、singa-kernel、cnmem、CUDA 和 cuDNN 库的路径。</li>
+<li>在Additional Dependencies中添加libopenblas.lib; libglog.lib; libprotobuf.lib; cnmem.lib; cudnn.lib; cuda.lib; cublas.lib; curand.lib; cudart.lib; singa-kernel.lib。修正两个库的名字:gtest.lib和singa_objects.lib。</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>构建.</p></li>
+<li><p>将libglog.dll、libopenblas.dll、cnmem.dll、cudart64_91.dll和cudnn64_7.dll添加到路径中,或将它们复制到test/release文件夹中,使其可用。</p></li>
+<li><p>单元测试可以通过如下方式执行:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>从命令行:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">test_singa.exe
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>从 Visual Studio:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>右键点击test_singa项目,选择 'Set as StartUp Project'.</li>
+<li>从Debug菜单,选择 'Start Without Debugging'</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>运行单元测试的视频教程可以在这里找到:</p>
+<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOjwtrvTPn4"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YOjwtrvTPn4/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#安装依赖项">安装依赖项</a></li><li><a href="#构建singa源代码">构建SINGA源代码</a></li><li><a href="#安装python模块">安装python模块</a></li><li><a href="#运行单元测试">运行单元测试</a></li><li><a href="#构建包含cuda的gpu支持">构建包含cuda的GPU支持</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#安装依赖项-1">安装依赖项</a></li><li><a href="#构建singa源代码-1">构建SINGA源代码</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#运行单元测试-1">运行单元测试</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="使用pip"></a><a href="#使用pip" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>使用pip</h2>
+<p>推荐使用<a href="https://conda.io/miniconda.html">Miniconda3</a>来配合SINGA使用,安装miniconda后,执行以下命令之一安装SINGA。</p>
+<ol>
+<li>只使用CPU
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/17RA056Brwk0vBQTFaZ-l9EbqwADO0NA9?usp=sharing"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">pip install singa -f http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-cpu.html --trusted-host singa.apache.org
+</code></pre>
+<p>您可以通过<code>singa==<version></code>安装特定版本的SINGA,其中<code><version></code>字段应被替换,例如<code>4.0.0</code>。可用的SINGA版本在链接中列出。</p>
+<p>要安装最新的开发版本,请将链接替换为
+<a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-cpu-dev.html">http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-cpu-dev.html</a></p>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>使用CUDA和cuDNN的GPU
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1W30IPCqj5fG8ADAQsFqclaCLyIclVcJL?usp=sharing"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">pip install singa -f http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-gpu.html --trusted-host singa.apache.org
+</code></pre>
+<p>您也可以配置SINGA版本和CUDA版本,比如<code>singa==4.0.0+cuda10.2</code>,SINGA版本和CUDA版本的可用组合在链接中列出。</p>
+<p>要安装最新的开发版本,请将链接替换为
+<a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-gpu-dev.html">http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-gpu-dev.html</a></p>
+<p>注意:你本地Python环境的Python版本将被用来寻找相应的wheel包。例如,如果你本地的Python是3.6,那么就会通过pip选择在Python 3.6上编译的wheel包并安装。事实上,wheel文件的名称包括SINGA版本、CUDA版本和Python版本。因此,<code>pip</code>知道要下载和安装哪个wheel文件。</p>
+<p>参考setup.py文件顶部的注释,了解如何构建wheel包。</p>
+<p>如果运行以下命令没有报错:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python -c <span class="hljs-string">"from singa import tensor"</span></span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>那么SINGA就安装成功了。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="使用docker"></a><a href="#使用docker" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>使用Docker</h2>
+<p>按照<a href="https://docs.docker.com/install/">说明</a>在你的本地主机上安装Docker。将您的用户添加到<a href="https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/linux-postinstall/">docker组</a>中,以便在没有<code>sudo</code>的情况下运行docker命令。</p>
+<ol>
+<li>仅使用CPU</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> docker run -it apache/singa:X.Y.Z-cpu-ubuntu16.04 /bin/bash</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>要使用GPU,在安装Docker后安装
+<a href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker">Nvidia-Docker</a></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> nvidia-docker run -it apache/singa:X.Y.Z-cuda9.0-cudnn7.4.2-ubuntu16.04 /bin/bash</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>关于SINGA Docker镜像(标签)的完整列表,请访问<a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/apache/singa/">docker hub site</a>。对于每个docker镜像,标签的命名为:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">version-(cpu|gpu)[-devel]
+</code></pre>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Tag</th><th>Description</th><th>Example value</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><code>version</code></td><td>SINGA version</td><td>'2.0.0-rc0', '2.0.0', '1.2.0'</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>cpu</code></td><td>the image cannot run on GPUs</td><td>'cpu'</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>gpu</code></td><td>the image can run on Nvidia GPUs</td><td>'gpu', or 'cudax.x-cudnnx.x' e.g., 'cuda10.0-cudnn7.3'</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>devel</code></td><td>indicator for development</td><td>if absent, SINGA Python package is installed for runtime only; if present, the building environment is also created, you can recompile SINGA from source at '/root/singa'</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>OS</code></td><td>indicate OS version number</td><td>'ubuntu16.04', 'ubuntu18.04'</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="从源码编译"></a><a href="#从源码编译" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>从源码编译</h2>
+<p>您可以使用本地构建工具或conda-build在本地主机操作系统上或在Docker容器中从源代码<a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/build">构建和安装SINGA</a>。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="faq"></a><a href="#faq" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>FAQ</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: <code>from singa import tensor</code>错误</p>
+<p>A: 执行下面的命令,检查详细的错误:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python -c "from singa import _singa_wrap"
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> go to the folder of _singa_wrap.so</span>
+ldd path to _singa_wrap.so
+python
+<span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash">> import importlib</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash">> importlib.import_module(<span class="hljs-string">'_singa_wrap'</span>)</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>_singa_wrap.so</code> 的文件夹是 <code>~/miniconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/singa</code>。通常情况下,这个错误是由于依赖的库不匹配或缺失造成的,例如 cuDNN 或 protobuf。解决方法是创建一个新的虚拟环境,并在该环境中安装SINGA,例如:</p></li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda create -n singa
+conda activate singa
+conda install -c nusdbsystem -c conda-forge singa-cpu
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: 使用虚拟环境时,每次安装SINGA时,都会重新安装numpy。但是,当我运行<code>import numpy</code>时,numpy没有被使用。</p>
+<p>A:
+这可能是由<code>PYTHONPATH</code>环境变量引起的,在使用虚拟环境时,应将其设置为空,以避免与虚拟环境的路径冲突。</p></li>
+<li><p>Q: 当我在Mac OS X中运行SINGA时,得到如下错误 "Fatal Python error:
+PyThreadState_Get: no current thread Abort trap: 6"</p>
+<p>A: 这个错误通常发生在系统中有多个 Python 版本的时候,例如,操作系统自带的版本和 Homebrew 安装的版本。SINGA链接的Python必须与Python解释器相同。您可以通过<code>which python</code>来检查解释器python版本并通过<code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code> 检查 SINGA 链接的 Python,如果通过conda安装SINGA,这个问题应该可以解决。</p></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#使用pip">使用pip</a></li><li><a href="#使用docker">使用Docker</a></li><li><a href="#从源码编译">从源码编译</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
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+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="使用pip"></a><a href="#使用pip" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>使用pip</h2>
+<p>推荐使用<a href="https://conda.io/miniconda.html">Miniconda3</a>来配合SINGA使用,安装miniconda后,执行以下命令之一安装SINGA。</p>
+<ol>
+<li>只使用CPU
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/17RA056Brwk0vBQTFaZ-l9EbqwADO0NA9?usp=sharing"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">pip install singa -f http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-cpu.html --trusted-host singa.apache.org
+</code></pre>
+<p>您可以通过<code>singa==<version></code>安装特定版本的SINGA,其中<code><version></code>字段应被替换,例如<code>4.0.0</code>。可用的SINGA版本在链接中列出。</p>
+<p>要安装最新的开发版本,请将链接替换为
+<a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-cpu-dev.html">http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-cpu-dev.html</a></p>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>使用CUDA和cuDNN的GPU
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1W30IPCqj5fG8ADAQsFqclaCLyIclVcJL?usp=sharing"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">pip install singa -f http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-gpu.html --trusted-host singa.apache.org
+</code></pre>
+<p>您也可以配置SINGA版本和CUDA版本,比如<code>singa==4.0.0+cuda10.2</code>,SINGA版本和CUDA版本的可用组合在链接中列出。</p>
+<p>要安装最新的开发版本,请将链接替换为
+<a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-gpu-dev.html">http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-gpu-dev.html</a></p>
+<p>注意:你本地Python环境的Python版本将被用来寻找相应的wheel包。例如,如果你本地的Python是3.6,那么就会通过pip选择在Python 3.6上编译的wheel包并安装。事实上,wheel文件的名称包括SINGA版本、CUDA版本和Python版本。因此,<code>pip</code>知道要下载和安装哪个wheel文件。</p>
+<p>参考setup.py文件顶部的注释,了解如何构建wheel包。</p>
+<p>如果运行以下命令没有报错:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python -c <span class="hljs-string">"from singa import tensor"</span></span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>那么SINGA就安装成功了。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="使用docker"></a><a href="#使用docker" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>使用Docker</h2>
+<p>按照<a href="https://docs.docker.com/install/">说明</a>在你的本地主机上安装Docker。将您的用户添加到<a href="https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/linux-postinstall/">docker组</a>中,以便在没有<code>sudo</code>的情况下运行docker命令。</p>
+<ol>
+<li>仅使用CPU</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> docker run -it apache/singa:X.Y.Z-cpu-ubuntu16.04 /bin/bash</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>要使用GPU,在安装Docker后安装
+<a href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker">Nvidia-Docker</a></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> nvidia-docker run -it apache/singa:X.Y.Z-cuda9.0-cudnn7.4.2-ubuntu16.04 /bin/bash</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>关于SINGA Docker镜像(标签)的完整列表,请访问<a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/apache/singa/">docker hub site</a>。对于每个docker镜像,标签的命名为:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">version-(cpu|gpu)[-devel]
+</code></pre>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Tag</th><th>Description</th><th>Example value</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><code>version</code></td><td>SINGA version</td><td>'2.0.0-rc0', '2.0.0', '1.2.0'</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>cpu</code></td><td>the image cannot run on GPUs</td><td>'cpu'</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>gpu</code></td><td>the image can run on Nvidia GPUs</td><td>'gpu', or 'cudax.x-cudnnx.x' e.g., 'cuda10.0-cudnn7.3'</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>devel</code></td><td>indicator for development</td><td>if absent, SINGA Python package is installed for runtime only; if present, the building environment is also created, you can recompile SINGA from source at '/root/singa'</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>OS</code></td><td>indicate OS version number</td><td>'ubuntu16.04', 'ubuntu18.04'</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="从源码编译"></a><a href="#从源码编译" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>从源码编译</h2>
+<p>您可以使用本地构建工具或conda-build在本地主机操作系统上或在Docker容器中从源代码<a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/build">构建和安装SINGA</a>。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="faq"></a><a href="#faq" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>FAQ</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: <code>from singa import tensor</code>错误</p>
+<p>A: 执行下面的命令,检查详细的错误:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python -c "from singa import _singa_wrap"
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> go to the folder of _singa_wrap.so</span>
+ldd path to _singa_wrap.so
+python
+<span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash">> import importlib</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash">> importlib.import_module(<span class="hljs-string">'_singa_wrap'</span>)</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>_singa_wrap.so</code> 的文件夹是 <code>~/miniconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/singa</code>。通常情况下,这个错误是由于依赖的库不匹配或缺失造成的,例如 cuDNN 或 protobuf。解决方法是创建一个新的虚拟环境,并在该环境中安装SINGA,例如:</p></li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda create -n singa
+conda activate singa
+conda install -c nusdbsystem -c conda-forge singa-cpu
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: 使用虚拟环境时,每次安装SINGA时,都会重新安装numpy。但是,当我运行<code>import numpy</code>时,numpy没有被使用。</p>
+<p>A:
+这可能是由<code>PYTHONPATH</code>环境变量引起的,在使用虚拟环境时,应将其设置为空,以避免与虚拟环境的路径冲突。</p></li>
+<li><p>Q: 当我在Mac OS X中运行SINGA时,得到如下错误 "Fatal Python error:
+PyThreadState_Get: no current thread Abort trap: 6"</p>
+<p>A: 这个错误通常发生在系统中有多个 Python 版本的时候,例如,操作系统自带的版本和 Homebrew 安装的版本。SINGA链接的Python必须与Python解释器相同。您可以通过<code>which python</code>来检查解释器python版本并通过<code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code> 检查 SINGA 链接的 Python,如果通过conda安装SINGA,这个问题应该可以解决。</p></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#使用pip">使用pip</a></li><li><a href="#使用docker">使用Docker</a></li><li><a href="#从源码编译">从源码编译</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
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+<p>SINGA使用<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/singa">JIRA</a>来管理问题,包括bug、新功能和讨论。</p>
+<p>我们现在正在转移到<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/issues">Github Issues</a>。</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/issue-tracking/index.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/issue-tracking/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec1ad1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/issue-tracking/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
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+<p>SINGA使用<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/singa">JIRA</a>来管理问题,包括bug、新功能和讨论。</p>
+<p>我们现在正在转移到<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/issues">Github Issues</a>。</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+ search && search.focus();
+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/mail-lists.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/mail-lists.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ff4e1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/mail-lists.html
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Project Mailing Lists · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Chinese"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Project Mailing Lists · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ }
+ });
+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/mail-lists.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Project Mailing Lists</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>这些是为这个项目建立的邮件列表。每个列表都有一个订阅、退订和归档链接:</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Name</th><th>Post</th><th>Subscribe</th><th>Unsubscribe</th><th>Archive</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Development</td><td><a href="mailto:dev@singa.incubator.apache.org">dev@singa.incubator.apache.org</a></td><td><a href="mailto:dev-subscribe@singa.incubator.apache.org">Subscribe</a></td><td><a href="mailto:dev-unsubscribe@singa.incubator.apache.org.">Unsubscribe</a></td><td><a href="http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/singa-dev/">mail-archives.apache.org</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Commits</td><td><a href="mailto:commits@singa.incubator.apache.org">commits@singa.incubator.apache.org</a></td><td><a href="mailto:commits-subscribe@singa.incubator.apache.org">Subscribe</a></td><td><a href="mailto:commits-unsubscribe@singa.incubator.apache.org">Unsubscribe</a></td><td><a href="http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/singa-commits/">mail-archives.apache.org</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Security</td><td><a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">security@singa.apache.org</a></td><td>private</td><td>private</td><td>private</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/source-repository"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Source Repository</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/issue-tracking"><span>Issue Tracking</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
+ if (e.target !== document.body) {
+ return;
+ }
+ // keyCode for '/' (slash)
+ if (e.keyCode === 191) {
+ const search = document.getElementById('search_input_react');
+ search && search.focus();
+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
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+ indexName: 'apache_singa',
+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
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+ });
+ </script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/mail-lists/index.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/mail-lists/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ff4e1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/mail-lists/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Project Mailing Lists · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Chinese"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Project Mailing Lists · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Chinese</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Community</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Community</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/source-repository">Source Repository</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/mail-lists">Project Mailing Lists</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/issue-tracking">Issue Tracking</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/security">Security</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/team-list">The SINGA Team</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/history-singa">History of SINGA</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Wheel Package</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu">CPU only</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu-dev">CPU only (dev version)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-gpu">CUDA enabled</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-gpu-dev">CUDA enabled (dev version)</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+ createToggler('#navToggler', '#docsNav', 'docsSliderActive');
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+ event.preventDefault();
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+ target.classList.toggle(className);
+ };
+ }
+ });
+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/mail-lists.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Project Mailing Lists</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>这些是为这个项目建立的邮件列表。每个列表都有一个订阅、退订和归档链接:</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Name</th><th>Post</th><th>Subscribe</th><th>Unsubscribe</th><th>Archive</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Development</td><td><a href="mailto:dev@singa.incubator.apache.org">dev@singa.incubator.apache.org</a></td><td><a href="mailto:dev-subscribe@singa.incubator.apache.org">Subscribe</a></td><td><a href="mailto:dev-unsubscribe@singa.incubator.apache.org.">Unsubscribe</a></td><td><a href="http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/singa-dev/">mail-archives.apache.org</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Commits</td><td><a href="mailto:commits@singa.incubator.apache.org">commits@singa.incubator.apache.org</a></td><td><a href="mailto:commits-subscribe@singa.incubator.apache.org">Subscribe</a></td><td><a href="mailto:commits-unsubscribe@singa.incubator.apache.org">Unsubscribe</a></td><td><a href="http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/singa-commits/">mail-archives.apache.org</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Security</td><td><a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">security@singa.apache.org</a></td><td>private</td><td>private</td><td>private</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/source-repository"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Source Repository</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/issue-tracking"><span>Issue Tracking</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
+ if (e.target !== document.body) {
+ return;
+ }
+ // keyCode for '/' (slash)
+ if (e.keyCode === 191) {
+ const search = document.getElementById('search_input_react');
+ search && search.focus();
+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
+ apiKey: '45202133606c0b5fa6d21cddc4725dd8',
+ indexName: 'apache_singa',
+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
+ algoliaOptions: {"facetFilters":["language:en","version:3.0.0"]}
+ });
+ </script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/onnx.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/onnx.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fbde56a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/onnx.html
@@ -0,0 +1,686 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>ONNX · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Chinese"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="ONNX · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/onnx.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">ONNX</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p><a href="https://onnx.ai/">ONNX</a> 是机器学习模型的开放表示格式,它使AI开发人员能够在不同的库和工具中使用模型。SINGA支持加载ONNX格式模型用于训练和inference,并将使用SINGA API(如<a href="./module">Module</a>)定义的模型保存为ONNX格式。</p>
+<p>SINGA在以下<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Versioning.md">版本</a>中的ONNX中测试过。</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>ONNX version</th><th>File format version</th><th>Opset version ai.onnx</th><th>Opset version ai.onnx.ml</th><th>Opset version ai.onnx.training</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>1.6.0</td><td>6</td><td>11</td><td>2</td><td>-</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="通常用法"></a><a href="#通常用法" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>通常用法</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="从onnx中读取一个model到singa"></a><a href="#从onnx中读取一个model到singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>从ONNX中读取一个Model到SINGA</h3>
+<p>在通过 <code>onnx.load</code> 从磁盘加载 ONNX 模型后,您需要更新模型的batch_size,因为对于大多数模型来说,它们使用一个占位符来表示其批处理量。我们在这里举一个例子,若要 <code>update_batch_size</code>,你只需要更新输入和输出的 batch_size,内部的 tensors 的形状会自动推断出来。</p>
+<p>然后,您可以使用 <code>sonnx.prepare</code> 来准备 SINGA 模型。该函数将 ONNX 模型图中的所有节点迭代并翻译成 SINGA 运算符,加载所有存储的权重并推断每个中间张量的形状。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3"><span class="hljs-built_in">import</span> onnx
+from singa <span class="hljs-built_in">import</span> device
+from singa <span class="hljs-built_in">import</span> sonnx
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># if the input has multiple tensors? can put this function inside prepare()?</span>
+def update_batch_size(onnx_model, batch_size):
+ <span class="hljs-attr">model_input</span> = onnx_model.graph.input[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+ model_input.type.tensor_type.shape.dim[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].<span class="hljs-attr">dim_value</span> = batch_size
+ <span class="hljs-attr">model_output</span> = onnx_model.graph.output[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+ model_output.type.tensor_type.shape.dim[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].<span class="hljs-attr">dim_value</span> = batch_size
+ return onnx_model
+
+
+<span class="hljs-attr">model_path</span> = <span class="hljs-string">"PATH/To/ONNX/MODEL"</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">onnx_model</span> = onnx.load(model_path)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># set batch size</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">onnx_model</span> = update_batch_size(onnx_model, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># convert onnx graph nodes into SINGA operators</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">dev</span> = device.create_cuda_gpu()
+<span class="hljs-attr">sg_ir</span> = sonnx.prepare(onnx_model, <span class="hljs-attr">device=dev)</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="inference-singa模型"></a><a href="#inference-singa模型" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Inference SINGA模型</h3>
+<p>一旦创建了模型,就可以通过调用<code>sg_ir.run</code>进行inference。输入和输出必须是SINGA Tensor实例,由于SINGA模型以列表形式返回输出,如果只有一个输出,你只需要从输出中取第一个元素即可。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3"><span class="hljs-comment"># can warp the following code in prepare()</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># and provide a flag training=True/False?</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Infer</span>:</span>
+
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, sg_ir)</span></span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.sg_ir = sg_ir
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, x)</span></span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> sg_ir.run([x])[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+
+
+data = get_dataset()
+x = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=data)
+
+model = Infer(sg_ir)
+y = model.forward(x)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="将singa模型保存成onnx格式"></a><a href="#将singa模型保存成onnx格式" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>将SINGA模型保存成ONNX格式</h3>
+<p>给定输入时序和输出时序,由运算符产生的模型,你可以追溯所有内部操作。因此,一个SINGA模型是由输入和输出张量定义的,要将 SINGA 模型导出为 ONNX 格式,您只需提供输入和输出张量列表。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3"># <span class="hljs-symbol">x</span> is the input tensor, <span class="hljs-symbol">y</span> is the output tensor
+sonnx.to_onnx([<span class="hljs-symbol">x</span>], [<span class="hljs-symbol">y</span>])
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="在onnx模型上重新训练"></a><a href="#在onnx模型上重新训练" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>在ONNX模型上重新训练</h3>
+<p>要使用 SINGA 训练(或改进)ONNX 模型,您需要设置内部的张量为可训练状态:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Infer</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, sg_ir)</span>:</span>
+ self.sg_ir = sg_ir
+ <span class="hljs-comment">## can wrap these codes in sonnx?</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> idx, tens <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> sg_ir.tensor_map.items():
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># allow the tensors to be updated</span>
+ tens.requires_grad = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+ tens.stores_grad = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> sg_ir.run([x])[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+
+autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">False</span>
+model = Infer(sg_ir)
+
+autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># then you training the model like normal</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># give more details??</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="在onnx模型上做迁移学习"></a><a href="#在onnx模型上做迁移学习" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>在ONNX模型上做迁移学习</h3>
+<p>您也可以在ONNX模型的最后附加一些图层来进行转移学习。<code>last_layers</code> 意味着您从 [0, last_layers] 切断 ONNX 层。然后您可以通过普通的SINGA模型附加更多的层。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3">class Trans:
+
+ def __init__(<span class="hljs-literal">self</span>, sg_ir, last_layers):
+ <span class="hljs-literal">self</span>.sg_ir = sg_ir
+ <span class="hljs-literal">self</span>.last_layers = last_layers
+ <span class="hljs-literal">self</span>.append_linear1 = autograd.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">500</span>, <span class="hljs-number">128</span>, bias=False)
+ <span class="hljs-literal">self</span>.append_linear2 = autograd.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">128</span>, <span class="hljs-number">32</span>, bias=False)
+ <span class="hljs-literal">self</span>.append_linear3 = autograd.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>, bias=False)
+
+ def forward(<span class="hljs-literal">self</span>, <span class="hljs-symbol">x</span>):
+ <span class="hljs-symbol">y</span> = sg_ir.run([<span class="hljs-symbol">x</span>], last_layers=<span class="hljs-literal">self</span>.last_layers)[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+ <span class="hljs-symbol">y</span> = <span class="hljs-literal">self</span>.append_linear1(<span class="hljs-symbol">y</span>)
+ <span class="hljs-symbol">y</span> = autograd.relu(<span class="hljs-symbol">y</span>)
+ <span class="hljs-symbol">y</span> = <span class="hljs-literal">self</span>.append_linear2(<span class="hljs-symbol">y</span>)
+ <span class="hljs-symbol">y</span> = autograd.relu(<span class="hljs-symbol">y</span>)
+ <span class="hljs-symbol">y</span> = <span class="hljs-literal">self</span>.append_linear3(<span class="hljs-symbol">y</span>)
+ <span class="hljs-symbol">y</span> = autograd.relu(<span class="hljs-symbol">y</span>)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">y</span>
+
+autograd.training = False
+model = Trans(sg_ir, <span class="hljs-number">-1</span>)
+
+# <span class="hljs-keyword">then</span> you training the model like normal
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="一个完整示例"></a><a href="#一个完整示例" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>一个完整示例</h2>
+<p>本部分以mnist为例,介绍SINGA ONNX的使用方法。在这部分,将展示如何导出、加载、inference、再训练和迁移学习 mnist 模型的例子。您可以在<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1-YOfQqqw3HNhS8WpB8xjDQYutRdUdmCq">这里</a>试用这部分内容。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="读取数据集"></a><a href="#读取数据集" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>读取数据集</h3>
+<p>首先,你需要导入一些必要的库,并定义一些辅助函数来下载和预处理数据集:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> os
+<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> urllib.request
+<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> gzip
+<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> numpy <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> np
+<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> codecs
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> device
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensor
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> autograd
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> sonnx
+<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> onnx
+
+
+<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">load_dataset</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>:</span>
+ train_x_url = <span class="hljs-string">'http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/train-images-idx3-ubyte.gz'</span>
+ train_y_url = <span class="hljs-string">'http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/train-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz'</span>
+ valid_x_url = <span class="hljs-string">'http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/t10k-images-idx3-ubyte.gz'</span>
+ valid_y_url = <span class="hljs-string">'http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/t10k-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz'</span>
+ train_x = read_image_file(check_exist_or_download(train_x_url)).astype(
+ np.float32)
+ train_y = read_label_file(check_exist_or_download(train_y_url)).astype(
+ np.float32)
+ valid_x = read_image_file(check_exist_or_download(valid_x_url)).astype(
+ np.float32)
+ valid_y = read_label_file(check_exist_or_download(valid_y_url)).astype(
+ np.float32)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> train_x, train_y, valid_x, valid_y
+
+
+<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">check_exist_or_download</span><span class="hljs-params">(url)</span>:</span>
+
+ download_dir = <span class="hljs-string">'/tmp/'</span>
+
+ name = url.rsplit(<span class="hljs-string">'/'</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>)[<span class="hljs-number">-1</span>]
+ filename = os.path.join(download_dir, name)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> os.path.isfile(filename):
+ print(<span class="hljs-string">"Downloading %s"</span> % url)
+ urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, filename)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> filename
+
+
+<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">read_label_file</span><span class="hljs-params">(path)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> gzip.open(path, <span class="hljs-string">'rb'</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> f:
+ data = f.read()
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">assert</span> get_int(data[:<span class="hljs-number">4</span>]) == <span class="hljs-number">2049</span>
+ length = get_int(data[<span class="hljs-number">4</span>:<span class="hljs-number">8</span>])
+ parsed = np.frombuffer(data, dtype=np.uint8, offset=<span class="hljs-number">8</span>).reshape(
+ (length))
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> parsed
+
+
+<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">get_int</span><span class="hljs-params">(b)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> int(codecs.encode(b, <span class="hljs-string">'hex'</span>), <span class="hljs-number">16</span>)
+
+
+<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">read_image_file</span><span class="hljs-params">(path)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> gzip.open(path, <span class="hljs-string">'rb'</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> f:
+ data = f.read()
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">assert</span> get_int(data[:<span class="hljs-number">4</span>]) == <span class="hljs-number">2051</span>
+ length = get_int(data[<span class="hljs-number">4</span>:<span class="hljs-number">8</span>])
+ num_rows = get_int(data[<span class="hljs-number">8</span>:<span class="hljs-number">12</span>])
+ num_cols = get_int(data[<span class="hljs-number">12</span>:<span class="hljs-number">16</span>])
+ parsed = np.frombuffer(data, dtype=np.uint8, offset=<span class="hljs-number">16</span>).reshape(
+ (length, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, num_rows, num_cols))
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> parsed
+
+
+<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">to_categorical</span><span class="hljs-params">(y, num_classes)</span>:</span>
+ y = np.array(y, dtype=<span class="hljs-string">"int"</span>)
+ n = y.shape[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+ categorical = np.zeros((n, num_classes))
+ categorical[np.arange(n), y] = <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
+ categorical = categorical.astype(np.float32)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> categorical
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="mnist模型"></a><a href="#mnist模型" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>MNIST模型</h3>
+<p>然后你可以定义一个叫做<strong>CNN</strong>的类来构造mnist模型,这个模型由几个卷积层、池化层、全连接层和relu层组成。你也可以定义一个函数来计算我们结果的<strong>准确性</strong>。最后,你可以定义一个<strong>训练函数</strong>和一个<strong>测试函数</strong>来处理训练和预测的过程。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">CNN</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self)</span>:</span>
+ self.conv1 = autograd.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.conv2 = autograd.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">50</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.linear1 = autograd.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">4</span> * <span class="hljs-number">4</span> * <span class="hljs-number">50</span>, <span class="hljs-number">500</span>, bias=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+ self.linear2 = autograd.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">500</span>, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>, bias=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+ self.pooling1 = autograd.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.pooling2 = autograd.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x)</span>:</span>
+ y = self.conv1(x)
+ y = autograd.relu(y)
+ y = self.pooling1(y)
+ y = self.conv2(y)
+ y = autograd.relu(y)
+ y = self.pooling2(y)
+ y = autograd.flatten(y)
+ y = self.linear1(y)
+ y = autograd.relu(y)
+ y = self.linear2(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+
+<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">accuracy</span><span class="hljs-params">(pred, target)</span>:</span>
+ y = np.argmax(pred, axis=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+ t = np.argmax(target, axis=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+ a = y == t
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> np.array(a, <span class="hljs-string">"int"</span>).sum() / float(len(t))
+
+
+<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train</span><span class="hljs-params">(model,
+ x,
+ y,
+ epochs=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>,
+ batch_size=<span class="hljs-number">64</span>,
+ dev=device.get_default_device<span class="hljs-params">()</span>)</span>:</span>
+ batch_number = x.shape[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] // batch_size
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(epochs):
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(batch_number):
+ l_idx = b * batch_size
+ r_idx = (b + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * batch_size
+
+ x_batch = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=x[l_idx:r_idx])
+ target_batch = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=y[l_idx:r_idx])
+
+ output_batch = model.forward(x_batch)
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># onnx_model = sonnx.to_onnx([x_batch], [y])</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># print('The model is:\n{}'.format(onnx_model))</span>
+
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(output_batch, target_batch)
+ accuracy_rate = accuracy(tensor.to_numpy(output_batch),
+ tensor.to_numpy(target_batch))
+
+ sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p, gp <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> autograd.backward(loss):
+ sgd.update(p, gp)
+ sgd.step()
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> b % <span class="hljs-number">1e2</span> == <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
+ print(<span class="hljs-string">"acc %6.2f loss, %6.2f"</span> %
+ (accuracy_rate, tensor.to_numpy(loss)[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]))
+ print(<span class="hljs-string">"training completed"</span>)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> x_batch, output_batch
+
+<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">test</span><span class="hljs-params">(model, x, y, batch_size=<span class="hljs-number">64</span>, dev=device.get_default_device<span class="hljs-params">()</span>)</span>:</span>
+ batch_number = x.shape[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] // batch_size
+
+ result = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(batch_number):
+ l_idx = b * batch_size
+ r_idx = (b + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * batch_size
+
+ x_batch = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=x[l_idx:r_idx])
+ target_batch = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=y[l_idx:r_idx])
+
+ output_batch = model.forward(x_batch)
+ result += accuracy(tensor.to_numpy(output_batch),
+ tensor.to_numpy(target_batch))
+
+ print(<span class="hljs-string">"testing acc %6.2f"</span> % (result / batch_number))
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="训练mnist模型并将其导出到onnx"></a><a href="#训练mnist模型并将其导出到onnx" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>训练mnist模型并将其导出到onnx</h3>
+<p>现在,你可以通过调用 <strong>soonx.to_onnx</strong> 函数来训练 mnist 模型并导出其 onnx 模型。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">make_onnx</span><span class="hljs-params">(x, y)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> sonnx.to_onnx([x], [y])
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># create device</span>
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()
+<span class="hljs-comment">#dev = device.get_default_device()</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># create model</span>
+model = CNN()
+<span class="hljs-comment"># load data</span>
+train_x, train_y, valid_x, valid_y = load_dataset()
+<span class="hljs-comment"># normalization</span>
+train_x = train_x / <span class="hljs-number">255</span>
+valid_x = valid_x / <span class="hljs-number">255</span>
+train_y = to_categorical(train_y, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>)
+valid_y = to_categorical(valid_y, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># do training</span>
+autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+x, y = train(model, train_x, train_y, dev=dev)
+onnx_model = make_onnx(x, y)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># print('The model is:\n{}'.format(onnx_model))</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># Save the ONNX model</span>
+model_path = os.path.join(<span class="hljs-string">'/'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'tmp'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'mnist.onnx'</span>)
+onnx.save(onnx_model, model_path)
+print(<span class="hljs-string">'The model is saved.'</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="inference"></a><a href="#inference" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Inference</h3>
+<p>导出onnx模型后,可以在'/tmp'目录下找到一个名为<strong>mnist.onnx</strong>的文件,这个模型可以被其他库导入。现在,如果你想把这个onnx模型再次导入到singa中,并使用验证数据集进行推理,你可以定义一个叫做<strong>Infer</strong>的类,Infer的前向函数将被测试函数调用,对验证数据集进行推理。此外,你应该把训练的标签设置为<strong>False</strong>,以固定自变量算子的梯度。</p>
+<p>在导入onnx模型时,需要先调用<strong>onnx.load</strong>来加载onnx模型。然后将onnx模型输入到 <strong>soonx.prepare</strong>中进行解析,并启动到一个singa模型(代码中的<strong>sg_ir</strong>)。sg_ir里面包含了一个singa图,然后就可以通过输入到它的run函数中运行一步推理。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Infer</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, sg_ir)</span>:</span>
+ self.sg_ir = sg_ir
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> idx, tens <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> sg_ir.tensor_map.items():
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># allow the tensors to be updated</span>
+ tens.requires_grad = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+ tens.stores_grad= <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+ sg_ir.tensor_map[idx] = tens
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> sg_ir.run([x])[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] <span class="hljs-comment"># we can run one step of inference by feeding input</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># load the ONNX model</span>
+onnx_model = onnx.load(model_path)
+sg_ir = sonnx.prepare(onnx_model, device=dev) <span class="hljs-comment"># parse and initiate to a singa model</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># inference</span>
+autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">False</span>
+print(<span class="hljs-string">'The inference result is:'</span>)
+test(Infer(sg_ir), valid_x, valid_y, dev=dev)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="重训练"></a><a href="#重训练" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>重训练</h3>
+<p>假设导入模型后,想再次对模型进行重新训练,我们可以定义一个名为<strong>re_train</strong>的函数。在调用这个re_train函数之前,我们应该将训练的标签设置为<strong>True</strong>,以使自变量运算符更新其梯度。而在完成训练后,我们再将其设置为<strong>False</strong>,以调用做推理的测试函数。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">re_train</span><span class="hljs-params">(sg_ir,
+ x,
+ y,
+ epochs=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>,
+ batch_size=<span class="hljs-number">64</span>,
+ dev=device.get_default_device<span class="hljs-params">()</span>)</span>:</span>
+ batch_number = x.shape[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] // batch_size
+
+ new_model = Infer(sg_ir)
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(epochs):
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(batch_number):
+ l_idx = b * batch_size
+ r_idx = (b + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * batch_size
+
+ x_batch = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=x[l_idx:r_idx])
+ target_batch = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=y[l_idx:r_idx])
+
+ output_batch = new_model.forward(x_batch)
+
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(output_batch, target_batch)
+ accuracy_rate = accuracy(tensor.to_numpy(output_batch),
+ tensor.to_numpy(target_batch))
+
+ sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.01</span>)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p, gp <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> autograd.backward(loss):
+ sgd.update(p, gp)
+ sgd.step()
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> b % <span class="hljs-number">1e2</span> == <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
+ print(<span class="hljs-string">"acc %6.2f loss, %6.2f"</span> %
+ (accuracy_rate, tensor.to_numpy(loss)[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]))
+ print(<span class="hljs-string">"re-training completed"</span>)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> new_model
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># load the ONNX model</span>
+onnx_model = onnx.load(model_path)
+sg_ir = sonnx.prepare(onnx_model, device=dev)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># re-training</span>
+autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+new_model = re_train(sg_ir, train_x, train_y, dev=dev)
+autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">False</span>
+test(new_model, valid_x, valid_y, dev=dev)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="迁移学习"></a><a href="#迁移学习" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>迁移学习</h3>
+<p>最后,如果我们想做迁移学习,我们可以定义一个名为<strong>Trans</strong>的函数,在onnx模型后追加一些层。为了演示,代码中只在onnx模型后追加了几个线性(全连接)和relu。可以定义一个transfer_learning函数来处理transfer-learning模型的训练过程,而训练的标签和前面一个的一样。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Trans</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, sg_ir, last_layers)</span>:</span>
+ self.sg_ir = sg_ir
+ self.last_layers = last_layers
+ self.append_linear1 = autograd.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">500</span>, <span class="hljs-number">128</span>, bias=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+ self.append_linear2 = autograd.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">128</span>, <span class="hljs-number">32</span>, bias=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+ self.append_linear3 = autograd.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>, bias=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x)</span>:</span>
+ y = sg_ir.run([x], last_layers=self.last_layers)[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+ y = self.append_linear1(y)
+ y = autograd.relu(y)
+ y = self.append_linear2(y)
+ y = autograd.relu(y)
+ y = self.append_linear3(y)
+ y = autograd.relu(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">transfer_learning</span><span class="hljs-params">(sg_ir,
+ x,
+ y,
+ epochs=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>,
+ batch_size=<span class="hljs-number">64</span>,
+ dev=device.get_default_device<span class="hljs-params">()</span>)</span>:</span>
+ batch_number = x.shape[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] // batch_size
+
+ trans_model = Trans(sg_ir, <span class="hljs-number">-1</span>)
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(epochs):
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(batch_number):
+ l_idx = b * batch_size
+ r_idx = (b + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * batch_size
+
+ x_batch = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=x[l_idx:r_idx])
+ target_batch = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=y[l_idx:r_idx])
+ output_batch = trans_model.forward(x_batch)
+
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(output_batch, target_batch)
+ accuracy_rate = accuracy(tensor.to_numpy(output_batch),
+ tensor.to_numpy(target_batch))
+
+ sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.07</span>)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p, gp <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> autograd.backward(loss):
+ sgd.update(p, gp)
+ sgd.step()
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> b % <span class="hljs-number">1e2</span> == <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
+ print(<span class="hljs-string">"acc %6.2f loss, %6.2f"</span> %
+ (accuracy_rate, tensor.to_numpy(loss)[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]))
+ print(<span class="hljs-string">"transfer-learning completed"</span>)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> trans_mode
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># load the ONNX model</span>
+onnx_model = onnx.load(model_path)
+sg_ir = sonnx.prepare(onnx_model, device=dev)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># transfer-learning</span>
+autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+new_model = transfer_learning(sg_ir, train_x, train_y, dev=dev)
+autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">False</span>
+test(new_model, valid_x, valid_y, dev=dev)
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="onnx模型库"></a><a href="#onnx模型库" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>ONNX模型库</h2>
+<p><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models">ONNX 模型库</a>是由社区成员贡献的 ONNX 格式的预先训练的最先进模型的集合。SINGA 现在已经支持了几个 CV 和 NLP 模型。将来会支持更多模型。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="图像分类"></a><a href="#图像分类" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>图像分类</h3>
+<p>这套模型以图像作为输入,然后将图像中的主要物体分为1000个物体类别,如键盘、鼠标、铅笔和许多动物。</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model Class</th><th>Reference</th><th>Description</th><th>Link</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/mobilenet">MobileNet</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.04381">Sandler et al.</a></td><td>最适合移动和嵌入式视觉应用的轻量级深度神经网络。 <br>Top-5 error from paper - ~10%</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1HsixqJMIpKyEPhkbB8jy7NwNEFEAUWAf"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/resnet">ResNet18</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.03385">He et al.</a></td><td>一个CNN模型(多达152层),在对图像进行分类时,使用shortcut来实现更高的准确性。 <br> Top-5 error from paper - ~3.6%</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1u1RYefSsVbiP4I-5wiBKHjsT9L0FxLm9"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/vgg">VGG16</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.1556">Simonyan et al.</a></td><td>深度CNN模型(多达19层)。类似于AlexNet,但使用多个较小的内核大小的滤波器,在分类图像时提供更高的准确性。 <br>Top-5 error from paper - ~8%</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/14kxgRKtbjPCKKsDJVNi3AvTev81Gp_Ds"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/shufflenet">ShuffleNet_V2</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.01083.pdf">Simonyan et al.</a></td><td>专门为移动设备设计的计算效率极高的CNN模型。这种网络架构设计考虑了速度等直接指标,而不是FLOP等间接指标。 Top-1 error from paper - ~30.6%</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19HfRu3YHP_H2z3BcZujVFRp23_J5XsuA?usp=sharing"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="目标检测"></a><a href="#目标检测" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>目标检测</h3>
+<p>目标检测模型可以检测图像中是否存在多个对象,并将图像中检测到对象的区域分割出来。</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model Class</th><th>Reference</th><th>Description</th><th>Link</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/object_detection_segmentation/tiny_yolov2">Tiny YOLOv2</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1612.08242.pdf">Redmon et al.</a></td><td>一个用于目标检测的实时CNN,可以检测20个不同的类。一个更复杂的完整YOLOv2网络的小版本。</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/11V4I6cRjIJNUv5ZGsEGwqHuoQEie6b1T"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="面部识别"></a><a href="#面部识别" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>面部识别</h3>
+<p>人脸检测模型可以识别和/或识别给定图像中的人脸和情绪。</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model Class</th><th>Reference</th><th>Description</th><th>Link</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/body_analysis/arcface">ArcFace</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.07698">Deng et al.</a></td><td>一种基于CNN的人脸识别模型,它可以学习人脸的判别特征,并对输入的人脸图像进行分析。</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1qanaqUKGIDtifdzEzJOHjEj4kYzA9uJC"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/body_analysis/emotion_ferplus">Emotion FerPlus</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.01041">Barsoum et al.</a></td><td>基于人脸图像训练的情感识别深度CNN。</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1XHtBQGRhe58PDi4LGYJzYueWBeWbO23r"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="机器理解"></a><a href="#机器理解" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>机器理解</h3>
+<p>这个自然语言处理模型的子集,可以回答关于给定上下文段落的问题。</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model Class</th><th>Reference</th><th>Description</th><th>Link</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/text/machine_comprehension/bert-squad">BERT-Squad</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.04805.pdf">Devlin et al.</a></td><td>该模型根据给定输入段落的上下文回答问题。</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1kud-lUPjS_u-TkDAzihBTw0Vqr0FjCE-"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/text/machine_comprehension/roberta">RoBERTa</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.11692.pdf">Devlin et al.</a></td><td>一个基于大型变换器的模型,根据给定的输入文本预测情感。</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1F-c4LJSx3Cb2jW6tP7f8nAZDigyLH6iN?usp=sharing"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/text/machine_comprehension/gpt-2">GPT-2</a></b></td><td><a href="https://d4mucfpksywv.cloudfront.net/better-language-models/language_models_are_unsupervised_multitask_learners.pdf">Devlin et al.</a></td><td>一个基于大型变换器的语言模型,给定一些文本中的单词序列,预测下一个单词。</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1ZlXLSIMppPch6HgzKRillJiUcWn3PiK7?usp=sharing"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="支持的操作符"></a><a href="#支持的操作符" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>支持的操作符</h2>
+<p>onnx支持下列运算:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Acos</li>
+<li>Acosh</li>
+<li>Add</li>
+<li>And</li>
+<li>Asin</li>
+<li>Asinh</li>
+<li>Atan</li>
+<li>Atanh</li>
+<li>AveragePool</li>
+<li>BatchNormalization</li>
+<li>Cast</li>
+<li>Ceil</li>
+<li>Clip</li>
+<li>Concat</li>
+<li>ConstantOfShape</li>
+<li>Conv</li>
+<li>Cos</li>
+<li>Cosh</li>
+<li>Div</li>
+<li>Dropout</li>
+<li>Elu</li>
+<li>Equal</li>
+<li>Erf</li>
+<li>Expand</li>
+<li>Flatten</li>
+<li>Gather</li>
+<li>Gemm</li>
+<li>GlobalAveragePool</li>
+<li>Greater</li>
+<li>HardSigmoid</li>
+<li>Identity</li>
+<li>LeakyRelu</li>
+<li>Less</li>
+<li>Log</li>
+<li>MatMul</li>
+<li>Max</li>
+<li>MaxPool</li>
+<li>Mean</li>
+<li>Min</li>
+<li>Mul</li>
+<li>Neg</li>
+<li>NonZero</li>
+<li>Not</li>
+<li>OneHot</li>
+<li>Or</li>
+<li>Pad</li>
+<li>Pow</li>
+<li>PRelu</li>
+<li>Reciprocal</li>
+<li>ReduceMean</li>
+<li>ReduceSum</li>
+<li>Relu</li>
+<li>Reshape</li>
+<li>ScatterElements</li>
+<li>Selu</li>
+<li>Shape</li>
+<li>Sigmoid</li>
+<li>Sign</li>
+<li>Sin</li>
+<li>Sinh</li>
+<li>Slice</li>
+<li>Softmax</li>
+<li>Softplus</li>
+<li>Softsign</li>
+<li>Split</li>
+<li>Sqrt</li>
+<li>Squeeze</li>
+<li>Sub</li>
+<li>Sum</li>
+<li>Tan</li>
+<li>Tanh</li>
+<li>Tile</li>
+<li>Transpose</li>
+<li>Unsqueeze</li>
+<li>Upsample</li>
+<li>Where</li>
+<li>Xor</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="对onnx后端的特别说明"></a><a href="#对onnx后端的特别说明" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>对ONNX后端的特别说明</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Conv, MaxPool 以及 AveragePool</p>
+<p>输入必须是1d<code>(N*C*H)</code>和2d<code>(N*C*H*W)</code>的形状,<code>dilation</code>必须是1。</p></li>
+<li><p>BatchNormalization</p>
+<p><code>epsilon</code> 设定为1e-05,不能改变</p></li>
+<li><p>Cast</p>
+<p>只支持float32和int32,其他类型都会转向这两种类型。</p></li>
+<li><p>Squeeze and Unsqueeze</p>
+<p>如果你在<code>Tensor</code>和Scalar之间<code>Squeeze</code>或<code>Unsqueeze</code>时遇到错误,请向我们报告。</p></li>
+<li><p>Empty tensor</p>
+<p>空张量在SINGA是非法的。</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="实现"></a><a href="#实现" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>实现</h2>
+<p>SINGA ONNX的代码在<code>python/singa/soonx.py</code>中,主要有三个类,<code>SingaFrontend</code>、<code>SingaBackend</code>和<code>SingaRep</code>。<code>SingaFrontend</code>将SINGA模型翻译成ONNX模型;<code>SingaBackend</code>将ONNX模型翻译成<code>SingaRep</code>对象,其中存储了所有的SINGA运算符和张量(本文档中的张量指SINGA Tensor);<code>SingaRep</code>可以像SINGA模型一样运行。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="singafrontend"></a><a href="#singafrontend" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SingaFrontend</h3>
+<p><code>SingaFrontend</code>的入口函数是<code>singa_to_onnx_model</code>,它也被称为<code>to_onnx</code>,<code>singa_to_onnx_model</code>创建了ONNX模型,它还通过<code>singa_to_onnx_graph</code>创建了一个ONNX图。</p>
+<p><code>singa_to_onnx_graph</code>接受模型的输出,并从输出中递归迭代SINGA模型的图,得到所有的运算符,形成一个队列。SINGA模型的输入和中间张量,即可训练的权重,同时被获取。输入存储在<code>onnx_model.graph.input</code>中;输出存储在<code>onnx_model.graph.output</code>中;可训练权重存储在<code>onnx_model.graph.initializer</code>中。</p>
+<p>然后将队列中的SINGA运算符逐一翻译成ONNX运算符。<code>_rename_operators</code> 定义了 SINGA 和 ONNX 之间的运算符名称映射。<code>_special_operators</code> 定义了翻译运算符时要使用的函数。</p>
+<p>此外,SINGA 中的某些运算符与 ONNX 的定义不同,即 ONNX 将 SINGA 运算符的某些属性视为输入,因此 <code>_unhandled_operators</code> 定义了处理特殊运算符的函数。</p>
+<p>由于SINGA中的布尔类型被视为int32,所以<code>_bool_operators</code>定义了要改变的操作符为布尔类型。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="singabackend"></a><a href="#singabackend" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SingaBackend</h3>
+<p><code>SingaBackend</code>的入口函数是<code>prepare</code>,它检查ONNX模型的版本,然后调用<code>_onnx_model_to_singa_net</code>。</p>
+<p><code>_onnx_model_to_singa_net</code>的目的是获取SINGA的时序和运算符。tensors在ONNX中以其名称存储在字典中,而操作符则以<code>namedtuple('SingaOps', ['name', 'op', 'handle', 'forward'])</code>的形式存储在队列中。对于每个运算符,<code>name</code>是它的ONNX节点名称;<code>op</code>是ONNX节点;<code>forward</code>是SINGA运算符的转发函数;<code>handle</code>是为一些特殊的运算符准备的,如Conv和Pooling,它们有<code>handle</code>对象。</p>
+<p><code>_onnx_model_to_singa_net</code>的第一步是调用<code>_init_graph_parameter</code>来获取模型内的所有tensors。对于可训练的权重,可以从<code>onnx_model.graph.initializer</code>中初始化<code>SINGA Tensor</code>。请注意,权重也可能存储在图的输入或称为<code>Constant</code>的ONNX节点中,SINGA也可以处理这些。</p>
+<p>虽然所有的权重都存储在ONNX模型中,但模型的输入是未知的,只有它的形状和类型。所以SINGA支持两种方式来初始化输入,1、根据其形状和类型生成随机张量,2、允许用户分配输入。第一种方法对大多数模型都很好,但是对于一些模型,比如BERT,矩阵的指数不能随机生成,否则会产生错误。</p>
+<p>然后,<code>_onnx_model_to_singa_net</code>迭代ONNX图中的所有节点,将其翻译成SIGNA运算符。另外,<code>_rename_operators</code> 定义了 SINGA 和 ONNX 之间的运算符名称映射。<code>_special_operators</code> 定义翻译运算符时要使用的函数。<code>_run_node</code>通过输入时序来运行生成的 SINGA 模型,并存储其输出时序,供以后的运算符使用。</p>
+<p>该类最后返回一个<code>SingaRep</code>对象,并在其中存储所有SINGA时序和运算符。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="singarep"></a><a href="#singarep" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SingaRep</h3>
+<p><code>SingaBackend</code>存储所有的SINGA tensors和运算符。<code>run</code>接受模型的输入,并按照运算符队列逐个运行SINGA运算符。用户可以使用<code>last_layers</code>来决定是否将模型运行到最后几层。将 <code>all_outputs</code> 设置为 <code>False</code> 表示只得到最后的输出,设置为 <code>True</code> 表示也得到所有的中间输出。</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#通常用法">通常用法</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#从onnx中读取一个model到singa">从ONNX中读取一个Model到SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa模型">Inference SINGA模型</a></li><li><a href="#将singa模型保存成onnx格式">将SINGA模型保存成ONNX格式</a></li><li><a href="#在onnx模型上重新训练">在ONNX模型上重新训练</a></li><li><a href="#在onnx模型上做迁移学习">在ONNX模型上做迁移学习</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#一个完整示例">一个完整示例</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#读取数据集">读取数据集</a></li><li><a href="#mnist模型">MNIST模型</a></li><li><a href="#训练mnist模型并将其导出到onnx">训练mnist模型并将其导出到onnx</a></li><li><a href="#inference">Inference</a></li><li><a href="#重训练">重训练</a></li><li><a href="#迁移学习">迁移学习</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx模型库">ONNX模型库</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#图像分类">图像分类</a></li><li><a href="#目标检测">目标检测</a></li><li><a href="#面部识别">面部识别</a></li><li><a href="#机器理解">机器理解</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#支持的操作符">支持的操作符</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#对onnx后端的特别说明">对ONNX后端的特别说明</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+
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+ return;
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+ event.preventDefault();
+
+ target.classList.toggle(className);
+ };
+ }
+ });
+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/onnx.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">ONNX</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p><a href="https://onnx.ai/">ONNX</a> 是机器学习模型的开放表示格式,它使AI开发人员能够在不同的库和工具中使用模型。SINGA支持加载ONNX格式模型用于训练和inference,并将使用SINGA API(如<a href="./module">Module</a>)定义的模型保存为ONNX格式。</p>
+<p>SINGA在以下<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Versioning.md">版本</a>中的ONNX中测试过。</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>ONNX version</th><th>File format version</th><th>Opset version ai.onnx</th><th>Opset version ai.onnx.ml</th><th>Opset version ai.onnx.training</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>1.6.0</td><td>6</td><td>11</td><td>2</td><td>-</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="通常用法"></a><a href="#通常用法" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>通常用法</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="从onnx中读取一个model到singa"></a><a href="#从onnx中读取一个model到singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>从ONNX中读取一个Model到SINGA</h3>
+<p>在通过 <code>onnx.load</code> 从磁盘加载 ONNX 模型后,您需要更新模型的batch_size,因为对于大多数模型来说,它们使用一个占位符来表示其批处理量。我们在这里举一个例子,若要 <code>update_batch_size</code>,你只需要更新输入和输出的 batch_size,内部的 tensors 的形状会自动推断出来。</p>
+<p>然后,您可以使用 <code>sonnx.prepare</code> 来准备 SINGA 模型。该函数将 ONNX 模型图中的所有节点迭代并翻译成 SINGA 运算符,加载所有存储的权重并推断每个中间张量的形状。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3"><span class="hljs-built_in">import</span> onnx
+from singa <span class="hljs-built_in">import</span> device
+from singa <span class="hljs-built_in">import</span> sonnx
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># if the input has multiple tensors? can put this function inside prepare()?</span>
+def update_batch_size(onnx_model, batch_size):
+ <span class="hljs-attr">model_input</span> = onnx_model.graph.input[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+ model_input.type.tensor_type.shape.dim[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].<span class="hljs-attr">dim_value</span> = batch_size
+ <span class="hljs-attr">model_output</span> = onnx_model.graph.output[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+ model_output.type.tensor_type.shape.dim[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].<span class="hljs-attr">dim_value</span> = batch_size
+ return onnx_model
+
+
+<span class="hljs-attr">model_path</span> = <span class="hljs-string">"PATH/To/ONNX/MODEL"</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">onnx_model</span> = onnx.load(model_path)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># set batch size</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">onnx_model</span> = update_batch_size(onnx_model, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># convert onnx graph nodes into SINGA operators</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">dev</span> = device.create_cuda_gpu()
+<span class="hljs-attr">sg_ir</span> = sonnx.prepare(onnx_model, <span class="hljs-attr">device=dev)</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="inference-singa模型"></a><a href="#inference-singa模型" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Inference SINGA模型</h3>
+<p>一旦创建了模型,就可以通过调用<code>sg_ir.run</code>进行inference。输入和输出必须是SINGA Tensor实例,由于SINGA模型以列表形式返回输出,如果只有一个输出,你只需要从输出中取第一个元素即可。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3"><span class="hljs-comment"># can warp the following code in prepare()</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># and provide a flag training=True/False?</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Infer</span>:</span>
+
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, sg_ir)</span></span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.sg_ir = sg_ir
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, x)</span></span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> sg_ir.run([x])[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+
+
+data = get_dataset()
+x = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=data)
+
+model = Infer(sg_ir)
+y = model.forward(x)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="将singa模型保存成onnx格式"></a><a href="#将singa模型保存成onnx格式" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>将SINGA模型保存成ONNX格式</h3>
+<p>给定输入时序和输出时序,由运算符产生的模型,你可以追溯所有内部操作。因此,一个SINGA模型是由输入和输出张量定义的,要将 SINGA 模型导出为 ONNX 格式,您只需提供输入和输出张量列表。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3"># <span class="hljs-symbol">x</span> is the input tensor, <span class="hljs-symbol">y</span> is the output tensor
+sonnx.to_onnx([<span class="hljs-symbol">x</span>], [<span class="hljs-symbol">y</span>])
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="在onnx模型上重新训练"></a><a href="#在onnx模型上重新训练" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>在ONNX模型上重新训练</h3>
+<p>要使用 SINGA 训练(或改进)ONNX 模型,您需要设置内部的张量为可训练状态:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Infer</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, sg_ir)</span>:</span>
+ self.sg_ir = sg_ir
+ <span class="hljs-comment">## can wrap these codes in sonnx?</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> idx, tens <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> sg_ir.tensor_map.items():
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># allow the tensors to be updated</span>
+ tens.requires_grad = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+ tens.stores_grad = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> sg_ir.run([x])[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+
+autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">False</span>
+model = Infer(sg_ir)
+
+autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># then you training the model like normal</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># give more details??</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="在onnx模型上做迁移学习"></a><a href="#在onnx模型上做迁移学习" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>在ONNX模型上做迁移学习</h3>
+<p>您也可以在ONNX模型的最后附加一些图层来进行转移学习。<code>last_layers</code> 意味着您从 [0, last_layers] 切断 ONNX 层。然后您可以通过普通的SINGA模型附加更多的层。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3">class Trans:
+
+ def __init__(<span class="hljs-literal">self</span>, sg_ir, last_layers):
+ <span class="hljs-literal">self</span>.sg_ir = sg_ir
+ <span class="hljs-literal">self</span>.last_layers = last_layers
+ <span class="hljs-literal">self</span>.append_linear1 = autograd.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">500</span>, <span class="hljs-number">128</span>, bias=False)
+ <span class="hljs-literal">self</span>.append_linear2 = autograd.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">128</span>, <span class="hljs-number">32</span>, bias=False)
+ <span class="hljs-literal">self</span>.append_linear3 = autograd.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>, bias=False)
+
+ def forward(<span class="hljs-literal">self</span>, <span class="hljs-symbol">x</span>):
+ <span class="hljs-symbol">y</span> = sg_ir.run([<span class="hljs-symbol">x</span>], last_layers=<span class="hljs-literal">self</span>.last_layers)[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+ <span class="hljs-symbol">y</span> = <span class="hljs-literal">self</span>.append_linear1(<span class="hljs-symbol">y</span>)
+ <span class="hljs-symbol">y</span> = autograd.relu(<span class="hljs-symbol">y</span>)
+ <span class="hljs-symbol">y</span> = <span class="hljs-literal">self</span>.append_linear2(<span class="hljs-symbol">y</span>)
+ <span class="hljs-symbol">y</span> = autograd.relu(<span class="hljs-symbol">y</span>)
+ <span class="hljs-symbol">y</span> = <span class="hljs-literal">self</span>.append_linear3(<span class="hljs-symbol">y</span>)
+ <span class="hljs-symbol">y</span> = autograd.relu(<span class="hljs-symbol">y</span>)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">y</span>
+
+autograd.training = False
+model = Trans(sg_ir, <span class="hljs-number">-1</span>)
+
+# <span class="hljs-keyword">then</span> you training the model like normal
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="一个完整示例"></a><a href="#一个完整示例" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>一个完整示例</h2>
+<p>本部分以mnist为例,介绍SINGA ONNX的使用方法。在这部分,将展示如何导出、加载、inference、再训练和迁移学习 mnist 模型的例子。您可以在<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1-YOfQqqw3HNhS8WpB8xjDQYutRdUdmCq">这里</a>试用这部分内容。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="读取数据集"></a><a href="#读取数据集" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>读取数据集</h3>
+<p>首先,你需要导入一些必要的库,并定义一些辅助函数来下载和预处理数据集:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> os
+<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> urllib.request
+<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> gzip
+<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> numpy <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> np
+<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> codecs
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> device
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensor
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> autograd
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> sonnx
+<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> onnx
+
+
+<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">load_dataset</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span>:</span>
+ train_x_url = <span class="hljs-string">'http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/train-images-idx3-ubyte.gz'</span>
+ train_y_url = <span class="hljs-string">'http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/train-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz'</span>
+ valid_x_url = <span class="hljs-string">'http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/t10k-images-idx3-ubyte.gz'</span>
+ valid_y_url = <span class="hljs-string">'http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/t10k-labels-idx1-ubyte.gz'</span>
+ train_x = read_image_file(check_exist_or_download(train_x_url)).astype(
+ np.float32)
+ train_y = read_label_file(check_exist_or_download(train_y_url)).astype(
+ np.float32)
+ valid_x = read_image_file(check_exist_or_download(valid_x_url)).astype(
+ np.float32)
+ valid_y = read_label_file(check_exist_or_download(valid_y_url)).astype(
+ np.float32)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> train_x, train_y, valid_x, valid_y
+
+
+<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">check_exist_or_download</span><span class="hljs-params">(url)</span>:</span>
+
+ download_dir = <span class="hljs-string">'/tmp/'</span>
+
+ name = url.rsplit(<span class="hljs-string">'/'</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>)[<span class="hljs-number">-1</span>]
+ filename = os.path.join(download_dir, name)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> os.path.isfile(filename):
+ print(<span class="hljs-string">"Downloading %s"</span> % url)
+ urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, filename)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> filename
+
+
+<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">read_label_file</span><span class="hljs-params">(path)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> gzip.open(path, <span class="hljs-string">'rb'</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> f:
+ data = f.read()
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">assert</span> get_int(data[:<span class="hljs-number">4</span>]) == <span class="hljs-number">2049</span>
+ length = get_int(data[<span class="hljs-number">4</span>:<span class="hljs-number">8</span>])
+ parsed = np.frombuffer(data, dtype=np.uint8, offset=<span class="hljs-number">8</span>).reshape(
+ (length))
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> parsed
+
+
+<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">get_int</span><span class="hljs-params">(b)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> int(codecs.encode(b, <span class="hljs-string">'hex'</span>), <span class="hljs-number">16</span>)
+
+
+<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">read_image_file</span><span class="hljs-params">(path)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">with</span> gzip.open(path, <span class="hljs-string">'rb'</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> f:
+ data = f.read()
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">assert</span> get_int(data[:<span class="hljs-number">4</span>]) == <span class="hljs-number">2051</span>
+ length = get_int(data[<span class="hljs-number">4</span>:<span class="hljs-number">8</span>])
+ num_rows = get_int(data[<span class="hljs-number">8</span>:<span class="hljs-number">12</span>])
+ num_cols = get_int(data[<span class="hljs-number">12</span>:<span class="hljs-number">16</span>])
+ parsed = np.frombuffer(data, dtype=np.uint8, offset=<span class="hljs-number">16</span>).reshape(
+ (length, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, num_rows, num_cols))
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> parsed
+
+
+<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">to_categorical</span><span class="hljs-params">(y, num_classes)</span>:</span>
+ y = np.array(y, dtype=<span class="hljs-string">"int"</span>)
+ n = y.shape[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+ categorical = np.zeros((n, num_classes))
+ categorical[np.arange(n), y] = <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
+ categorical = categorical.astype(np.float32)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> categorical
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="mnist模型"></a><a href="#mnist模型" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>MNIST模型</h3>
+<p>然后你可以定义一个叫做<strong>CNN</strong>的类来构造mnist模型,这个模型由几个卷积层、池化层、全连接层和relu层组成。你也可以定义一个函数来计算我们结果的<strong>准确性</strong>。最后,你可以定义一个<strong>训练函数</strong>和一个<strong>测试函数</strong>来处理训练和预测的过程。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">CNN</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self)</span>:</span>
+ self.conv1 = autograd.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.conv2 = autograd.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">50</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.linear1 = autograd.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">4</span> * <span class="hljs-number">4</span> * <span class="hljs-number">50</span>, <span class="hljs-number">500</span>, bias=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+ self.linear2 = autograd.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">500</span>, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>, bias=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+ self.pooling1 = autograd.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.pooling2 = autograd.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x)</span>:</span>
+ y = self.conv1(x)
+ y = autograd.relu(y)
+ y = self.pooling1(y)
+ y = self.conv2(y)
+ y = autograd.relu(y)
+ y = self.pooling2(y)
+ y = autograd.flatten(y)
+ y = self.linear1(y)
+ y = autograd.relu(y)
+ y = self.linear2(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+
+<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">accuracy</span><span class="hljs-params">(pred, target)</span>:</span>
+ y = np.argmax(pred, axis=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+ t = np.argmax(target, axis=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+ a = y == t
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> np.array(a, <span class="hljs-string">"int"</span>).sum() / float(len(t))
+
+
+<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train</span><span class="hljs-params">(model,
+ x,
+ y,
+ epochs=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>,
+ batch_size=<span class="hljs-number">64</span>,
+ dev=device.get_default_device<span class="hljs-params">()</span>)</span>:</span>
+ batch_number = x.shape[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] // batch_size
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(epochs):
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(batch_number):
+ l_idx = b * batch_size
+ r_idx = (b + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * batch_size
+
+ x_batch = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=x[l_idx:r_idx])
+ target_batch = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=y[l_idx:r_idx])
+
+ output_batch = model.forward(x_batch)
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># onnx_model = sonnx.to_onnx([x_batch], [y])</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># print('The model is:\n{}'.format(onnx_model))</span>
+
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(output_batch, target_batch)
+ accuracy_rate = accuracy(tensor.to_numpy(output_batch),
+ tensor.to_numpy(target_batch))
+
+ sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p, gp <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> autograd.backward(loss):
+ sgd.update(p, gp)
+ sgd.step()
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> b % <span class="hljs-number">1e2</span> == <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
+ print(<span class="hljs-string">"acc %6.2f loss, %6.2f"</span> %
+ (accuracy_rate, tensor.to_numpy(loss)[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]))
+ print(<span class="hljs-string">"training completed"</span>)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> x_batch, output_batch
+
+<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">test</span><span class="hljs-params">(model, x, y, batch_size=<span class="hljs-number">64</span>, dev=device.get_default_device<span class="hljs-params">()</span>)</span>:</span>
+ batch_number = x.shape[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] // batch_size
+
+ result = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(batch_number):
+ l_idx = b * batch_size
+ r_idx = (b + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * batch_size
+
+ x_batch = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=x[l_idx:r_idx])
+ target_batch = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=y[l_idx:r_idx])
+
+ output_batch = model.forward(x_batch)
+ result += accuracy(tensor.to_numpy(output_batch),
+ tensor.to_numpy(target_batch))
+
+ print(<span class="hljs-string">"testing acc %6.2f"</span> % (result / batch_number))
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="训练mnist模型并将其导出到onnx"></a><a href="#训练mnist模型并将其导出到onnx" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>训练mnist模型并将其导出到onnx</h3>
+<p>现在,你可以通过调用 <strong>soonx.to_onnx</strong> 函数来训练 mnist 模型并导出其 onnx 模型。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">make_onnx</span><span class="hljs-params">(x, y)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> sonnx.to_onnx([x], [y])
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># create device</span>
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()
+<span class="hljs-comment">#dev = device.get_default_device()</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># create model</span>
+model = CNN()
+<span class="hljs-comment"># load data</span>
+train_x, train_y, valid_x, valid_y = load_dataset()
+<span class="hljs-comment"># normalization</span>
+train_x = train_x / <span class="hljs-number">255</span>
+valid_x = valid_x / <span class="hljs-number">255</span>
+train_y = to_categorical(train_y, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>)
+valid_y = to_categorical(valid_y, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># do training</span>
+autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+x, y = train(model, train_x, train_y, dev=dev)
+onnx_model = make_onnx(x, y)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># print('The model is:\n{}'.format(onnx_model))</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># Save the ONNX model</span>
+model_path = os.path.join(<span class="hljs-string">'/'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'tmp'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'mnist.onnx'</span>)
+onnx.save(onnx_model, model_path)
+print(<span class="hljs-string">'The model is saved.'</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="inference"></a><a href="#inference" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Inference</h3>
+<p>导出onnx模型后,可以在'/tmp'目录下找到一个名为<strong>mnist.onnx</strong>的文件,这个模型可以被其他库导入。现在,如果你想把这个onnx模型再次导入到singa中,并使用验证数据集进行推理,你可以定义一个叫做<strong>Infer</strong>的类,Infer的前向函数将被测试函数调用,对验证数据集进行推理。此外,你应该把训练的标签设置为<strong>False</strong>,以固定自变量算子的梯度。</p>
+<p>在导入onnx模型时,需要先调用<strong>onnx.load</strong>来加载onnx模型。然后将onnx模型输入到 <strong>soonx.prepare</strong>中进行解析,并启动到一个singa模型(代码中的<strong>sg_ir</strong>)。sg_ir里面包含了一个singa图,然后就可以通过输入到它的run函数中运行一步推理。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Infer</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, sg_ir)</span>:</span>
+ self.sg_ir = sg_ir
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> idx, tens <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> sg_ir.tensor_map.items():
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># allow the tensors to be updated</span>
+ tens.requires_grad = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+ tens.stores_grad= <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+ sg_ir.tensor_map[idx] = tens
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> sg_ir.run([x])[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] <span class="hljs-comment"># we can run one step of inference by feeding input</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># load the ONNX model</span>
+onnx_model = onnx.load(model_path)
+sg_ir = sonnx.prepare(onnx_model, device=dev) <span class="hljs-comment"># parse and initiate to a singa model</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># inference</span>
+autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">False</span>
+print(<span class="hljs-string">'The inference result is:'</span>)
+test(Infer(sg_ir), valid_x, valid_y, dev=dev)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="重训练"></a><a href="#重训练" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>重训练</h3>
+<p>假设导入模型后,想再次对模型进行重新训练,我们可以定义一个名为<strong>re_train</strong>的函数。在调用这个re_train函数之前,我们应该将训练的标签设置为<strong>True</strong>,以使自变量运算符更新其梯度。而在完成训练后,我们再将其设置为<strong>False</strong>,以调用做推理的测试函数。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">re_train</span><span class="hljs-params">(sg_ir,
+ x,
+ y,
+ epochs=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>,
+ batch_size=<span class="hljs-number">64</span>,
+ dev=device.get_default_device<span class="hljs-params">()</span>)</span>:</span>
+ batch_number = x.shape[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] // batch_size
+
+ new_model = Infer(sg_ir)
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(epochs):
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(batch_number):
+ l_idx = b * batch_size
+ r_idx = (b + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * batch_size
+
+ x_batch = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=x[l_idx:r_idx])
+ target_batch = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=y[l_idx:r_idx])
+
+ output_batch = new_model.forward(x_batch)
+
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(output_batch, target_batch)
+ accuracy_rate = accuracy(tensor.to_numpy(output_batch),
+ tensor.to_numpy(target_batch))
+
+ sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.01</span>)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p, gp <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> autograd.backward(loss):
+ sgd.update(p, gp)
+ sgd.step()
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> b % <span class="hljs-number">1e2</span> == <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
+ print(<span class="hljs-string">"acc %6.2f loss, %6.2f"</span> %
+ (accuracy_rate, tensor.to_numpy(loss)[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]))
+ print(<span class="hljs-string">"re-training completed"</span>)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> new_model
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># load the ONNX model</span>
+onnx_model = onnx.load(model_path)
+sg_ir = sonnx.prepare(onnx_model, device=dev)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># re-training</span>
+autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+new_model = re_train(sg_ir, train_x, train_y, dev=dev)
+autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">False</span>
+test(new_model, valid_x, valid_y, dev=dev)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="迁移学习"></a><a href="#迁移学习" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>迁移学习</h3>
+<p>最后,如果我们想做迁移学习,我们可以定义一个名为<strong>Trans</strong>的函数,在onnx模型后追加一些层。为了演示,代码中只在onnx模型后追加了几个线性(全连接)和relu。可以定义一个transfer_learning函数来处理transfer-learning模型的训练过程,而训练的标签和前面一个的一样。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Trans</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, sg_ir, last_layers)</span>:</span>
+ self.sg_ir = sg_ir
+ self.last_layers = last_layers
+ self.append_linear1 = autograd.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">500</span>, <span class="hljs-number">128</span>, bias=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+ self.append_linear2 = autograd.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">128</span>, <span class="hljs-number">32</span>, bias=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+ self.append_linear3 = autograd.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>, bias=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x)</span>:</span>
+ y = sg_ir.run([x], last_layers=self.last_layers)[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+ y = self.append_linear1(y)
+ y = autograd.relu(y)
+ y = self.append_linear2(y)
+ y = autograd.relu(y)
+ y = self.append_linear3(y)
+ y = autograd.relu(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">transfer_learning</span><span class="hljs-params">(sg_ir,
+ x,
+ y,
+ epochs=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>,
+ batch_size=<span class="hljs-number">64</span>,
+ dev=device.get_default_device<span class="hljs-params">()</span>)</span>:</span>
+ batch_number = x.shape[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] // batch_size
+
+ trans_model = Trans(sg_ir, <span class="hljs-number">-1</span>)
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(epochs):
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(batch_number):
+ l_idx = b * batch_size
+ r_idx = (b + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * batch_size
+
+ x_batch = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=x[l_idx:r_idx])
+ target_batch = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=y[l_idx:r_idx])
+ output_batch = trans_model.forward(x_batch)
+
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(output_batch, target_batch)
+ accuracy_rate = accuracy(tensor.to_numpy(output_batch),
+ tensor.to_numpy(target_batch))
+
+ sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.07</span>)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p, gp <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> autograd.backward(loss):
+ sgd.update(p, gp)
+ sgd.step()
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> b % <span class="hljs-number">1e2</span> == <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
+ print(<span class="hljs-string">"acc %6.2f loss, %6.2f"</span> %
+ (accuracy_rate, tensor.to_numpy(loss)[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]))
+ print(<span class="hljs-string">"transfer-learning completed"</span>)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> trans_mode
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># load the ONNX model</span>
+onnx_model = onnx.load(model_path)
+sg_ir = sonnx.prepare(onnx_model, device=dev)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># transfer-learning</span>
+autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+new_model = transfer_learning(sg_ir, train_x, train_y, dev=dev)
+autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">False</span>
+test(new_model, valid_x, valid_y, dev=dev)
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="onnx模型库"></a><a href="#onnx模型库" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>ONNX模型库</h2>
+<p><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models">ONNX 模型库</a>是由社区成员贡献的 ONNX 格式的预先训练的最先进模型的集合。SINGA 现在已经支持了几个 CV 和 NLP 模型。将来会支持更多模型。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="图像分类"></a><a href="#图像分类" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>图像分类</h3>
+<p>这套模型以图像作为输入,然后将图像中的主要物体分为1000个物体类别,如键盘、鼠标、铅笔和许多动物。</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model Class</th><th>Reference</th><th>Description</th><th>Link</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/mobilenet">MobileNet</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.04381">Sandler et al.</a></td><td>最适合移动和嵌入式视觉应用的轻量级深度神经网络。 <br>Top-5 error from paper - ~10%</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1HsixqJMIpKyEPhkbB8jy7NwNEFEAUWAf"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/resnet">ResNet18</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.03385">He et al.</a></td><td>一个CNN模型(多达152层),在对图像进行分类时,使用shortcut来实现更高的准确性。 <br> Top-5 error from paper - ~3.6%</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1u1RYefSsVbiP4I-5wiBKHjsT9L0FxLm9"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/vgg">VGG16</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.1556">Simonyan et al.</a></td><td>深度CNN模型(多达19层)。类似于AlexNet,但使用多个较小的内核大小的滤波器,在分类图像时提供更高的准确性。 <br>Top-5 error from paper - ~8%</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/14kxgRKtbjPCKKsDJVNi3AvTev81Gp_Ds"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/shufflenet">ShuffleNet_V2</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.01083.pdf">Simonyan et al.</a></td><td>专门为移动设备设计的计算效率极高的CNN模型。这种网络架构设计考虑了速度等直接指标,而不是FLOP等间接指标。 Top-1 error from paper - ~30.6%</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19HfRu3YHP_H2z3BcZujVFRp23_J5XsuA?usp=sharing"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="目标检测"></a><a href="#目标检测" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>目标检测</h3>
+<p>目标检测模型可以检测图像中是否存在多个对象,并将图像中检测到对象的区域分割出来。</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model Class</th><th>Reference</th><th>Description</th><th>Link</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/object_detection_segmentation/tiny_yolov2">Tiny YOLOv2</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1612.08242.pdf">Redmon et al.</a></td><td>一个用于目标检测的实时CNN,可以检测20个不同的类。一个更复杂的完整YOLOv2网络的小版本。</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/11V4I6cRjIJNUv5ZGsEGwqHuoQEie6b1T"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="面部识别"></a><a href="#面部识别" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>面部识别</h3>
+<p>人脸检测模型可以识别和/或识别给定图像中的人脸和情绪。</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model Class</th><th>Reference</th><th>Description</th><th>Link</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/body_analysis/arcface">ArcFace</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.07698">Deng et al.</a></td><td>一种基于CNN的人脸识别模型,它可以学习人脸的判别特征,并对输入的人脸图像进行分析。</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1qanaqUKGIDtifdzEzJOHjEj4kYzA9uJC"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/body_analysis/emotion_ferplus">Emotion FerPlus</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.01041">Barsoum et al.</a></td><td>基于人脸图像训练的情感识别深度CNN。</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1XHtBQGRhe58PDi4LGYJzYueWBeWbO23r"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="机器理解"></a><a href="#机器理解" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>机器理解</h3>
+<p>这个自然语言处理模型的子集,可以回答关于给定上下文段落的问题。</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model Class</th><th>Reference</th><th>Description</th><th>Link</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/text/machine_comprehension/bert-squad">BERT-Squad</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.04805.pdf">Devlin et al.</a></td><td>该模型根据给定输入段落的上下文回答问题。</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1kud-lUPjS_u-TkDAzihBTw0Vqr0FjCE-"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/text/machine_comprehension/roberta">RoBERTa</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.11692.pdf">Devlin et al.</a></td><td>一个基于大型变换器的模型,根据给定的输入文本预测情感。</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1F-c4LJSx3Cb2jW6tP7f8nAZDigyLH6iN?usp=sharing"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/text/machine_comprehension/gpt-2">GPT-2</a></b></td><td><a href="https://d4mucfpksywv.cloudfront.net/better-language-models/language_models_are_unsupervised_multitask_learners.pdf">Devlin et al.</a></td><td>一个基于大型变换器的语言模型,给定一些文本中的单词序列,预测下一个单词。</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1ZlXLSIMppPch6HgzKRillJiUcWn3PiK7?usp=sharing"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="支持的操作符"></a><a href="#支持的操作符" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>支持的操作符</h2>
+<p>onnx支持下列运算:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Acos</li>
+<li>Acosh</li>
+<li>Add</li>
+<li>And</li>
+<li>Asin</li>
+<li>Asinh</li>
+<li>Atan</li>
+<li>Atanh</li>
+<li>AveragePool</li>
+<li>BatchNormalization</li>
+<li>Cast</li>
+<li>Ceil</li>
+<li>Clip</li>
+<li>Concat</li>
+<li>ConstantOfShape</li>
+<li>Conv</li>
+<li>Cos</li>
+<li>Cosh</li>
+<li>Div</li>
+<li>Dropout</li>
+<li>Elu</li>
+<li>Equal</li>
+<li>Erf</li>
+<li>Expand</li>
+<li>Flatten</li>
+<li>Gather</li>
+<li>Gemm</li>
+<li>GlobalAveragePool</li>
+<li>Greater</li>
+<li>HardSigmoid</li>
+<li>Identity</li>
+<li>LeakyRelu</li>
+<li>Less</li>
+<li>Log</li>
+<li>MatMul</li>
+<li>Max</li>
+<li>MaxPool</li>
+<li>Mean</li>
+<li>Min</li>
+<li>Mul</li>
+<li>Neg</li>
+<li>NonZero</li>
+<li>Not</li>
+<li>OneHot</li>
+<li>Or</li>
+<li>Pad</li>
+<li>Pow</li>
+<li>PRelu</li>
+<li>Reciprocal</li>
+<li>ReduceMean</li>
+<li>ReduceSum</li>
+<li>Relu</li>
+<li>Reshape</li>
+<li>ScatterElements</li>
+<li>Selu</li>
+<li>Shape</li>
+<li>Sigmoid</li>
+<li>Sign</li>
+<li>Sin</li>
+<li>Sinh</li>
+<li>Slice</li>
+<li>Softmax</li>
+<li>Softplus</li>
+<li>Softsign</li>
+<li>Split</li>
+<li>Sqrt</li>
+<li>Squeeze</li>
+<li>Sub</li>
+<li>Sum</li>
+<li>Tan</li>
+<li>Tanh</li>
+<li>Tile</li>
+<li>Transpose</li>
+<li>Unsqueeze</li>
+<li>Upsample</li>
+<li>Where</li>
+<li>Xor</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="对onnx后端的特别说明"></a><a href="#对onnx后端的特别说明" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>对ONNX后端的特别说明</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Conv, MaxPool 以及 AveragePool</p>
+<p>输入必须是1d<code>(N*C*H)</code>和2d<code>(N*C*H*W)</code>的形状,<code>dilation</code>必须是1。</p></li>
+<li><p>BatchNormalization</p>
+<p><code>epsilon</code> 设定为1e-05,不能改变</p></li>
+<li><p>Cast</p>
+<p>只支持float32和int32,其他类型都会转向这两种类型。</p></li>
+<li><p>Squeeze and Unsqueeze</p>
+<p>如果你在<code>Tensor</code>和Scalar之间<code>Squeeze</code>或<code>Unsqueeze</code>时遇到错误,请向我们报告。</p></li>
+<li><p>Empty tensor</p>
+<p>空张量在SINGA是非法的。</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="实现"></a><a href="#实现" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>实现</h2>
+<p>SINGA ONNX的代码在<code>python/singa/soonx.py</code>中,主要有三个类,<code>SingaFrontend</code>、<code>SingaBackend</code>和<code>SingaRep</code>。<code>SingaFrontend</code>将SINGA模型翻译成ONNX模型;<code>SingaBackend</code>将ONNX模型翻译成<code>SingaRep</code>对象,其中存储了所有的SINGA运算符和张量(本文档中的张量指SINGA Tensor);<code>SingaRep</code>可以像SINGA模型一样运行。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="singafrontend"></a><a href="#singafrontend" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SingaFrontend</h3>
+<p><code>SingaFrontend</code>的入口函数是<code>singa_to_onnx_model</code>,它也被称为<code>to_onnx</code>,<code>singa_to_onnx_model</code>创建了ONNX模型,它还通过<code>singa_to_onnx_graph</code>创建了一个ONNX图。</p>
+<p><code>singa_to_onnx_graph</code>接受模型的输出,并从输出中递归迭代SINGA模型的图,得到所有的运算符,形成一个队列。SINGA模型的输入和中间张量,即可训练的权重,同时被获取。输入存储在<code>onnx_model.graph.input</code>中;输出存储在<code>onnx_model.graph.output</code>中;可训练权重存储在<code>onnx_model.graph.initializer</code>中。</p>
+<p>然后将队列中的SINGA运算符逐一翻译成ONNX运算符。<code>_rename_operators</code> 定义了 SINGA 和 ONNX 之间的运算符名称映射。<code>_special_operators</code> 定义了翻译运算符时要使用的函数。</p>
+<p>此外,SINGA 中的某些运算符与 ONNX 的定义不同,即 ONNX 将 SINGA 运算符的某些属性视为输入,因此 <code>_unhandled_operators</code> 定义了处理特殊运算符的函数。</p>
+<p>由于SINGA中的布尔类型被视为int32,所以<code>_bool_operators</code>定义了要改变的操作符为布尔类型。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="singabackend"></a><a href="#singabackend" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SingaBackend</h3>
+<p><code>SingaBackend</code>的入口函数是<code>prepare</code>,它检查ONNX模型的版本,然后调用<code>_onnx_model_to_singa_net</code>。</p>
+<p><code>_onnx_model_to_singa_net</code>的目的是获取SINGA的时序和运算符。tensors在ONNX中以其名称存储在字典中,而操作符则以<code>namedtuple('SingaOps', ['name', 'op', 'handle', 'forward'])</code>的形式存储在队列中。对于每个运算符,<code>name</code>是它的ONNX节点名称;<code>op</code>是ONNX节点;<code>forward</code>是SINGA运算符的转发函数;<code>handle</code>是为一些特殊的运算符准备的,如Conv和Pooling,它们有<code>handle</code>对象。</p>
+<p><code>_onnx_model_to_singa_net</code>的第一步是调用<code>_init_graph_parameter</code>来获取模型内的所有tensors。对于可训练的权重,可以从<code>onnx_model.graph.initializer</code>中初始化<code>SINGA Tensor</code>。请注意,权重也可能存储在图的输入或称为<code>Constant</code>的ONNX节点中,SINGA也可以处理这些。</p>
+<p>虽然所有的权重都存储在ONNX模型中,但模型的输入是未知的,只有它的形状和类型。所以SINGA支持两种方式来初始化输入,1、根据其形状和类型生成随机张量,2、允许用户分配输入。第一种方法对大多数模型都很好,但是对于一些模型,比如BERT,矩阵的指数不能随机生成,否则会产生错误。</p>
+<p>然后,<code>_onnx_model_to_singa_net</code>迭代ONNX图中的所有节点,将其翻译成SIGNA运算符。另外,<code>_rename_operators</code> 定义了 SINGA 和 ONNX 之间的运算符名称映射。<code>_special_operators</code> 定义翻译运算符时要使用的函数。<code>_run_node</code>通过输入时序来运行生成的 SINGA 模型,并存储其输出时序,供以后的运算符使用。</p>
+<p>该类最后返回一个<code>SingaRep</code>对象,并在其中存储所有SINGA时序和运算符。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="singarep"></a><a href="#singarep" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SingaRep</h3>
+<p><code>SingaBackend</code>存储所有的SINGA tensors和运算符。<code>run</code>接受模型的输入,并按照运算符队列逐个运行SINGA运算符。用户可以使用<code>last_layers</code>来决定是否将模型运行到最后几层。将 <code>all_outputs</code> 设置为 <code>False</code> 表示只得到最后的输出,设置为 <code>True</code> 表示也得到所有的中间输出。</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#通常用法">通常用法</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#从onnx中读取一个model到singa">从ONNX中读取一个Model到SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa模型">Inference SINGA模型</a></li><li><a href="#将singa模型保存成onnx格式">将SINGA模型保存成ONNX格式</a></li><li><a href="#在onnx模型上重新训练">在ONNX模型上重新训练</a></li><li><a href="#在onnx模型上做迁移学习">在ONNX模型上做迁移学习</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#一个完整示例">一个完整示例</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#读取数据集">读取数据集</a></li><li><a href="#mnist模型">MNIST模型</a></li><li><a href="#训练mnist模型并将其导出到onnx">训练mnist模型并将其导出到onnx</a></li><li><a href="#inference">Inference</a></li><li><a href="#重训练">重训练</a></li><li><a href="#迁移学习">迁移学习</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx模型库">ONNX模型库</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#图像分类">图像分类</a></li><li><a href="#目标检测">目标检测</a></li><li><a href="#面部识别">面部识别</a></li><li><a href="#机器理解">机器理解</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#支持的操作符">支持的操作符</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#对onnx后端的特别说明">对ONNX后端的特别说明</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#实现">实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>SINGA支持各种流行的优化器,包括动量随机梯度下降、Adam、RMSProp和AdaGrad等。对于每一种优化器,它都支持使用衰减调度器来安排不同时间段的学习率。优化器和衰减调度器包含在<code>singa/opt.py</code>中。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="创建一个优化器"></a><a href="#创建一个优化器" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>创建一个优化器</h2>
+<ol>
+<li>带动量的SGD</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter learning rate</span>
+lr = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter momentum</span>
+momentum = <span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter weight decay</span>
+weight_decay = <span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=lr, momentum=momentum, weight_decay=weight_decay)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>RMSProp</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter learning rate</span>
+lr = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter rho</span>
+rho = <span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter epsilon</span>
+epsilon = <span class="hljs-number">1e-8</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter weight decay</span>
+weight_decay = <span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+sgd = opt.RMSProp(lr=lr, rho=rho, epsilon=epsilon, weight_decay=weight_decay)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>AdaGrad</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter learning rate</span>
+lr = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter epsilon</span>
+epsilon = <span class="hljs-number">1e-8</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter weight decay</span>
+weight_decay = <span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+sgd = opt.AdaGrad(lr=lr, epsilon=epsilon, weight_decay=weight_decay)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="4">
+<li>Adam</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter learning rate</span>
+lr = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter beta 1</span>
+beta_1= <span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter beta 2</span>
+beta_1= <span class="hljs-number">0.999</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter epsilon</span>
+epsilon = <span class="hljs-number">1e-8</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter weight decay</span>
+weight_decay = <span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+sgd = opt.Adam(lr=lr, beta_1=beta_1, beta_2=beta_2, epsilon=epsilon, weight_decay=weight_decay)
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="创建一个衰减调度器"></a><a href="#创建一个衰减调度器" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>创建一个衰减调度器</h2>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define initial learning rate</span>
+lr_init = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define the rate of decay in the decay scheduler</span>
+decay_rate = <span class="hljs-number">0.95</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define whether the learning rate schedule is a staircase shape</span>
+staircase=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define the decay step of the decay scheduler (in this example the lr is decreased at every 2 steps)</span>
+decay_steps = <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># create the decay scheduler, the schedule of lr becomes lr_init * (decay_rate ^ (step // decay_steps) )</span>
+lr = opt.ExponentialDecay(<span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.5</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># Use the lr to create an optimizer</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=lr, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="使用模型api中的优化器"></a><a href="#使用模型api中的优化器" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>使用模型API中的优化器</h2>
+<p>当我们创建模型时,我们需要将优化器附加到模型上:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># create a CNN using the Model API</span>
+model = CNN()
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># initialize optimizer and attach it to the model</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+</code></pre>
+<p>然后,当我们调用模型时,它会运行利用优化器的 <code>train_one_batch</code> 方法。</p>
+<p>因此,一个迭代循环优化模型的例子是:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_train_batch):
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># generate the next mini-batch</span>
+ x, y = ...
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Copy the data into input tensors</span>
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(x)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(y)
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Training with one batch</span>
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#创建一个优化器">创建一个优化器</a></li><li><a href="#创建一个衰减调度器">创建一个衰减调度器</a></li><li><a href="#使用模型api中的优化器">使用模型API中的优化器</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>SINGA支持各种流行的优化器,包括动量随机梯度下降、Adam、RMSProp和AdaGrad等。对于每一种优化器,它都支持使用衰减调度器来安排不同时间段的学习率。优化器和衰减调度器包含在<code>singa/opt.py</code>中。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="创建一个优化器"></a><a href="#创建一个优化器" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>创建一个优化器</h2>
+<ol>
+<li>带动量的SGD</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter learning rate</span>
+lr = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter momentum</span>
+momentum = <span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter weight decay</span>
+weight_decay = <span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=lr, momentum=momentum, weight_decay=weight_decay)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>RMSProp</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter learning rate</span>
+lr = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter rho</span>
+rho = <span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter epsilon</span>
+epsilon = <span class="hljs-number">1e-8</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter weight decay</span>
+weight_decay = <span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+sgd = opt.RMSProp(lr=lr, rho=rho, epsilon=epsilon, weight_decay=weight_decay)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>AdaGrad</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter learning rate</span>
+lr = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter epsilon</span>
+epsilon = <span class="hljs-number">1e-8</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter weight decay</span>
+weight_decay = <span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+sgd = opt.AdaGrad(lr=lr, epsilon=epsilon, weight_decay=weight_decay)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="4">
+<li>Adam</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter learning rate</span>
+lr = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter beta 1</span>
+beta_1= <span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter beta 2</span>
+beta_1= <span class="hljs-number">0.999</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter epsilon</span>
+epsilon = <span class="hljs-number">1e-8</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define hyperparameter weight decay</span>
+weight_decay = <span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+sgd = opt.Adam(lr=lr, beta_1=beta_1, beta_2=beta_2, epsilon=epsilon, weight_decay=weight_decay)
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="创建一个衰减调度器"></a><a href="#创建一个衰减调度器" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>创建一个衰减调度器</h2>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define initial learning rate</span>
+lr_init = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define the rate of decay in the decay scheduler</span>
+decay_rate = <span class="hljs-number">0.95</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define whether the learning rate schedule is a staircase shape</span>
+staircase=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define the decay step of the decay scheduler (in this example the lr is decreased at every 2 steps)</span>
+decay_steps = <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># create the decay scheduler, the schedule of lr becomes lr_init * (decay_rate ^ (step // decay_steps) )</span>
+lr = opt.ExponentialDecay(<span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.5</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># Use the lr to create an optimizer</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=lr, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="使用模型api中的优化器"></a><a href="#使用模型api中的优化器" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>使用模型API中的优化器</h2>
+<p>当我们创建模型时,我们需要将优化器附加到模型上:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># create a CNN using the Model API</span>
+model = CNN()
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># initialize optimizer and attach it to the model</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+</code></pre>
+<p>然后,当我们调用模型时,它会运行利用优化器的 <code>train_one_batch</code> 方法。</p>
+<p>因此,一个迭代循环优化模型的例子是:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_train_batch):
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># generate the next mini-batch</span>
+ x, y = ...
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Copy the data into input tensors</span>
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(x)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(y)
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Training with one batch</span>
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#创建一个优化器">创建一个优化器</a></li><li><a href="#创建一个衰减调度器">创建一个衰减调度器</a></li><li><a href="#使用模型api中的优化器">使用模型API中的优化器</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/security.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/security.html
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+<p>用户可以向<a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">SINGA安全团队邮件列表</a>报告安全漏洞。</p>
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+<p>用户可以向<a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">SINGA安全团队邮件列表</a>报告安全漏洞。</p>
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+<p>SINGA的软件栈包括两个主要层次,底层后端和Python接口层。图1展示了它们与硬件的关系。后端组件为深度学习模型提供基本的数据结构,为调度和执行操作提供硬件抽象,为分布式训练提供通信组件。Python接口封装了部分CPP数据结构,并为神经网络训练提供了额外的高级类,方便实现复杂的神经网络模型。</p>
+<p>接下来,我们以自下而上的方式介绍软件栈。</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/singav3.1-sw.png" alt="SINGA V3 software stack"> <br/> <strong>Figure 1 - SINGA V3
+软件栈结构</strong></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="底层后端"></a><a href="#底层后端" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>底层后端</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="device"></a><a href="#device" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Device</h3>
+<p>每个<code>Device</code>实例,即一个设备,是针对一个硬件设备创建的,例如GPU或CPU。<code>Device</code>管理数据结构的内存,并调度操作的执行,例如,在CUDA流或CPU线程上。根据硬件及其编程语言,SINGA实现了以下特定的设备类。</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong>CudaGPU</strong> 代表Nvidia GPU卡,执行单元是CUDA流。</li>
+<li><strong>CppCPU</strong> 代表一个普通的CPU,执行单位是CPU线程。</li>
+<li><strong>OpenclGPU</strong> 代表Nvidia和AMD的普通GPU卡,执行单位是CommandQueue,鉴于OpenCL与许多硬件设备兼容,如FPGA和ARM,OpenclGPU可以扩展到其他设备。</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor"></a><a href="#tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor</h3>
+<p><code>Tensor</code>类表示一个多维数组,它存储模型变量,例如,来自卷积层的输入图像和特征图。每个<code>Tensor</code>实例(即张量)都分配在一个设备上,它管理张量的内存,并针对张量调度(计算)操作。大多数机器学习算法可以使用(密集或稀疏)张量抽象及其操作来表达。因此,SINGA将能够运行广泛的模型,包括深度学习模型和其他传统的机器学习模型。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="operator"></a><a href="#operator" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Operator</h3>
+<p>针对张量的运算符有两类,一类是线性代数运算符,如矩阵乘法,另一类是神经网络特有的运算符,如卷积和池化。线性代数运算符以<code>Tensor</code>函数的形式提供,并针对不同的硬件设备分别实现。</p>
+<ul>
+<li>CppMath (tensor_math_cpp.h) 为CppCPU使用Cpp实现张量运算。</li>
+<li>CudaMath (tensor_math_cuda.h) 为CudaGPU使用CUDA实现张量运算。</li>
+<li>OpenclMath(tensor_math_opencl.h) 使用OpenCL实现了OpenclGPU的张量运算。</li>
+</ul>
+<p>神经网络的具体运算符也是单独实现的,例如:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>GpuConvFoward (convolution.h) 在Nvidia GPU上通过CuDNN实现卷积的前向函数。</li>
+<li>CpuConvForward (convolution.h) 在CPU上使用CPP实现卷积的前向函数。</li>
+</ul>
+<p>通常情况下,用户会创建一个<code>Device</code>实例,并使用它来创建多个<code>Tensor</code>实例。当用户调用Tensor函数或神经网络操作时,会调用常驻设备的相应实现。换句话说,操作符的实现对用户是透明的。</p>
+<p>Tensor和Device抽象是可扩展的,以支持使用不同编程语言的各种硬件设备。一个新的硬件设备将通过添加一个新的Device子类和相应的操作符的实现来支持。</p>
+<p>在速度和内存方面的优化是由<code>Device</code>的<code>Scheduler</code>和<code>MemPool</code>完成的。例如,<code>Scheduler</code>根据运算符的依赖性创建一个<a href="./graph">计算图</a>,然后它可以优化运算符的执行顺序,以实现并行性和内存共享。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="communicator"></a><a href="#communicator" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Communicator</h3>
+<p><code>Communicator</code>是为了支持<a href="./dist-train">分布式训练</a>。它使用套接字、MPI和NCCL实现通信协议。通常情况下,用户只需要调用<code>put()</code>和<code>get()</code>等高级API来发送和接收tensors。针对拓扑结构、消息大小等的通信优化在内部完成。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-接口层"></a><a href="#python-接口层" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python 接口层</h2>
+<p>所有的后端组件都通过SWIG作为Python模块暴露出来。此外,还添加了以下类来支持复杂神经网络的实现:</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="opt"></a><a href="#opt" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Opt</h3>
+<p><code>Opt</code>及其子类实现了使用参数梯度更新模型参数值的方法(如SGD)。子类<a href="./dist-train">DistOpt</a>通过调用<code>Communicator</code>中的方法来同步分布式训练的worker之间的梯度。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="operator-1"></a><a href="#operator-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Operator</h3>
+<p><code>Operator</code>包装了多个使用后端Tensor或神经网络运算符实现的函数。例如,前向函数和后向函数<code>ReLU</code>组成<code>ReLU</code>运算符。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="layer"></a><a href="#layer" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Layer</h3>
+<p><code>Layer</code>和它的子类用参数来包装运算符。例如,卷积和线性运算符有权重和偏置参数。 这些参数由相应的<code>Layer</code>类维护。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="autograd"></a><a href="#autograd" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Autograd</h3>
+<p><code>Autograd</code>通过记录运算符的前向函数的执行情况,自动按照相反的顺序调用后向函数,实现了<a href="https://rufflewind.com/2016-12-30/reverse-mode-automatic-differentiation">反向模式的自动微分</a>。所有的函数都可以通过<code>Scheduler</code>进行缓冲,建立<a href="./graph">计算图</a>,以提高效率和内存优化。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="model"></a><a href="#model" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Model</h3>
+<p><a href="./graph">Model</a>提供了一个简单的接口来实现新的网络模型。你只需要继承<code>Model</code>,通过创建和调用层或运算符来定义模型的前向传播。当训练数据输入到<code>Model</code>中时,<code>Model</code>会自动进行autograd并通过<code>Opt</code>自动更新参数。通过<code>Model</code> API,SINGA充分利用了命令式编程和声明式编程的优势。用户使用<a href="./graph">Model</a> API按照PyTorch那样的命令式编程风格来实现一个网络,PyTorch在每次迭代中都会重新创建操作,而SINGA则不同,它在第一次迭代后就会缓冲操作,隐式地创建一个计算图(当该功能被启用时)。该图类似于使用声明式编程的库所创建的图,例如TensorFlow。因此,SINGA可以在计算图上应用内存和速度优化技术。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="onnx"></a><a href="#onnx" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>ONNX</h3>
+<p>为了支持ONNX,SINGA实现了一个<a href="./onnx">sonnx</a>模块,其中包括。</p>
+<ul>
+<li>SingaFrontend用于将SINGA模型保存为onnx格式。</li>
+<li>SingaBackend 用于将 onnx 格式的模型加载到 SINGA 中进行训练和inference。</li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#底层后端">底层后端</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-接口层">Python 接口层</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>SINGA的软件栈包括两个主要层次,底层后端和Python接口层。图1展示了它们与硬件的关系。后端组件为深度学习模型提供基本的数据结构,为调度和执行操作提供硬件抽象,为分布式训练提供通信组件。Python接口封装了部分CPP数据结构,并为神经网络训练提供了额外的高级类,方便实现复杂的神经网络模型。</p>
+<p>接下来,我们以自下而上的方式介绍软件栈。</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/singav3.1-sw.png" alt="SINGA V3 software stack"> <br/> <strong>Figure 1 - SINGA V3
+软件栈结构</strong></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="底层后端"></a><a href="#底层后端" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>底层后端</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="device"></a><a href="#device" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Device</h3>
+<p>每个<code>Device</code>实例,即一个设备,是针对一个硬件设备创建的,例如GPU或CPU。<code>Device</code>管理数据结构的内存,并调度操作的执行,例如,在CUDA流或CPU线程上。根据硬件及其编程语言,SINGA实现了以下特定的设备类。</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong>CudaGPU</strong> 代表Nvidia GPU卡,执行单元是CUDA流。</li>
+<li><strong>CppCPU</strong> 代表一个普通的CPU,执行单位是CPU线程。</li>
+<li><strong>OpenclGPU</strong> 代表Nvidia和AMD的普通GPU卡,执行单位是CommandQueue,鉴于OpenCL与许多硬件设备兼容,如FPGA和ARM,OpenclGPU可以扩展到其他设备。</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor"></a><a href="#tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor</h3>
+<p><code>Tensor</code>类表示一个多维数组,它存储模型变量,例如,来自卷积层的输入图像和特征图。每个<code>Tensor</code>实例(即张量)都分配在一个设备上,它管理张量的内存,并针对张量调度(计算)操作。大多数机器学习算法可以使用(密集或稀疏)张量抽象及其操作来表达。因此,SINGA将能够运行广泛的模型,包括深度学习模型和其他传统的机器学习模型。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="operator"></a><a href="#operator" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Operator</h3>
+<p>针对张量的运算符有两类,一类是线性代数运算符,如矩阵乘法,另一类是神经网络特有的运算符,如卷积和池化。线性代数运算符以<code>Tensor</code>函数的形式提供,并针对不同的硬件设备分别实现。</p>
+<ul>
+<li>CppMath (tensor_math_cpp.h) 为CppCPU使用Cpp实现张量运算。</li>
+<li>CudaMath (tensor_math_cuda.h) 为CudaGPU使用CUDA实现张量运算。</li>
+<li>OpenclMath(tensor_math_opencl.h) 使用OpenCL实现了OpenclGPU的张量运算。</li>
+</ul>
+<p>神经网络的具体运算符也是单独实现的,例如:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>GpuConvFoward (convolution.h) 在Nvidia GPU上通过CuDNN实现卷积的前向函数。</li>
+<li>CpuConvForward (convolution.h) 在CPU上使用CPP实现卷积的前向函数。</li>
+</ul>
+<p>通常情况下,用户会创建一个<code>Device</code>实例,并使用它来创建多个<code>Tensor</code>实例。当用户调用Tensor函数或神经网络操作时,会调用常驻设备的相应实现。换句话说,操作符的实现对用户是透明的。</p>
+<p>Tensor和Device抽象是可扩展的,以支持使用不同编程语言的各种硬件设备。一个新的硬件设备将通过添加一个新的Device子类和相应的操作符的实现来支持。</p>
+<p>在速度和内存方面的优化是由<code>Device</code>的<code>Scheduler</code>和<code>MemPool</code>完成的。例如,<code>Scheduler</code>根据运算符的依赖性创建一个<a href="./graph">计算图</a>,然后它可以优化运算符的执行顺序,以实现并行性和内存共享。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="communicator"></a><a href="#communicator" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Communicator</h3>
+<p><code>Communicator</code>是为了支持<a href="./dist-train">分布式训练</a>。它使用套接字、MPI和NCCL实现通信协议。通常情况下,用户只需要调用<code>put()</code>和<code>get()</code>等高级API来发送和接收tensors。针对拓扑结构、消息大小等的通信优化在内部完成。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-接口层"></a><a href="#python-接口层" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python 接口层</h2>
+<p>所有的后端组件都通过SWIG作为Python模块暴露出来。此外,还添加了以下类来支持复杂神经网络的实现:</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="opt"></a><a href="#opt" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Opt</h3>
+<p><code>Opt</code>及其子类实现了使用参数梯度更新模型参数值的方法(如SGD)。子类<a href="./dist-train">DistOpt</a>通过调用<code>Communicator</code>中的方法来同步分布式训练的worker之间的梯度。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="operator-1"></a><a href="#operator-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Operator</h3>
+<p><code>Operator</code>包装了多个使用后端Tensor或神经网络运算符实现的函数。例如,前向函数和后向函数<code>ReLU</code>组成<code>ReLU</code>运算符。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="layer"></a><a href="#layer" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Layer</h3>
+<p><code>Layer</code>和它的子类用参数来包装运算符。例如,卷积和线性运算符有权重和偏置参数。 这些参数由相应的<code>Layer</code>类维护。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="autograd"></a><a href="#autograd" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Autograd</h3>
+<p><code>Autograd</code>通过记录运算符的前向函数的执行情况,自动按照相反的顺序调用后向函数,实现了<a href="https://rufflewind.com/2016-12-30/reverse-mode-automatic-differentiation">反向模式的自动微分</a>。所有的函数都可以通过<code>Scheduler</code>进行缓冲,建立<a href="./graph">计算图</a>,以提高效率和内存优化。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="model"></a><a href="#model" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Model</h3>
+<p><a href="./graph">Model</a>提供了一个简单的接口来实现新的网络模型。你只需要继承<code>Model</code>,通过创建和调用层或运算符来定义模型的前向传播。当训练数据输入到<code>Model</code>中时,<code>Model</code>会自动进行autograd并通过<code>Opt</code>自动更新参数。通过<code>Model</code> API,SINGA充分利用了命令式编程和声明式编程的优势。用户使用<a href="./graph">Model</a> API按照PyTorch那样的命令式编程风格来实现一个网络,PyTorch在每次迭代中都会重新创建操作,而SINGA则不同,它在第一次迭代后就会缓冲操作,隐式地创建一个计算图(当该功能被启用时)。该图类似于使用声明式编程的库所创建的图,例如TensorFlow。因此,SINGA可以在计算图上应用内存和速度优化技术。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="onnx"></a><a href="#onnx" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>ONNX</h3>
+<p>为了支持ONNX,SINGA实现了一个<a href="./onnx">sonnx</a>模块,其中包括。</p>
+<ul>
+<li>SingaFrontend用于将SINGA模型保存为onnx格式。</li>
+<li>SingaBackend 用于将 onnx 格式的模型加载到 SINGA 中进行训练和inference。</li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#底层后端">底层后端</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-接口层">Python 接口层</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Source Repository · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Chinese"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Source Repository · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Chinese</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive siteNavItemActive"><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Community</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Community</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/source-repository">Source Repository</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/mail-lists">Project Mailing Lists</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/issue-tracking">Issue Tracking</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/security">Security</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/team-list">The SINGA Team</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/history-singa">History of SINGA</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Wheel Package</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu">CPU only</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu-dev">CPU only (dev version)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-gpu">CUDA enabled</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-gpu-dev">CUDA enabled (dev version)</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+ coll[i].childNodes[1].classList.toggle('rotate');
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+ break;
+ }
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+ var arrow = this.childNodes[1];
+ arrow.classList.toggle('rotate');
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+<p>本项目使用<a href="http://git-scm.com/">Git</a>来管理其源代码。关于Git的使用说明可以在 <a href="http://git-scm.com/documentation">http://git-scm.com/documentation</a> 找到。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="repository"></a><a href="#repository" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Repository</h2>
+<p>以下是在线资源库的链接:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf?p=singa.git">https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf?p=singa.git</a></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Github镜像在:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">https://github.com/apache/singa</a></li>
+</ul>
+<p>代码可以从任何一个repo中克隆,例如:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
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+ indexName: 'apache_singa',
+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
+ algoliaOptions: {"facetFilters":["language:en","version:3.0.0"]}
+ });
+ </script></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Source Repository · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Chinese"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Source Repository · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Chinese</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive siteNavItemActive"><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Community</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Community</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/source-repository">Source Repository</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/mail-lists">Project Mailing Lists</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/issue-tracking">Issue Tracking</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/security">Security</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/team-list">The SINGA Team</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/history-singa">History of SINGA</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Wheel Package</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu">CPU only</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu-dev">CPU only (dev version)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-gpu">CUDA enabled</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-gpu-dev">CUDA enabled (dev version)</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/source-repository.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Source Repository</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>本项目使用<a href="http://git-scm.com/">Git</a>来管理其源代码。关于Git的使用说明可以在 <a href="http://git-scm.com/documentation">http://git-scm.com/documentation</a> 找到。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="repository"></a><a href="#repository" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Repository</h2>
+<p>以下是在线资源库的链接:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf?p=singa.git">https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf?p=singa.git</a></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Github镜像在:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">https://github.com/apache/singa</a></li>
+</ul>
+<p>代码可以从任何一个repo中克隆,例如:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/team-list.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/team-list.html
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+++ b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/team-list.html
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>The SINGA Team · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Chinese"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="The SINGA Team · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
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+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Chinese</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Community</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Community</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/source-repository">Source Repository</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/mail-lists">Project Mailing Lists</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/issue-tracking">Issue Tracking</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/security">Security</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/team-list">The SINGA Team</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/history-singa">History of SINGA</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Wheel Package</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu">CPU only</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu-dev">CPU only (dev version)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-gpu">CUDA enabled</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-gpu-dev">CUDA enabled (dev version)</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
+ var coll = document.getElementsByClassName('collapsible');
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+ for (var i = 0; i < coll.length; i++) {
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+ for (var j = 0; j < links.length; j++) {
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+ coll[i].nextElementSibling.classList.toggle('hide');
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+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ }
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+ var arrow = this.childNodes[1];
+ arrow.classList.toggle('rotate');
+ var content = this.nextElementSibling;
+ content.classList.toggle('hide');
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+ }
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+ createToggler('#tocToggler', 'body', 'tocActive');
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+
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+ event.preventDefault();
+
+ target.classList.toggle(className);
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/team-list.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">The SINGA Team</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>一个成功的项目需要许多人扮演许多角色,有些成员编写代码或文档,而其他成员则作为测试人员,提交补丁和建议。</p>
+<p>SINGA社区的开发者主要来自新加坡国立大学、浙江大学、网易、大阪大学、yzBigData等。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="pmc"></a><a href="#pmc" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>PMC</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Name</th><th>Email</th><th>Organization</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Gang Chen</td><td><a href="mailto:cg@apache.org">cg@apache.org</a></td><td>Zhejiang University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Anh Dinh</td><td><a href="mailto:dinhtta@apache.org">dinhtta@apache.org</a></td><td>Singapore University of Technology and Design</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Ted Dunning</td><td><a href="mailto:tdunning@apache.org">tdunning@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Jinyang Gao</td><td><a href="mailto:jinyang@apache.org">jinyang@apache.org</a></td><td>DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Alan Gates</td><td><a href="mailto:gates@apache.org">gates@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Zhaojing Luo</td><td><a href="mailto:zhaojing@apache.org">zhaojing@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Thejas Nair</td><td><a href="mailto:thejas@apache.org">thejas@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Beng Chin Ooi</td><td><a href="mailto:ooibc@apache.org">ooibc@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>Université Grenoble Alpes</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Kian-Lee Tan</td><td><a href="mailto:tankianlee@apache.org">tankianlee@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Sheng Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangsh@apache.org">wangsh@apache.org</a></td><td>DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wei Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangwei@apache.org">wangwei@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Zhongle Xie</td><td><a href="mailto:zhongle@apache.org">zhongle@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Sai Ho Yeung</td><td><a href="mailto:chrishkchris@apache.org">chrishkchris@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Meihui Zhang</td><td><a href="mailto:meihuizhang@apache.org">meihuizhang@apache.org</a></td><td>Beijing Institute of Technology</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Kaiping Zheng</td><td><a href="mailto:kaiping@apache.org">kaiping@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="committers"></a><a href="#committers" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Committers</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Name</th><th>Email</th><th>Organization</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Xiangrui Cai</td><td><a href="mailto:caixr@apache.org">caixr@apache.org</a></td><td>Nankai University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Chonho Lee</td><td><a href="mailto:chonho@apache.org">chonho@apache.org</a></td><td>Osaka University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Shicong Lin</td><td><a href="mailto:shicong@apache.org">shicong@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Rulin Xing</td><td><a href="mailto:rulin@apache.org">rulin@apache.org</a></td><td>Huazhong University of Science and Technology</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wanqi Xue</td><td><a href="mailto:xuewanqi@apache.org">xuewanqi@apache.org</a></td><td>Nanyang Technological University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Joddiy Zhang</td><td><a href="mailto:joddiyzhang@apache.org">joddiyzhang@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="contributors"></a><a href="#contributors" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Contributors</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Name</th><th>Email</th><th>Organization</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Haibo Chen</td><td><a href="mailto:hzchenhaibo@corp.netease.com">hzchenhaibo@corp.netease.com</a></td><td>NetEase</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Shicheng Chen</td><td><a href="mailto:chengsc@comp.nus.edu.sg">chengsc@comp.nus.edu.sg</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Xin Ji</td><td><a href="mailto:vincent.j.xin@gmail.com">vincent.j.xin@gmail.com</a></td><td>Visenze, Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Anthony K. H. Tung</td><td><a href="mailto:atung@comp.nus.edu.sg">atung@comp.nus.edu.sg</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Ji Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangji@mzhtechnologies.com">wangji@mzhtechnologies.com</a></td><td>Hangzhou MZH Technologies</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Yuan Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangyuan@corp.netease.com">wangyuan@corp.netease.com</a></td><td>NetEase</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wenfeng Wu</td><td><a href="mailto:dcswuw@gmail.com">dcswuw@gmail.com</a></td><td>Freelancer, China</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Kaiyuan Yang</td><td><a href="mailto:yangky@comp.nus.edu.sg">yangky@comp.nus.edu.sg</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Chang Yao</td><td><a href="mailto:yaochang2009@gmail.com">yaochang2009@gmail.com</a></td><td>Hangzhou MZH Technologies</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>The SINGA Team · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Chinese"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="The SINGA Team · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Chinese</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Community</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Community</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/source-repository">Source Repository</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/mail-lists">Project Mailing Lists</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/issue-tracking">Issue Tracking</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/security">Security</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/team-list">The SINGA Team</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/history-singa">History of SINGA</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Wheel Package</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu">CPU only</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu-dev">CPU only (dev version)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-gpu">CUDA enabled</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-gpu-dev">CUDA enabled (dev version)</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+<p>一个成功的项目需要许多人扮演许多角色,有些成员编写代码或文档,而其他成员则作为测试人员,提交补丁和建议。</p>
+<p>SINGA社区的开发者主要来自新加坡国立大学、浙江大学、网易、大阪大学、yzBigData等。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="pmc"></a><a href="#pmc" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>PMC</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Name</th><th>Email</th><th>Organization</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Gang Chen</td><td><a href="mailto:cg@apache.org">cg@apache.org</a></td><td>Zhejiang University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Anh Dinh</td><td><a href="mailto:dinhtta@apache.org">dinhtta@apache.org</a></td><td>Singapore University of Technology and Design</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Ted Dunning</td><td><a href="mailto:tdunning@apache.org">tdunning@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Jinyang Gao</td><td><a href="mailto:jinyang@apache.org">jinyang@apache.org</a></td><td>DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Alan Gates</td><td><a href="mailto:gates@apache.org">gates@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Zhaojing Luo</td><td><a href="mailto:zhaojing@apache.org">zhaojing@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Thejas Nair</td><td><a href="mailto:thejas@apache.org">thejas@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Beng Chin Ooi</td><td><a href="mailto:ooibc@apache.org">ooibc@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>Université Grenoble Alpes</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Kian-Lee Tan</td><td><a href="mailto:tankianlee@apache.org">tankianlee@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Sheng Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangsh@apache.org">wangsh@apache.org</a></td><td>DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wei Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangwei@apache.org">wangwei@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Zhongle Xie</td><td><a href="mailto:zhongle@apache.org">zhongle@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Sai Ho Yeung</td><td><a href="mailto:chrishkchris@apache.org">chrishkchris@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Meihui Zhang</td><td><a href="mailto:meihuizhang@apache.org">meihuizhang@apache.org</a></td><td>Beijing Institute of Technology</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Kaiping Zheng</td><td><a href="mailto:kaiping@apache.org">kaiping@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
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+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Name</th><th>Email</th><th>Organization</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Xiangrui Cai</td><td><a href="mailto:caixr@apache.org">caixr@apache.org</a></td><td>Nankai University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Chonho Lee</td><td><a href="mailto:chonho@apache.org">chonho@apache.org</a></td><td>Osaka University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Shicong Lin</td><td><a href="mailto:shicong@apache.org">shicong@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Rulin Xing</td><td><a href="mailto:rulin@apache.org">rulin@apache.org</a></td><td>Huazhong University of Science and Technology</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wanqi Xue</td><td><a href="mailto:xuewanqi@apache.org">xuewanqi@apache.org</a></td><td>Nanyang Technological University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Joddiy Zhang</td><td><a href="mailto:joddiyzhang@apache.org">joddiyzhang@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="contributors"></a><a href="#contributors" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Contributors</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Name</th><th>Email</th><th>Organization</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Haibo Chen</td><td><a href="mailto:hzchenhaibo@corp.netease.com">hzchenhaibo@corp.netease.com</a></td><td>NetEase</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Shicheng Chen</td><td><a href="mailto:chengsc@comp.nus.edu.sg">chengsc@comp.nus.edu.sg</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Xin Ji</td><td><a href="mailto:vincent.j.xin@gmail.com">vincent.j.xin@gmail.com</a></td><td>Visenze, Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Anthony K. H. Tung</td><td><a href="mailto:atung@comp.nus.edu.sg">atung@comp.nus.edu.sg</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Ji Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangji@mzhtechnologies.com">wangji@mzhtechnologies.com</a></td><td>Hangzhou MZH Technologies</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Yuan Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangyuan@corp.netease.com">wangyuan@corp.netease.com</a></td><td>NetEase</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wenfeng Wu</td><td><a href="mailto:dcswuw@gmail.com">dcswuw@gmail.com</a></td><td>Freelancer, China</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Kaiyuan Yang</td><td><a href="mailto:yangky@comp.nus.edu.sg">yangky@comp.nus.edu.sg</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Chang Yao</td><td><a href="mailto:yaochang2009@gmail.com">yaochang2009@gmail.com</a></td><td>Hangzhou MZH Technologies</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>每个Tensor实例都是分配在特定设备实例上的多维数组。Tensor实例可以存储变量,并在不同类型的硬件设备上提供线性代数运算,而无需用户察觉。需要注意的是,除了复制函数外,用户需要确保张量操作数分配在同一个设备上。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor用法"></a><a href="#tensor用法" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor用法</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="创建tensor"></a><a href="#创建tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>创建Tensor</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> numpy <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> np
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensor
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.from_numpy( np.asarray([[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>], [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>]], dtype=np.float32) )
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]]
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="转换到numpy"></a><a href="#转换到numpy" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>转换到numpy</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a = np.asarray([[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>], [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>]], dtype=np.float32)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.from_numpy(a)
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.to_numpy(tensor.from_numpy(a))
+array([[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>],
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]], dtype=float32)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor方法"></a><a href="#tensor方法" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor方法</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>t = tensor.from_numpy(a)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>t.transpose([<span class="hljs-number">1</span>,<span class="hljs-number">0</span>])
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]]
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>Tensor</code>变换,最多支持6维。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a = tensor.random((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>,<span class="hljs-number">5</span>,<span class="hljs-number">6</span>,<span class="hljs-number">7</span>))
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a.shape
+(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, <span class="hljs-number">6</span>, <span class="hljs-number">7</span>)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a.reshape((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>,<span class="hljs-number">5</span>,<span class="hljs-number">7</span>,<span class="hljs-number">6</span>)).transpose((<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">1</span>,<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>,<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)).shape
+(<span class="hljs-number">5</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">7</span>, <span class="hljs-number">6</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor算术方法"></a><a href="#tensor算术方法" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor算术方法</h3>
+<p><code>tensor</code>是实时计算的:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>t + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
+[[<span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>t / <span class="hljs-number">5</span>
+[[<span class="hljs-number">0.2</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.2</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> ]]
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>tensor</code> broadcasting运算:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.</span> <span class="hljs-number">6.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>b
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a + b
+[[<span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">6.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">5.</span> <span class="hljs-number">7.</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a * b
+[[ <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.</span>]
+ [ <span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">10.</span> <span class="hljs-number">18.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a / b
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.5</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> ]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a/=b <span class="hljs-comment"># inplace operation</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.5</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> ]]
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>tensor</code> broadcasting矩阵乘法:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensor
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a = tensor.random((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>))
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>b = tensor.random((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>))
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.mult(a,b).shape
+(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor函数"></a><a href="#tensor函数" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor函数</h3>
+<p><code>singa.tensor</code>模块中的函数在应用函数中定义的变换后返回新的<code>Tensor</code>对象。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.log(t+<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+[[<span class="hljs-number">0.6931472</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.6931472</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> ]]
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor在不同devices上"></a><a href="#tensor在不同devices上" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor在不同Devices上</h3>
+<p><code>tensor</code>默认在主机(CPU)上创建;也可以通过指定设备在不同的硬件<code>device</code>上创建。<code>tensor</code>可以通过<code>to_device()</code>函数在<code>device</code>之间移动。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> device
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x = tensor.Tensor((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>), device.create_cuda_gpu())
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x.gaussian(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>,<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.531889</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.0128608</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.12691343</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">2.1674204</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.083676</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.7421203</span> ]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-comment"># move to host</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x.to_device(device.get_default_device())
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="使用tensor训练mlp"></a><a href="#使用tensor训练mlp" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>使用Tensor训练MLP</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">
+<span class="hljs-string">"""
+ code snipet from examples/mlp/module.py
+"""</span>
+
+label = get_label()
+data = get_data()
+
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu_on(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+sgd = opt.SGD(<span class="hljs-number">0.05</span>)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define tensor for input data and label</span>
+tx = tensor.Tensor((<span class="hljs-number">400</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>), dev, tensor.float32)
+ty = tensor.Tensor((<span class="hljs-number">400</span>,), dev, tensor.int32)
+model = MLP(data_size=<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, perceptron_size=<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">2</span>)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># attached model to graph</span>
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+model.compile([tx], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, use_graph=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+model.train()
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">1001</span>):
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(data)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(label)
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty, <span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>, spars=<span class="hljs-literal">None</span>)
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> i % <span class="hljs-number">100</span> == <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
+ print(<span class="hljs-string">"training loss = "</span>, tensor.to_numpy(loss)[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>])
+</code></pre>
+<p>输出:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">$ python3 examples/mlp/module.py
+training loss = 0.6158037
+training loss = 0.52852553
+training loss = 0.4571422
+training loss = 0.37274635
+training loss = 0.30146334
+training loss = 0.24906921
+training loss = 0.21128304
+training loss = 0.18390492
+training loss = 0.16362564
+training loss = 0.148164
+training loss = 0.13589878
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor实现"></a><a href="#tensor实现" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor实现</h2>
+<p>上一节介绍了<code>Tensor</code>的一般用法,下面将介绍其底层的实现。首先,将介绍Python和C++ tensors的设计。后面会讲到前端(Python)和后端(C++)如何连接,如何扩展。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-tensor"></a><a href="#python-tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python Tensor</h3>
+<p>Python类<code>Tensor</code>,定义在<code>python/singa/tensor.py</code>中,提供了高层的张量操作,用于实现深度学习操作(通过<a href="./autograd">autograd</a>),以及终端用户的数据管理。</p>
+<p>它主要是通过简单地封装C++张量方法来工作,包括算术方法(如<code>sum</code>)和非算术方法(如<code>reshape</code>)。一些高级的算术运算以后会引入,并使用纯Python的张量API来实现,如<code>tensordot</code>。Python Tensor API可以利用灵活的方法轻松实现复杂的神经网络操作。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="c-tensor"></a><a href="#c-tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>C++ Tensor</h3>
+<p>C++类<code>Tensor</code>,定义在<code>include/singa/core/tensor.h</code>中,主要是管理存放数据的内存,并提供低级的API用于张量操作。同时,它还通过封装不同的后端(CUDA、BLAS、cuBLAS等)提供各种算术方法(如<code>matmul</code>)。</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="执行背景和内存块"></a><a href="#执行背景和内存块" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>执行背景和内存块</h4>
+<p>Tensor的两个重要概念或者说数据结构是执行背景<code>device</code>,和内存块<code>Block</code>。</p>
+<p>每个<code>Tensor</code>物理上存储在一个硬件设备上,并由硬件设备管理,代表执行背景(CPU、GPU),Tensor的数学计算是在设备上执行的。</p>
+<p>Tensor数据在<code>Block</code>实例中,定义在<code>include/singa/core/common.h</code>中。<code>Block</code>拥有底层数据,而tensors则在描述tensor的元数据上拥有所有权,比如<code>shape</code>、<code>stride</code>。</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor数学后端"></a><a href="#tensor数学后端" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor数学后端</h4>
+<p>为了利用不同后端硬件设备提供的高效数学库,SINGA为每个支持的后端设备提供了一套Tensor函数的实现。</p>
+<ul>
+<li>'tensor_math_cpp.h'为CppCPU设备使用Cpp(带CBLAS)实现操作。</li>
+<li>'tensor_math_cuda.h'为CudaGPU设备实现了使用Cuda(带cuBLAS)的操作。</li>
+<li>'tensor_math_opencl.h'为OpenclGPU设备实现了使用OpenCL的操作。</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="将c-apis暴露给python"></a><a href="#将c-apis暴露给python" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>将C++ APIs暴露给Python</h3>
+<p>SWIG(<a href="http://www.swig.org/)是一个可以自动将C++">http://www.swig.org/)是一个可以自动将C++</a> API转换为Python API的工具。SINGA使用SWIG将C++ APIs公开到Python中。SWIG会生成几个文件,包括<code>python/singa/singa_wrap.py</code>。Python模块(如<code>tensor</code>、<code>device</code>和<code>autograd</code>)导入这个模块来调用C++ API来实现Python类和函数。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensor
+
+t = tensor.Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>))
+</code></pre>
+<p>例如,当按上面的方法创建Python <code>Tensor</code>实例时,<code>Tensor</code>类的实现会创建一个在<code>singa_wrap.py</code>中定义的Tensor类的实例,它对应于C++ <code>Tensor</code>类。为了清楚起见,<code>singa_wrap.py</code>中的<code>Tensor</code>类在<code>tensor.py</code>中被称为<code>CTensor</code>。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># in tensor.py</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> . <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> singa_wrap <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> singa
+
+CTensor = singa.Tensor
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="创建新的tensor函数"></a><a href="#创建新的tensor函数" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>创建新的Tensor函数</h3>
+<p>有了前面的描述所奠定的基础,扩展张量函数可以用自下而上的方式轻松完成。对于数学运算,其步骤是:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>在<code>tensor.h</code>中声明新的API。</li>
+<li>使用 <code>tensor.cc</code> 中预定义的宏生成代码,参考 <code>GenUnaryTensorFn(Abs);</code> 。</li>
+<li>在<code>tensor_math.h</code>中声明template 方法/函数。</li>
+<li>至少在CPU(<code>tensor_math_cpp.h</code>)和GPU(<code>tensor_math_cuda.h</code>)中进行真正的实现。</li>
+<li>将 API 加入到 <code>src/api/core_tensor.i</code> 中,通过 SWIG 公开 API。</li>
+<li>通过调用 <code>singa_wrap.py</code> 中自动生成的函数,在 <code>tensor.py</code> 中定义 Python Tensor API。</li>
+<li>在适当的地方编写单元测试</li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
+<p><em>进行中</em></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
+<p><em>进行中</em></p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor用法">Tensor用法</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#创建tensor">创建Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#转换到numpy">转换到numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor方法">Tensor方法</a></li><li><a href="#tensor算术方法">Tensor算术方法</a></li><li><a href="#tensor函数">Tensor函数</a></li><li><a href="#tensor在不同devices上">Tensor在不同Devices上</a></li><li><a href="#使用tensor训练mlp">使用Tensor训练MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor实现">Tensor实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#将c-apis暴露给python">将C++ APIs暴露给Python</a></li><li><a href="#创建新的tensor函数">创建新的Tensor函数</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>每个Tensor实例都是分配在特定设备实例上的多维数组。Tensor实例可以存储变量,并在不同类型的硬件设备上提供线性代数运算,而无需用户察觉。需要注意的是,除了复制函数外,用户需要确保张量操作数分配在同一个设备上。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor用法"></a><a href="#tensor用法" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor用法</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="创建tensor"></a><a href="#创建tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>创建Tensor</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> numpy <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> np
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensor
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.from_numpy( np.asarray([[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>], [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>]], dtype=np.float32) )
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]]
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="转换到numpy"></a><a href="#转换到numpy" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>转换到numpy</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a = np.asarray([[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>], [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>]], dtype=np.float32)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.from_numpy(a)
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.to_numpy(tensor.from_numpy(a))
+array([[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>],
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]], dtype=float32)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor方法"></a><a href="#tensor方法" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor方法</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>t = tensor.from_numpy(a)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>t.transpose([<span class="hljs-number">1</span>,<span class="hljs-number">0</span>])
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]]
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>Tensor</code>变换,最多支持6维。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a = tensor.random((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>,<span class="hljs-number">5</span>,<span class="hljs-number">6</span>,<span class="hljs-number">7</span>))
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a.shape
+(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, <span class="hljs-number">6</span>, <span class="hljs-number">7</span>)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a.reshape((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>,<span class="hljs-number">5</span>,<span class="hljs-number">7</span>,<span class="hljs-number">6</span>)).transpose((<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">1</span>,<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>,<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)).shape
+(<span class="hljs-number">5</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">7</span>, <span class="hljs-number">6</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor算术方法"></a><a href="#tensor算术方法" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor算术方法</h3>
+<p><code>tensor</code>是实时计算的:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>t + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
+[[<span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>t / <span class="hljs-number">5</span>
+[[<span class="hljs-number">0.2</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.2</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> ]]
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>tensor</code> broadcasting运算:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.</span> <span class="hljs-number">6.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>b
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a + b
+[[<span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">6.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">5.</span> <span class="hljs-number">7.</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a * b
+[[ <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.</span>]
+ [ <span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">10.</span> <span class="hljs-number">18.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a / b
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.5</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> ]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a/=b <span class="hljs-comment"># inplace operation</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.5</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> ]]
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>tensor</code> broadcasting矩阵乘法:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensor
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a = tensor.random((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>))
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>b = tensor.random((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>))
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.mult(a,b).shape
+(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor函数"></a><a href="#tensor函数" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor函数</h3>
+<p><code>singa.tensor</code>模块中的函数在应用函数中定义的变换后返回新的<code>Tensor</code>对象。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.log(t+<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+[[<span class="hljs-number">0.6931472</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.6931472</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> ]]
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor在不同devices上"></a><a href="#tensor在不同devices上" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor在不同Devices上</h3>
+<p><code>tensor</code>默认在主机(CPU)上创建;也可以通过指定设备在不同的硬件<code>device</code>上创建。<code>tensor</code>可以通过<code>to_device()</code>函数在<code>device</code>之间移动。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> device
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x = tensor.Tensor((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>), device.create_cuda_gpu())
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x.gaussian(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>,<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.531889</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.0128608</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.12691343</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">2.1674204</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.083676</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.7421203</span> ]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-comment"># move to host</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x.to_device(device.get_default_device())
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="使用tensor训练mlp"></a><a href="#使用tensor训练mlp" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>使用Tensor训练MLP</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">
+<span class="hljs-string">"""
+ code snipet from examples/mlp/module.py
+"""</span>
+
+label = get_label()
+data = get_data()
+
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu_on(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+sgd = opt.SGD(<span class="hljs-number">0.05</span>)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># define tensor for input data and label</span>
+tx = tensor.Tensor((<span class="hljs-number">400</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>), dev, tensor.float32)
+ty = tensor.Tensor((<span class="hljs-number">400</span>,), dev, tensor.int32)
+model = MLP(data_size=<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, perceptron_size=<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">2</span>)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># attached model to graph</span>
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+model.compile([tx], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, use_graph=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+model.train()
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">1001</span>):
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(data)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(label)
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty, <span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>, spars=<span class="hljs-literal">None</span>)
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> i % <span class="hljs-number">100</span> == <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
+ print(<span class="hljs-string">"training loss = "</span>, tensor.to_numpy(loss)[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>])
+</code></pre>
+<p>输出:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">$ python3 examples/mlp/module.py
+training loss = 0.6158037
+training loss = 0.52852553
+training loss = 0.4571422
+training loss = 0.37274635
+training loss = 0.30146334
+training loss = 0.24906921
+training loss = 0.21128304
+training loss = 0.18390492
+training loss = 0.16362564
+training loss = 0.148164
+training loss = 0.13589878
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor实现"></a><a href="#tensor实现" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor实现</h2>
+<p>上一节介绍了<code>Tensor</code>的一般用法,下面将介绍其底层的实现。首先,将介绍Python和C++ tensors的设计。后面会讲到前端(Python)和后端(C++)如何连接,如何扩展。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-tensor"></a><a href="#python-tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python Tensor</h3>
+<p>Python类<code>Tensor</code>,定义在<code>python/singa/tensor.py</code>中,提供了高层的张量操作,用于实现深度学习操作(通过<a href="./autograd">autograd</a>),以及终端用户的数据管理。</p>
+<p>它主要是通过简单地封装C++张量方法来工作,包括算术方法(如<code>sum</code>)和非算术方法(如<code>reshape</code>)。一些高级的算术运算以后会引入,并使用纯Python的张量API来实现,如<code>tensordot</code>。Python Tensor API可以利用灵活的方法轻松实现复杂的神经网络操作。</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="c-tensor"></a><a href="#c-tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>C++ Tensor</h3>
+<p>C++类<code>Tensor</code>,定义在<code>include/singa/core/tensor.h</code>中,主要是管理存放数据的内存,并提供低级的API用于张量操作。同时,它还通过封装不同的后端(CUDA、BLAS、cuBLAS等)提供各种算术方法(如<code>matmul</code>)。</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="执行背景和内存块"></a><a href="#执行背景和内存块" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>执行背景和内存块</h4>
+<p>Tensor的两个重要概念或者说数据结构是执行背景<code>device</code>,和内存块<code>Block</code>。</p>
+<p>每个<code>Tensor</code>物理上存储在一个硬件设备上,并由硬件设备管理,代表执行背景(CPU、GPU),Tensor的数学计算是在设备上执行的。</p>
+<p>Tensor数据在<code>Block</code>实例中,定义在<code>include/singa/core/common.h</code>中。<code>Block</code>拥有底层数据,而tensors则在描述tensor的元数据上拥有所有权,比如<code>shape</code>、<code>stride</code>。</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor数学后端"></a><a href="#tensor数学后端" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor数学后端</h4>
+<p>为了利用不同后端硬件设备提供的高效数学库,SINGA为每个支持的后端设备提供了一套Tensor函数的实现。</p>
+<ul>
+<li>'tensor_math_cpp.h'为CppCPU设备使用Cpp(带CBLAS)实现操作。</li>
+<li>'tensor_math_cuda.h'为CudaGPU设备实现了使用Cuda(带cuBLAS)的操作。</li>
+<li>'tensor_math_opencl.h'为OpenclGPU设备实现了使用OpenCL的操作。</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="将c-apis暴露给python"></a><a href="#将c-apis暴露给python" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>将C++ APIs暴露给Python</h3>
+<p>SWIG(<a href="http://www.swig.org/)是一个可以自动将C++">http://www.swig.org/)是一个可以自动将C++</a> API转换为Python API的工具。SINGA使用SWIG将C++ APIs公开到Python中。SWIG会生成几个文件,包括<code>python/singa/singa_wrap.py</code>。Python模块(如<code>tensor</code>、<code>device</code>和<code>autograd</code>)导入这个模块来调用C++ API来实现Python类和函数。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensor
+
+t = tensor.Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>))
+</code></pre>
+<p>例如,当按上面的方法创建Python <code>Tensor</code>实例时,<code>Tensor</code>类的实现会创建一个在<code>singa_wrap.py</code>中定义的Tensor类的实例,它对应于C++ <code>Tensor</code>类。为了清楚起见,<code>singa_wrap.py</code>中的<code>Tensor</code>类在<code>tensor.py</code>中被称为<code>CTensor</code>。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># in tensor.py</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> . <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> singa_wrap <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> singa
+
+CTensor = singa.Tensor
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="创建新的tensor函数"></a><a href="#创建新的tensor函数" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>创建新的Tensor函数</h3>
+<p>有了前面的描述所奠定的基础,扩展张量函数可以用自下而上的方式轻松完成。对于数学运算,其步骤是:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>在<code>tensor.h</code>中声明新的API。</li>
+<li>使用 <code>tensor.cc</code> 中预定义的宏生成代码,参考 <code>GenUnaryTensorFn(Abs);</code> 。</li>
+<li>在<code>tensor_math.h</code>中声明template 方法/函数。</li>
+<li>至少在CPU(<code>tensor_math_cpp.h</code>)和GPU(<code>tensor_math_cuda.h</code>)中进行真正的实现。</li>
+<li>将 API 加入到 <code>src/api/core_tensor.i</code> 中,通过 SWIG 公开 API。</li>
+<li>通过调用 <code>singa_wrap.py</code> 中自动生成的函数,在 <code>tensor.py</code> 中定义 Python Tensor API。</li>
+<li>在适当的地方编写单元测试</li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
+<p><em>进行中</em></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
+<p><em>进行中</em></p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor用法">Tensor用法</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#创建tensor">创建Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#转换到numpy">转换到numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor方法">Tensor方法</a></li><li><a href="#tensor算术方法">Tensor算术方法</a></li><li><a href="#tensor函数">Tensor函数</a></li><li><a href="#tensor在不同devices上">Tensor在不同Devices上</a></li><li><a href="#使用tensor训练mlp">使用Tensor训练MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor实现">Tensor实现</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#将c-apis暴露给python">将C++ APIs暴露给Python</a></li><li><a href="#创建新的tensor函数">创建新的Tensor函数</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>SINGA支持对图中缓冲的每个运算符进行时间分析。为了利用时间分析功能,我们首先调用<code>device.SetVerbosity</code>方法来设置时间分析器的verbosity,然后调用<code>device.PrintTimeProfiling</code>来打印出时间分析的结果。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="设置时间分析verbosity"></a><a href="#设置时间分析verbosity" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>设置时间分析Verbosity</h2>
+<p>要使用时间分析功能,我们需要设置verbosity。有三个级别的verbosity。在默认值<code>verbosity == 0</code>的情况下,它不会进行任何时间分析。当我们设置<code>verbosity == 1</code>时,它将对前向和后向传播时间进行分析。当<code>verbosity == 2</code>时,它将对图中每个缓冲操作所花费的时间进行分析。</p>
+<p>以下是设置时间分析功能的示例代码:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># create a device</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> device
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()
+<span class="hljs-comment"># set the verbosity</span>
+verbosity = <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
+dev.SetVerbosity(verbosity)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># optional: skip the first 5 iterations when profiling the time</span>
+dev.SetSkipIteration(<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<p>那么,当我们在程序的最后完成训练后,我们就可以通过调用<code>device.PrintTimeProfiling</code>方法来打印时间分析结果。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">dev.PrintTimeProfiling()
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="不同verbosity的输出示例"></a><a href="#不同verbosity的输出示例" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>不同Verbosity的输出示例</h2>
+<p>我们可以运行ResNet的<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/benchmark.py">示例</a>,看看不同的verbosity设置的输出。</p>
+<ol>
+<li><code>verbosity == 1</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-built_in">Time</span> Profili<span class="hljs-symbol">ng:</span>
+Forward Propagation <span class="hljs-built_in">Time</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.0409127</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">sec</span>
+Backward Propagation <span class="hljs-built_in">Time</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.114813</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">sec</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li><code>verbosity == 2</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-attr">Time Profiling:</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID0. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.73722e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID1. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000612724</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID2. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000559449</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID3. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000375004</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID4. GpuPoolingForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000240041</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID5. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.4176e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID6. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000115619</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID7. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000150415</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID8. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.95494e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID9. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.22432e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID10. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000648668</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID11. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000149793</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID12. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.92118e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID13. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.37728e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID14. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000400953</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID15. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000572181</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID16. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.21312e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID17. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000398698</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID18. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.00056836</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID19. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000542246</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID20. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000372783</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID21. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.25312e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID22. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000260731</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID23. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000149041</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID24. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.9072e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID25. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.10592e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID26. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000637481</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID27. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000152577</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID28. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.90518e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID29. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.28224e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID30. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000404586</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID31. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000569679</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID32. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000542291</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID33. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.00037211</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID34. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.13696e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID35. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000261219</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID36. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000148281</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID37. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.89299e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID38. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.25216e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID39. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000633644</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID40. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000150711</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID41. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.84902e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID42. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.18176e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID43. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000402752</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID44. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000571523</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID45. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000542435</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID46. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000372539</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID47. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.24672e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID48. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000493054</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID49. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000293142</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID50. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000190047</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID51. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.14784e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID52. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.00148837</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID53. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.34794e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID54. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.23254e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID55. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.40096e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID56. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000292971</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID57. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.00029174</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID58. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.3248e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID59. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000590154</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID60. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000294149</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID61. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000275119</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID62. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000189268</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID63. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.2704e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID64. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000341232</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID65. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.3304e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID66. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.23667e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID67. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.19936e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID68. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000542484</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID69. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.60537e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID70. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.2479e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID71. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.41824e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID72. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000291295</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID73. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000292795</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID74. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000274438</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID75. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000189689</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID76. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.21984e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID77. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000338776</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID78. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.484e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID79. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.29408e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID80. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.18208e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID81. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000545542</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID82. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.40976e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID83. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.2256e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID84. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.36256e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID85. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000293003</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID86. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.0002989</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID87. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000275041</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID88. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000189867</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID89. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.1184e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID90. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000340417</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID91. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.39395e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID92. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.26544e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID93. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.2336e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID94. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000539787</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID95. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.2753e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID96. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">4.86758e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID97. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.24384e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID98. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000287108</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID99. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000293127</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID100. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000269478</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
+<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
+<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/half-precision"><span>Half Precision</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#设置时间分析verbosity">设置时间分析Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#不同verbosity的输出示例">不同Verbosity的输出示例</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>SINGA支持对图中缓冲的每个运算符进行时间分析。为了利用时间分析功能,我们首先调用<code>device.SetVerbosity</code>方法来设置时间分析器的verbosity,然后调用<code>device.PrintTimeProfiling</code>来打印出时间分析的结果。</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="设置时间分析verbosity"></a><a href="#设置时间分析verbosity" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>设置时间分析Verbosity</h2>
+<p>要使用时间分析功能,我们需要设置verbosity。有三个级别的verbosity。在默认值<code>verbosity == 0</code>的情况下,它不会进行任何时间分析。当我们设置<code>verbosity == 1</code>时,它将对前向和后向传播时间进行分析。当<code>verbosity == 2</code>时,它将对图中每个缓冲操作所花费的时间进行分析。</p>
+<p>以下是设置时间分析功能的示例代码:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># create a device</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> device
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()
+<span class="hljs-comment"># set the verbosity</span>
+verbosity = <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
+dev.SetVerbosity(verbosity)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># optional: skip the first 5 iterations when profiling the time</span>
+dev.SetSkipIteration(<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<p>那么,当我们在程序的最后完成训练后,我们就可以通过调用<code>device.PrintTimeProfiling</code>方法来打印时间分析结果。</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">dev.PrintTimeProfiling()
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="不同verbosity的输出示例"></a><a href="#不同verbosity的输出示例" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>不同Verbosity的输出示例</h2>
+<p>我们可以运行ResNet的<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/benchmark.py">示例</a>,看看不同的verbosity设置的输出。</p>
+<ol>
+<li><code>verbosity == 1</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-built_in">Time</span> Profili<span class="hljs-symbol">ng:</span>
+Forward Propagation <span class="hljs-built_in">Time</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.0409127</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">sec</span>
+Backward Propagation <span class="hljs-built_in">Time</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.114813</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">sec</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li><code>verbosity == 2</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-attr">Time Profiling:</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID0. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.73722e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID1. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000612724</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID2. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000559449</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID3. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000375004</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID4. GpuPoolingForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000240041</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID5. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.4176e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID6. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000115619</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID7. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000150415</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID8. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.95494e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID9. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.22432e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID10. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000648668</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID11. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000149793</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID12. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.92118e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID13. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.37728e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID14. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000400953</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID15. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000572181</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID16. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.21312e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID17. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000398698</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID18. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.00056836</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID19. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000542246</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID20. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000372783</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID21. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.25312e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID22. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000260731</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID23. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000149041</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID24. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.9072e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID25. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.10592e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID26. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000637481</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID27. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000152577</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID28. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.90518e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID29. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.28224e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID30. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000404586</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID31. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000569679</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID32. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000542291</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID33. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.00037211</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID34. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.13696e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID35. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000261219</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID36. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000148281</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID37. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.89299e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID38. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.25216e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID39. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000633644</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID40. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000150711</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID41. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.84902e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
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+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID47. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.24672e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID48. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000493054</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID49. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000293142</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID50. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000190047</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID51. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.14784e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID52. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.00148837</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID53. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.34794e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID54. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.23254e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID55. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.40096e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
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+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID62. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000189268</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID63. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.2704e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID64. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000341232</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID65. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.3304e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID66. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.23667e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID67. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.19936e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID68. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000542484</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID69. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.60537e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID70. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.2479e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID71. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.41824e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID72. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000291295</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID73. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000292795</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID74. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000274438</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID75. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000189689</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID76. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.21984e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID77. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000338776</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID78. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.484e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID79. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.29408e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID80. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.18208e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID81. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000545542</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID82. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.40976e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID83. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.2256e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID84. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.36256e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID85. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000293003</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID86. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.0002989</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID87. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000275041</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID88. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000189867</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID89. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.1184e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID90. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000340417</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID91. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.39395e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID92. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.26544e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID93. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.2336e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID94. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000539787</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID95. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.2753e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID96. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">4.86758e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID97. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.24384e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID98. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000287108</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID99. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000293127</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID100. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000269478</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
+<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
+<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/half-precision"><span>Half Precision</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#设置时间分析verbosity">设置时间分析Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#不同verbosity的输出示例">不同Verbosity的输出示例</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu-dev.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu-dev.html
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="300dev200720"></a><a href="#300dev200720" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.0.0.dev200720</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>CPU only</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-gpu"><span>CUDA enabled</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html
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+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>CPU only</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-gpu"><span>CUDA enabled</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu.html
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@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="310"></a><a href="#310" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.1.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="300"></a><a href="#300" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.0.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/history-singa"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>History of SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu-dev"><span>CPU only (dev version)</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu/index.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu/index.html
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>CPU only · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Chinese"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="CPU only · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="310"></a><a href="#310" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.1.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="300"></a><a href="#300" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.0.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/history-singa"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>History of SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu-dev"><span>CPU only (dev version)</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-gpu"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>CUDA enabled</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
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+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="310"></a><a href="#310" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.1.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li>[CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python
+3.6]<a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl</a>)</li>
+<li>[CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python
+3.7]<a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl</a>)</li>
+<li>[CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python
+3.8]<a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl</a>)</li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="300"></a><a href="#300" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.0.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-cpu-dev"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>CPU only (dev version)</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/wheel-gpu-dev"><span>CUDA enabled (dev version)</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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new file mode 100644
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="310"></a><a href="#310" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.1.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li>[CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python
+3.6]<a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl</a>)</li>
+<li>[CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python
+3.7]<a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl</a>)</li>
+<li>[CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python
+3.8]<a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl</a>)</li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="300"></a><a href="#300" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.0.0</h2>
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+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
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+<p>Có hai cách thường dùng để sử dụng autograd, qua symbolic differentiation như là
+<a href="http://deeplearning.net/software/theano/index.html">Theano</a> hoặc reverse
+differentiation như là
+<a href="https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/notes/autograd.html">Pytorch</a>. SINGA dùng cách
+Pytorch, lưu trữ computation graph rồi áp dụng backward propagation tự động sau
+khi forward propagation. Thuật toán autograd được giải thích cụ thể ở
+<a href="https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/notes/autograd.html">đây</a>. Chúng tôi giải thích
+các modules liên quan trong Singa và đưa ra ví dụ để minh hoạ cách sử dụng.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="các-module-liên-quan"></a><a href="#các-module-liên-quan" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Các Module liên quan</h2>
+<p>Autograd gồm ba classes với tên gọi <code>singa.tensor.Tensor</code>,
+<code>singa.autograd.Operation</code>, và <code>singa.autograd.Layer</code>. Trong phần tiếp theo của
+văn kiện này, chúng tôi dùng tensor, operation và layer để chỉ một chương trình
+(instance) trong class tương ứng.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor"></a><a href="#tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor</h3>
+<p>Ba tính năng của Tensor được sử dụng bởi autograd,</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>.creator</code> là một chương trình <code>Operation</code>. Chương trình này lưu trữ tác vụ
+tạo ra Tensor instance.</li>
+<li><code>.requires_grad</code> là một biến kiểu bool. Biến được sử dụng để chỉ rằng thuật
+toán autograd cần tính ra độ dốc (gradient) của tensor. (như owner). Ví dụ,
+khi chạy backpropagation, thì cần phải tính ra độ dốc của tensor cho ma trận
+trọng lượng (weight matrix) của lớp tuyến tính (linear layer) và bản đồ tính
+năng (feature map) của convolution layer (không phải lớp cuối).</li>
+<li><code>.stores_grad</code> là một biến kiểu bool. Biến được sử dụng để chỉ rằng độ dốc của
+owner tensor cần được lưu và tạo ra bởi hàm backward. Ví dụ, độ dốc của
+feature maps được tính thông qua backpropagation, nhưng không được bao gồm
+trong kết quả của hàm backward.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Lập trình viên có thể thay đổi <code>requires_grad</code> và <code>stores_grad</code> của chương trình
+Tensor. Ví dụ nếu hàm sau để là True, độ dốc tương ứng sẽ được bao gồm trong kết
+quả của hàm backward. Cần lưu ý rằng nếu <code>stores_grad</code> để là True, thì
+<code>requires_grad</code> cũng phải là True, và ngược lại.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="operation"></a><a href="#operation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Operation</h3>
+<p>Hàm chạy một hoặc một vài chương trình <code>Tensor</code> instances ở đầu vào, sau đó đầu
+ra là một hoặc một vài chương trình <code>Tensor</code> instances. Ví dụ, hàm ReLU có thể
+được sử dụng như một subclass của một hàm Operation cụ thể. Khi gọi một chương
+trình <code>Operation</code> (sau cài đặt), cần thực hiện hai bước sau:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Ghi lại hàm operations nguồn, vd. biến <code>creator</code>của tensor đầu vào.</li>
+<li>làm tính toán bằng cách gọi hàm thành viên <code>.forward()</code></li>
+</ol>
+<p>Có hai hàm thành viên cho forwarding và backwarding, vd. <code>.forward()</code> và
+<code>.backward()</code>. Đầu vào là <code>Tensor.data</code> (thuộc loại <code>CTensor</code>), và đầu ra là
+<code>Ctensor</code>. Nếu muốn thêm một hàm operation thì subclass <code>operation</code> cần chạy
+riêng <code>.forward()</code> và <code>.backward()</code>. Hàm <code>backward()</code> được tự động gọi bởi hàm
+<code>backward()</code> của autograd trong quá trình chạy backward để thực hiện độ dốc của
+đầu vào (theo mục <code>require_grad</code>).</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="layer"></a><a href="#layer" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Layer</h3>
+<p>Với các hàm yêu cầu tham số (parameter), chúng tôi gói chúng lại thành một class
+mới, <code>Layer</code>. Ví dụ hàm convolution operation thì được nhóm vào trong
+convolution layer. <code>Layer</code> quản lý (hoặc lưu trữ) các tham số và sẽ gọi các hàm
+<code>Operation</code> tương ứng để thực hiện việc chuyển đổi.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="ví-dụ"></a><a href="#ví-dụ" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Ví dụ</h2>
+<p>Chúng tôi cung cấp nhiều ví dụ trong
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/tree/master/examples/autograd">mục ví dụ</a>.
+Chúng tôi đưa ra giải thích cụ thể trong hai ví dụ tiêu biểu ở đây.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="dùng-hàm-operation"></a><a href="#dùng-hàm-operation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Dùng hàm Operation</h3>
+<p>Code dưới đây áp dụng model MLP, chỉ dùng hàm Operation (không dùng hàm Layer).</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="thêm-packages"></a><a href="#thêm-packages" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Thêm packages</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa.tensor <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> Tensor
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> autograd
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tạo-ma-trận-trọng-lượng-weight-matrix-và-bias-vector"></a><a href="#tạo-ma-trận-trọng-lượng-weight-matrix-và-bias-vector" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tạo ma trận trọng lượng (weight matrix) và bias vector</h4>
+<p>Tham số tensors được tạo bởi cả <code>requires_grad</code> và <code>stores_grad</code> ở giá trị
+<code>True</code>.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">w0 = Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>), requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+w0.gaussian(<span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>)
+b0 = Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>), requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+b0.set_value(<span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>)
+
+w1 = Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>), requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+w1.gaussian(<span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>)
+b1 = Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>), requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+b1.set_value(<span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training"></a><a href="#training" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">inputs = Tensor(data=data) <span class="hljs-comment"># data matrix</span>
+target = Tensor(data=label) <span class="hljs-comment"># label vector</span>
+autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># cho training</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(<span class="hljs-number">0.05</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># optimizer</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>):
+ x = autograd.matmul(inputs, w0) <span class="hljs-comment"># matrix multiplication</span>
+ x = autograd.add_bias(x, b0) <span class="hljs-comment"># add the bias vector</span>
+ x = autograd.relu(x) <span class="hljs-comment"># ReLU activation operation</span>
+
+ x = autograd.matmul(x, w1)
+ x = autograd.add_bias(x, b1)
+
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(x, target)
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p, g <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> autograd.backward(loss):
+ sgd.update(p, g)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="hàm-operation--layer"></a><a href="#hàm-operation--layer" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Hàm Operation + Layer</h3>
+<p><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/autograd/mnist_cnn.py">Ví dụ</a>
+sau đây áp dụng CNN model sử dụng các lớp (layers) tạo từ autograd module.</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tạo-layers"></a><a href="#tạo-layers" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tạo layers</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">conv1 = autograd.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">32</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, bias=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+bn1 = autograd.BatchNorm2d(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>)
+pooling1 = autograd.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+conv21 = autograd.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>, <span class="hljs-number">16</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+conv22 = autograd.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>, <span class="hljs-number">16</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+bn2 = autograd.BatchNorm2d(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>)
+linear = autograd.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">32</span> * <span class="hljs-number">28</span> * <span class="hljs-number">28</span>, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>)
+pooling2 = autograd.AvgPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="định-nghĩa-hàm-forward"></a><a href="#định-nghĩa-hàm-forward" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Định nghĩa hàm forward</h4>
+<p>Hàm trong forward pass sẽ được tự đông lưu cho backward propagation.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(x, t)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># x là input data (batch hình ảnh)</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># t là label vector (batch số nguyên)</span>
+ y = conv1(x) <span class="hljs-comment"># Conv layer</span>
+ y = autograd.relu(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># ReLU operation</span>
+ y = bn1(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># BN layer</span>
+ y = pooling1(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># Pooling Layer</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># hai convolution layers song song</span>
+ y1 = conv21(y)
+ y2 = conv22(y)
+ y = autograd.cat((y1, y2), <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># cat operation</span>
+ y = autograd.relu(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># ReLU operation</span>
+ y = bn2(y)
+ y = pooling2(y)
+
+ y = autograd.flatten(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># flatten operation</span>
+ y = linear(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># Linear layer</span>
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(y, t) <span class="hljs-comment"># operation</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> loss, y
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training-1"></a><a href="#training-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> epoch <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(epochs):
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(batch_number):
+ inputs = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=x_train[
+ i * batch_sz:(<span class="hljs-number">1</span> + i) * batch_sz], stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+ targets = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=y_train[
+ i * batch_sz:(<span class="hljs-number">1</span> + i) * batch_sz], requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+
+ loss, y = forward(inputs, targets) <span class="hljs-comment"># forward the net</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p, gp <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> autograd.backward(loss): <span class="hljs-comment"># auto backward</span>
+ sgd.update(p, gp)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sử-dụng-model-api"></a><a href="#sử-dụng-model-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sử dụng Model API</h3>
+<p><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/cnn.py">Ví dụ</a>
+sau áp dụng CNN model sử dụng <a href="./graph">Model API</a>.</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="định-nghiã-subclass-của-model"></a><a href="#định-nghiã-subclass-của-model" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Định nghiã subclass của Model</h4>
+<p>Model class được định nghĩa là subclass của Model. Theo đó, tất cả các hàm
+operations được sử dụng trong bước training sẽ tạo thành một computational graph
+và được phân tích. Hàm operation trong graph sẽ được lên lịch trình và thực hiện
+hiệu quả. Layers cũng có thể được bao gồm trong model class.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MLP</span><span class="hljs-params">(model.Model)</span>:</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># model là subclass của Model</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, data_size=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, perceptron_size=<span class="hljs-number">100</span>, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>)</span>:</span>
+ super(MLP, self).__init__()
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># taọ operators, layers và các object khác</span>
+ self.relu = layer.ReLU()
+ self.linear1 = layer.Linear(perceptron_size)
+ self.linear2 = layer.Linear(num_classes)
+ self.softmax_cross_entropy = layer.SoftMaxCrossEntropy()
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, inputs)</span>:</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># định nghĩa forward function</span>
+ y = self.linear1(inputs)
+ y = self.relu(y)
+ y = self.linear2(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, y)</span>:</span>
+ out = self.forward(x)
+ loss = self.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+ self.optimizer(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">set_optimizer</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, optimizer)</span>:</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># đính kèm optimizer</span>
+ self.optimizer = optimizer
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training-2"></a><a href="#training-2" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># tạo hàm model instance</span>
+model = MLP()
+<span class="hljs-comment"># tạo optimizer và đính vào model</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># input và target placeholders cho model</span>
+tx = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, IMG_SIZE, IMG_SIZE), dev, tensor.float32)
+ty = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, num_classes), dev, tensor.int32)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># tổng hợp model trước khi training</span>
+model.compile([tx], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, use_graph=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># train model theo bước lặp (iterative)</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_train_batch):
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># generate the next mini-batch</span>
+ x, y = ...
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Copy the data into input tensors</span>
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(x)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(y)
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Training with one batch</span>
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="lưu-model-checkpoint"></a><a href="#lưu-model-checkpoint" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Lưu model checkpoint</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># xác định đường dẫn để lưu checkpoint</span>
+checkpointpath=<span class="hljs-string">"checkpoint.zip"</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># lưu checkpoint</span>
+model.save_states(fpath=checkpointpath)
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tải-model-checkpoint"></a><a href="#tải-model-checkpoint" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tải model checkpoint</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># xác định đường dẫn để lưu checkpoint</span>
+checkpointpath=<span class="hljs-string">"checkpoint.zip"</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># lưu checkpoint</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> os
+<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> os.path.exists(checkpointpath):
+ model.load_states(fpath=checkpointpath)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h3>
+<p>Xem
+<a href="https://singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/autograd.html#module-singa.autograd">tại đây</a>
+để thêm thông tin chi tiết về Python API.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/optimizer"><span>Optimizer</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#các-module-liên-quan">Các Module liên quan</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#ví-dụ">Ví dụ</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#dùng-hàm-operation">Dùng hàm Operation</a></li><li><a href="#hàm-operation--layer">Hàm Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#sử-dụng-model-api">Sử dụng Model API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Autograd · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Autograd · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<p>Có hai cách thường dùng để sử dụng autograd, qua symbolic differentiation như là
+<a href="http://deeplearning.net/software/theano/index.html">Theano</a> hoặc reverse
+differentiation như là
+<a href="https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/notes/autograd.html">Pytorch</a>. SINGA dùng cách
+Pytorch, lưu trữ computation graph rồi áp dụng backward propagation tự động sau
+khi forward propagation. Thuật toán autograd được giải thích cụ thể ở
+<a href="https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/notes/autograd.html">đây</a>. Chúng tôi giải thích
+các modules liên quan trong Singa và đưa ra ví dụ để minh hoạ cách sử dụng.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="các-module-liên-quan"></a><a href="#các-module-liên-quan" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Các Module liên quan</h2>
+<p>Autograd gồm ba classes với tên gọi <code>singa.tensor.Tensor</code>,
+<code>singa.autograd.Operation</code>, và <code>singa.autograd.Layer</code>. Trong phần tiếp theo của
+văn kiện này, chúng tôi dùng tensor, operation và layer để chỉ một chương trình
+(instance) trong class tương ứng.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor"></a><a href="#tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor</h3>
+<p>Ba tính năng của Tensor được sử dụng bởi autograd,</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>.creator</code> là một chương trình <code>Operation</code>. Chương trình này lưu trữ tác vụ
+tạo ra Tensor instance.</li>
+<li><code>.requires_grad</code> là một biến kiểu bool. Biến được sử dụng để chỉ rằng thuật
+toán autograd cần tính ra độ dốc (gradient) của tensor. (như owner). Ví dụ,
+khi chạy backpropagation, thì cần phải tính ra độ dốc của tensor cho ma trận
+trọng lượng (weight matrix) của lớp tuyến tính (linear layer) và bản đồ tính
+năng (feature map) của convolution layer (không phải lớp cuối).</li>
+<li><code>.stores_grad</code> là một biến kiểu bool. Biến được sử dụng để chỉ rằng độ dốc của
+owner tensor cần được lưu và tạo ra bởi hàm backward. Ví dụ, độ dốc của
+feature maps được tính thông qua backpropagation, nhưng không được bao gồm
+trong kết quả của hàm backward.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Lập trình viên có thể thay đổi <code>requires_grad</code> và <code>stores_grad</code> của chương trình
+Tensor. Ví dụ nếu hàm sau để là True, độ dốc tương ứng sẽ được bao gồm trong kết
+quả của hàm backward. Cần lưu ý rằng nếu <code>stores_grad</code> để là True, thì
+<code>requires_grad</code> cũng phải là True, và ngược lại.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="operation"></a><a href="#operation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Operation</h3>
+<p>Hàm chạy một hoặc một vài chương trình <code>Tensor</code> instances ở đầu vào, sau đó đầu
+ra là một hoặc một vài chương trình <code>Tensor</code> instances. Ví dụ, hàm ReLU có thể
+được sử dụng như một subclass của một hàm Operation cụ thể. Khi gọi một chương
+trình <code>Operation</code> (sau cài đặt), cần thực hiện hai bước sau:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Ghi lại hàm operations nguồn, vd. biến <code>creator</code>của tensor đầu vào.</li>
+<li>làm tính toán bằng cách gọi hàm thành viên <code>.forward()</code></li>
+</ol>
+<p>Có hai hàm thành viên cho forwarding và backwarding, vd. <code>.forward()</code> và
+<code>.backward()</code>. Đầu vào là <code>Tensor.data</code> (thuộc loại <code>CTensor</code>), và đầu ra là
+<code>Ctensor</code>. Nếu muốn thêm một hàm operation thì subclass <code>operation</code> cần chạy
+riêng <code>.forward()</code> và <code>.backward()</code>. Hàm <code>backward()</code> được tự động gọi bởi hàm
+<code>backward()</code> của autograd trong quá trình chạy backward để thực hiện độ dốc của
+đầu vào (theo mục <code>require_grad</code>).</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="layer"></a><a href="#layer" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Layer</h3>
+<p>Với các hàm yêu cầu tham số (parameter), chúng tôi gói chúng lại thành một class
+mới, <code>Layer</code>. Ví dụ hàm convolution operation thì được nhóm vào trong
+convolution layer. <code>Layer</code> quản lý (hoặc lưu trữ) các tham số và sẽ gọi các hàm
+<code>Operation</code> tương ứng để thực hiện việc chuyển đổi.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="ví-dụ"></a><a href="#ví-dụ" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Ví dụ</h2>
+<p>Chúng tôi cung cấp nhiều ví dụ trong
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/tree/master/examples/autograd">mục ví dụ</a>.
+Chúng tôi đưa ra giải thích cụ thể trong hai ví dụ tiêu biểu ở đây.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="dùng-hàm-operation"></a><a href="#dùng-hàm-operation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Dùng hàm Operation</h3>
+<p>Code dưới đây áp dụng model MLP, chỉ dùng hàm Operation (không dùng hàm Layer).</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="thêm-packages"></a><a href="#thêm-packages" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Thêm packages</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa.tensor <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> Tensor
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> autograd
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tạo-ma-trận-trọng-lượng-weight-matrix-và-bias-vector"></a><a href="#tạo-ma-trận-trọng-lượng-weight-matrix-và-bias-vector" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tạo ma trận trọng lượng (weight matrix) và bias vector</h4>
+<p>Tham số tensors được tạo bởi cả <code>requires_grad</code> và <code>stores_grad</code> ở giá trị
+<code>True</code>.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">w0 = Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>), requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+w0.gaussian(<span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>)
+b0 = Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>), requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+b0.set_value(<span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>)
+
+w1 = Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>), requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+w1.gaussian(<span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>)
+b1 = Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>), requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+b1.set_value(<span class="hljs-number">0.0</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training"></a><a href="#training" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">inputs = Tensor(data=data) <span class="hljs-comment"># data matrix</span>
+target = Tensor(data=label) <span class="hljs-comment"># label vector</span>
+autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># cho training</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(<span class="hljs-number">0.05</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># optimizer</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">10</span>):
+ x = autograd.matmul(inputs, w0) <span class="hljs-comment"># matrix multiplication</span>
+ x = autograd.add_bias(x, b0) <span class="hljs-comment"># add the bias vector</span>
+ x = autograd.relu(x) <span class="hljs-comment"># ReLU activation operation</span>
+
+ x = autograd.matmul(x, w1)
+ x = autograd.add_bias(x, b1)
+
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(x, target)
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p, g <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> autograd.backward(loss):
+ sgd.update(p, g)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="hàm-operation--layer"></a><a href="#hàm-operation--layer" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Hàm Operation + Layer</h3>
+<p><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/autograd/mnist_cnn.py">Ví dụ</a>
+sau đây áp dụng CNN model sử dụng các lớp (layers) tạo từ autograd module.</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tạo-layers"></a><a href="#tạo-layers" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tạo layers</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">conv1 = autograd.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">32</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, bias=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+bn1 = autograd.BatchNorm2d(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>)
+pooling1 = autograd.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+conv21 = autograd.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>, <span class="hljs-number">16</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+conv22 = autograd.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>, <span class="hljs-number">16</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+bn2 = autograd.BatchNorm2d(<span class="hljs-number">32</span>)
+linear = autograd.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">32</span> * <span class="hljs-number">28</span> * <span class="hljs-number">28</span>, <span class="hljs-number">10</span>)
+pooling2 = autograd.AvgPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="định-nghĩa-hàm-forward"></a><a href="#định-nghĩa-hàm-forward" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Định nghĩa hàm forward</h4>
+<p>Hàm trong forward pass sẽ được tự đông lưu cho backward propagation.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(x, t)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># x là input data (batch hình ảnh)</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># t là label vector (batch số nguyên)</span>
+ y = conv1(x) <span class="hljs-comment"># Conv layer</span>
+ y = autograd.relu(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># ReLU operation</span>
+ y = bn1(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># BN layer</span>
+ y = pooling1(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># Pooling Layer</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># hai convolution layers song song</span>
+ y1 = conv21(y)
+ y2 = conv22(y)
+ y = autograd.cat((y1, y2), <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># cat operation</span>
+ y = autograd.relu(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># ReLU operation</span>
+ y = bn2(y)
+ y = pooling2(y)
+
+ y = autograd.flatten(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># flatten operation</span>
+ y = linear(y) <span class="hljs-comment"># Linear layer</span>
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(y, t) <span class="hljs-comment"># operation</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> loss, y
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training-1"></a><a href="#training-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">autograd.training = <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> epoch <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(epochs):
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(batch_number):
+ inputs = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=x_train[
+ i * batch_sz:(<span class="hljs-number">1</span> + i) * batch_sz], stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+ targets = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=y_train[
+ i * batch_sz:(<span class="hljs-number">1</span> + i) * batch_sz], requires_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>, stores_grad=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+
+ loss, y = forward(inputs, targets) <span class="hljs-comment"># forward the net</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p, gp <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> autograd.backward(loss): <span class="hljs-comment"># auto backward</span>
+ sgd.update(p, gp)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sử-dụng-model-api"></a><a href="#sử-dụng-model-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sử dụng Model API</h3>
+<p><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/cnn.py">Ví dụ</a>
+sau áp dụng CNN model sử dụng <a href="./graph">Model API</a>.</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="định-nghiã-subclass-của-model"></a><a href="#định-nghiã-subclass-của-model" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Định nghiã subclass của Model</h4>
+<p>Model class được định nghĩa là subclass của Model. Theo đó, tất cả các hàm
+operations được sử dụng trong bước training sẽ tạo thành một computational graph
+và được phân tích. Hàm operation trong graph sẽ được lên lịch trình và thực hiện
+hiệu quả. Layers cũng có thể được bao gồm trong model class.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MLP</span><span class="hljs-params">(model.Model)</span>:</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># model là subclass của Model</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, data_size=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, perceptron_size=<span class="hljs-number">100</span>, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>)</span>:</span>
+ super(MLP, self).__init__()
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># taọ operators, layers và các object khác</span>
+ self.relu = layer.ReLU()
+ self.linear1 = layer.Linear(perceptron_size)
+ self.linear2 = layer.Linear(num_classes)
+ self.softmax_cross_entropy = layer.SoftMaxCrossEntropy()
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, inputs)</span>:</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># định nghĩa forward function</span>
+ y = self.linear1(inputs)
+ y = self.relu(y)
+ y = self.linear2(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, y)</span>:</span>
+ out = self.forward(x)
+ loss = self.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+ self.optimizer(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">set_optimizer</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, optimizer)</span>:</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># đính kèm optimizer</span>
+ self.optimizer = optimizer
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training-2"></a><a href="#training-2" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># tạo hàm model instance</span>
+model = MLP()
+<span class="hljs-comment"># tạo optimizer và đính vào model</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># input và target placeholders cho model</span>
+tx = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, IMG_SIZE, IMG_SIZE), dev, tensor.float32)
+ty = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, num_classes), dev, tensor.int32)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># tổng hợp model trước khi training</span>
+model.compile([tx], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, use_graph=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># train model theo bước lặp (iterative)</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_train_batch):
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># generate the next mini-batch</span>
+ x, y = ...
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Copy the data into input tensors</span>
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(x)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(y)
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Training with one batch</span>
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="lưu-model-checkpoint"></a><a href="#lưu-model-checkpoint" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Lưu model checkpoint</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># xác định đường dẫn để lưu checkpoint</span>
+checkpointpath=<span class="hljs-string">"checkpoint.zip"</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># lưu checkpoint</span>
+model.save_states(fpath=checkpointpath)
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tải-model-checkpoint"></a><a href="#tải-model-checkpoint" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tải model checkpoint</h4>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># xác định đường dẫn để lưu checkpoint</span>
+checkpointpath=<span class="hljs-string">"checkpoint.zip"</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># lưu checkpoint</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> os
+<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> os.path.exists(checkpointpath):
+ model.load_states(fpath=checkpointpath)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h3>
+<p>Xem
+<a href="https://singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/autograd.html#module-singa.autograd">tại đây</a>
+để thêm thông tin chi tiết về Python API.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/optimizer"><span>Optimizer</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#các-module-liên-quan">Các Module liên quan</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#ví-dụ">Ví dụ</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#dùng-hàm-operation">Dùng hàm Operation</a></li><li><a href="#hàm-operation--layer">Hàm Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#sử-dụng-model-api">Sử dụng Model API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+ apiKey: '45202133606c0b5fa6d21cddc4725dd8',
+ indexName: 'apache_singa',
+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
+ algoliaOptions: {"facetFilters":["language:en","version:3.0.0"]}
+ });
+ </script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
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@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Benchmark cho Distributed Training · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Benchmark cho Distributed Training · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Viet</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/benchmark-train.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Benchmark cho Distributed Training</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>Tải công việc: chúng tôi sử dụng Mạng nơ-ron tích chập sâu (deep convolutional
+neural network),
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">ResNet-50</a>
+làm ứng dụng. ResNet-50 có 50 lớp tích chập (convolution layers) để phân loại
+hình ảnh. Nó đòi hỏi 3.8 GFLOPs để đưa vào một hình ảnh (kích thước ảnh 224x224)
+qua mạng lưới. Kích thước ảnh đầu vào là 224x224.</p>
+<p>Phần cứng: chúng tôi sử dụng máy p2.8xlarge từ AWS, mỗi máy gồm 8 Nvidia Tesla
+K80 GPUs, bộ nhớ tổng cộng 96 GB GPU, 32 vCPU, 488 GB main memory, 10 Gbps
+network bandwidth.</p>
+<p>Metric: chúng tôi tính thời gian mỗi bước cho mỗi workers để đánh giá khả năng
+mở rộng của SINGA. Kích thước của mỗi nhóm được cố định ở 32 mỗi GPU. Phương
+thức training đồng bộ (Synchronous training scheme) được áp dụng. Vì thế, kích
+thước nhóm hiệu quả là $32N$, trong đó N là số máy GPUs. Chúng tôi so sánh với
+một hệ thống mở được dùng phổ biến có sử dụng tham số server cấu trúc liên kết.
+Máy GPU đầu tiên được chọn làm server.</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/benchmark.png" alt="Thí nghiệm Benchmark"> <br/> <strong>Kiểm tra khả năng mở rộng.
+Bars được dùng cho thông lượng (throughput); lines dùng cho lượng kết nối
+(communication cost).</strong></p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
+ if (e.target !== document.body) {
+ return;
+ }
+ // keyCode for '/' (slash)
+ if (e.keyCode === 191) {
+ const search = document.getElementById('search_input_react');
+ search && search.focus();
+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
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+ indexName: 'apache_singa',
+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
+ algoliaOptions: {"facetFilters":["language:en","version:3.0.0"]}
+ });
+ </script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/benchmark-train/index.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/benchmark-train/index.html
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/benchmark-train/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Benchmark cho Distributed Training · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Benchmark cho Distributed Training · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Viet</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/benchmark-train.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Benchmark cho Distributed Training</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>Tải công việc: chúng tôi sử dụng Mạng nơ-ron tích chập sâu (deep convolutional
+neural network),
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">ResNet-50</a>
+làm ứng dụng. ResNet-50 có 50 lớp tích chập (convolution layers) để phân loại
+hình ảnh. Nó đòi hỏi 3.8 GFLOPs để đưa vào một hình ảnh (kích thước ảnh 224x224)
+qua mạng lưới. Kích thước ảnh đầu vào là 224x224.</p>
+<p>Phần cứng: chúng tôi sử dụng máy p2.8xlarge từ AWS, mỗi máy gồm 8 Nvidia Tesla
+K80 GPUs, bộ nhớ tổng cộng 96 GB GPU, 32 vCPU, 488 GB main memory, 10 Gbps
+network bandwidth.</p>
+<p>Metric: chúng tôi tính thời gian mỗi bước cho mỗi workers để đánh giá khả năng
+mở rộng của SINGA. Kích thước của mỗi nhóm được cố định ở 32 mỗi GPU. Phương
+thức training đồng bộ (Synchronous training scheme) được áp dụng. Vì thế, kích
+thước nhóm hiệu quả là $32N$, trong đó N là số máy GPUs. Chúng tôi so sánh với
+một hệ thống mở được dùng phổ biến có sử dụng tham số server cấu trúc liên kết.
+Máy GPU đầu tiên được chọn làm server.</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/benchmark.png" alt="Thí nghiệm Benchmark"> <br/> <strong>Kiểm tra khả năng mở rộng.
+Bars được dùng cho thông lượng (throughput); lines dùng cho lượng kết nối
+(communication cost).</strong></p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
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+ return;
+ }
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+ if (e.keyCode === 191) {
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+ search && search.focus();
+ }
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+ </script><script>
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+
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+ });
+ </script></body></html>
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diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/build.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/build.html
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/build.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Cài đặt SINGA từ Nguồn (Source)</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>Các tệp nguồn có thể được tải dưới dạng
+<a href="https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/">tar.gz file</a>, hoặc git repo</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> git <span class="hljs-built_in">clone</span> https://github.com/apache/singa.git</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> singa/</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Nếu bạn muốn tham gia đóng góp code cho SINGA, tham khảo
+<a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/contribute-code">mục contribute-code</a> với các bước làm và yêu cầu kĩ thuật.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sử-dụng-conda-để-cài-singa"></a><a href="#sử-dụng-conda-để-cài-singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sử dụng Conda để cài SINGA</h2>
+<p>Conda-build là phần mềm giúp cài đặt thư viện chương trình từ dữ liệu đám mây
+anaconda và thực hiện các tập lệnh tạo chương trình.</p>
+<p>Để cài đặt conda-build (sau khi cài conda)</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install conda-build
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tạo-phiên-bản-cpu"></a><a href="#tạo-phiên-bản-cpu" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tạo phiên bản CPU</h3>
+<p>Để tạo phiên bản CPU cho SINGA</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda build tool/conda/singa/
+</code></pre>
+<p>Lệnh trên đã được kiểm tra trên Ubuntu (14.04, 16.04 và 18.04) và macOS 10.11.
+Tham khảo <a href="https://travis-ci.org/apache/singa">trang Travis-CI</a> để biết thêm chi
+tiết.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tạo-phiên-bản-gpu"></a><a href="#tạo-phiên-bản-gpu" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tạo phiên bản GPU</h3>
+<p>Để tạo phiên bản GPU cho SINGA, máy để cài phải có Nvida GPU, và CUDA driver (>=
+384.81), phải được cài đặt CUDA toolkit (>=9) và cuDNN (>=7). Hai Docker images
+dưới đây cung cấp environment để chạy:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>apache/singa:conda-cuda9.0</li>
+<li>apache/singa:conda-cuda10.0</li>
+</ol>
+<p>Sau khi environment để chạy đã sẵn sàng, bạn cần phải export phiên bản CUDA
+trước, sau đó chạy lệnh conda để cài SINGA:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">export CUDA=x.y (e.g. 9.0)
+conda build tool/conda/singa/
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sau-khi-chạy-chương-trình"></a><a href="#sau-khi-chạy-chương-trình" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sau khi chạy chương trình</h3>
+<p>Vị trí đặt tệp tin của gói chương trình được tạo (<code>.tar.gz</code>) hiển thị trên màn
+hình. Gói chương trình được tạo có thể được cài đặt trực tiếp,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install -c conda-forge --use-local <path to the package file>
+</code></pre>
+<p>hoặc tải lên dữ liệu đám mây anaconda cloud để người dùng khác có thể tải và cài
+đặt. Bạn cần phải đăng kí một tài khoản trên anaconda để có thể
+<a href="https://docs.anaconda.com/anaconda-cloud/user-guide/getting-started/">tải lên gói chương trình</a>.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install anaconda-client
+anaconda login
+anaconda upload -l main <path to the package file>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Sau khi tải gói chương trình lên dữ liệu đám mây, bạn có thể tìm thấy gói trên
+website của <a href="https://anaconda.org/">Anaconda Cloud</a> hoặc qua lệnh</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda search -c <anaconda username> singa
+</code></pre>
+<p>Mỗi gói chương trình của SINGA đuợc nhận diện theo phiên bản hoặc dòng lệnh cài
+đặt. Để cài một gói chương trình SINGA cụ thể, bạn cần phải cung cấp toàn bộ
+thông tin, vd.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install -c <anaconda username> -c conda-forge singa=2.1.0.dev=cpu_py36
+</code></pre>
+<p>Để cho lệnh cài đặt không phức tạp, bạn có thể tạo các gói chương trình bổ sung
+sau dựa trên các gói chương trình cho SINGA CPU và GPU mới nhất .</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-console"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> singa-cpu</span>
+conda build tool/conda/cpu/ --python=3.6
+conda build tool/conda/cpu/ --python=3.7
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> singa-gpu</span>
+conda build tool/conda/gpu/ --python=3.6
+conda build tool/conda/gpu/ --python=3.7
+</code></pre>
+<p>Bởi vậy, khi bạn chạy</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install -c <anaconda username> -c conda-forge singa-xpu
+</code></pre>
+<p>(<code>xpu</code> nghĩa là hoặc 'cpu' hoặc 'gpu'), gói SINGA tương ứng thực sự được cài đặt
+như một library phụ thuộc.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sử-dụng-các-phương-tiện-cơ-bản-để-cài-đặt-singa-trên-ubuntu"></a><a href="#sử-dụng-các-phương-tiện-cơ-bản-để-cài-đặt-singa-trên-ubuntu" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sử dụng các phương tiện cơ bản để cài đặt SINGA trên Ubuntu</h2>
+<p>Tham khảo
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/tool/docker/devel/ubuntu/cuda9/Dockerfile#L30">Dockerfiles</a>
+của SINGA để xem hướng dẫn cài đặt các chương trình library phụ thuộc trên
+Ubuntu 16.04. Bạn có thể tạo một Docker container sử dụng <a href="">devel images</a> và
+cài SINGA trong container. Để cài SINGA với GPU, DNNL, Python và unit tests,
+chạy lệnh theo hướng dẫn sau</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir build # tại thư mục nguồn của singa
+cd build
+cmake -DENABLE_TEST=ON -DUSE_CUDA=ON -DUSE_DNNL=ON -DUSE_PYTHON3=ON ..
+make
+cd python
+pip install .
+</code></pre>
+<p>Chi tiết các lựa chọn CMake đuợc giải thích ở phần cuối cùng của trang này. Câu
+lệnh cuối cùng để cài gói Python. Bạn cúng có thể chạy <code>pip install -e .</code>, để
+tạo symlinks thay vì copy các tâp tin Python vào mục site-package.</p>
+<p>Nếu SINGA được compile với ENABLE_TEST=ON, bạn có thể chạy unit test bằng cách</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> ./bin/test_singa</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Bạn sẽ thấy tất cả các trường hợp test kèm theo kết quả test. Nếu SINGA thông
+qua tất cả các test, bạn đã cài đặt SINGA thành công.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sử-dụng-các-phương-tiện-cơ-bản-để-cài-đặt-singa-trên-centos7"></a><a href="#sử-dụng-các-phương-tiện-cơ-bản-để-cài-đặt-singa-trên-centos7" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sử dụng các phương tiện cơ bản để cài đặt SINGA trên Centos7</h2>
+<p>Tạo từ nguồn sẽ khác trên Centos7 bởi tên của gói chương trình là khác nhau. Làm
+theo hướng dẫn dưới đây</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cài-các-chương-trình-phụ-thuộc-dependent-libraries"></a><a href="#cài-các-chương-trình-phụ-thuộc-dependent-libraries" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Cài các chương trình phụ thuộc (dependent libraries)</h3>
+<p>Gói/chương trình cơ bản</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum install freetype-devel libXft-devel ncurses-devel openblas-devel blas-devel lapack devel atlas-devel kernel-headers unzip wget pkgconfig zip zlib-devel libcurl-devel cmake curl unzip dh-autoreconf git python-devel glog-devel protobuf-devel
+</code></pre>
+<p>Cho build-essential</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum group install "Development Tools"
+</code></pre>
+<p>Để cài đặt swig</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum install pcre-devel
+wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/swig/swig-3.0.10.tar.gz
+tar xvzf swig-3.0.10.tar.gz
+cd swig-3.0.10.tar.gz
+./configure --prefix=${RUN}
+make
+make install
+</code></pre>
+<p>Để cài đặt gfortran</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum install centos-release-scl-rh
+sudo yum --enablerepo=centos-sclo-rh-testing install devtoolset-7-gcc-gfortran
+</code></pre>
+<p>Để cài đặt pip và các gói chương trình khác</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum install epel-release
+sudo yum install python-pip
+pip install matplotlib numpy pandas scikit-learn pydot
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cài-đặt"></a><a href="#cài-đặt" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Cài đặt</h3>
+<p>Làm theo bước 1-5 của <em>Use native tools để cài SINGA trên Ubuntu</em></p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="kiểm-tra-testing"></a><a href="#kiểm-tra-testing" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Kiểm tra (testing)</h3>
+<p>Bạn có thể chạy unit tests bằng cách,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> ./bin/test_singa</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Bạn sẽ thấy tất cả các trường hợp test kèm theo kết quả test. Nếu SINGA thông
+qua tất cả các test, bạn đã cài đặt SINGA thành công.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="compile-singa-trên-windows"></a><a href="#compile-singa-trên-windows" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Compile SINGA trên Windows</h2>
+<p>Hướng dẫn cài đặt trên Windows với Python vui lòng xem tại
+<a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/install-win">mục install-win</a>.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="chi-tiết-bổ-sung-về-các-lựa-chọn-biên-dịch-compilation"></a><a href="#chi-tiết-bổ-sung-về-các-lựa-chọn-biên-dịch-compilation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Chi tiết bổ sung về các lựa chọn biên dịch (compilation)</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_modules-không-còn-sử-dụng"></a><a href="#use_modules-không-còn-sử-dụng" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_MODULES (không còn sử dụng)</h3>
+<p>Nếu protobuf và openblas không được cài đặt, bạn có thể compile SINGA cùng với
+chúng.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> In SINGA ROOT folder</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> mkdir build</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> build</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_MODULES=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>cmake sẽ tải OpenBlas và Protobuf (2.6.1) sau đó compile cùng với SINGA.</p>
+<p>Bạn có thể sử dụng <code>ccmake ..</code> để định dạng các lựa chọn biên dịch
+(compilation). Nếu chương trình phụ thuộc (dependent libraries) nào không có
+trong đường dẫn hệ thống mặc định,bạn cần phải export các biến environment sau:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">export CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH=<path to the header file folder>
+export CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=<path to the lib file folder>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_python"></a><a href="#use_python" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_PYTHON</h3>
+<p>Là lựa chọn để compile Python wrapper cho SINGA,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_PYTHON=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> python</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> pip install .</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_cuda"></a><a href="#use_cuda" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_CUDA</h3>
+<p>Chúng tôi khuyến khích cài đặt CUDA và
+<a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn">cuDNN</a> để chạy SINGA trên GPUs nhằm có kết
+quả tốt nhất.</p>
+<p>SINGA đã được kiểm nghiệm chạy trên CUDA 9/10, và cuDNN 7. Nếu cuDNN được cài
+đặt vào thư mục không thuộc hệ thống, vd. /home/bob/local/cudnn/, cần chạy các
+lệnh sau để cmake và runtime có thể tìm được</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH=/home/bob/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/cudnn/include:<span class="hljs-variable">$CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH</span></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/bob/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/cudnn/lib64:<span class="hljs-variable">$CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH</span></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/bob/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/cudnn/lib64:<span class="hljs-variable">$LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span></span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Các lựa chọn cmake cho CUDA và cuDNN cần được kích hoạt</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> các Dependent libs đã được cài đặt</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_CUDA=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_dnnl"></a><a href="#use_dnnl" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_DNNL</h3>
+<p>Người dùng có thể kích hoạt DNNL để cải thiện hiệu quả cho chương trình CPU.</p>
+<p>Hướng dẫn cài đặt DNNL <a href="https://github.com/intel/mkl-dnn#installation">tại đây</a>.</p>
+<p>SINGA đã được thử nghiệm chạy trên DNNL v1.1.</p>
+<p>Để chạy SINGA với DNNL:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> các Dependent libs đã được cài đặt</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_DNNL=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_opencl"></a><a href="#use_opencl" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_OPENCL</h3>
+<p>SINGA sử dụng opencl-headers và viennacl (phiên bản 1.7.1 hoặc mới hơn) để hỗ
+trợ OpenCL, có thể được cài đặt qua</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> Trên Ubuntu 16.04</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo apt-get install opencl-headers, libviennacl-dev</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> Trên Fedora</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo yum install opencl-headers, viennacl</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Bên cạnh đó, bạn cần OpenCL Installable Client Driver (ICD) cho nền tảng mà bạn
+muốn chạy OpenCL.</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Với AMD và nVidia GPUs, driver package nên cài đúng bản OpenCL ICD.</li>
+<li>Với Intel CPUs và/hoặc GPUs, có thể tải driver từ
+<a href="https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/opencl-drivers">Intel website.</a> Lưu
+ý rằng driver này chỉ hỗ trợ các phiên bản mới của CPUs và Iris GPUs.</li>
+<li>Với các bản Intel CPUs cũ hơn, bạn có thể sử dụng gói <code>beignet-opencl-icd</code>.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Lưu ý rằng chạy OpenCL trên CPUs không được khuyến khích bởi tốc độ chậm. Di
+chuyển bộ nhớ theo trình tự tính theo từng giây (1000's của ms trên CPUs so với
+1's của ms trên GPUs).</p>
+<p>Có thể xem thêm thông tin về cách thiết lập environment có chạy OpenCL tại
+<a href="https://wiki.tiker.net/OpenCLHowTo">đây</a>.</p>
+<p>Nếu phiên bản của gói chương trình ViennaCL thấp hơn 1.7.1, bạn cần phải tạo từ
+nguồn:</p>
+<p>Clone <a href="https://github.com/viennacl/viennacl-dev">nguồn tại đây</a>, chọn (checkout)
+tag <code>release-1.7.1</code> để cài đặt. Bạn cần nhớ thêm đường dẫn vào phần <code>PATH</code> và
+tạo libraries vào <code>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</code>.</p>
+<p>Để cài SINGA với hỗ trợ OpenCL (đã thử trên SINGA 1.1):</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_OPENCL=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="gói-chương-trình-package"></a><a href="#gói-chương-trình-package" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>GÓI CHƯƠNG TRÌNH (PACKAGE)</h3>
+<p>Cài đặt này được sử dụng để tạo gói chương trình Debian package. Để PACKAGE=ON
+và tạo gói chương trình với lệnh như sau:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DPACKAGE=ON</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make package</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="câu-hỏi-thường-gặp-qa"></a><a href="#câu-hỏi-thường-gặp-qa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Câu hỏi thường gặp (Q&A)</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: Gặp lỗi khi 'import singa'</p>
+<p>A: Vui lòng kiểm tra chi tiết lỗi từ
+<code>python -c "from singa import _singa_wrap"</code>. Đôi khi lỗi xảy ra bởi các
+dependent libraries, vd. protobuf có nhiều phiên bản, nếu thiếu cudnn, phiên
+bản numpy sẽ không tương thích. Các bước sau đưa ra giải pháp cho từng trường
+hợp:</p>
+<ol>
+<li><p>Kiểm tra cudnn và cuda. Nếu thiếu cudnn hoặc không tương thích với phiên
+bản của wheel, bạn có thể tải phiên bản đúng của cudnn vào thư mục
+~/local/cudnn/ và</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/<yourname>/local/cudnn/lib64:<span class="hljs-variable">$LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span>"</span> >> ~/.bashrc</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Nếu lỗi liên quan tới protobuf. Bạn có thể cài đặt (3.6.1) từ nguồn vào một
+thư mục trong máy của bạn(local). chẳng hạn ~/local/; Giải nén file tar,
+sau đó</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> ./configure --prefix=/home/<yourname><span class="hljs-built_in">local</span></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make && make install</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/<yourname>/local/lib:<span class="hljs-variable">$LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span>"</span> >> ~/.bashrc</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">source</span> ~/.bashrc</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Nếu không tìm được libs nào bao gồm python, thì taọ virtual env sử dụng
+<code>pip</code> hoặc <code>conda</code>;</p></li>
+<li><p>Nếu lỗi không do các nguyên nhân trên thì đi tới thư mục của
+<code>_singa_wrap.so</code>,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash">> import importlib</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash">> importlib.import_module(<span class="hljs-string">'_singa_wrap'</span>)</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+</ol>
+<p>kiểm tra thông báo lỗi. Ví dụ nếu phiên bản numpy không tương thích, thông báo
+lỗi sẽ là</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">RuntimeError: module compiled against API version 0xb but this version of numpy is 0xa
+</code></pre>
+<p>sau đó bạn cần phải nâng cấp numpy.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: Lỗi khi chạy <code>cmake ..</code>, không tìm được dependent libraries.</p>
+<p>A: Nếu bạn vẫn chưa cài đặt libraries đó, thì cài đặt chúng. Nếu bạn cài
+libraries trong thư mục bên ngoài thư mục system, chẳng hạn như /usr/local,
+bạn cần export các biến sau đây</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH=<path to your header file folder></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=<path to your lib file folder></span>
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: Lỗi từ <code>make</code>, vd. linking phase</p>
+<p>A: Nếu libraries nằm trong thư mục không phải là thư mục system mặc định trong
+đường dẫn, bạn cần export các biến sau</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> LIBRARY_PATH=<path to your lib file folder></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> LD_LIBRARY_PATH=<path to your lib file folder></span>
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: Lỗi từ các tệp tin headers vd. 'cblas.h no such file or directory exists'</p>
+<p>A: Bạn cần bao gồm các thư mục cblas.h vào CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH, e.g.,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/opt/OpenBLAS/include:<span class="hljs-variable">$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH</span></span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: Khi compile SINGA, gặp lỗi <code>SSE2 instruction set not enabled</code></p>
+<p>A: Bạn có thể thử lệnh sau:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make CFLAGS=<span class="hljs-string">'-msse2'</span> CXXFLAGS=<span class="hljs-string">'-msse2'</span></span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q:Gặp lỗi <code>ImportError: cannot import name enum_type_wrapper</code> từ
+google.protobuf.internal khi tôi cố gắng import các tệp tin dạng .py.</p>
+<p>A: Bạn cần cài đặt python cho protobuf, có thể cài đặt qua</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo apt-get install protobuf</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<p>hoặc từ nguồn</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> /PROTOBUF/SOURCE/FOLDER</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> python</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python setup.py build</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python setup.py install</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: Khi tôi tạo OpenBLAS từ nguồn, tôi gặp yêu cầu cần phải có Fortran
+compiler.</p>
+<p>A: Bạn có thể compile OpenBLAS bằng cách</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make ONLY_CBLAS=1</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>hoặc cài dặt sử dụng</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo apt-get install libopenblas-dev</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: Khi tôi tạo protocol buffer, thì bị thông báo <code>GLIBC++_3.4.20</code> không được
+tìm thấy trong <code>/usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6</code>?</p>
+<p>A: Nghĩa là linker trong libstdc++.so.6 nhưng chương trình này thuộc về một
+phiên bản cũ hơn của GCC đã được dùng để compile và link chương trình. Chương
+trình phụ thuộc vào code viết trong phiên bản libstdc++ cập nhật thuộc về
+phiên bản mới hơn của GCC, vì vậy linker phải chỉ ra cách để cài phiên bản
+libstdc++ mới hơn được chia sẻ trong library. Cách đơn giản nhất để sửa lỗi
+này là tìm phiên bản đúng cho libstdc++ và export nó vào LD_LIBRARY_PATH. Ví
+dụ nếu GLIBC++_3.4.20 có trong output của lệnh sau</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> $ strings /usr/local/lib64/libstdc++.so.6|grep GLIBC++
+</code></pre>
+<p>thì bạn chỉ cần tạo biến environment</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> $ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: Khi tạo glog, nhận thông báo "src/logging_unittest.cc:83:20: error:
+‘gflags’ is not a namespace-name"</p>
+<p>A: Có thể do bạn đã cài gflags với một namespace khác như là "google". vì thế
+glog không thể tìm thấy 'gflags' namespace. Do cài glog thì không cần phải có
+gflags. Nên bạn cần sửa tệp tin configure.ac thành ignore gflags.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> 1. cd to glog src directory
+ 2. change line 125 of configure.ac to "AC_CHECK_LIB(gflags, main, ac_cv_have_libgflags=0, ac_cv_have_libgflags=0)"
+ 3. autoreconf
+</code></pre>
+<p>Sau đó bạn có thể cài lại glog.</p></li>
+<li><p>Q: Khi sử dụng virtual environment, bất cứ khi nào tôi chạy pip install, numpy
+sẽ tự cài lại numpy. Tuy nhiên, numpy này không được sử dụng khi tôi
+<code>import numpy</code></p>
+<p>A: Lỗi có thể gây ra bởi <code>PYTHONPATH</code> vốn nên được để trống (empty) khi bạn sử
+dụng virtual environment nhằm tránh conflict với đường dẫn của virtual
+environment.</p></li>
+<li><p>Q: Khi compile PySINGA từ nguồn, có lỗi compilation do thiếu
+<numpy/objectarray.h></p>
+<p>A: Vui lòng cài đặt numpy và export đường dẫn của tệp tin numpy header như sau</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> $ export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=`python -c "import numpy; print numpy.get_include()"`:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: Khi chạy SINGA trên Mac OS X, tôi gặp lỗi "Fatal Python error:
+PyThreadState_Get: no current thread Abort trap: 6"</p>
+<p>A: Lỗi này thường xảy ra khi bạn có nhiều phiên bản Python trong hệ thống, và
+bạn cài SINGA qua pip (vấn đề này có thể được giải quyết nếu cài đặt bằng
+conda), vd. một bên qua OS và một bên cài đặt qua Homebrew. Python dùng trong
+PySINGA phải là Python interpreter. Bạn có thể kiểm tra trình thông dịch
+(interpreter) của mình bằng <code>which python</code> và kiểm tra bản Python dùng trong
+PySINGA qua <code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>. Để sửa lỗi này, bạn compile
+SINGA với đúng phiên bản mà SINGA cần. Cụ thể, nếu bạn tạo PySINGA từ nguồn,
+bạn cần cụ thể đường dẫn khi gọi
+<a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15291500/i-have-2-versions-of-python-installed-but-cmake-is-using-older-version-how-do">cmake</a></p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> $ cmake -DPYTHON_LIBRARY=`python-config --prefix`/lib/libpython2.7.dylib -DPYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=`python-config --prefix`/include/python2.7/ ..
+</code></pre>
+<p>Nếu cài đặt PySINGA từ gói binary packages, vd. debian hay wheel, thì bạn cần
+thay đổi trình thông dịch của python (python interpreter), vd., reset $PATH
+để đường dẫn dúng của Python ở đằng trước.</p></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#sử-dụng-conda-để-cài-singa">Sử dụng Conda để cài SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tạo-phiên-bản-cpu">Tạo phiên bản CPU</a></li><li><a href="#tạo-phiên-bản-gpu">Tạo phiên bản GPU</a></li><li><a href="#sau-khi-chạy-chương-trình">Sau khi chạy chương trình</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#sử-dụng-các-phương-tiện-cơ-bản-để-cài-đặt-singa-trên-ubuntu">Sử dụng các phương tiện cơ bản để cài đặt SINGA trên Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#sử-dụng-các-phương-tiện-cơ-bản-để-cài-đặt-singa-trên-centos7">Sử dụng các phương tiện cơ bản để cài đặt SINGA trên Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cài-các-chương-trình-phụ-thuộc-dependent-libraries">Cài các chương trình phụ thuộc (dependent libraries)</a></li><li><a href="#cài-đặt">Cài đặt</a></li><li><a href="#kiểm-tra-testing">Kiểm tra (testing)</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-trên-windows">Compile SINGA trên Windows</a></li><li><a href="#chi-tiết-bổ-sung-về-các-lựa-chọn-biên-dịch-compilation">Chi tiết bổ sung về các lựa chọn biên dịch (compilation)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-không-còn-sử-dụng">USE_MODULES (không còn sử dụng)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#gói-chương-trình-package">GÓI CHƯƠNG TRÌNH (PACKAGE)</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#câu-hỏi-thường-gặp-qa">Câu hỏi thường gặp (Q&A)</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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@@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Cài đặt SINGA từ Nguồn (Source) · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Cài đặt SINGA từ Nguồn (Source) · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Viet</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Development</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Getting Started</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/installation">Cài đặt</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/software-stack">Software Stack</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/examples">Ví Dụ</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Guides</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/device">Device</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/tensor">Tensor</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/autograd">Autograd</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/optimizer">Optimizer</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/graph">Model</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/onnx">ONNX</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/dist-train">Distributed Training</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/time-profiling">Time Profiling</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Development</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/downloads">Tải SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/build">Cài đặt SINGA từ Nguồn (Source)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/contribute-code">Tham gia viết code</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/contribute-docs">Tham gia chỉnh sửa Hướng Dẫn Sử Dụng</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/how-to-release">Chuẩn bị trước khi phát hành</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/git-workflow">Quy Trình Sử Dụng Git</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/build.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Cài đặt SINGA từ Nguồn (Source)</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>Các tệp nguồn có thể được tải dưới dạng
+<a href="https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/">tar.gz file</a>, hoặc git repo</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> git <span class="hljs-built_in">clone</span> https://github.com/apache/singa.git</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> singa/</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Nếu bạn muốn tham gia đóng góp code cho SINGA, tham khảo
+<a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/contribute-code">mục contribute-code</a> với các bước làm và yêu cầu kĩ thuật.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sử-dụng-conda-để-cài-singa"></a><a href="#sử-dụng-conda-để-cài-singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sử dụng Conda để cài SINGA</h2>
+<p>Conda-build là phần mềm giúp cài đặt thư viện chương trình từ dữ liệu đám mây
+anaconda và thực hiện các tập lệnh tạo chương trình.</p>
+<p>Để cài đặt conda-build (sau khi cài conda)</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install conda-build
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tạo-phiên-bản-cpu"></a><a href="#tạo-phiên-bản-cpu" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tạo phiên bản CPU</h3>
+<p>Để tạo phiên bản CPU cho SINGA</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda build tool/conda/singa/
+</code></pre>
+<p>Lệnh trên đã được kiểm tra trên Ubuntu (14.04, 16.04 và 18.04) và macOS 10.11.
+Tham khảo <a href="https://travis-ci.org/apache/singa">trang Travis-CI</a> để biết thêm chi
+tiết.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tạo-phiên-bản-gpu"></a><a href="#tạo-phiên-bản-gpu" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tạo phiên bản GPU</h3>
+<p>Để tạo phiên bản GPU cho SINGA, máy để cài phải có Nvida GPU, và CUDA driver (>=
+384.81), phải được cài đặt CUDA toolkit (>=9) và cuDNN (>=7). Hai Docker images
+dưới đây cung cấp environment để chạy:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>apache/singa:conda-cuda9.0</li>
+<li>apache/singa:conda-cuda10.0</li>
+</ol>
+<p>Sau khi environment để chạy đã sẵn sàng, bạn cần phải export phiên bản CUDA
+trước, sau đó chạy lệnh conda để cài SINGA:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">export CUDA=x.y (e.g. 9.0)
+conda build tool/conda/singa/
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sau-khi-chạy-chương-trình"></a><a href="#sau-khi-chạy-chương-trình" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sau khi chạy chương trình</h3>
+<p>Vị trí đặt tệp tin của gói chương trình được tạo (<code>.tar.gz</code>) hiển thị trên màn
+hình. Gói chương trình được tạo có thể được cài đặt trực tiếp,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install -c conda-forge --use-local <path to the package file>
+</code></pre>
+<p>hoặc tải lên dữ liệu đám mây anaconda cloud để người dùng khác có thể tải và cài
+đặt. Bạn cần phải đăng kí một tài khoản trên anaconda để có thể
+<a href="https://docs.anaconda.com/anaconda-cloud/user-guide/getting-started/">tải lên gói chương trình</a>.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install anaconda-client
+anaconda login
+anaconda upload -l main <path to the package file>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Sau khi tải gói chương trình lên dữ liệu đám mây, bạn có thể tìm thấy gói trên
+website của <a href="https://anaconda.org/">Anaconda Cloud</a> hoặc qua lệnh</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda search -c <anaconda username> singa
+</code></pre>
+<p>Mỗi gói chương trình của SINGA đuợc nhận diện theo phiên bản hoặc dòng lệnh cài
+đặt. Để cài một gói chương trình SINGA cụ thể, bạn cần phải cung cấp toàn bộ
+thông tin, vd.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install -c <anaconda username> -c conda-forge singa=2.1.0.dev=cpu_py36
+</code></pre>
+<p>Để cho lệnh cài đặt không phức tạp, bạn có thể tạo các gói chương trình bổ sung
+sau dựa trên các gói chương trình cho SINGA CPU và GPU mới nhất .</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-console"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> singa-cpu</span>
+conda build tool/conda/cpu/ --python=3.6
+conda build tool/conda/cpu/ --python=3.7
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> singa-gpu</span>
+conda build tool/conda/gpu/ --python=3.6
+conda build tool/conda/gpu/ --python=3.7
+</code></pre>
+<p>Bởi vậy, khi bạn chạy</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda install -c <anaconda username> -c conda-forge singa-xpu
+</code></pre>
+<p>(<code>xpu</code> nghĩa là hoặc 'cpu' hoặc 'gpu'), gói SINGA tương ứng thực sự được cài đặt
+như một library phụ thuộc.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sử-dụng-các-phương-tiện-cơ-bản-để-cài-đặt-singa-trên-ubuntu"></a><a href="#sử-dụng-các-phương-tiện-cơ-bản-để-cài-đặt-singa-trên-ubuntu" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sử dụng các phương tiện cơ bản để cài đặt SINGA trên Ubuntu</h2>
+<p>Tham khảo
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/tool/docker/devel/ubuntu/cuda9/Dockerfile#L30">Dockerfiles</a>
+của SINGA để xem hướng dẫn cài đặt các chương trình library phụ thuộc trên
+Ubuntu 16.04. Bạn có thể tạo một Docker container sử dụng <a href="">devel images</a> và
+cài SINGA trong container. Để cài SINGA với GPU, DNNL, Python và unit tests,
+chạy lệnh theo hướng dẫn sau</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir build # tại thư mục nguồn của singa
+cd build
+cmake -DENABLE_TEST=ON -DUSE_CUDA=ON -DUSE_DNNL=ON -DUSE_PYTHON3=ON ..
+make
+cd python
+pip install .
+</code></pre>
+<p>Chi tiết các lựa chọn CMake đuợc giải thích ở phần cuối cùng của trang này. Câu
+lệnh cuối cùng để cài gói Python. Bạn cúng có thể chạy <code>pip install -e .</code>, để
+tạo symlinks thay vì copy các tâp tin Python vào mục site-package.</p>
+<p>Nếu SINGA được compile với ENABLE_TEST=ON, bạn có thể chạy unit test bằng cách</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> ./bin/test_singa</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Bạn sẽ thấy tất cả các trường hợp test kèm theo kết quả test. Nếu SINGA thông
+qua tất cả các test, bạn đã cài đặt SINGA thành công.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sử-dụng-các-phương-tiện-cơ-bản-để-cài-đặt-singa-trên-centos7"></a><a href="#sử-dụng-các-phương-tiện-cơ-bản-để-cài-đặt-singa-trên-centos7" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sử dụng các phương tiện cơ bản để cài đặt SINGA trên Centos7</h2>
+<p>Tạo từ nguồn sẽ khác trên Centos7 bởi tên của gói chương trình là khác nhau. Làm
+theo hướng dẫn dưới đây</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cài-các-chương-trình-phụ-thuộc-dependent-libraries"></a><a href="#cài-các-chương-trình-phụ-thuộc-dependent-libraries" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Cài các chương trình phụ thuộc (dependent libraries)</h3>
+<p>Gói/chương trình cơ bản</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum install freetype-devel libXft-devel ncurses-devel openblas-devel blas-devel lapack devel atlas-devel kernel-headers unzip wget pkgconfig zip zlib-devel libcurl-devel cmake curl unzip dh-autoreconf git python-devel glog-devel protobuf-devel
+</code></pre>
+<p>Cho build-essential</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum group install "Development Tools"
+</code></pre>
+<p>Để cài đặt swig</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum install pcre-devel
+wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/swig/swig-3.0.10.tar.gz
+tar xvzf swig-3.0.10.tar.gz
+cd swig-3.0.10.tar.gz
+./configure --prefix=${RUN}
+make
+make install
+</code></pre>
+<p>Để cài đặt gfortran</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum install centos-release-scl-rh
+sudo yum --enablerepo=centos-sclo-rh-testing install devtoolset-7-gcc-gfortran
+</code></pre>
+<p>Để cài đặt pip và các gói chương trình khác</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">sudo yum install epel-release
+sudo yum install python-pip
+pip install matplotlib numpy pandas scikit-learn pydot
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cài-đặt"></a><a href="#cài-đặt" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Cài đặt</h3>
+<p>Làm theo bước 1-5 của <em>Use native tools để cài SINGA trên Ubuntu</em></p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="kiểm-tra-testing"></a><a href="#kiểm-tra-testing" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Kiểm tra (testing)</h3>
+<p>Bạn có thể chạy unit tests bằng cách,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> ./bin/test_singa</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Bạn sẽ thấy tất cả các trường hợp test kèm theo kết quả test. Nếu SINGA thông
+qua tất cả các test, bạn đã cài đặt SINGA thành công.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="compile-singa-trên-windows"></a><a href="#compile-singa-trên-windows" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Compile SINGA trên Windows</h2>
+<p>Hướng dẫn cài đặt trên Windows với Python vui lòng xem tại
+<a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/install-win">mục install-win</a>.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="chi-tiết-bổ-sung-về-các-lựa-chọn-biên-dịch-compilation"></a><a href="#chi-tiết-bổ-sung-về-các-lựa-chọn-biên-dịch-compilation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Chi tiết bổ sung về các lựa chọn biên dịch (compilation)</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_modules-không-còn-sử-dụng"></a><a href="#use_modules-không-còn-sử-dụng" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_MODULES (không còn sử dụng)</h3>
+<p>Nếu protobuf và openblas không được cài đặt, bạn có thể compile SINGA cùng với
+chúng.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> In SINGA ROOT folder</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> mkdir build</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> build</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_MODULES=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>cmake sẽ tải OpenBlas và Protobuf (2.6.1) sau đó compile cùng với SINGA.</p>
+<p>Bạn có thể sử dụng <code>ccmake ..</code> để định dạng các lựa chọn biên dịch
+(compilation). Nếu chương trình phụ thuộc (dependent libraries) nào không có
+trong đường dẫn hệ thống mặc định,bạn cần phải export các biến environment sau:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">export CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH=<path to the header file folder>
+export CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=<path to the lib file folder>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_python"></a><a href="#use_python" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_PYTHON</h3>
+<p>Là lựa chọn để compile Python wrapper cho SINGA,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_PYTHON=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> python</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> pip install .</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_cuda"></a><a href="#use_cuda" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_CUDA</h3>
+<p>Chúng tôi khuyến khích cài đặt CUDA và
+<a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn">cuDNN</a> để chạy SINGA trên GPUs nhằm có kết
+quả tốt nhất.</p>
+<p>SINGA đã được kiểm nghiệm chạy trên CUDA 9/10, và cuDNN 7. Nếu cuDNN được cài
+đặt vào thư mục không thuộc hệ thống, vd. /home/bob/local/cudnn/, cần chạy các
+lệnh sau để cmake và runtime có thể tìm được</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH=/home/bob/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/cudnn/include:<span class="hljs-variable">$CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH</span></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/bob/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/cudnn/lib64:<span class="hljs-variable">$CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH</span></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/bob/<span class="hljs-built_in">local</span>/cudnn/lib64:<span class="hljs-variable">$LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span></span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Các lựa chọn cmake cho CUDA và cuDNN cần được kích hoạt</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> các Dependent libs đã được cài đặt</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_CUDA=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_dnnl"></a><a href="#use_dnnl" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_DNNL</h3>
+<p>Người dùng có thể kích hoạt DNNL để cải thiện hiệu quả cho chương trình CPU.</p>
+<p>Hướng dẫn cài đặt DNNL <a href="https://github.com/intel/mkl-dnn#installation">tại đây</a>.</p>
+<p>SINGA đã được thử nghiệm chạy trên DNNL v1.1.</p>
+<p>Để chạy SINGA với DNNL:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> các Dependent libs đã được cài đặt</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_DNNL=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="use_opencl"></a><a href="#use_opencl" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>USE_OPENCL</h3>
+<p>SINGA sử dụng opencl-headers và viennacl (phiên bản 1.7.1 hoặc mới hơn) để hỗ
+trợ OpenCL, có thể được cài đặt qua</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> Trên Ubuntu 16.04</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo apt-get install opencl-headers, libviennacl-dev</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> Trên Fedora</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo yum install opencl-headers, viennacl</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Bên cạnh đó, bạn cần OpenCL Installable Client Driver (ICD) cho nền tảng mà bạn
+muốn chạy OpenCL.</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Với AMD và nVidia GPUs, driver package nên cài đúng bản OpenCL ICD.</li>
+<li>Với Intel CPUs và/hoặc GPUs, có thể tải driver từ
+<a href="https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/opencl-drivers">Intel website.</a> Lưu
+ý rằng driver này chỉ hỗ trợ các phiên bản mới của CPUs và Iris GPUs.</li>
+<li>Với các bản Intel CPUs cũ hơn, bạn có thể sử dụng gói <code>beignet-opencl-icd</code>.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Lưu ý rằng chạy OpenCL trên CPUs không được khuyến khích bởi tốc độ chậm. Di
+chuyển bộ nhớ theo trình tự tính theo từng giây (1000's của ms trên CPUs so với
+1's của ms trên GPUs).</p>
+<p>Có thể xem thêm thông tin về cách thiết lập environment có chạy OpenCL tại
+<a href="https://wiki.tiker.net/OpenCLHowTo">đây</a>.</p>
+<p>Nếu phiên bản của gói chương trình ViennaCL thấp hơn 1.7.1, bạn cần phải tạo từ
+nguồn:</p>
+<p>Clone <a href="https://github.com/viennacl/viennacl-dev">nguồn tại đây</a>, chọn (checkout)
+tag <code>release-1.7.1</code> để cài đặt. Bạn cần nhớ thêm đường dẫn vào phần <code>PATH</code> và
+tạo libraries vào <code>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</code>.</p>
+<p>Để cài SINGA với hỗ trợ OpenCL (đã thử trên SINGA 1.1):</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DUSE_OPENCL=ON ..</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="gói-chương-trình-package"></a><a href="#gói-chương-trình-package" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>GÓI CHƯƠNG TRÌNH (PACKAGE)</h3>
+<p>Cài đặt này được sử dụng để tạo gói chương trình Debian package. Để PACKAGE=ON
+và tạo gói chương trình với lệnh như sau:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> cmake -DPACKAGE=ON</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make package</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="câu-hỏi-thường-gặp-qa"></a><a href="#câu-hỏi-thường-gặp-qa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Câu hỏi thường gặp (Q&A)</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: Gặp lỗi khi 'import singa'</p>
+<p>A: Vui lòng kiểm tra chi tiết lỗi từ
+<code>python -c "from singa import _singa_wrap"</code>. Đôi khi lỗi xảy ra bởi các
+dependent libraries, vd. protobuf có nhiều phiên bản, nếu thiếu cudnn, phiên
+bản numpy sẽ không tương thích. Các bước sau đưa ra giải pháp cho từng trường
+hợp:</p>
+<ol>
+<li><p>Kiểm tra cudnn và cuda. Nếu thiếu cudnn hoặc không tương thích với phiên
+bản của wheel, bạn có thể tải phiên bản đúng của cudnn vào thư mục
+~/local/cudnn/ và</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/<yourname>/local/cudnn/lib64:<span class="hljs-variable">$LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span>"</span> >> ~/.bashrc</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Nếu lỗi liên quan tới protobuf. Bạn có thể cài đặt (3.6.1) từ nguồn vào một
+thư mục trong máy của bạn(local). chẳng hạn ~/local/; Giải nén file tar,
+sau đó</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> ./configure --prefix=/home/<yourname><span class="hljs-built_in">local</span></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make && make install</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-string">"export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/<yourname>/local/lib:<span class="hljs-variable">$LD_LIBRARY_PATH</span>"</span> >> ~/.bashrc</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">source</span> ~/.bashrc</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Nếu không tìm được libs nào bao gồm python, thì taọ virtual env sử dụng
+<code>pip</code> hoặc <code>conda</code>;</p></li>
+<li><p>Nếu lỗi không do các nguyên nhân trên thì đi tới thư mục của
+<code>_singa_wrap.so</code>,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash">> import importlib</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash">> importlib.import_module(<span class="hljs-string">'_singa_wrap'</span>)</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+</ol>
+<p>kiểm tra thông báo lỗi. Ví dụ nếu phiên bản numpy không tương thích, thông báo
+lỗi sẽ là</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">RuntimeError: module compiled against API version 0xb but this version of numpy is 0xa
+</code></pre>
+<p>sau đó bạn cần phải nâng cấp numpy.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: Lỗi khi chạy <code>cmake ..</code>, không tìm được dependent libraries.</p>
+<p>A: Nếu bạn vẫn chưa cài đặt libraries đó, thì cài đặt chúng. Nếu bạn cài
+libraries trong thư mục bên ngoài thư mục system, chẳng hạn như /usr/local,
+bạn cần export các biến sau đây</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CMAKE_INCLUDE_PATH=<path to your header file folder></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH=<path to your lib file folder></span>
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: Lỗi từ <code>make</code>, vd. linking phase</p>
+<p>A: Nếu libraries nằm trong thư mục không phải là thư mục system mặc định trong
+đường dẫn, bạn cần export các biến sau</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> LIBRARY_PATH=<path to your lib file folder></span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> LD_LIBRARY_PATH=<path to your lib file folder></span>
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: Lỗi từ các tệp tin headers vd. 'cblas.h no such file or directory exists'</p>
+<p>A: Bạn cần bao gồm các thư mục cblas.h vào CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH, e.g.,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">export</span> CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/opt/OpenBLAS/include:<span class="hljs-variable">$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH</span></span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: Khi compile SINGA, gặp lỗi <code>SSE2 instruction set not enabled</code></p>
+<p>A: Bạn có thể thử lệnh sau:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make CFLAGS=<span class="hljs-string">'-msse2'</span> CXXFLAGS=<span class="hljs-string">'-msse2'</span></span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q:Gặp lỗi <code>ImportError: cannot import name enum_type_wrapper</code> từ
+google.protobuf.internal khi tôi cố gắng import các tệp tin dạng .py.</p>
+<p>A: Bạn cần cài đặt python cho protobuf, có thể cài đặt qua</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo apt-get install protobuf</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<p>hoặc từ nguồn</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> /PROTOBUF/SOURCE/FOLDER</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> python</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python setup.py build</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python setup.py install</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: Khi tôi tạo OpenBLAS từ nguồn, tôi gặp yêu cầu cần phải có Fortran
+compiler.</p>
+<p>A: Bạn có thể compile OpenBLAS bằng cách</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> make ONLY_CBLAS=1</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>hoặc cài dặt sử dụng</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo apt-get install libopenblas-dev</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: Khi tôi tạo protocol buffer, thì bị thông báo <code>GLIBC++_3.4.20</code> không được
+tìm thấy trong <code>/usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6</code>?</p>
+<p>A: Nghĩa là linker trong libstdc++.so.6 nhưng chương trình này thuộc về một
+phiên bản cũ hơn của GCC đã được dùng để compile và link chương trình. Chương
+trình phụ thuộc vào code viết trong phiên bản libstdc++ cập nhật thuộc về
+phiên bản mới hơn của GCC, vì vậy linker phải chỉ ra cách để cài phiên bản
+libstdc++ mới hơn được chia sẻ trong library. Cách đơn giản nhất để sửa lỗi
+này là tìm phiên bản đúng cho libstdc++ và export nó vào LD_LIBRARY_PATH. Ví
+dụ nếu GLIBC++_3.4.20 có trong output của lệnh sau</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> $ strings /usr/local/lib64/libstdc++.so.6|grep GLIBC++
+</code></pre>
+<p>thì bạn chỉ cần tạo biến environment</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> $ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: Khi tạo glog, nhận thông báo "src/logging_unittest.cc:83:20: error:
+‘gflags’ is not a namespace-name"</p>
+<p>A: Có thể do bạn đã cài gflags với một namespace khác như là "google". vì thế
+glog không thể tìm thấy 'gflags' namespace. Do cài glog thì không cần phải có
+gflags. Nên bạn cần sửa tệp tin configure.ac thành ignore gflags.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> 1. cd to glog src directory
+ 2. change line 125 of configure.ac to "AC_CHECK_LIB(gflags, main, ac_cv_have_libgflags=0, ac_cv_have_libgflags=0)"
+ 3. autoreconf
+</code></pre>
+<p>Sau đó bạn có thể cài lại glog.</p></li>
+<li><p>Q: Khi sử dụng virtual environment, bất cứ khi nào tôi chạy pip install, numpy
+sẽ tự cài lại numpy. Tuy nhiên, numpy này không được sử dụng khi tôi
+<code>import numpy</code></p>
+<p>A: Lỗi có thể gây ra bởi <code>PYTHONPATH</code> vốn nên được để trống (empty) khi bạn sử
+dụng virtual environment nhằm tránh conflict với đường dẫn của virtual
+environment.</p></li>
+<li><p>Q: Khi compile PySINGA từ nguồn, có lỗi compilation do thiếu
+<numpy/objectarray.h></p>
+<p>A: Vui lòng cài đặt numpy và export đường dẫn của tệp tin numpy header như sau</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> $ export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=`python -c "import numpy; print numpy.get_include()"`:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: Khi chạy SINGA trên Mac OS X, tôi gặp lỗi "Fatal Python error:
+PyThreadState_Get: no current thread Abort trap: 6"</p>
+<p>A: Lỗi này thường xảy ra khi bạn có nhiều phiên bản Python trong hệ thống, và
+bạn cài SINGA qua pip (vấn đề này có thể được giải quyết nếu cài đặt bằng
+conda), vd. một bên qua OS và một bên cài đặt qua Homebrew. Python dùng trong
+PySINGA phải là Python interpreter. Bạn có thể kiểm tra trình thông dịch
+(interpreter) của mình bằng <code>which python</code> và kiểm tra bản Python dùng trong
+PySINGA qua <code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>. Để sửa lỗi này, bạn compile
+SINGA với đúng phiên bản mà SINGA cần. Cụ thể, nếu bạn tạo PySINGA từ nguồn,
+bạn cần cụ thể đường dẫn khi gọi
+<a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15291500/i-have-2-versions-of-python-installed-but-cmake-is-using-older-version-how-do">cmake</a></p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"> $ cmake -DPYTHON_LIBRARY=`python-config --prefix`/lib/libpython2.7.dylib -DPYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=`python-config --prefix`/include/python2.7/ ..
+</code></pre>
+<p>Nếu cài đặt PySINGA từ gói binary packages, vd. debian hay wheel, thì bạn cần
+thay đổi trình thông dịch của python (python interpreter), vd., reset $PATH
+để đường dẫn dúng của Python ở đằng trước.</p></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#sử-dụng-conda-để-cài-singa">Sử dụng Conda để cài SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tạo-phiên-bản-cpu">Tạo phiên bản CPU</a></li><li><a href="#tạo-phiên-bản-gpu">Tạo phiên bản GPU</a></li><li><a href="#sau-khi-chạy-chương-trình">Sau khi chạy chương trình</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#sử-dụng-các-phương-tiện-cơ-bản-để-cài-đặt-singa-trên-ubuntu">Sử dụng các phương tiện cơ bản để cài đặt SINGA trên Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#sử-dụng-các-phương-tiện-cơ-bản-để-cài-đặt-singa-trên-centos7">Sử dụng các phương tiện cơ bản để cài đặt SINGA trên Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cài-các-chương-trình-phụ-thuộc-dependent-libraries">Cài các chương trình phụ thuộc (dependent libraries)</a></li><li><a href="#cài-đặt">Cài đặt</a></li><li><a href="#kiểm-tra-testing">Kiểm tra (testing)</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-trên-windows">Compile SINGA trên Windows</a></li><li><a href="#chi-tiết-bổ-sung-về-các-lựa-chọn-biên-dịch-compilation">Chi tiết bổ sung về các lựa chọn biên dịch (compilation)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-không-còn-sử-dụng">USE_MODULES (không còn sử dụng)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#gói-chương-trình-package">GÓI CHƯƠNG TRÌNH (PACKAGE)</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#câu-hỏi-thường-gặp-qa">Câu hỏi thường gặp (Q&A)</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+ return;
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/contribute-code.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Tham gia viết code</h1></header><article><div><span><!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="định-dạng-mã-code"></a><a href="#định-dạng-mã-code" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Định dạng mã code</h2>
+<p>Nền tảng code của SINGA tuân theo định dạng Google cho cả code
+<a href="http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/cppguide.xml">CPP</a> và
+<a href="http://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html">Python</a>.</p>
+<p>Một cách đơn giản để thực hiện định dạng lập trình Google là sử dụng linting và
+các công cụ định dạng trong Visual Studio Code editor:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode.cpptools">C/C++ extension</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-python.python">Python extension</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=mine.cpplint">cpplint extension</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=xaver.clang-format">Clang-Format</a></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Sau khi cài extensions, chỉnh sửa tệp tin <code>settings.json</code>.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-json">{
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"[cpp]"</span>: {
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"editor.defaultFormatter"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"xaver.clang-format"</span>
+ },
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"cpplint.cpplintPath"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"path/to/cpplint"</span>,
+
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"editor.formatOnSave"</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"python.formatting.provider"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"yapf"</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"python.linting.enabled"</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"python.linting.lintOnSave"</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"clang-format.language.cpp.style"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"google"</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"python.formatting.yapfArgs"</span>: [<span class="hljs-string">"--style"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"{based_on_style: google}"</span>]
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>Dựa vào nền tảng bạn đang sử dụng. tệp tin user settings được đặt tại đây:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Windows %APPDATA%\Code\User\settings.json</li>
+<li>macOS "$HOME/Library/Application Support/Code/User/settings.json"</li>
+<li>Linux "$HOME/.config/Code/User/settings.json"</li>
+</ol>
+<p>Thông số cấu hình cụ thể có trong các tệp tin config file tuơng ứng. Những công
+cụ này sẽ tự động tìm kiếm các tập tin cấu hình configuration files trong root
+của dự án, vd. <code>.pylintrc</code>.</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cài-đặt-công-cụ"></a><a href="#cài-đặt-công-cụ" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Cài đặt công cụ</h4>
+<p>Tốt nhất là tất cả người tham gia viết mã code sử dụng cùng một phiên bản công
+cụ định dạng mã code (clang-format 9.0.0 và yapf 0.29.0), để tất cả định dạng mã
+code sẽ giống nhau dù thuộc về các PRs khác nhau, nhằm tránh tạo conflict trong
+github pull request.</p>
+<p>Trước tiên, cài đặt LLVM 9.0 cung cấp clang-format phiên bản 9.0.0. Trang tải
+LLVM là:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p><a href="http://releases.llvm.org/download.html#9.0.0">LLVM</a></p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Trên Ubuntu</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh">sudo apt-get install clang-format-9
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Trên Windows. Tải gói pre-built và cài đặt</p></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Sau đó, cài cpplint, pylint và yapf</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Ubuntu or OSX:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo pip install cpplint</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">which</span> cpplint</span>
+/path/to/cpplint
+<span class="hljs-meta">
+$</span><span class="bash"> pip install yapf==0.29.0</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> pip install pylint</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Windows: Cài Anaconda cho gói quản lý package management.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">$ pip <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> cpplint
+$ <span class="hljs-keyword">where</span> cpplint
+C:/<span class="hljs-keyword">path</span>/<span class="hljs-keyword">to</span>/cpplint.exe
+
+$ pip <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> yapf==<span class="hljs-number">0.29</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>
+$ pip <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> pylint
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sử-dụng"></a><a href="#sử-dụng" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sử dụng</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>Sau khi kích hoạt, linting sẽ tự động được áp dụng khi bạn chỉnh sửa các tập
+tin mã code nguồn (source code file). Lỗi và cảnh báo sẽ hiển thị trên thanh
+Visual Studio Code <code>PROBLEMS</code>.</li>
+<li>Định dạng mã code có thể thực hiện bằng cách sử dụng Command
+Palette(<code>Shift+Ctrl+P</code> cho Windows hay <code>Shift+Command+P</code> cho OSX) và gõ
+<code>Format Document</code>.</li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="gửi"></a><a href="#gửi" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Gửi</h4>
+<p>Bạn cần phải chữa lỗi định dạng nếu có trước khi gửi đi pull requests.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tạo-environment"></a><a href="#tạo-environment" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tạo Environment</h2>
+<p>Chúng tôi khuyến khích dùng Visual Studio Code để viết code. Có thể cài các
+Extensions như Python, C/C++, Code Spell Checker, autoDocstring, vim, Remote
+Development. Tham khảo cấu hình (vd., <code>settings.json</code>) của các extensions
+<a href="https://gist.github.com/nudles/3d23cfb6ffb30ca7636c45fe60278c55">tại đây</a>.</p>
+<p>Nếu bạn cập nhật mã code CPP, bạn cần recompile SINGA <a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/build">từ nguồn</a>.
+Nên sử dụng các công cụ cài đặt cơ bản trong <code>*-devel</code> Docker images hay
+<code>conda build</code>.</p>
+<p>Nếu bạn chỉ cập nhật mã code Python, bạn cần cài đặt SINGAS một lần, sau đó copy
+các tập tin Python cập nhật để thay thế chúng trong thư mục cài đặt Python,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cp python/singa/xx.py <path to conda>/lib/python3.7/site-packages/singa/
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="trình-tự"></a><a href="#trình-tự" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Trình Tự</h2>
+<p>Vui lòng tham khảo mục <a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/git-workflow">git workflow</a>.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#định-dạng-mã-code">Định dạng mã code</a></li><li><a href="#tạo-environment">Tạo Environment</a></li><li><a href="#trình-tự">Trình Tự</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
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+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Tham gia viết code · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Tham gia viết code · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Viet</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Development</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Getting Started</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/installation">Cài đặt</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/software-stack">Software Stack</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/examples">Ví Dụ</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Guides</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/device">Device</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/tensor">Tensor</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/autograd">Autograd</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/optimizer">Optimizer</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/graph">Model</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/onnx">ONNX</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/dist-train">Distributed Training</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/time-profiling">Time Profiling</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Development</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/downloads">Tải SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/build">Cài đặt SINGA từ Nguồn (Source)</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/contribute-code">Tham gia viết code</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/contribute-docs">Tham gia chỉnh sửa Hướng Dẫn Sử Dụng</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/how-to-release">Chuẩn bị trước khi phát hành</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/git-workflow">Quy Trình Sử Dụng Git</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="định-dạng-mã-code"></a><a href="#định-dạng-mã-code" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Định dạng mã code</h2>
+<p>Nền tảng code của SINGA tuân theo định dạng Google cho cả code
+<a href="http://google-styleguide.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/cppguide.xml">CPP</a> và
+<a href="http://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html">Python</a>.</p>
+<p>Một cách đơn giản để thực hiện định dạng lập trình Google là sử dụng linting và
+các công cụ định dạng trong Visual Studio Code editor:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode.cpptools">C/C++ extension</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-python.python">Python extension</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=mine.cpplint">cpplint extension</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=xaver.clang-format">Clang-Format</a></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Sau khi cài extensions, chỉnh sửa tệp tin <code>settings.json</code>.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-json">{
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"[cpp]"</span>: {
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"editor.defaultFormatter"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"xaver.clang-format"</span>
+ },
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"cpplint.cpplintPath"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"path/to/cpplint"</span>,
+
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"editor.formatOnSave"</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"python.formatting.provider"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"yapf"</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"python.linting.enabled"</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"python.linting.lintOnSave"</span>: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"clang-format.language.cpp.style"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"google"</span>,
+ <span class="hljs-attr">"python.formatting.yapfArgs"</span>: [<span class="hljs-string">"--style"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"{based_on_style: google}"</span>]
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>Dựa vào nền tảng bạn đang sử dụng. tệp tin user settings được đặt tại đây:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Windows %APPDATA%\Code\User\settings.json</li>
+<li>macOS "$HOME/Library/Application Support/Code/User/settings.json"</li>
+<li>Linux "$HOME/.config/Code/User/settings.json"</li>
+</ol>
+<p>Thông số cấu hình cụ thể có trong các tệp tin config file tuơng ứng. Những công
+cụ này sẽ tự động tìm kiếm các tập tin cấu hình configuration files trong root
+của dự án, vd. <code>.pylintrc</code>.</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cài-đặt-công-cụ"></a><a href="#cài-đặt-công-cụ" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Cài đặt công cụ</h4>
+<p>Tốt nhất là tất cả người tham gia viết mã code sử dụng cùng một phiên bản công
+cụ định dạng mã code (clang-format 9.0.0 và yapf 0.29.0), để tất cả định dạng mã
+code sẽ giống nhau dù thuộc về các PRs khác nhau, nhằm tránh tạo conflict trong
+github pull request.</p>
+<p>Trước tiên, cài đặt LLVM 9.0 cung cấp clang-format phiên bản 9.0.0. Trang tải
+LLVM là:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p><a href="http://releases.llvm.org/download.html#9.0.0">LLVM</a></p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Trên Ubuntu</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh">sudo apt-get install clang-format-9
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Trên Windows. Tải gói pre-built và cài đặt</p></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Sau đó, cài cpplint, pylint và yapf</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Ubuntu or OSX:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo pip install cpplint</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">which</span> cpplint</span>
+/path/to/cpplint
+<span class="hljs-meta">
+$</span><span class="bash"> pip install yapf==0.29.0</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> pip install pylint</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Windows: Cài Anaconda cho gói quản lý package management.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">$ pip <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> cpplint
+$ <span class="hljs-keyword">where</span> cpplint
+C:/<span class="hljs-keyword">path</span>/<span class="hljs-keyword">to</span>/cpplint.exe
+
+$ pip <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> yapf==<span class="hljs-number">0.29</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>
+$ pip <span class="hljs-keyword">install</span> pylint
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sử-dụng"></a><a href="#sử-dụng" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sử dụng</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>Sau khi kích hoạt, linting sẽ tự động được áp dụng khi bạn chỉnh sửa các tập
+tin mã code nguồn (source code file). Lỗi và cảnh báo sẽ hiển thị trên thanh
+Visual Studio Code <code>PROBLEMS</code>.</li>
+<li>Định dạng mã code có thể thực hiện bằng cách sử dụng Command
+Palette(<code>Shift+Ctrl+P</code> cho Windows hay <code>Shift+Command+P</code> cho OSX) và gõ
+<code>Format Document</code>.</li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="gửi"></a><a href="#gửi" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Gửi</h4>
+<p>Bạn cần phải chữa lỗi định dạng nếu có trước khi gửi đi pull requests.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tạo-environment"></a><a href="#tạo-environment" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tạo Environment</h2>
+<p>Chúng tôi khuyến khích dùng Visual Studio Code để viết code. Có thể cài các
+Extensions như Python, C/C++, Code Spell Checker, autoDocstring, vim, Remote
+Development. Tham khảo cấu hình (vd., <code>settings.json</code>) của các extensions
+<a href="https://gist.github.com/nudles/3d23cfb6ffb30ca7636c45fe60278c55">tại đây</a>.</p>
+<p>Nếu bạn cập nhật mã code CPP, bạn cần recompile SINGA <a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/build">từ nguồn</a>.
+Nên sử dụng các công cụ cài đặt cơ bản trong <code>*-devel</code> Docker images hay
+<code>conda build</code>.</p>
+<p>Nếu bạn chỉ cập nhật mã code Python, bạn cần cài đặt SINGAS một lần, sau đó copy
+các tập tin Python cập nhật để thay thế chúng trong thư mục cài đặt Python,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cp python/singa/xx.py <path to conda>/lib/python3.7/site-packages/singa/
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="trình-tự"></a><a href="#trình-tự" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Trình Tự</h2>
+<p>Vui lòng tham khảo mục <a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/git-workflow">git workflow</a>.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#định-dạng-mã-code">Định dạng mã code</a></li><li><a href="#tạo-environment">Tạo Environment</a></li><li><a href="#trình-tự">Trình Tự</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Tham gia chỉnh sửa Hướng Dẫn Sử Dụng · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Tham gia chỉnh sửa Hướng Dẫn Sử Dụng · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/contribute-docs.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Tham gia chỉnh sửa Hướng Dẫn Sử Dụng</h1></header><article><div><span><!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>Hướng Dẫn Sử Dụng có hai dạng, dạng tập tin markdown và dạng sử dụng API
+reference. Tài liệu này giới thiệu vài công cụ và chỉ dẫn trong việc chuẩn bị
+các tập tin nguồn markdown và chú thích API.</p>
+<p>Tập tin markdown sẽ được sử dụng trong việc tạo trang HTML qua
+<a href="https://docusaurus.io/">Docusaurus</a>; Chú thích API (từ nguồn mã code) sẽ được
+sử dụng để tạo các trang tham khảo API sử dụng Sphinx (cho Python) và Doxygen
+(cho CPP).</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tập-tin-markdown"></a><a href="#tập-tin-markdown" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tập Tin Markdown</h2>
+<p>Làm theo <a href="https://developers.google.com/style">định dạng Văn bản Google</a>. Ví dụ,</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Bỏ 'vui lòng' (please) khỏi bất cứ hướng dẫn sử dụng nào. 'Please click...'
+thành 'Click ...'.</li>
+<li>Làm theo
+<a href="https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/mechanics/help_with_capitals.html">qui tắc viết hoa tiêu chuẩn</a>.</li>
+<li>Sử dụng 'bạn' thay cho 'chúng tôi' trong hướng dẫn.</li>
+<li>Sử dụng thì hiện tại và tránh sử dụng từ 'sẽ'</li>
+<li>Nên dùng dạng chủ động thay vì bị động</li>
+</ol>
+<p>Thêm vào đó, để cho nội dung hướng dẫn sủ dụng thống nhất,</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Viết câu ngắn, chẳng hạn độ dài <=80</li>
+<li>Sử dụng đường dẫn liên quan, mặc định chúng ta đang ở thư mục root của repo,
+vd., <code>doc-site/docs</code> để chỉ <code>singa-doc/docs-site/docs</code></li>
+<li>Nhấn mạnh câu lệnh, đường dẫn, class, function và biến sử dụng backticks,
+vd., <code>Tensor</code>, <code>singa-doc/docs-site/docs</code>.</li>
+<li>Để nêu bật các điều khoản/khái niệm, sử dụng <em>graph</em> hoặc <strong>graph</strong></li>
+</ol>
+<p><a href="https://prettier.io/">Cộng cụ prettier</a> được sử dụng bởi dự án này sẽ tự làm
+định dạng code dựa trên
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/.prettierrc">cấu hình</a>
+khi thực hiện <code>git commit</code>. Ví dụ, nó sẽ gói chữ trong các tập tin markdown
+thành nhiều nhất 80 kí tự (trừ các dòng chú thích).</p>
+<p>Khi giới thiệu một khái niệm (concept) (vd., class <code>Tensor</code>), đưa ra khái quát
+chung (mục đích và mối quan hệ với các khái niệm khác), APIs và ví dụ. Google
+colab có thể được sử dụng để mô phỏng điều này.</p>
+<p>Tham khảo <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/tree/master/docs-site">trang</a> để
+biết thêm chi tiết về cách chỉnh sửa các tập tin markdown và xây dựng website.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tham-khảo-api"></a><a href="#tham-khảo-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tham Khảo API</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h3>
+<p>Thực hiện theo
+<a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#Comments">Mẫu chú thích của Google CPP</a>.</p>
+<p>Để tạo văn bản, chạy "doxygen" từ thư mục doc (khuyến khích Doxygen >= 1.8)</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h3>
+<p>Thực hiện theo
+<a href="http://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html#38-comments-and-docstrings">Mẫu Google Python DocString</a>.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="visual-studio-code-vscode"></a><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Visual Studio Code (vscode)</h2>
+<p>Nếu bạn sử dụng vscode để viết code, các plugins sau sẽ giúp ích.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="docstring-snippet"></a><a href="#docstring-snippet" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Docstring Snippet</h3>
+<p><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=njpwerner.autodocstring">autoDocstring</a>
+tạo docstring của functions, classes, v.v. Lựa chọn định dạng DocString to
+<code>google</code>.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="kiểm-tra-lỗi-chính-tả"></a><a href="#kiểm-tra-lỗi-chính-tả" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Kiểm Tra Lỗi Chính Tả</h3>
+<p><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=streetsidesoftware.code-spell-checker">Code Spell Checker</a>
+có thể được cơ cấu để kiểm tra chú thích trong mã code, hoặc các tập tin .md và
+.rst.</p>
+<p>Để kiểm tra lỗi chính tả cho các dòng chú thích trong code Python, thêm vào các
+snippet sau qua <code>File - Preferences - User Snippets - python.json</code></p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">"cspell check" : {
+"prefix": "cspell",
+"body": [
+ "# Chỉ dẫn kiểm tra lỗi chính tả cho các dòng chú thích trong code python và c/cpp",
+ "# cSpell:includeRegExp #.* ",
+ "# cSpell:includeRegExp (\"\"\"|''')[^\1]*\1",
+ "# cSpell: CStyleComment",
+],
+"description": "# chỉ kiểm tra lỗi chính tả cho chú thích trong python"
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>Để kiểm tra lỗi chính tả cho các dòng chú thích trong code Cpp, thêm vào các
+snippet sau qua <code>File - Preferences - User Snippets - cpp.json</code></p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">"cspell check" : {
+"prefix": "cspell",
+"body": [
+ "// Chỉ dẫn kiểm tra lỗi chính tả cho các dòng chú thích trong code cpp",
+ "// cSpell:includeRegExp CStyleComment",
+],
+"description": "# chỉ kiểm tra lỗi chính tả cho chú thích trong cpp"
+}
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tập-tin-markdown">Tập Tin Markdown</a></li><li><a href="#tham-khảo-api">Tham Khảo API</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#kiểm-tra-lỗi-chính-tả">Kiểm Tra Lỗi Chính Tả</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Tham gia chỉnh sửa Hướng Dẫn Sử Dụng · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Tham gia chỉnh sửa Hướng Dẫn Sử Dụng · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/contribute-docs.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Tham gia chỉnh sửa Hướng Dẫn Sử Dụng</h1></header><article><div><span><!-- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>Hướng Dẫn Sử Dụng có hai dạng, dạng tập tin markdown và dạng sử dụng API
+reference. Tài liệu này giới thiệu vài công cụ và chỉ dẫn trong việc chuẩn bị
+các tập tin nguồn markdown và chú thích API.</p>
+<p>Tập tin markdown sẽ được sử dụng trong việc tạo trang HTML qua
+<a href="https://docusaurus.io/">Docusaurus</a>; Chú thích API (từ nguồn mã code) sẽ được
+sử dụng để tạo các trang tham khảo API sử dụng Sphinx (cho Python) và Doxygen
+(cho CPP).</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tập-tin-markdown"></a><a href="#tập-tin-markdown" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tập Tin Markdown</h2>
+<p>Làm theo <a href="https://developers.google.com/style">định dạng Văn bản Google</a>. Ví dụ,</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Bỏ 'vui lòng' (please) khỏi bất cứ hướng dẫn sử dụng nào. 'Please click...'
+thành 'Click ...'.</li>
+<li>Làm theo
+<a href="https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/mechanics/help_with_capitals.html">qui tắc viết hoa tiêu chuẩn</a>.</li>
+<li>Sử dụng 'bạn' thay cho 'chúng tôi' trong hướng dẫn.</li>
+<li>Sử dụng thì hiện tại và tránh sử dụng từ 'sẽ'</li>
+<li>Nên dùng dạng chủ động thay vì bị động</li>
+</ol>
+<p>Thêm vào đó, để cho nội dung hướng dẫn sủ dụng thống nhất,</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Viết câu ngắn, chẳng hạn độ dài <=80</li>
+<li>Sử dụng đường dẫn liên quan, mặc định chúng ta đang ở thư mục root của repo,
+vd., <code>doc-site/docs</code> để chỉ <code>singa-doc/docs-site/docs</code></li>
+<li>Nhấn mạnh câu lệnh, đường dẫn, class, function và biến sử dụng backticks,
+vd., <code>Tensor</code>, <code>singa-doc/docs-site/docs</code>.</li>
+<li>Để nêu bật các điều khoản/khái niệm, sử dụng <em>graph</em> hoặc <strong>graph</strong></li>
+</ol>
+<p><a href="https://prettier.io/">Cộng cụ prettier</a> được sử dụng bởi dự án này sẽ tự làm
+định dạng code dựa trên
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/.prettierrc">cấu hình</a>
+khi thực hiện <code>git commit</code>. Ví dụ, nó sẽ gói chữ trong các tập tin markdown
+thành nhiều nhất 80 kí tự (trừ các dòng chú thích).</p>
+<p>Khi giới thiệu một khái niệm (concept) (vd., class <code>Tensor</code>), đưa ra khái quát
+chung (mục đích và mối quan hệ với các khái niệm khác), APIs và ví dụ. Google
+colab có thể được sử dụng để mô phỏng điều này.</p>
+<p>Tham khảo <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/tree/master/docs-site">trang</a> để
+biết thêm chi tiết về cách chỉnh sửa các tập tin markdown và xây dựng website.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tham-khảo-api"></a><a href="#tham-khảo-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tham Khảo API</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h3>
+<p>Thực hiện theo
+<a href="https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#Comments">Mẫu chú thích của Google CPP</a>.</p>
+<p>Để tạo văn bản, chạy "doxygen" từ thư mục doc (khuyến khích Doxygen >= 1.8)</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h3>
+<p>Thực hiện theo
+<a href="http://google.github.io/styleguide/pyguide.html#38-comments-and-docstrings">Mẫu Google Python DocString</a>.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="visual-studio-code-vscode"></a><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Visual Studio Code (vscode)</h2>
+<p>Nếu bạn sử dụng vscode để viết code, các plugins sau sẽ giúp ích.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="docstring-snippet"></a><a href="#docstring-snippet" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Docstring Snippet</h3>
+<p><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=njpwerner.autodocstring">autoDocstring</a>
+tạo docstring của functions, classes, v.v. Lựa chọn định dạng DocString to
+<code>google</code>.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="kiểm-tra-lỗi-chính-tả"></a><a href="#kiểm-tra-lỗi-chính-tả" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Kiểm Tra Lỗi Chính Tả</h3>
+<p><a href="https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=streetsidesoftware.code-spell-checker">Code Spell Checker</a>
+có thể được cơ cấu để kiểm tra chú thích trong mã code, hoặc các tập tin .md và
+.rst.</p>
+<p>Để kiểm tra lỗi chính tả cho các dòng chú thích trong code Python, thêm vào các
+snippet sau qua <code>File - Preferences - User Snippets - python.json</code></p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">"cspell check" : {
+"prefix": "cspell",
+"body": [
+ "# Chỉ dẫn kiểm tra lỗi chính tả cho các dòng chú thích trong code python và c/cpp",
+ "# cSpell:includeRegExp #.* ",
+ "# cSpell:includeRegExp (\"\"\"|''')[^\1]*\1",
+ "# cSpell: CStyleComment",
+],
+"description": "# chỉ kiểm tra lỗi chính tả cho chú thích trong python"
+}
+</code></pre>
+<p>Để kiểm tra lỗi chính tả cho các dòng chú thích trong code Cpp, thêm vào các
+snippet sau qua <code>File - Preferences - User Snippets - cpp.json</code></p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">"cspell check" : {
+"prefix": "cspell",
+"body": [
+ "// Chỉ dẫn kiểm tra lỗi chính tả cho các dòng chú thích trong code cpp",
+ "// cSpell:includeRegExp CStyleComment",
+],
+"description": "# chỉ kiểm tra lỗi chính tả cho chú thích trong cpp"
+}
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tập-tin-markdown">Tập Tin Markdown</a></li><li><a href="#tham-khảo-api">Tham Khảo API</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#kiểm-tra-lỗi-chính-tả">Kiểm Tra Lỗi Chính Tả</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Device · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Device · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<p>Device dùng ở đây nghĩa là thiết bị phần cứng với bộ nhớ và các bộ phận máy
+tính. Tất cả <a href="./tensor">Tensor operations</a> được sắp xếp bởi các thiết bị
+resident device khi chạy. Bộ nhớ của Tensor luôn luôn được quản lý bởi memory
+manager của thiết bị đó. Bởi vậy việc tận dụng tối đa bộ nhớ và thực hiện được
+tiến hành tại Device class.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="các-thiết-bị-cụ-thể"></a><a href="#các-thiết-bị-cụ-thể" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Các thiết bị cụ thể</h2>
+<p>Hiện tại, SINGA được chạy trên ba Device,</p>
+<ol>
+<li>CudaGPU cho cạc Nvidia GPU card chạy code Cuda</li>
+<li>CppCPU cho CPU chạy Cpp code</li>
+<li>OpenclGPU cho cạc GPU chạy OpenCL code</li>
+</ol>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="ví-dụ-sử-dụng"></a><a href="#ví-dụ-sử-dụng" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Ví Dụ Sử Dụng</h2>
+<p>Code dưới đây là ví dụ về việc tạo device:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> device
+cuda = device.create_cuda_gpu_on(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># sử dụng cạc GPU với ID 0</span>
+host = device.get_default_device() <span class="hljs-comment"># tạo host mặc định cho device (CppCPU)</span>
+ary1 = device.create_cuda_gpus(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># tạo 2 devices, bắt đầu từ ID 0</span>
+ary2 = device.create_cuda_gpus([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]) <span class="hljs-comment"># tạo 2 devices với ID 0 và 2</span>
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#các-thiết-bị-cụ-thể">Các thiết bị cụ thể</a></li><li><a href="#ví-dụ-sử-dụng">Ví Dụ Sử Dụng</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Device · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Device · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<p>Device dùng ở đây nghĩa là thiết bị phần cứng với bộ nhớ và các bộ phận máy
+tính. Tất cả <a href="./tensor">Tensor operations</a> được sắp xếp bởi các thiết bị
+resident device khi chạy. Bộ nhớ của Tensor luôn luôn được quản lý bởi memory
+manager của thiết bị đó. Bởi vậy việc tận dụng tối đa bộ nhớ và thực hiện được
+tiến hành tại Device class.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="các-thiết-bị-cụ-thể"></a><a href="#các-thiết-bị-cụ-thể" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Các thiết bị cụ thể</h2>
+<p>Hiện tại, SINGA được chạy trên ba Device,</p>
+<ol>
+<li>CudaGPU cho cạc Nvidia GPU card chạy code Cuda</li>
+<li>CppCPU cho CPU chạy Cpp code</li>
+<li>OpenclGPU cho cạc GPU chạy OpenCL code</li>
+</ol>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="ví-dụ-sử-dụng"></a><a href="#ví-dụ-sử-dụng" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Ví Dụ Sử Dụng</h2>
+<p>Code dưới đây là ví dụ về việc tạo device:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> device
+cuda = device.create_cuda_gpu_on(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># sử dụng cạc GPU với ID 0</span>
+host = device.get_default_device() <span class="hljs-comment"># tạo host mặc định cho device (CppCPU)</span>
+ary1 = device.create_cuda_gpus(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># tạo 2 devices, bắt đầu từ ID 0</span>
+ary2 = device.create_cuda_gpus([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]) <span class="hljs-comment"># tạo 2 devices với ID 0 và 2</span>
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#các-thiết-bị-cụ-thể">Các thiết bị cụ thể</a></li><li><a href="#ví-dụ-sử-dụng">Ví Dụ Sử Dụng</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>SINGA hỗ trợ data parallel training trên nhiều GPUs (trên một node hoặc nhiều
+node khác nhau). Sơ đồ sau mô phỏng data parallel training:</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/MPI.png" alt="MPI.png"></p>
+<p>Trong distributed training, mỗi chỉ lệnh (gọi là worker) chạy một training
+script trên một máy GPU. Mỗi chỉ lệnh (process) có một communication rank riêng.
+Dữ liệu để training được phân cho các worker và model thì được sao chép cho mỗi
+worker. Ở mỗi vòng, worker đọc một mini-batch dữ liệu (vd., 256 hình ảnh) từ
+phần được chia và chạy thuật toán BackPropagation để tính ra độ dốc (gradient)
+của weight, được lấy trung bình qua all-reduce (cung cấp bởi
+<a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/nccl">NCCL</a>) để cập nhật weight theo thuật toán
+stochastic gradient descent (SGD).</p>
+<p>Hàm all-reduce operation bởi NCCL có thể được sử dụng để giảm và đồng bộ hoá độ
+dốc từ các máy GPU các nhau. Xem thử training với 4 GPUs như dưới đây. Sau khi
+độ dốc (gradients) từ 4 GPUs được tính, all-reduce sẽ trả lại tổng độ dốc
+(gradient) cho các GPU và đưa tới mỗi GPU. Sau đó có thể dễ dàng tính ra độ dốc
+trung bình.</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/AllReduce.png" alt="AllReduce.png"></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sử-dụng"></a><a href="#sử-dụng" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sử Dụng</h2>
+<p>SINGA áp dụng một module gọi là <code>DistOpt</code> (là dạng con của <code>Opt</code>) cho
+distributed training. Nó gói lại normal SGD optimizer và gọi <code>Communicator</code> để
+động bộ hoá độ dốc. Ví dụ sau mô phỏng cách sử dụng <code>DistOpt</code> để training một
+CNN model với dữ liệu MNIST. Nguồn code có thể tìm
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/">tại đây</a>, và
+<a href="">Colab notebook</a>.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="code-ví-dụ"></a><a href="#code-ví-dụ" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Code Ví Dụ</h3>
+<ol>
+<li>Định nghĩa neural network model:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">CNN</span><span class="hljs-params">(model.Model)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, num_channels=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)</span>:</span>
+ super(CNN, self).__init__()
+ self.conv1 = layer.Conv2d(num_channels, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, activation=<span class="hljs-string">"RELU"</span>)
+ self.conv2 = layer.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">50</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, activation=<span class="hljs-string">"RELU"</span>)
+ self.linear1 = layer.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">500</span>)
+ self.linear2 = layer.Linear(num_classes)
+ self.pooling1 = layer.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.pooling2 = layer.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.relu = layer.ReLU()
+ self.flatten = layer.Flatten()
+ self.softmax_cross_entropy = layer.SoftMaxCrossEntropy()
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x)</span>:</span>
+ y = self.conv1(x)
+ y = self.pooling1(y)
+ y = self.conv2(y)
+ y = self.pooling2(y)
+ y = self.flatten(y)
+ y = self.linear1(y)
+ y = self.relu(y)
+ y = self.linear2(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, y, dist_option=<span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>, spars=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)</span>:</span>
+ out = self.forward(x)
+ loss = self.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># cho phép nhiều lựa chọn dùng trong distributed training</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Tham khảo mục "Optimizations về Distributed Training"</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>:
+ self.optimizer(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp16'</span>:
+ self.optimizer.backward_and_update_half(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'partialUpdate'</span>:
+ self.optimizer.backward_and_partial_update(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseTopK'</span>:
+ self.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>,
+ spars=spars)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseThreshold'</span>:
+ self.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>,
+ spars=spars)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># tạo model</span>
+model = CNN()
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>Tạo <code>DistOpt</code> instance và đính nó vào model đã tạo:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>)
+sgd = opt.DistOpt(sgd)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu_on(sgd.local_rank)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Đây là giải thích cho các biến sử dụng trong code:</p>
+<p>(i) <code>dev</code></p>
+<p>dev dùng để chỉ <code>Device</code> instance, nơi tải dữ liệu và chạy CNN model.</p>
+<p>(ii)<code>local_rank</code></p>
+<p>Local rank chỉ số GPU mà chỉ lệnh (process) hiện tại đang sử dụng trên cùng một
+node. Ví dụ, nếu bạn đang sử dụng một node có 2 GPUs, <code>local_rank=0</code> nghĩa là
+chỉ lệnh này đang sử dụng máy GPU đầu tiên, trong khi <code>local_rank=1</code> nghĩa là
+đang sử dụng máy GPU thứ hai. Sử dụng MPI hay đa xử lý, bạn có thể chạy cùng một
+tập lệnh training chỉ khác giá trị của <code>local_rank</code>.</p>
+<p>(iii)<code>global_rank</code></p>
+<p>Rank trong global biểu thị global rank cho tất cả các chỉ lệnh (process) trong
+các nodes mà bạn đang sử dụng. Lấy ví dụ trường hợp bạn có 3 nodes và mỗi một
+node có hai GPUs, <code>global_rank=0</code> nghĩa là chỉ lệnh đang sử dụng máy GPU đầu
+tiên ở node đầu tiên, <code>global_rank=2</code> nghĩa là chỉ lệnh đang sử dụng máy GPU đầu
+tiên ở node thứ 2, và <code>global_rank=4</code> nghĩa là chỉ lệnh đang sử dụng máy GPU đầu
+tiên ở node thứ 3.</p>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>Tải và phân chia dữ liệu để training/validation</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">data_partition</span><span class="hljs-params">(dataset_x, dataset_y, global_rank, world_size)</span>:</span>
+ data_per_rank = dataset_x.shape[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] // world_size
+ idx_start = global_rank * data_per_rank
+ idx_end = (global_rank + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * data_per_rank
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dataset_x[idx_start:idx_end], dataset_y[idx_start:idx_end]
+
+train_x, train_y, test_x, test_y = load_dataset()
+train_x, train_y = data_partition(train_x, train_y,
+ sgd.global_rank, sgd.world_size)
+test_x, test_y = data_partition(test_x, test_y,
+ sgd.global_rank, sgd.world_size)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Một phần của bộ dữ liệu (dataset) được trả lại cho <code>dev</code>.</p>
+<p>Tại đây, <code>world_size</code> thể hiện tổng số chỉ lệnh trong tất cả các node mà bạn
+đang sử dụng cho distributed training.</p>
+<ol start="4">
+<li>Khởi tạo và đồng bộ các tham số của model cho tất cả workers:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># Đồng bộ tham số ban đầu</span>
+tx = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, IMG_SIZE, IMG_SIZE), dev, tensor.float32)
+ty = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, num_classes), dev, tensor.int32)
+model.compile([tx], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, use_graph=graph, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+...
+<span class="hljs-comment"># Sử dụng cùng một random seed cho các ranks khác nhau</span>
+seed = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
+dev.SetRandSeed(seed)
+np.random.seed(seed)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="5">
+<li>Chạy BackPropagation và distributed SGD</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> epoch <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(max_epoch):
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_train_batch):
+ x = train_x[idx[b * batch_size: (b + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * batch_size]]
+ y = train_y[idx[b * batch_size: (b + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * batch_size]]
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(x)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(y)
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Train the model</span>
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="hướng-dẫn-thực-hiện"></a><a href="#hướng-dẫn-thực-hiện" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Hướng Dẫn Thực Hiện</h3>
+<p>Có hai cách để bắt đầu quá trình training: MPI hoặc Python đa xử lý.</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-đa-xử-lý"></a><a href="#python-đa-xử-lý" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python Đa Xử Lý</h4>
+<p>Chạy trên một node với nhiều GPUs, trong đó mỗi GPU là một worker.</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Đặt tất cả các training codes trong cùng một hàm (function)</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_mnist_cnn</span><span class="hljs-params">(nccl_id=None, local_rank=None, world_size=None)</span>:</span>
+ ...
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>Tạo <code>mnist_multiprocess.py</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="hljs-string">'__main__'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Generate a NCCL ID to be used for collective communication</span>
+ nccl_id = singa.NcclIdHolder()
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Define the number of GPUs to be used in the training process</span>
+ world_size = int(sys.argv[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>])
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Define and launch the multi-processing</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> multiprocessing
+ process = []
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> local_rank <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, world_size):
+ process.append(multiprocessing.Process(target=train_mnist_cnn,
+ args=(nccl_id, local_rank, world_size)))
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> process:
+ p.start()
+</code></pre>
+<p>Dưới đây là giải thích cho các biến tạo ở trên:</p>
+<p>(i) <code>nccl_id</code></p>
+<p>Lưu ý rằng chúng ta cần phải tạo một NCCL ID ở đây để sử dụng cho collective
+communication, sau đó gửi nó tới tất cả các chỉ lệnh. NCCL ID giống như là vé
+vào cửa, khi chỉ có chỉ lệnh với ID này có thể tham gia vào quá trình
+all-reduce. (Về sua nếu dùng MPI, thì việc sử dụng NCCL ID là không cần thiết,
+bởi vì ID được gửi đi bởi MPI trong code của chúng tôi một cách tự động)</p>
+<p>(ii) <code>world_size</code></p>
+<p>world_size là số lượng máy GPUs bạn muốn sử dụng cho training.</p>
+<p>(iii) <code>local_rank</code></p>
+<p>local_rank xác định local rank của distributed training và máy gpu được sử dụng
+trong chỉ lệnh. Trong code bên trên, for loop được sử dụng để chạy hàm train
+function, và local_rank chạy vòng từ 0 tới world_size. Trong trường hợp này, chỉ
+lệnh khác nhau có thể sử dụng máy GPUs khác nhau để training.</p>
+<p>Tham số để tạo <code>DistOpt</code> instance cần được cập nhật như sau:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">sgd = opt.DistOpt(sgd, nccl_id=nccl_id, local_rank=local_rank, world_size=world_size)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>Chạy <code>mnist_multiprocess.py</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh">python mnist_multiprocess.py 2
+</code></pre>
+<p>Kết qủa hiển thị tốc độ so với training trên một máy GPU.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">408.909790</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.880475</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.956430</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">1</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">102.396790</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.967415</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.977564</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">2</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">69.217010</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.977915</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.981370</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">3</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">54.248390</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.982823</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.984075</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">4</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">45.213406</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.985560</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.985276</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">5</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">38.868435</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987764</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.986278</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">6</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">34.078186</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.989149</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987881</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">7</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">30.138697</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.990451</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988181</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">8</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">26.854443</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.991520</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988682</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">9</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">24.039650</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.992405</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.989083</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="mpi"></a><a href="#mpi" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>MPI</h4>
+<p>Có thể dùng cho cả một node và nhiều node miễn là có nhiều máy GPUs.</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Tạo <code>mnist_dist.py</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="hljs-string">'__main__'</span>:
+ train_mnist_cnn()
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>Tạo một hostfile cho MPI, vd. hostfile dưới đây sử dụng 2 chỉ lệnh (vd., 2
+GPUs) trên một node</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-txt">localhost:<span class="hljs-number">2</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>Khởi động quá trình training qua <code>mpiexec</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh">mpiexec --hostfile host_file python mnist_dist.py
+</code></pre>
+<p>Kết qủa có thể hiển thị tốc độ so với training trên một máy GPU.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">383.969543</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.886402</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.954327</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">1</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">97.531479</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.969451</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.977163</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">2</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">67.166870</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.978516</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.980769</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">3</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">53.369656</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.983040</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.983974</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">4</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">45.100403</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.985777</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.986078</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">5</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">39.330826</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987447</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987179</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">6</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">34.655270</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988799</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987780</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">7</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">30.749735</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.989984</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988281</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">8</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">27.422146</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.991319</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988582</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">9</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">24.548153</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.992171</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988682</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tối-ưu-hoá-distributed-training"></a><a href="#tối-ưu-hoá-distributed-training" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tối Ưu Hoá Distributed Training</h2>
+<p>SINGA cung cấp chiến lược đa tối ưu hoá cho distributed training để giảm
+communication cost. Tham khảo API của <code>DistOpt</code> cho cấu hình của mỗi cách.</p>
+<p>Khi sử dụng <code>model.Model</code> để tạo một model, cần phải đặt các lựa chọn cho
+distributed training trong phương pháp <code>train_one_batch</code>. Tham khảo code ví dụ
+trên đầu trang. Bạn có thể chỉ cần copy code cho các lựa chọn và sử dụng nó cho
+các model khác. Với các lựa chọn xác định, ta có thể đặt tham số<code>dist_option</code> và
+<code>spars</code> khi bắt đầu training với <code>model(tx, ty, dist_option, spars)</code></p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="không-tối-ưu-hoá"></a><a href="#không-tối-ưu-hoá" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Không Tối Ưu Hoá</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>loss</code> là output tensor từ hàm loss function, vd., cross-entropy cho
+classification tasks.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="half-precision-gradients"></a><a href="#half-precision-gradients" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Half-precision Gradients</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty, dist_option = <span class="hljs-string">'fp16'</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Chuyển đổi gía trị độ dốc sang hiển thị dạng 16-bit (vd., half-precision) trước
+khi gọi hàm all-reduce.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="đồng-bộ-cục-bộ-partial-synchronization"></a><a href="#đồng-bộ-cục-bộ-partial-synchronization" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Đồng Bộ Cục Bộ (Partial Synchronization)</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty, dist_option = <span class="hljs-string">'partialUpdate'</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Ở mỗi vòng lặp (iteration), mỗi rank thực hiện việc cập nhật sgd. Sau đó chỉ một
+nhóm tham số là được tính trung bình để đồng bộ hoá. Điều này giúp tiết kiệm
+communication cost. Độ lớn của nhóm này được xác định khi tạo hàm <code>DistOpt</code>
+instance.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="phân-bổ-độ-dốc-gradient-sparsification"></a><a href="#phân-bổ-độ-dốc-gradient-sparsification" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Phân Bổ Độ Dốc (Gradient Sparsification)</h3>
+<p>Kế hoạch phân bổ để chọn ra một nhóm nhỏ độ dốc nhằm thực hiện all-reduce. Có
+hai cách:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Chọn K phần tử lớn nhất. spars là một phần (0 - 1) của tổng số phần tử được
+chọn.</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty, dist_option = <span class="hljs-string">'sparseTopK'</span>, spars = spars)
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>Tất cả độ dốc có giá trị tuyệt đối lớn hơn ngưỡng spars đặt trước được lựa
+chọn.</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty, dist_option = <span class="hljs-string">'sparseThreshold'</span>, spars = spars)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Các hyper-parameter được cấu tạo khi tạo hàm <code>DistOpt</code> instance.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="thực-hiện"></a><a href="#thực-hiện" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Thực Hiện</h2>
+<p>Mục này chủ yếu dành cho các lập trình viên (developer) muốn biết lập trình
+trong distribute module được thực hiện như thế nào.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="giao-diện-c-cho-bộ-chuyển-mạch-communicator-nccl"></a><a href="#giao-diện-c-cho-bộ-chuyển-mạch-communicator-nccl" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Giao Diện C cho Bộ Chuyển Mạch (communicator) NCCL</h3>
+<p>Trước tiên, communication layer được lập trình bằng ngôn ngữ C
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/src/io/communicator.cc">communicator.cc</a>.
+Nó áp dụng NCCL library cho collective communication.</p>
+<p>Có hai hàm tạo nên communicator, một cho MPI và một cho đa phương thức
+(multiprocess).</p>
+<p>(i) Hàm tạo sử dụng MPI</p>
+<p>Hàm tạo bước đầu sẽ sử dụng global rank và world size, sau đó tính toán ra local
+rank. Tiếp theo, rank 0 sẽ tạo ra NCCL ID và phát nó lên mỗi rank. Sau đó, nó
+gọi hàm setup để khởi tạo NCCL communicator, cuda streams, và buffers.</p>
+<p>(ii) Hàm tạo sử dụng Python đa phương thức</p>
+<p>Hàm tạo bước đầu sẽ sử dụng rank, world size, và NCCL ID từ input argument. Sau
+đó, nó gọi hàm setup function để khởi tạo NCCL communicator, cuda streams, và
+buffers.</p>
+<p>Sau khi khởi động, nó thực hiện chức năng all-reduce để đồng bộ hoá các tham số
+model và độ dốc. Ví dụ, synch sử dụng một input tensor và tiến hành all-reduce
+qua đoạn chương trình NCCL. Sau khi gọi synch, cần gọi hàm wait để đợi hàm
+all-reduce operation kết thúc.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="giao-diện-python-của-distopt"></a><a href="#giao-diện-python-của-distopt" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Giao Diện Python của DistOpt</h3>
+<p>Sau đó, giao diện python sẽ tạo ra một
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/opt.py">DistOpt</a> class
+để gói một
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/opt.py">optimizer</a>
+object để thực hiện distributed training dựa trên MPI hoặc đa xử lý. Trong khi
+khởi động, nó tạo ra một NCCL communicator object (từ giao diện C đề cập ở mục
+nhỏ phía trên). Sau đó, communicator object này được sử dụng trong mỗi hàm
+all-reduce trong DistOpt.</p>
+<p>Trong MPI hoặc đa xử lý, mỗi chỉ lệnh có một rank, cho biết thông tin máy GPU
+nào qui trình này đang sử dụng. Dữ liệu training được chia nhỏ để mỗi chỉ lệnh
+có thể đánh giá sub-gradient dựa trên dữ liệu đã chia trước đó. Sau khi
+sub-gradient được tạo ra ở mỗi chỉ lệnh, độ dốc stochastic gradient tổng hợp sẽ
+được tạo ra bằng cách all-reduce các sub-gradients đánh giá bởi tất cả các chỉ
+lệnh.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/onnx"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>ONNX</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/time-profiling"><span>Time Profiling</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#sử-dụng">Sử Dụng</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#code-ví-dụ">Code Ví Dụ</a></li><li><a href="#hướng-dẫn-thực-hiện">Hướng Dẫn Thực Hiện</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tối-ưu-hoá-distributed-training">Tối Ưu Hoá Distributed Training</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#không-tối-ưu-hoá">Không Tối Ưu Hoá</a></li><li><a href="#half-precision-gradients">Half-precision Gradients</a></li><li><a href="#đồng-bộ-cục-bộ-partial-synchronization">Đồng Bộ Cục Bộ (Partial Synchronization)</a></li><li><a href="#phân-bổ-độ-dốc-gradient-sparsification">Phân Bổ Độ Dốc (Gradient Sparsification)</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#thực-hiện">Thực Hiện</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#giao-diện-c-cho-bộ-chuyển-mạch-communicator-nccl">Giao Diện C cho Bộ Chuyển Mạch (communicator) NCCL</a></li><li><a href="#giao-diện-python-của-distopt">Giao Diện Python của DistOpt</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>SINGA hỗ trợ data parallel training trên nhiều GPUs (trên một node hoặc nhiều
+node khác nhau). Sơ đồ sau mô phỏng data parallel training:</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/MPI.png" alt="MPI.png"></p>
+<p>Trong distributed training, mỗi chỉ lệnh (gọi là worker) chạy một training
+script trên một máy GPU. Mỗi chỉ lệnh (process) có một communication rank riêng.
+Dữ liệu để training được phân cho các worker và model thì được sao chép cho mỗi
+worker. Ở mỗi vòng, worker đọc một mini-batch dữ liệu (vd., 256 hình ảnh) từ
+phần được chia và chạy thuật toán BackPropagation để tính ra độ dốc (gradient)
+của weight, được lấy trung bình qua all-reduce (cung cấp bởi
+<a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/nccl">NCCL</a>) để cập nhật weight theo thuật toán
+stochastic gradient descent (SGD).</p>
+<p>Hàm all-reduce operation bởi NCCL có thể được sử dụng để giảm và đồng bộ hoá độ
+dốc từ các máy GPU các nhau. Xem thử training với 4 GPUs như dưới đây. Sau khi
+độ dốc (gradients) từ 4 GPUs được tính, all-reduce sẽ trả lại tổng độ dốc
+(gradient) cho các GPU và đưa tới mỗi GPU. Sau đó có thể dễ dàng tính ra độ dốc
+trung bình.</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/AllReduce.png" alt="AllReduce.png"></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sử-dụng"></a><a href="#sử-dụng" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sử Dụng</h2>
+<p>SINGA áp dụng một module gọi là <code>DistOpt</code> (là dạng con của <code>Opt</code>) cho
+distributed training. Nó gói lại normal SGD optimizer và gọi <code>Communicator</code> để
+động bộ hoá độ dốc. Ví dụ sau mô phỏng cách sử dụng <code>DistOpt</code> để training một
+CNN model với dữ liệu MNIST. Nguồn code có thể tìm
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/">tại đây</a>, và
+<a href="">Colab notebook</a>.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="code-ví-dụ"></a><a href="#code-ví-dụ" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Code Ví Dụ</h3>
+<ol>
+<li>Định nghĩa neural network model:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">CNN</span><span class="hljs-params">(model.Model)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, num_channels=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)</span>:</span>
+ super(CNN, self).__init__()
+ self.conv1 = layer.Conv2d(num_channels, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, activation=<span class="hljs-string">"RELU"</span>)
+ self.conv2 = layer.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">50</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, activation=<span class="hljs-string">"RELU"</span>)
+ self.linear1 = layer.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">500</span>)
+ self.linear2 = layer.Linear(num_classes)
+ self.pooling1 = layer.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.pooling2 = layer.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.relu = layer.ReLU()
+ self.flatten = layer.Flatten()
+ self.softmax_cross_entropy = layer.SoftMaxCrossEntropy()
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x)</span>:</span>
+ y = self.conv1(x)
+ y = self.pooling1(y)
+ y = self.conv2(y)
+ y = self.pooling2(y)
+ y = self.flatten(y)
+ y = self.linear1(y)
+ y = self.relu(y)
+ y = self.linear2(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, y, dist_option=<span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>, spars=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)</span>:</span>
+ out = self.forward(x)
+ loss = self.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># cho phép nhiều lựa chọn dùng trong distributed training</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Tham khảo mục "Optimizations về Distributed Training"</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>:
+ self.optimizer(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp16'</span>:
+ self.optimizer.backward_and_update_half(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'partialUpdate'</span>:
+ self.optimizer.backward_and_partial_update(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseTopK'</span>:
+ self.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>,
+ spars=spars)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">elif</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseThreshold'</span>:
+ self.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>,
+ spars=spars)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># tạo model</span>
+model = CNN()
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>Tạo <code>DistOpt</code> instance và đính nó vào model đã tạo:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>)
+sgd = opt.DistOpt(sgd)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu_on(sgd.local_rank)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Đây là giải thích cho các biến sử dụng trong code:</p>
+<p>(i) <code>dev</code></p>
+<p>dev dùng để chỉ <code>Device</code> instance, nơi tải dữ liệu và chạy CNN model.</p>
+<p>(ii)<code>local_rank</code></p>
+<p>Local rank chỉ số GPU mà chỉ lệnh (process) hiện tại đang sử dụng trên cùng một
+node. Ví dụ, nếu bạn đang sử dụng một node có 2 GPUs, <code>local_rank=0</code> nghĩa là
+chỉ lệnh này đang sử dụng máy GPU đầu tiên, trong khi <code>local_rank=1</code> nghĩa là
+đang sử dụng máy GPU thứ hai. Sử dụng MPI hay đa xử lý, bạn có thể chạy cùng một
+tập lệnh training chỉ khác giá trị của <code>local_rank</code>.</p>
+<p>(iii)<code>global_rank</code></p>
+<p>Rank trong global biểu thị global rank cho tất cả các chỉ lệnh (process) trong
+các nodes mà bạn đang sử dụng. Lấy ví dụ trường hợp bạn có 3 nodes và mỗi một
+node có hai GPUs, <code>global_rank=0</code> nghĩa là chỉ lệnh đang sử dụng máy GPU đầu
+tiên ở node đầu tiên, <code>global_rank=2</code> nghĩa là chỉ lệnh đang sử dụng máy GPU đầu
+tiên ở node thứ 2, và <code>global_rank=4</code> nghĩa là chỉ lệnh đang sử dụng máy GPU đầu
+tiên ở node thứ 3.</p>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>Tải và phân chia dữ liệu để training/validation</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">data_partition</span><span class="hljs-params">(dataset_x, dataset_y, global_rank, world_size)</span>:</span>
+ data_per_rank = dataset_x.shape[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] // world_size
+ idx_start = global_rank * data_per_rank
+ idx_end = (global_rank + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * data_per_rank
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dataset_x[idx_start:idx_end], dataset_y[idx_start:idx_end]
+
+train_x, train_y, test_x, test_y = load_dataset()
+train_x, train_y = data_partition(train_x, train_y,
+ sgd.global_rank, sgd.world_size)
+test_x, test_y = data_partition(test_x, test_y,
+ sgd.global_rank, sgd.world_size)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Một phần của bộ dữ liệu (dataset) được trả lại cho <code>dev</code>.</p>
+<p>Tại đây, <code>world_size</code> thể hiện tổng số chỉ lệnh trong tất cả các node mà bạn
+đang sử dụng cho distributed training.</p>
+<ol start="4">
+<li>Khởi tạo và đồng bộ các tham số của model cho tất cả workers:</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># Đồng bộ tham số ban đầu</span>
+tx = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, IMG_SIZE, IMG_SIZE), dev, tensor.float32)
+ty = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, num_classes), dev, tensor.int32)
+model.compile([tx], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, use_graph=graph, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+...
+<span class="hljs-comment"># Sử dụng cùng một random seed cho các ranks khác nhau</span>
+seed = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
+dev.SetRandSeed(seed)
+np.random.seed(seed)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="5">
+<li>Chạy BackPropagation và distributed SGD</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> epoch <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(max_epoch):
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_train_batch):
+ x = train_x[idx[b * batch_size: (b + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * batch_size]]
+ y = train_y[idx[b * batch_size: (b + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>) * batch_size]]
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(x)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(y)
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Train the model</span>
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="hướng-dẫn-thực-hiện"></a><a href="#hướng-dẫn-thực-hiện" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Hướng Dẫn Thực Hiện</h3>
+<p>Có hai cách để bắt đầu quá trình training: MPI hoặc Python đa xử lý.</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-đa-xử-lý"></a><a href="#python-đa-xử-lý" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python Đa Xử Lý</h4>
+<p>Chạy trên một node với nhiều GPUs, trong đó mỗi GPU là một worker.</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Đặt tất cả các training codes trong cùng một hàm (function)</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_mnist_cnn</span><span class="hljs-params">(nccl_id=None, local_rank=None, world_size=None)</span>:</span>
+ ...
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>Tạo <code>mnist_multiprocess.py</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="hljs-string">'__main__'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Generate a NCCL ID to be used for collective communication</span>
+ nccl_id = singa.NcclIdHolder()
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Define the number of GPUs to be used in the training process</span>
+ world_size = int(sys.argv[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>])
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Define and launch the multi-processing</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> multiprocessing
+ process = []
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> local_rank <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, world_size):
+ process.append(multiprocessing.Process(target=train_mnist_cnn,
+ args=(nccl_id, local_rank, world_size)))
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> p <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> process:
+ p.start()
+</code></pre>
+<p>Dưới đây là giải thích cho các biến tạo ở trên:</p>
+<p>(i) <code>nccl_id</code></p>
+<p>Lưu ý rằng chúng ta cần phải tạo một NCCL ID ở đây để sử dụng cho collective
+communication, sau đó gửi nó tới tất cả các chỉ lệnh. NCCL ID giống như là vé
+vào cửa, khi chỉ có chỉ lệnh với ID này có thể tham gia vào quá trình
+all-reduce. (Về sua nếu dùng MPI, thì việc sử dụng NCCL ID là không cần thiết,
+bởi vì ID được gửi đi bởi MPI trong code của chúng tôi một cách tự động)</p>
+<p>(ii) <code>world_size</code></p>
+<p>world_size là số lượng máy GPUs bạn muốn sử dụng cho training.</p>
+<p>(iii) <code>local_rank</code></p>
+<p>local_rank xác định local rank của distributed training và máy gpu được sử dụng
+trong chỉ lệnh. Trong code bên trên, for loop được sử dụng để chạy hàm train
+function, và local_rank chạy vòng từ 0 tới world_size. Trong trường hợp này, chỉ
+lệnh khác nhau có thể sử dụng máy GPUs khác nhau để training.</p>
+<p>Tham số để tạo <code>DistOpt</code> instance cần được cập nhật như sau:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">sgd = opt.DistOpt(sgd, nccl_id=nccl_id, local_rank=local_rank, world_size=world_size)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>Chạy <code>mnist_multiprocess.py</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh">python mnist_multiprocess.py 2
+</code></pre>
+<p>Kết qủa hiển thị tốc độ so với training trên một máy GPU.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">408.909790</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.880475</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.956430</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">1</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">102.396790</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.967415</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.977564</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">2</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">69.217010</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.977915</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.981370</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">3</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">54.248390</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.982823</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.984075</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">4</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">45.213406</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.985560</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.985276</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">5</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">38.868435</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987764</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.986278</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">6</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">34.078186</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.989149</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987881</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">7</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">30.138697</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.990451</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988181</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">8</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">26.854443</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.991520</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988682</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">9</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">24.039650</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.992405</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.989083</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="mpi"></a><a href="#mpi" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>MPI</h4>
+<p>Có thể dùng cho cả một node và nhiều node miễn là có nhiều máy GPUs.</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Tạo <code>mnist_dist.py</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="hljs-string">'__main__'</span>:
+ train_mnist_cnn()
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>Tạo một hostfile cho MPI, vd. hostfile dưới đây sử dụng 2 chỉ lệnh (vd., 2
+GPUs) trên một node</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-txt">localhost:<span class="hljs-number">2</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>Khởi động quá trình training qua <code>mpiexec</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh">mpiexec --hostfile host_file python mnist_dist.py
+</code></pre>
+<p>Kết qủa có thể hiển thị tốc độ so với training trên một máy GPU.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">383.969543</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.886402</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.954327</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">1</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">97.531479</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.969451</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.977163</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">2</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">67.166870</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.978516</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.980769</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">3</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">53.369656</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.983040</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.983974</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">4</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">45.100403</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.985777</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.986078</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">5</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">39.330826</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987447</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987179</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">6</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">34.655270</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988799</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.987780</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">7</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">30.749735</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.989984</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988281</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">8</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">27.422146</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.991319</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988582</span>
+Starting Epoch <span class="hljs-number">9</span>:
+Training loss = <span class="hljs-number">24.548153</span>, training accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.992171</span>
+Evaluation accuracy = <span class="hljs-number">0.988682</span>
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tối-ưu-hoá-distributed-training"></a><a href="#tối-ưu-hoá-distributed-training" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tối Ưu Hoá Distributed Training</h2>
+<p>SINGA cung cấp chiến lược đa tối ưu hoá cho distributed training để giảm
+communication cost. Tham khảo API của <code>DistOpt</code> cho cấu hình của mỗi cách.</p>
+<p>Khi sử dụng <code>model.Model</code> để tạo một model, cần phải đặt các lựa chọn cho
+distributed training trong phương pháp <code>train_one_batch</code>. Tham khảo code ví dụ
+trên đầu trang. Bạn có thể chỉ cần copy code cho các lựa chọn và sử dụng nó cho
+các model khác. Với các lựa chọn xác định, ta có thể đặt tham số<code>dist_option</code> và
+<code>spars</code> khi bắt đầu training với <code>model(tx, ty, dist_option, spars)</code></p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="không-tối-ưu-hoá"></a><a href="#không-tối-ưu-hoá" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Không Tối Ưu Hoá</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>loss</code> là output tensor từ hàm loss function, vd., cross-entropy cho
+classification tasks.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="half-precision-gradients"></a><a href="#half-precision-gradients" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Half-precision Gradients</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty, dist_option = <span class="hljs-string">'fp16'</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Chuyển đổi gía trị độ dốc sang hiển thị dạng 16-bit (vd., half-precision) trước
+khi gọi hàm all-reduce.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="đồng-bộ-cục-bộ-partial-synchronization"></a><a href="#đồng-bộ-cục-bộ-partial-synchronization" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Đồng Bộ Cục Bộ (Partial Synchronization)</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty, dist_option = <span class="hljs-string">'partialUpdate'</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Ở mỗi vòng lặp (iteration), mỗi rank thực hiện việc cập nhật sgd. Sau đó chỉ một
+nhóm tham số là được tính trung bình để đồng bộ hoá. Điều này giúp tiết kiệm
+communication cost. Độ lớn của nhóm này được xác định khi tạo hàm <code>DistOpt</code>
+instance.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="phân-bổ-độ-dốc-gradient-sparsification"></a><a href="#phân-bổ-độ-dốc-gradient-sparsification" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Phân Bổ Độ Dốc (Gradient Sparsification)</h3>
+<p>Kế hoạch phân bổ để chọn ra một nhóm nhỏ độ dốc nhằm thực hiện all-reduce. Có
+hai cách:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Chọn K phần tử lớn nhất. spars là một phần (0 - 1) của tổng số phần tử được
+chọn.</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty, dist_option = <span class="hljs-string">'sparseTopK'</span>, spars = spars)
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>Tất cả độ dốc có giá trị tuyệt đối lớn hơn ngưỡng spars đặt trước được lựa
+chọn.</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">out, loss = model(tx, ty, dist_option = <span class="hljs-string">'sparseThreshold'</span>, spars = spars)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Các hyper-parameter được cấu tạo khi tạo hàm <code>DistOpt</code> instance.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="thực-hiện"></a><a href="#thực-hiện" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Thực Hiện</h2>
+<p>Mục này chủ yếu dành cho các lập trình viên (developer) muốn biết lập trình
+trong distribute module được thực hiện như thế nào.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="giao-diện-c-cho-bộ-chuyển-mạch-communicator-nccl"></a><a href="#giao-diện-c-cho-bộ-chuyển-mạch-communicator-nccl" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Giao Diện C cho Bộ Chuyển Mạch (communicator) NCCL</h3>
+<p>Trước tiên, communication layer được lập trình bằng ngôn ngữ C
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/src/io/communicator.cc">communicator.cc</a>.
+Nó áp dụng NCCL library cho collective communication.</p>
+<p>Có hai hàm tạo nên communicator, một cho MPI và một cho đa phương thức
+(multiprocess).</p>
+<p>(i) Hàm tạo sử dụng MPI</p>
+<p>Hàm tạo bước đầu sẽ sử dụng global rank và world size, sau đó tính toán ra local
+rank. Tiếp theo, rank 0 sẽ tạo ra NCCL ID và phát nó lên mỗi rank. Sau đó, nó
+gọi hàm setup để khởi tạo NCCL communicator, cuda streams, và buffers.</p>
+<p>(ii) Hàm tạo sử dụng Python đa phương thức</p>
+<p>Hàm tạo bước đầu sẽ sử dụng rank, world size, và NCCL ID từ input argument. Sau
+đó, nó gọi hàm setup function để khởi tạo NCCL communicator, cuda streams, và
+buffers.</p>
+<p>Sau khi khởi động, nó thực hiện chức năng all-reduce để đồng bộ hoá các tham số
+model và độ dốc. Ví dụ, synch sử dụng một input tensor và tiến hành all-reduce
+qua đoạn chương trình NCCL. Sau khi gọi synch, cần gọi hàm wait để đợi hàm
+all-reduce operation kết thúc.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="giao-diện-python-của-distopt"></a><a href="#giao-diện-python-của-distopt" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Giao Diện Python của DistOpt</h3>
+<p>Sau đó, giao diện python sẽ tạo ra một
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/opt.py">DistOpt</a> class
+để gói một
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/opt.py">optimizer</a>
+object để thực hiện distributed training dựa trên MPI hoặc đa xử lý. Trong khi
+khởi động, nó tạo ra một NCCL communicator object (từ giao diện C đề cập ở mục
+nhỏ phía trên). Sau đó, communicator object này được sử dụng trong mỗi hàm
+all-reduce trong DistOpt.</p>
+<p>Trong MPI hoặc đa xử lý, mỗi chỉ lệnh có một rank, cho biết thông tin máy GPU
+nào qui trình này đang sử dụng. Dữ liệu training được chia nhỏ để mỗi chỉ lệnh
+có thể đánh giá sub-gradient dựa trên dữ liệu đã chia trước đó. Sau khi
+sub-gradient được tạo ra ở mỗi chỉ lệnh, độ dốc stochastic gradient tổng hợp sẽ
+được tạo ra bằng cách all-reduce các sub-gradients đánh giá bởi tất cả các chỉ
+lệnh.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/onnx"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>ONNX</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/time-profiling"><span>Time Profiling</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#sử-dụng">Sử Dụng</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#code-ví-dụ">Code Ví Dụ</a></li><li><a href="#hướng-dẫn-thực-hiện">Hướng Dẫn Thực Hiện</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tối-ưu-hoá-distributed-training">Tối Ưu Hoá Distributed Training</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#không-tối-ưu-hoá">Không Tối Ưu Hoá</a></li><li><a href="#half-precision-gradients">Half-precision Gradients</a></li><li><a href="#đồng-bộ-cục-bộ-partial-synchronization">Đồng Bộ Cục Bộ (Partial Synchronization)</a></li><li><a href="#phân-bổ-độ-dốc-gradient-sparsification">Phân Bổ Độ Dốc (Gradient Sparsification)</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#thực-hiện">Thực Hiện</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#giao-diện-c-cho-bộ-chuyển-mạch-communicator-nccl">Giao Diện C cho Bộ Chuyển Mạch (communicator) NCCL</a></li><li><a href="#giao-diện-python-của-distopt">Giao Diện Python của DistOpt</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Viet</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Development</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Getting Started</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/installation">Cài đặt</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/software-stack">Software Stack</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/examples">Ví Dụ</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Guides</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/device">Device</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/tensor">Tensor</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/autograd">Autograd</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/optimizer">Optimizer</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/graph">Model</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/onnx">ONNX</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/dist-train">Distributed Training</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/time-profiling">Time Profiling</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Development</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/downloads">Tải SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/build">Cài đặt SINGA từ Nguồn (Source)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/contribute-code">Tham gia viết code</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/contribute-docs">Tham gia chỉnh sửa Hướng Dẫn Sử Dụng</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/how-to-release">Chuẩn bị trước khi phát hành</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/git-workflow">Quy Trình Sử Dụng Git</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="kiểm-chứng"></a><a href="#kiểm-chứng" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Kiểm Chứng</h2>
+<p>Để kiểm chứng tập tin tar.gz đã tải, tải
+<a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/KEYS">KEYS</a> và tập tin ASC sau đó thực hiện
+các lệnh sau</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">%</span><span class="bash"> gpg --import KEYS</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">%</span><span class="bash"> gpg --verify downloaded_file.asc downloaded_file</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Bạn có thể kiểm tra giá trị của SHA512 hoặc MD5 để xem liệu việc tải về đã hoàn
+thành chưa.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="v310-30-tháng-10-năm-2020"></a><a href="#v310-30-tháng-10-năm-2020" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>V3.1.0 (30 tháng 10 năm 2020):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/singa/3.1.0/apache-singa-3.1.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 3.1.0</a>
+<a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/3.1.0/apache-singa-3.1.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/3.1.0/apache-singa-3.1.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0">Release Notes 3.1.0</a></li>
+<li>Thay đổi chung:
+<ul>
+<li>Cập nhật Tensor core:
+<ul>
+<li>Hỗ trợ tensor transformation (reshape, transpose) cho tensors có tới 6
+chiều (dimensions).</li>
+<li>Áp dụn traverse_unary_transform ở Cuda backend, tương tự như CPP backend
+one.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Thêm hàm tensor operators vào autograd module.</li>
+<li>Cải tạo lại sonnx để
+<ul>
+<li>Hỗ trợ việc tạo hàm operators từ cả layer và autograd.</li>
+<li>Viết lại SingaRep để SINGA representation mạnh và nhanh hơn.</li>
+<li>Thêm SONNXModel áp dụng từ Model để API và các tính năng đồng bộ với nhau.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Thay thế Travis CI với trình tự Github. Thêm quản lý chất lượng và độ bao
+phủ.</li>
+<li>Thêm Tập lệnh compiling và packaging nhằm tạo gói wheel packages cho
+distribution.</li>
+<li>Fix bugs
+<ul>
+<li>Hoàn thiện Tập lệnh training cho ví dụ về IMDB LSTM model.</li>
+<li>Ổn định lại hàm Tensor operation Mult khi sử dụng Broadcasting.</li>
+<li>Hàm Gaussian trong Tensor giờ có thể chạy trên Tensor với kích thước lẻ.</li>
+<li>Cập nhật hàm hỗ trợ chạy thử gradients() trong autograd để tìm tham số
+gradient qua tham số python object id khi chạy thử.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="v300-18-april-2020"></a><a href="#v300-18-april-2020" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>V3.0.0 (18 April 2020):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/singa/3.0.0/apache-singa-3.0.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 3.0.0</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/singa/3.0.0/apache-singa-3.0.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/singa/3.0.0/apache-singa-3.0.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0">Ghi Chú Phát Hành 3.0.0</a></li>
+<li>Các tính năng mới và thay đổi chính,
+<ul>
+<li>Nâng cấp ONNX. Thử nghiệm nhiều ONNX models trên SINGA.</li>
+<li>Thực hiện Distributed training với MPI và tối ưu hoá NCCL Communication qua
+phân bổ và nén độ dốc, và truyền tải phân khúc.</li>
+<li>Xây dựng và tối ưu hoá tốc độ và bộ nhớ sử dụng graph của Computational
+graph.</li>
+<li>Lập trang Tài Liệu sử dụng mới (singa.apache.org) và website tham khảo API
+(apache-singa.rtfd.io).</li>
+<li>CI cho việc kiểm tra chất lượng mã code.</li>
+<li>Thay thế MKLDNN bằng DNNL</li>
+<li>Cập nhật APIs cho tensor để hỗ trợ hàm broadcasting.</li>
+<li>Tạo autograd operators mới để hỗ trợ các ONNX models.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v200-20-tháng-4-năm-2019"></a><a href="#incubating-v200-20-tháng-4-năm-2019" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v2.0.0 (20 tháng 4 năm 2019):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/2.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-2.0.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 2.0.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/2.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-2.0.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/2.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-2.0.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html">Ghi Chú Phát Hành 2.0.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>Các tính năng mới và thay đổi chính,
+<ul>
+<li>Nâng cấp autograd (cho Convolution networks và recurrent networks)</li>
+<li>Hỗ trợ ONNX</li>
+<li>Cải thiện hàm CPP operations qua Intel MKL DNN lib</li>
+<li>Thực hiện tensor broadcasting</li>
+<li>Chuyển Docker images dưới tên sử dụng trong Apache</li>
+<li>Cập nhật các phiên bản dependent lib trong conda-build config</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v120-6-june-2018"></a><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.2.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 1.2.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.2.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.2.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html">Release Notes 1.2.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>Các tính năng mới và thay đổi chính,
+<ul>
+<li>Thực hiện autograd (đang hỗ trợ MLP model)</li>
+<li>Nâng cấp PySinga để hỗ trợ Python 3</li>
+<li>Cải thiện Tensor class với mục stride</li>
+<li>Nâng cấp cuDNN từ V5 sang V7</li>
+<li>Thêm VGG, Inception V4, ResNet, và DenseNet cho ImageNet classification</li>
+<li>Tạo alias cho gói conda packages</li>
+<li>Hoàn thiện Tài liệu sử dụng bằng tiếng Trung</li>
+<li>Thêm hướng dẫn chạy Singa trên Windows</li>
+<li>Cập nhật compilation, CI</li>
+<li>Sửa lỗi nếu có</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v110-12-february-2017"></a><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.1.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.1.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 1.1.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.1.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.1.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.1.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.1.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html">Release Notes 1.1.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>Các tính năng mới và thay đổi chính,
+<ul>
+<li>Tạo Docker images (phiên bản CPU và GPU)</li>
+<li>Tạo Amazon AMI cho SINGA (phiên bản CPU)</li>
+<li>Tích hợp với Jenkins để tự động tạo gói Wheel và Debian (cho cài đặt), và
+cập nhật website.</li>
+<li>Nâng cấp FeedFowardNet, vd., nhiều mode cho inputs và verbose để sửa lỗi</li>
+<li>Thêm Concat và Slice layers</li>
+<li>Mở rộng CrossEntropyLoss nhằm chấp nhật instance với nhiều labels</li>
+<li>Thêm image_tool.py với phương thức image augmentation</li>
+<li>Hỗ trợ tải và lưu model qua Snapshot API</li>
+<li>Compile SINGA source trên Windows</li>
+<li>Compile những dependent libraries bắt buộc cùng với SINGA code</li>
+<li>Kích hoạt Java binding (cơ bản) cho SINGA</li>
+<li>Thêm phiên bản ID trong kiểm soát tập tin</li>
+<li>Thêm gói sử dụng Rafiki cung cấp RESTFul APIs</li>
+<li>Thêm ví dụ pretrained từ Caffe, bao gồm GoogleNet</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v100-8-september-2016"></a><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.0.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 1.0.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.0.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.0.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html">Release Notes 1.0.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>Các tính năng mới và thay đổi chính,
+<ul>
+<li>Tạo Tensor nhằm hỗ trợ nhiều model khác nhau.</li>
+<li>Tạo Device để chạy trên các thiết bị phần cứng khác nhau, bao gồm CPU,
+(Nvidia/AMD) GPU và FPGA (sẽ thử nghiệm ở các phiên bản mới).</li>
+<li>Thay thế GNU autotool với cmake khi compilation.</li>
+<li>Hỗ trợ Mac OS</li>
+<li>Cải thiện Python binding, bao gồm cài đặt và lập trình.</li>
+<li>Tạo thêm nhiều deep learning models, bao gồm VGG và ResNet</li>
+<li>Thêm IO classes để đọc/viết tập tin và mã hoá/giải mã dữ liệu</li>
+<li>Các thành phần network communication mới trực tiếp từ Socket.</li>
+<li>Cudnn V5 với Dropout và RNN layers.</li>
+<li>Thay thế công cụ xây dựng website từ maven sang Sphinx</li>
+<li>Tích hợp Travis-CI</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v030-20-april-2016"></a><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.3.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.3.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 0.3.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.3.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.3.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.3.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.3.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html">Release Notes 0.3.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>Các tính năng mới và thay đổi chính,
+<ul>
+<li>Training trên nhóm máy GPU: cho phép training các deep learning models trên
+một nhóm máy GPU</li>
+<li>Cải thiện Python wrapper khiến cho job configuration trở nên dễ dàng, bao
+gồm neural net và thuật toán SGD.</li>
+<li>Thêm cập nhật SGD updaters mới, bao gồm Adam, AdaDelta và AdaMax.</li>
+<li>Cài đặt cần ít dependent libraries hơn cho mỗi node training.</li>
+<li>Đa dạng training với CPU và GPU.</li>
+<li>Hỗ trợ cuDNN V4.</li>
+<li>Tìm nạp trước dữ liệu.</li>
+<li>Sửa lỗi nếu có.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v020-14-january-2016"></a><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.2.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 0.2.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.2.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.2.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html">Release Notes 0.2.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>Các tính năng mới và thay đổi chính,
+<ul>
+<li>Training trên GPU cho phép training các models phức tạp trên một node với
+nhiều card GPU.</li>
+<li>Chia nhỏ Hybrid neural net hỗ trợ dữ liệu và model song song cùng lúc.</li>
+<li>Cải thiện Python wrapper khiến cho job configuration trở nên dễ dàng, bao
+gồm neural net và thuật toán SGD.</li>
+<li>Áp dụng RNN model và thuật toán BPTT để hỗ trợ các ứng dụng dựa trên RNN
+models, e.g., GRU.</li>
+<li>Tích hợp các phần mêm đám mây bao gồm Mesos, Docker và HDFS.</li>
+<li>Cung cấp hình ảnh cấu trúc neural net và thông tin layer, hỗ trợ việc sửa
+lỗi.</li>
+<li>Hàm Linear algebra và các hàm ngẫu nhiên không dùng Blobs và chỉ điểm dữ
+liệu thô.</li>
+<li>Tạo layers mới, bao gồm SoftmaxLayer, ArgSortLayer, DummyLayer, RNN layers
+và cuDNN layers.</li>
+<li>Cập nhật Layer class để chứa nhiều data/grad Blobs.</li>
+<li>Trích xuất các features và thử nghiệm hiệu quả cho dữ liệu mới bằng cách tải
+các tham số model đã được train từ trước.</li>
+<li>Thêm Store class cho hàm IO operations.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v010-8-october-2015"></a><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/apache-singa-incubating-0.1.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 0.1.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/apache-singa-incubating-0.1.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/apache-singa-incubating-0.1.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/v2/home?region=ap-southeast-1#LaunchInstanceWizard:ami=ami-b41001e6">Amazon EC2 image</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html">Release Notes 0.1.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>Các thay đổi chính gồm có,
+<ul>
+<li>Cài đặt sử dụng tiện ích GNU build</li>
+<li>Tập lệnh cho job management với zookeeper</li>
+<li>Lập trình model dựa trên NeuralNet và trích xuất Layer.</li>
+<li>Kết cấu hệ thống dựa trên Worker, Server và Stub.</li>
+<li>Training models từ ba model khác nhau, là feed-forward models, energy models
+và RNN models.</li>
+<li>Đồng bộ và không đồng bộ và không đồng bộ distributed training frameworks sử
+dụng CPU</li>
+<li>Điểm kiểm tra (Checkpoint) và khôi phục</li>
+<li>Kiểm tra đơn vị sử dụng gtest</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/time-profiling"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Time Profiling</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/build"><span>Build SINGA from Source</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#kiểm-chứng">Kiểm Chứng</a></li><li><a href="#v310-30-tháng-10-năm-2020">V3.1.0 (30 tháng 10 năm 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#v300-18-april-2020">V3.0.0 (18 April 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v200-20-tháng-4-năm-2019">Incubating v2.0.0 (20 tháng 4 năm 2019):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018">Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017">Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016">Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016">Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016">Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Tải SINGA · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Tải SINGA · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="kiểm-chứng"></a><a href="#kiểm-chứng" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Kiểm Chứng</h2>
+<p>Để kiểm chứng tập tin tar.gz đã tải, tải
+<a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/KEYS">KEYS</a> và tập tin ASC sau đó thực hiện
+các lệnh sau</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">%</span><span class="bash"> gpg --import KEYS</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">%</span><span class="bash"> gpg --verify downloaded_file.asc downloaded_file</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Bạn có thể kiểm tra giá trị của SHA512 hoặc MD5 để xem liệu việc tải về đã hoàn
+thành chưa.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="v310-30-tháng-10-năm-2020"></a><a href="#v310-30-tháng-10-năm-2020" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>V3.1.0 (30 tháng 10 năm 2020):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/singa/3.1.0/apache-singa-3.1.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 3.1.0</a>
+<a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/3.1.0/apache-singa-3.1.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/3.1.0/apache-singa-3.1.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0">Release Notes 3.1.0</a></li>
+<li>Thay đổi chung:
+<ul>
+<li>Cập nhật Tensor core:
+<ul>
+<li>Hỗ trợ tensor transformation (reshape, transpose) cho tensors có tới 6
+chiều (dimensions).</li>
+<li>Áp dụn traverse_unary_transform ở Cuda backend, tương tự như CPP backend
+one.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Thêm hàm tensor operators vào autograd module.</li>
+<li>Cải tạo lại sonnx để
+<ul>
+<li>Hỗ trợ việc tạo hàm operators từ cả layer và autograd.</li>
+<li>Viết lại SingaRep để SINGA representation mạnh và nhanh hơn.</li>
+<li>Thêm SONNXModel áp dụng từ Model để API và các tính năng đồng bộ với nhau.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>Thay thế Travis CI với trình tự Github. Thêm quản lý chất lượng và độ bao
+phủ.</li>
+<li>Thêm Tập lệnh compiling và packaging nhằm tạo gói wheel packages cho
+distribution.</li>
+<li>Fix bugs
+<ul>
+<li>Hoàn thiện Tập lệnh training cho ví dụ về IMDB LSTM model.</li>
+<li>Ổn định lại hàm Tensor operation Mult khi sử dụng Broadcasting.</li>
+<li>Hàm Gaussian trong Tensor giờ có thể chạy trên Tensor với kích thước lẻ.</li>
+<li>Cập nhật hàm hỗ trợ chạy thử gradients() trong autograd để tìm tham số
+gradient qua tham số python object id khi chạy thử.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="v300-18-april-2020"></a><a href="#v300-18-april-2020" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>V3.0.0 (18 April 2020):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/singa/3.0.0/apache-singa-3.0.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 3.0.0</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/singa/3.0.0/apache-singa-3.0.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/singa/3.0.0/apache-singa-3.0.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0">Ghi Chú Phát Hành 3.0.0</a></li>
+<li>Các tính năng mới và thay đổi chính,
+<ul>
+<li>Nâng cấp ONNX. Thử nghiệm nhiều ONNX models trên SINGA.</li>
+<li>Thực hiện Distributed training với MPI và tối ưu hoá NCCL Communication qua
+phân bổ và nén độ dốc, và truyền tải phân khúc.</li>
+<li>Xây dựng và tối ưu hoá tốc độ và bộ nhớ sử dụng graph của Computational
+graph.</li>
+<li>Lập trang Tài Liệu sử dụng mới (singa.apache.org) và website tham khảo API
+(apache-singa.rtfd.io).</li>
+<li>CI cho việc kiểm tra chất lượng mã code.</li>
+<li>Thay thế MKLDNN bằng DNNL</li>
+<li>Cập nhật APIs cho tensor để hỗ trợ hàm broadcasting.</li>
+<li>Tạo autograd operators mới để hỗ trợ các ONNX models.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v200-20-tháng-4-năm-2019"></a><a href="#incubating-v200-20-tháng-4-năm-2019" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v2.0.0 (20 tháng 4 năm 2019):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/2.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-2.0.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 2.0.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/2.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-2.0.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/2.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-2.0.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html">Ghi Chú Phát Hành 2.0.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>Các tính năng mới và thay đổi chính,
+<ul>
+<li>Nâng cấp autograd (cho Convolution networks và recurrent networks)</li>
+<li>Hỗ trợ ONNX</li>
+<li>Cải thiện hàm CPP operations qua Intel MKL DNN lib</li>
+<li>Thực hiện tensor broadcasting</li>
+<li>Chuyển Docker images dưới tên sử dụng trong Apache</li>
+<li>Cập nhật các phiên bản dependent lib trong conda-build config</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v120-6-june-2018"></a><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.2.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 1.2.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.2.0.tar.gz.sha512">[SHA512]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.2.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html">Release Notes 1.2.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>Các tính năng mới và thay đổi chính,
+<ul>
+<li>Thực hiện autograd (đang hỗ trợ MLP model)</li>
+<li>Nâng cấp PySinga để hỗ trợ Python 3</li>
+<li>Cải thiện Tensor class với mục stride</li>
+<li>Nâng cấp cuDNN từ V5 sang V7</li>
+<li>Thêm VGG, Inception V4, ResNet, và DenseNet cho ImageNet classification</li>
+<li>Tạo alias cho gói conda packages</li>
+<li>Hoàn thiện Tài liệu sử dụng bằng tiếng Trung</li>
+<li>Thêm hướng dẫn chạy Singa trên Windows</li>
+<li>Cập nhật compilation, CI</li>
+<li>Sửa lỗi nếu có</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v110-12-february-2017"></a><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.1.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.1.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 1.1.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.1.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.1.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.1.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.1.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html">Release Notes 1.1.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>Các tính năng mới và thay đổi chính,
+<ul>
+<li>Tạo Docker images (phiên bản CPU và GPU)</li>
+<li>Tạo Amazon AMI cho SINGA (phiên bản CPU)</li>
+<li>Tích hợp với Jenkins để tự động tạo gói Wheel và Debian (cho cài đặt), và
+cập nhật website.</li>
+<li>Nâng cấp FeedFowardNet, vd., nhiều mode cho inputs và verbose để sửa lỗi</li>
+<li>Thêm Concat và Slice layers</li>
+<li>Mở rộng CrossEntropyLoss nhằm chấp nhật instance với nhiều labels</li>
+<li>Thêm image_tool.py với phương thức image augmentation</li>
+<li>Hỗ trợ tải và lưu model qua Snapshot API</li>
+<li>Compile SINGA source trên Windows</li>
+<li>Compile những dependent libraries bắt buộc cùng với SINGA code</li>
+<li>Kích hoạt Java binding (cơ bản) cho SINGA</li>
+<li>Thêm phiên bản ID trong kiểm soát tập tin</li>
+<li>Thêm gói sử dụng Rafiki cung cấp RESTFul APIs</li>
+<li>Thêm ví dụ pretrained từ Caffe, bao gồm GoogleNet</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v100-8-september-2016"></a><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.0.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 1.0.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.0.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/1.0.0/apache-singa-incubating-1.0.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html">Release Notes 1.0.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>Các tính năng mới và thay đổi chính,
+<ul>
+<li>Tạo Tensor nhằm hỗ trợ nhiều model khác nhau.</li>
+<li>Tạo Device để chạy trên các thiết bị phần cứng khác nhau, bao gồm CPU,
+(Nvidia/AMD) GPU và FPGA (sẽ thử nghiệm ở các phiên bản mới).</li>
+<li>Thay thế GNU autotool với cmake khi compilation.</li>
+<li>Hỗ trợ Mac OS</li>
+<li>Cải thiện Python binding, bao gồm cài đặt và lập trình.</li>
+<li>Tạo thêm nhiều deep learning models, bao gồm VGG và ResNet</li>
+<li>Thêm IO classes để đọc/viết tập tin và mã hoá/giải mã dữ liệu</li>
+<li>Các thành phần network communication mới trực tiếp từ Socket.</li>
+<li>Cudnn V5 với Dropout và RNN layers.</li>
+<li>Thay thế công cụ xây dựng website từ maven sang Sphinx</li>
+<li>Tích hợp Travis-CI</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v030-20-april-2016"></a><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.3.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.3.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 0.3.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.3.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.3.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.3.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.3.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html">Release Notes 0.3.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>Các tính năng mới và thay đổi chính,
+<ul>
+<li>Training trên nhóm máy GPU: cho phép training các deep learning models trên
+một nhóm máy GPU</li>
+<li>Cải thiện Python wrapper khiến cho job configuration trở nên dễ dàng, bao
+gồm neural net và thuật toán SGD.</li>
+<li>Thêm cập nhật SGD updaters mới, bao gồm Adam, AdaDelta và AdaMax.</li>
+<li>Cài đặt cần ít dependent libraries hơn cho mỗi node training.</li>
+<li>Đa dạng training với CPU và GPU.</li>
+<li>Hỗ trợ cuDNN V4.</li>
+<li>Tìm nạp trước dữ liệu.</li>
+<li>Sửa lỗi nếu có.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v020-14-january-2016"></a><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.2.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 0.2.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.2.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/0.2.0/apache-singa-incubating-0.2.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html">Release Notes 0.2.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>Các tính năng mới và thay đổi chính,
+<ul>
+<li>Training trên GPU cho phép training các models phức tạp trên một node với
+nhiều card GPU.</li>
+<li>Chia nhỏ Hybrid neural net hỗ trợ dữ liệu và model song song cùng lúc.</li>
+<li>Cải thiện Python wrapper khiến cho job configuration trở nên dễ dàng, bao
+gồm neural net và thuật toán SGD.</li>
+<li>Áp dụng RNN model và thuật toán BPTT để hỗ trợ các ứng dụng dựa trên RNN
+models, e.g., GRU.</li>
+<li>Tích hợp các phần mêm đám mây bao gồm Mesos, Docker và HDFS.</li>
+<li>Cung cấp hình ảnh cấu trúc neural net và thông tin layer, hỗ trợ việc sửa
+lỗi.</li>
+<li>Hàm Linear algebra và các hàm ngẫu nhiên không dùng Blobs và chỉ điểm dữ
+liệu thô.</li>
+<li>Tạo layers mới, bao gồm SoftmaxLayer, ArgSortLayer, DummyLayer, RNN layers
+và cuDNN layers.</li>
+<li>Cập nhật Layer class để chứa nhiều data/grad Blobs.</li>
+<li>Trích xuất các features và thử nghiệm hiệu quả cho dữ liệu mới bằng cách tải
+các tham số model đã được train từ trước.</li>
+<li>Thêm Store class cho hàm IO operations.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="incubating-v010-8-october-2015"></a><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/apache-singa-incubating-0.1.0.tar.gz">Apache SINGA 0.1.0 (incubating)</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/apache-singa-incubating-0.1.0.tar.gz.md5">[MD5]</a>
+<a href="https://archive.apache.org/dist/incubator/singa/apache-singa-incubating-0.1.0.tar.gz.asc">[ASC]</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/v2/home?region=ap-southeast-1#LaunchInstanceWizard:ami=ami-b41001e6">Amazon EC2 image</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html">Release Notes 0.1.0 (incubating)</a></li>
+<li>Các thay đổi chính gồm có,
+<ul>
+<li>Cài đặt sử dụng tiện ích GNU build</li>
+<li>Tập lệnh cho job management với zookeeper</li>
+<li>Lập trình model dựa trên NeuralNet và trích xuất Layer.</li>
+<li>Kết cấu hệ thống dựa trên Worker, Server và Stub.</li>
+<li>Training models từ ba model khác nhau, là feed-forward models, energy models
+và RNN models.</li>
+<li>Đồng bộ và không đồng bộ và không đồng bộ distributed training frameworks sử
+dụng CPU</li>
+<li>Điểm kiểm tra (Checkpoint) và khôi phục</li>
+<li>Kiểm tra đơn vị sử dụng gtest</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/time-profiling"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Time Profiling</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/build"><span>Build SINGA from Source</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#kiểm-chứng">Kiểm Chứng</a></li><li><a href="#v310-30-tháng-10-năm-2020">V3.1.0 (30 tháng 10 năm 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#v300-18-april-2020">V3.0.0 (18 April 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v200-20-tháng-4-năm-2019">Incubating v2.0.0 (20 tháng 4 năm 2019):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018">Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017">Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016">Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016">Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016">Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Ví Dụ · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Ví Dụ · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/examples.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Ví Dụ</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>Phần này đưa ra một vài ví dụ về việc thực hiện deep learning sử dụng SINGA. Mã
+nguồn (source code) được cung cấp trong SINGA repo trên
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/tree/master/examples">Github</a>. Có thể tham khảo
+các ví dụ sử dụng SINGA Python APIs trên CPU hoặc một GPU trên
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/">Google Colab</a>. Bạn có thể trực tiếp chạy
+thử trên Google Cloud mà không cần tạo local environment. Đường dẫn tới mỗi ví
+dụ được cung cấp dưới đây.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="image-classification"></a><a href="#image-classification" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Image Classification</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Đường dẫn</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>CNN cơ bản</td><td>MNIST, CIFAR10, CIFAR100</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1fbGUs1AsoX6bU5F745RwQpohP4bHTktq">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>AlexNet</td><td>ImageNet</td><td><a href="">Cpp</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>VGG</td><td>ImageNet</td><td><a href="">Cpp</a>, <a href="">Python</a>, <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/14kxgRKtbjPCKKsDJVNi3AvTev81Gp_Ds">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>XceptionNet</td><td>MNIST, CIFAR10, CIFAR100</td><td><a href="">Python</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>ResNet</td><td>MNIST, CIFAR10, CIFAR100, CIFAR10</td><td><a href="">Python</a>, <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1u1RYefSsVbiP4I-5wiBKHjsT9L0FxLm9">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>MobileNet</td><td>ImageNet</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1HsixqJMIpKyEPhkbB8jy7NwNEFEAUWAf">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="object-detection"></a><a href="#object-detection" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Object Detection</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Đường dẫn</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Tiny YOLOv2</td><td>Pascal VOC</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/11V4I6cRjIJNUv5ZGsEGwqHuoQEie6b1T">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="nhận-diện-khuôn-mặt-và-cảm-xúc"></a><a href="#nhận-diện-khuôn-mặt-và-cảm-xúc" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Nhận diện Khuôn mặt và Cảm xúc</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Đường dẫn</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>ArcFace</td><td>Refined MS-Celeb-1M</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1qanaqUKGIDtifdzEzJOHjEj4kYzA9uJC">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Emotion FerPlus</td><td><a href="https://www.kaggle.com/c/challenges-in-representation-learning-facial-expression-recognition-challenge/data">Facial Expression Recognition Challenge</a></td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1XHtBQGRhe58PDi4LGYJzYueWBeWbO23r">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="image-generation"></a><a href="#image-generation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Image Generation</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Đường dẫn</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>GAN</td><td>MNIST</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1f86MNDW47DJqHoIqWD1tOxcyx2MWys8L">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>LSGAN</td><td>MNIST</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1C6jNRf28vnFOI9JVM4lpkJPqxsnhxdol">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="machine-comprehension"></a><a href="#machine-comprehension" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Machine Comprehension</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Đường dẫn</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Bert-Squad</td><td><a href="https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/explore/1.1/dev/">SQuAD v1.1</a></td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1kud-lUPjS_u-TkDAzihBTw0Vqr0FjCE-">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="text-classification"></a><a href="#text-classification" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Text Classification</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Đường dẫn</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Simple LSTM</td><td>IMDB</td><td><a href="">python</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="text-ranking"></a><a href="#text-ranking" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Text Ranking</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Đường dẫn</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>BiLSTM</td><td>InsuranceQA</td><td><a href="">python</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="misc"></a><a href="#misc" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Misc.</h2>
+<ul>
+<li>Restricted Boltzmann Machine sử dụng dữ liệu MNIST, <a href="">nguồn</a>,
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19996noGu9JyHHkVmp4edBGu7PJSRQKsd">Colab</a>.</li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#nhận-diện-khuôn-mặt-và-cảm-xúc">Nhận diện Khuôn mặt và Cảm xúc</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#text-classification">Text Classification</a></li><li><a href="#text-ranking">Text Ranking</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
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+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Ví Dụ · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Ví Dụ · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<p>Phần này đưa ra một vài ví dụ về việc thực hiện deep learning sử dụng SINGA. Mã
+nguồn (source code) được cung cấp trong SINGA repo trên
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/tree/master/examples">Github</a>. Có thể tham khảo
+các ví dụ sử dụng SINGA Python APIs trên CPU hoặc một GPU trên
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/">Google Colab</a>. Bạn có thể trực tiếp chạy
+thử trên Google Cloud mà không cần tạo local environment. Đường dẫn tới mỗi ví
+dụ được cung cấp dưới đây.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="image-classification"></a><a href="#image-classification" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Image Classification</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Đường dẫn</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>CNN cơ bản</td><td>MNIST, CIFAR10, CIFAR100</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1fbGUs1AsoX6bU5F745RwQpohP4bHTktq">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>AlexNet</td><td>ImageNet</td><td><a href="">Cpp</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>VGG</td><td>ImageNet</td><td><a href="">Cpp</a>, <a href="">Python</a>, <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/14kxgRKtbjPCKKsDJVNi3AvTev81Gp_Ds">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>XceptionNet</td><td>MNIST, CIFAR10, CIFAR100</td><td><a href="">Python</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>ResNet</td><td>MNIST, CIFAR10, CIFAR100, CIFAR10</td><td><a href="">Python</a>, <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1u1RYefSsVbiP4I-5wiBKHjsT9L0FxLm9">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>MobileNet</td><td>ImageNet</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1HsixqJMIpKyEPhkbB8jy7NwNEFEAUWAf">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="object-detection"></a><a href="#object-detection" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Object Detection</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Đường dẫn</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Tiny YOLOv2</td><td>Pascal VOC</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/11V4I6cRjIJNUv5ZGsEGwqHuoQEie6b1T">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="nhận-diện-khuôn-mặt-và-cảm-xúc"></a><a href="#nhận-diện-khuôn-mặt-và-cảm-xúc" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Nhận diện Khuôn mặt và Cảm xúc</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Đường dẫn</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>ArcFace</td><td>Refined MS-Celeb-1M</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1qanaqUKGIDtifdzEzJOHjEj4kYzA9uJC">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Emotion FerPlus</td><td><a href="https://www.kaggle.com/c/challenges-in-representation-learning-facial-expression-recognition-challenge/data">Facial Expression Recognition Challenge</a></td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1XHtBQGRhe58PDi4LGYJzYueWBeWbO23r">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="image-generation"></a><a href="#image-generation" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Image Generation</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Đường dẫn</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>GAN</td><td>MNIST</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1f86MNDW47DJqHoIqWD1tOxcyx2MWys8L">Colab</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>LSGAN</td><td>MNIST</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1C6jNRf28vnFOI9JVM4lpkJPqxsnhxdol">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="machine-comprehension"></a><a href="#machine-comprehension" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Machine Comprehension</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Đường dẫn</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Bert-Squad</td><td><a href="https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/explore/1.1/dev/">SQuAD v1.1</a></td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1kud-lUPjS_u-TkDAzihBTw0Vqr0FjCE-">Colab</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="text-classification"></a><a href="#text-classification" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Text Classification</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Đường dẫn</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Simple LSTM</td><td>IMDB</td><td><a href="">python</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="text-ranking"></a><a href="#text-ranking" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Text Ranking</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model</th><th>Dataset</th><th>Đường dẫn</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>BiLSTM</td><td>InsuranceQA</td><td><a href="">python</a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="misc"></a><a href="#misc" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Misc.</h2>
+<ul>
+<li>Restricted Boltzmann Machine sử dụng dữ liệu MNIST, <a href="">nguồn</a>,
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19996noGu9JyHHkVmp4edBGu7PJSRQKsd">Colab</a>.</li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#nhận-diện-khuôn-mặt-và-cảm-xúc">Nhận diện Khuôn mặt và Cảm xúc</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#text-classification">Text Classification</a></li><li><a href="#text-ranking">Text Ranking</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="dành-cho-lập-trình-viên"></a><a href="#dành-cho-lập-trình-viên" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Dành cho Lập Trình Viên</h2>
+<ol>
+<li><p>Fork <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">SINGA Github repository</a> về tài khoản
+Github của bạn.</p></li>
+<li><p>Clone <strong>repo</strong> (viết tắt của repository) từ tài khoản Github của bạn</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git clone https://github.com/<Github account>/singa.git
+git remote add upstream https://github.com/apache/singa.git
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Tạo branch mới (vd., <code>feature-foo</code> hoặc <code>fixbug-foo</code>), chỉnh sửa và commit
+code của bạn ở đây .</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git checkout dev
+git checkout -b feature-foo
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> write your code</span>
+git add <created/updated files>
+git commit
+</code></pre>
+<p>Nội dung lệnh commit nên bao gồm:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Tiêu đề (Title) mô tả.</li>
+<li>Mô tả chi tiết. Nếu lệnh commit là sửa lỗi (bugs), tốt nhất là nên bao gồm
+việc mô tả ngắn gọn lại vấn đề. Nếu thêm tính năng mới, có thể bao gồm động
+cơ thúc đẩy/mục đích của tính năng mới này.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Nếu branch của bạn có nhiều commits nhỏ, bạn cần súc tích lại các commits
+bằng cách</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git rebase -i <commit id>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Bạn có thể
+<a href="https://help.github.com/en/articles/about-git-rebase">squash và reword</a> các
+commits.</p></li>
+<li><p>Khi bạn đang xử lý các mã code, branch <code>dev</code> của SINGA có thể đang được cập
+nhật bởi người khác; Trong trường hợp này, bạn cần pull dev mới nhất</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git checkout dev
+git pull upstream dev:dev
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p><a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">Rebase</a> <code>feature-foo</code>
+vào branch <code>dev</code> và push commits vào tài khoản Github của bạn ( branch mới).
+Lệnh rebase nhằm giúp cho lịch sử commit của bạn rõ ràng. Các lệnh git dưới
+đây nên được thực hiện sau khi bạn commit các việc làm của mình:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git checkout feature-foo
+git rebase dev
+git push origin feature-foo:feature-foo
+</code></pre>
+<p>Lệnh rebase thực hiện các
+<a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">bước sau</a>: "Lệnh này
+thực hiện bắt đầu từ hình thái ban đầu của hai branches (mà bạn đang sử dụng
+hoặc bạn đang rebase vào), xác định sự khác nhau ở mỗi commit của branch bạn
+đang sử dụng, lưu các điểm khác nhau vào tập tin tạm thời, điều chỉnh branch
+hiện tại để có cùng commit với branch mà bạn đang rebase vào, rồi cuối cùng
+áp dụng từng thay đổi một theo thứ tự." Bởi vậy, sau khi thực hiện, bạn sẽ
+vẫn ở feature branch, nhưng commit IDs/hashes của bạn được thay đổi do các
+điểm khác nhau đã được commit trong quá trình rebase; và branch của bạn giờ
+đây chứa bản code cập nhật nhất từ branch dev và branch của bạn.</p></li>
+<li><p>Tạo một pull request (PR) vào branch dev của apache/singa trên website
+Github. Nếu bạn muốn thông báo cho các thành viên khác đang làm việc trên
+cùng một tập tin, bạn có thể tìm tập tin đó trên Github và nhấn vào "Blame"
+để xem chú thích từng dòng một ai đã thay đổi code lần cuối cùng. Sau đó, bạn
+có thể thêm @username trong mục mô tả PR để nhắc họ. Hãy nói rõ rằng những
+đóng góp này là công sức của bạn và rằng bạn cấp bản quyền công sức này cho
+dự án theo dạng bản quyền dự án mở. Những commits khác (vd., sửa lỗi) vào
+branch mới này sẽ được tự động cập nhật vào pull request của bạn bởi Github.</p></li>
+<li><p>Đợi thành viên xét duyệt PR. Trong quá trình này, dev branch của SINGA có thể
+được những người khác cập nhật, do vậy bạn cần phải
+<a href="https://docs.fast.ai/dev/git.html#how-to-keep-your-feature-branch-up-to-date">merge the latest dev</a>
+để xử lý các conflicts. Một số người
+<a href="https://github.com/edx/edx-platform/wiki/How-to-Rebase-a-Pull-Request">rebase PR vào branch dev mới nhất</a>
+thay vì merging. Tuy nhiên, nếu các thành viên khác fetch PR này để thêm các
+tính năng mới rồi gửi PR, việc rebase sẽ gây ra <strong>duplicate commits</strong> (với
+hash khác) ở PR mới. Xem
+<a href="https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/merging-vs-rebasing">Nguyên tắc vàng để Rebasing</a>
+để biết thêm chi tiết khi nào cần tránh rebase. Một giải pháp đơn giản để cập
+nhật PR (nhằm xử lý conflicts hay lỗi commit) là checkout một branch mới từ
+branch dev cập nhật nhất của Apache SINGAS repo; copy và paste các mã code
+được cập nhật/thêm vào; commit và gửi một PR mới.</p></li>
+</ol>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="dành-cho-commiters"></a><a href="#dành-cho-commiters" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Dành cho commiters</h2>
+<p>Commiters có thể merge pull requests (PRs) vào dev branch của repo upstream.
+Trước khi merge mỗi PR, committer nên</p>
+<ul>
+<li>kiểm tra thông điệp commit (nội dung và định dạng)</li>
+<li>kiểm tra những thay đổi so với code hiện tại. Thay đổi về API nên được ghi
+lại.</li>
+<li>kiểm tra kết quả Travis testing cho định dạng mã code/tài liệu và unit tests</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Có hai cách để merge một pull request:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Trên Github. Làm theo <a href="https://gitbox.apache.org/setup/">hướng dẫn</a> để kết nối
+tài khoản Apache với tài khoản Github của bạn. Sau đó bạn có thể trực tiếp
+merge PRs trên GitHub.</p></li>
+<li><p>Để merge pull request <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/pull/xxx">https://github.com/apache/singa/pull/xxx</a> qua command
+line, thực hiện theo hướng dẫn sau:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
+git remote add asf https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/singa.git
+git fetch origin pull/xxx/head:prxxx
+git checkout dev
+git merge --no-ff prxxx
+git push asf dev:dev
+</code></pre>
+<p>Không sử dụng rebase để merge PR; và vô hiệu hoá fast forward.</p></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#dành-cho-lập-trình-viên">Dành cho Lập Trình Viên</a></li><li><a href="#dành-cho-commiters">Dành cho commiters</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Quy Trình Sử Dụng Git · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Quy Trình Sử Dụng Git · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="dành-cho-lập-trình-viên"></a><a href="#dành-cho-lập-trình-viên" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Dành cho Lập Trình Viên</h2>
+<ol>
+<li><p>Fork <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">SINGA Github repository</a> về tài khoản
+Github của bạn.</p></li>
+<li><p>Clone <strong>repo</strong> (viết tắt của repository) từ tài khoản Github của bạn</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git clone https://github.com/<Github account>/singa.git
+git remote add upstream https://github.com/apache/singa.git
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Tạo branch mới (vd., <code>feature-foo</code> hoặc <code>fixbug-foo</code>), chỉnh sửa và commit
+code của bạn ở đây .</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git checkout dev
+git checkout -b feature-foo
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> write your code</span>
+git add <created/updated files>
+git commit
+</code></pre>
+<p>Nội dung lệnh commit nên bao gồm:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Tiêu đề (Title) mô tả.</li>
+<li>Mô tả chi tiết. Nếu lệnh commit là sửa lỗi (bugs), tốt nhất là nên bao gồm
+việc mô tả ngắn gọn lại vấn đề. Nếu thêm tính năng mới, có thể bao gồm động
+cơ thúc đẩy/mục đích của tính năng mới này.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Nếu branch của bạn có nhiều commits nhỏ, bạn cần súc tích lại các commits
+bằng cách</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git rebase -i <commit id>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Bạn có thể
+<a href="https://help.github.com/en/articles/about-git-rebase">squash và reword</a> các
+commits.</p></li>
+<li><p>Khi bạn đang xử lý các mã code, branch <code>dev</code> của SINGA có thể đang được cập
+nhật bởi người khác; Trong trường hợp này, bạn cần pull dev mới nhất</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git checkout dev
+git pull upstream dev:dev
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p><a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">Rebase</a> <code>feature-foo</code>
+vào branch <code>dev</code> và push commits vào tài khoản Github của bạn ( branch mới).
+Lệnh rebase nhằm giúp cho lịch sử commit của bạn rõ ràng. Các lệnh git dưới
+đây nên được thực hiện sau khi bạn commit các việc làm của mình:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git checkout feature-foo
+git rebase dev
+git push origin feature-foo:feature-foo
+</code></pre>
+<p>Lệnh rebase thực hiện các
+<a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Branching-Rebasing">bước sau</a>: "Lệnh này
+thực hiện bắt đầu từ hình thái ban đầu của hai branches (mà bạn đang sử dụng
+hoặc bạn đang rebase vào), xác định sự khác nhau ở mỗi commit của branch bạn
+đang sử dụng, lưu các điểm khác nhau vào tập tin tạm thời, điều chỉnh branch
+hiện tại để có cùng commit với branch mà bạn đang rebase vào, rồi cuối cùng
+áp dụng từng thay đổi một theo thứ tự." Bởi vậy, sau khi thực hiện, bạn sẽ
+vẫn ở feature branch, nhưng commit IDs/hashes của bạn được thay đổi do các
+điểm khác nhau đã được commit trong quá trình rebase; và branch của bạn giờ
+đây chứa bản code cập nhật nhất từ branch dev và branch của bạn.</p></li>
+<li><p>Tạo một pull request (PR) vào branch dev của apache/singa trên website
+Github. Nếu bạn muốn thông báo cho các thành viên khác đang làm việc trên
+cùng một tập tin, bạn có thể tìm tập tin đó trên Github và nhấn vào "Blame"
+để xem chú thích từng dòng một ai đã thay đổi code lần cuối cùng. Sau đó, bạn
+có thể thêm @username trong mục mô tả PR để nhắc họ. Hãy nói rõ rằng những
+đóng góp này là công sức của bạn và rằng bạn cấp bản quyền công sức này cho
+dự án theo dạng bản quyền dự án mở. Những commits khác (vd., sửa lỗi) vào
+branch mới này sẽ được tự động cập nhật vào pull request của bạn bởi Github.</p></li>
+<li><p>Đợi thành viên xét duyệt PR. Trong quá trình này, dev branch của SINGA có thể
+được những người khác cập nhật, do vậy bạn cần phải
+<a href="https://docs.fast.ai/dev/git.html#how-to-keep-your-feature-branch-up-to-date">merge the latest dev</a>
+để xử lý các conflicts. Một số người
+<a href="https://github.com/edx/edx-platform/wiki/How-to-Rebase-a-Pull-Request">rebase PR vào branch dev mới nhất</a>
+thay vì merging. Tuy nhiên, nếu các thành viên khác fetch PR này để thêm các
+tính năng mới rồi gửi PR, việc rebase sẽ gây ra <strong>duplicate commits</strong> (với
+hash khác) ở PR mới. Xem
+<a href="https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/merging-vs-rebasing">Nguyên tắc vàng để Rebasing</a>
+để biết thêm chi tiết khi nào cần tránh rebase. Một giải pháp đơn giản để cập
+nhật PR (nhằm xử lý conflicts hay lỗi commit) là checkout một branch mới từ
+branch dev cập nhật nhất của Apache SINGAS repo; copy và paste các mã code
+được cập nhật/thêm vào; commit và gửi một PR mới.</p></li>
+</ol>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="dành-cho-commiters"></a><a href="#dành-cho-commiters" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Dành cho commiters</h2>
+<p>Commiters có thể merge pull requests (PRs) vào dev branch của repo upstream.
+Trước khi merge mỗi PR, committer nên</p>
+<ul>
+<li>kiểm tra thông điệp commit (nội dung và định dạng)</li>
+<li>kiểm tra những thay đổi so với code hiện tại. Thay đổi về API nên được ghi
+lại.</li>
+<li>kiểm tra kết quả Travis testing cho định dạng mã code/tài liệu và unit tests</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Có hai cách để merge một pull request:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Trên Github. Làm theo <a href="https://gitbox.apache.org/setup/">hướng dẫn</a> để kết nối
+tài khoản Apache với tài khoản Github của bạn. Sau đó bạn có thể trực tiếp
+merge PRs trên GitHub.</p></li>
+<li><p>Để merge pull request <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/pull/xxx">https://github.com/apache/singa/pull/xxx</a> qua command
+line, thực hiện theo hướng dẫn sau:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
+git remote add asf https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/singa.git
+git fetch origin pull/xxx/head:prxxx
+git checkout dev
+git merge --no-ff prxxx
+git push asf dev:dev
+</code></pre>
+<p>Không sử dụng rebase để merge PR; và vô hiệu hoá fast forward.</p></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#dành-cho-lập-trình-viên">Dành cho Lập Trình Viên</a></li><li><a href="#dành-cho-commiters">Dành cho commiters</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
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+<p>Forward và backward propagation trong mạng thần kinh nhân tạo (neural network)
+có thể sử dụng một tập hợp các hàm như convolution và pooling. Mỗi hàm nhận một
+vài input <a href="./tensor">tensors</a> và áp dụng một <a href="./autograd">operator</a> để tạo
+output tensors. Bằng việc thể hiện mỗi operator là một node và mỗi tensor là một
+edge, tất cả dạng hàm tạo thành một computational graph. Với computational
+graph, tối ưu hoá tốc độ và bộ nhớ có thể được tiến hành bởi việc đưa vào thực
+hiện việc phân bổ/giải phóng bộ nhớ và thao tác một cách hợp lý. Trong SINGA,
+người dùng chỉ cần xác định neural network model sử dụng API của hàm
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/model.py">Model</a>.
+Graph được xây dựng và tối ưu hoá ở C++ phía sau một cách tự động.</p>
+<p>Theo đó, một mặt người dùng thực hiện network sử dụng API của hàm
+<a href="./graph">Model</a> tuân theo phong cách lập trình bắt buộc như PyTorch. Có điều
+khác với PyTorch phải tái tạo lại các thao tác ở mỗi vòng lặp, SINGA buffer các
+thao tác để tạo computational graph một cách đầy đủ (khi tính năng này được kích
+hoạt) sau vòng lặp đầu tiên. Do đó, mặt khác, SINGA có computational graph giống
+như được tạo bởi các libraries sử dụng lập trình khai báo (declarative
+programming), như TensorFlow. Nên nó được tối ưu hoá qua graph.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="ví-dụ"></a><a href="#ví-dụ" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Ví Dụ</h2>
+<p>Mã code sau mô phỏng việc sử dụng API của hàm <code>Model</code>.</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Áp dụng model mới như một tập con của Model class.</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-Python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">CNN</span><span class="hljs-params">(model.Model)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, num_channels=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)</span>:</span>
+ super(CNN, self).__init__()
+ self.conv1 = layer.Conv2d(num_channels, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, activation=<span class="hljs-string">"RELU"</span>)
+ self.conv2 = layer.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">50</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, activation=<span class="hljs-string">"RELU"</span>)
+ self.linear1 = layer.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">500</span>)
+ self.linear2 = layer.Linear(num_classes)
+ self.pooling1 = layer.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.pooling2 = layer.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.relu = layer.ReLU()
+ self.flatten = layer.Flatten()
+ self.softmax_cross_entropy = layer.SoftMaxCrossEntropy()
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x)</span>:</span>
+ y = self.conv1(x)
+ y = self.pooling1(y)
+ y = self.conv2(y)
+ y = self.pooling2(y)
+ y = self.flatten(y)
+ y = self.linear1(y)
+ y = self.relu(y)
+ y = self.linear2(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, y)</span>:</span>
+ out = self.forward(x)
+ loss = self.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+ self.optimizer(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>Tạo một instance cho model, optimizer, device, v.v. Compile model đó</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">model = CNN()
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># khởi tạo optimizer và đính nó vào model</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># khởi tạo device</span>
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># input và target placeholders cho model</span>
+tx = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, IMG_SIZE, IMG_SIZE), dev, tensor.float32)
+ty = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, num_classes), dev, tensor.int32)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># compile model trước khi training</span>
+model.compile([tx], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, use_graph=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>Train model theo vòng lặp</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_train_batch):
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># tạo mini-batch tiếp theo</span>
+ x, y = ...
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Copy dữ liệu vào input tensors</span>
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(x)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(y)
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Training với một batch</span>
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Ví dụ này có trên Google Colab notebook
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1fbGUs1AsoX6bU5F745RwQpohP4bHTktq">tại đây</a>.</p>
+<p>Các ví dụ khác:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/mlp/model.py">MLP</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/cnn.py">CNN</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">ResNet</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="thực-hiện"></a><a href="#thực-hiện" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Thực Hiện</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="xây-dựng-graph"></a><a href="#xây-dựng-graph" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Xây Dựng Graph</h3>
+<p>SINGA tạo computational graph qua 3 bước:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Buffer các thao tác</li>
+<li>Phân tích hoạt động các thư viện sử dụng trong dự án (dependencies)</li>
+<li>Tạo nodes và edges dựa trên dependencies</li>
+</ol>
+<p>Sử dụng phép nhân ma trận từ dense layer của
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/mlp/model.py">MLP model</a>
+làm ví dụ. Quá trình này gọi là hàm <code>forward</code> function của class MLP</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MLP</span><span class="hljs-params">(model.Model)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, data_size=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, perceptron_size=<span class="hljs-number">100</span>, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>)</span>:</span>
+ super(MLP, self).__init__()
+ self.linear1 = layer.Linear(perceptron_size)
+ ...
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, inputs)</span>:</span>
+ y = self.linear1(inputs)
+ ...
+</code></pre>
+<p>Layer <code>Linear</code> tạo thành từ phép tính <code>mutmul</code>. <code>autograd</code> áp dụng phép <code>matmul</code>
+bằng cách gọi hàm <code>Mult</code> được lấy từ CPP qua SWIG.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># áp dụng matmul()</span>
+singa.Mult(inputs, w)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Từ phía sau, hàm <code>Mult</code> function được áp dụng bằng cách gọi <code>GEMV</code>, là một hàm
+CBLAS. thay vì gọi hàm <code>GEMV</code> trực tiếp, <code>Mult</code> gửi đi <code>GEMV</code> và đối số
+(argument) tới thiết bị (device) như sau,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-c++"><span class="hljs-comment">// Áp dụng Mult()</span>
+C->device()->Exec(
+ [a, A, b, B, CRef](Context *ctx) <span class="hljs-keyword">mutable</span> {
+ GEMV<DType, Lang>(a, A, B, b, &CRef, ctx);
+ },
+ read_blocks, {C->block()});
+</code></pre>
+<p>Hàm <code>Exec</code> function của <code>Device</code> buffer hàm này và các đối số của nó. Thêm vào
+đó, nó cũng có thông tin về các block (một block là một đoạn bộ nhớ cho một
+tensor) để đọc và viết bởi hàm này.</p>
+<p>Sau khi <code>Model.forward()</code> được thực hiện xong một lần, tất cả quá trình được
+buffer bởi <code>Device</code>. Tiếp theo, thông tin đọc/viết của tất cả quá trình sẽ được
+phân tích để tạo computational graph. Ví dụ, nếu một block <code>b</code> được viết bởi quá
+trình 01 và sau đó được đọc bởi quá trình 02 khác, chúng ta sẽ biết 02 là dựa
+vào 01 và có edge trực tiếp từ A sang B, thể hiện qua block <code>b</code> (hoặc tensor của
+nó). Sau đó một graph không tuần hoàn sẽ được tạo ra như dưới đây. Graph chỉ
+được tạo ra một lần.</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/GraphOfMLP.png" alt="Computational graph của MLP"></p>
+<p><br/><strong>Sơ đồ 1 - Ví dụ Computational graph của MLP.</strong></p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tối-ưu-hoá"></a><a href="#tối-ưu-hoá" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tối Ưu Hoá</h3>
+<p>Hiện nay, các tối ưu hoá sau được thực hiện dựa trên computational graph.</p>
+<p><strong>Phân bổ thụ động (Lazy allocation)</strong> Khi tensor/blocks được tạo ra, các thiết
+bị (devices) không phân bổ bộ nhớ cho chúng ngay lập tức. Thay vào đó, khi block
+được tiếp cận lần đầu tiên, bộ nhớ sẽ được phân bổ.</p>
+<p><strong>Tự động tái sử dụng (Automatic recycling)</strong> Đếm số của mỗi tensor/block được
+tính dựa trên graph. Trước khi thực hiện quá trình nào, đếm số là số lượng hàm
+đọc block này. Trong quá trình thực hiện, khi một hàm nào được tiến hành, đếm số
+của mỗi block đầu vào bị trừ đi 1. Nếu đếm số của một block bằng 0, thì block
+này sẽ không được đọc lại nữa trong toàn bộ quá trình còn lại. Bởi vậy, bộ nhớ
+của nó được giải phóng một cách an toàn. Thêm vào đó, SINGA theo dõi việc sử
+dụng block bên ngoài graph. Nếu block được sử dụng bởi mã code Python (không
+phải các hàm autograd), nó sẽ không được tái sử dụng.</p>
+<p><strong>Chia sẻ bộ nhớ</strong> SINGA sử dụng memory pool, như là
+<a href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/cnmem">CnMem</a> để quản lý bộ nhớ CUDA. Với <em>Automatic
+recycling</em> và memory pool, SINGA có thể chia sẻ bộ nhớ giữa các tensor. Xem xét
+hai hàm <code>c = a + b</code> và <code>d=2xc</code>. Trước khi thực hiện hàm thứ hai, theo như <em>Lazy
+allocation</em> thì bộ nhớ của d nên được sử dụng. Cũng như <code>a</code> không được sử dụng ở
+toàn bộ quá trình còn lại. Theo Tự động sử dụng (Automatic recycling), block của
+<code>a</code> sẽ được giải phóng sau hàm đầu tiên. Vì thế, SINGA sẽ đề xuất bốn hàm tới
+CUDA stream: addition, free <code>a</code>, malloc <code>b</code>, và multiplication. Memory pool sau
+đó có thể chia sẻ bộ nhớ được <code>a</code> với <code>b</code> giải phóng thay vì yêu cầu GPU thực
+hiện real malloc cho <code>b</code>.</p>
+<p>Các kĩ thuật tối ưu hoá khác, ví dụ từ compliers, như common sub-expression
+elimination và parallelizing operations trên CUDA streams khác nhau cũng có thể
+được áp dụng.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="toán-tử-operator-mới"></a><a href="#toán-tử-operator-mới" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Toán Tử (Operator) mới</h2>
+<p>Mỗi toán tử được định nghĩa trong <code>autograd</code> module áp dụng hai hàm: forward và
+backward, được thực hiện bằng cách gọi toán tử (operator) từ backend. Để thêm
+một toán tử mới vào hàm <code>autograd</code>, bạn cần thêm nhiều toán tử ở backend.</p>
+<p>Lấy toán tử
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/autograd.py">Conv2d</a>
+làm ví dụ, từ phía Python, hàm forward và backward được thực hiện bằng cách gọi
+các toán tử từ backend dựa trên loại device.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">_Conv2d</span><span class="hljs-params">(Operation)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, W, b=None)</span>:</span>
+ ......
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> training:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> self.handle.bias_term:
+ self.inputs = (x, W, b) <span class="hljs-comment"># ghi chép x, W, b</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
+ self.inputs = (x, W)
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (type(self.handle) != singa.ConvHandle):
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> singa.GpuConvForward(x, W, b, self.handle)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> singa.CpuConvForward(x, W, b, self.handle)
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">backward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, dy)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (type(self.handle) != singa.ConvHandle):
+ dx = singa.GpuConvBackwardx(dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>], self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
+ self.handle)
+ dW = singa.GpuConvBackwardW(dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>], self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>],
+ self.handle)
+ db = singa.GpuConvBackwardb(
+ dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>],
+ self.handle) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> self.handle.bias_term <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
+ dx = singa.CpuConvBackwardx(dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>], self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
+ self.handle)
+ dW = singa.CpuConvBackwardW(dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>], self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>],
+ self.handle)
+ db = singa.CpuConvBackwardb(
+ dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>],
+ self.handle) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> self.handle.bias_term <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> db:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dx, dW, db
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dx, dW
+</code></pre>
+<p>Mỗi toán tử ở backend nên được thực hiện theo cách sau:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Giả dụ toán từ là <code>foo()</code>; khi được thực hiện nên được gói vào trong một hàm
+khác, như <code>_foo()</code>. <code>foo()</code> chuyển <code>_foo</code> cùng với các đối số như một hàm
+lambda tới hàm <code>Device</code>'s <code>Exec</code> để buffer. Block để đọc và viết cũng được
+chuyển cho <code>Exec</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Tất cả đối số được sử dụng trong hàm lambda expression cần phải được thu thập
+dựa trên các nguyên tắc sau.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p><code>thu thập bằng giá trị</code>: Nếu biến đối số (argument variable) là biến local
+hoặc sẽ được giải phóng ngay (như intermediate tensors). Hoặc, những biến số
+này sẽ bị loại bỏ khi <code>foo()</code> tồn tại.</p></li>
+<li><p><code>thu thập theo tham khảo</code>:Nếu biến số được ghi lại từ phía python hoặc một
+biến bất biến (như tham số W và ConvHand trong Conv2d class).</p></li>
+<li><p><code>mutable</code>: Biểu thức lambda expression nên có biến thẻ (mutable tag) nếu một
+biến được thu thập theo giá trị bị thay đổi trong hàm <code>_foo()</code></p></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Đây là một
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/src/model/operation/convolution.cc">ví dụ</a>
+về operator được áp dụng ở backend.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-c++"><span class="hljs-function">Tensor <span class="hljs-title">GpuConvBackwardx</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor &dy, <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor &W, <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor &x,
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> CudnnConvHandle &cch)</span> </span>{
+ CHECK_EQ(dy.device()->lang(), kCuda);
+
+ Tensor dx;
+ dx.ResetLike(x);
+
+ dy.device()->Exec(
+ <span class="hljs-comment">/*
+ * dx is a local variable so it's captured by value
+ * dy is an intermediate tensor and isn't recorded on the python side
+ * W is an intermediate tensor but it's recorded on the python side
+ * chh is a variable and it's recorded on the python side
+ */</span>
+ [dx, dy, &W, &cch](Context *ctx) <span class="hljs-keyword">mutable</span> {
+ Block *wblock = W.block(), *dyblock = dy.block(), *dxblock = dx.block();
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> alpha = <span class="hljs-number">1.f</span>, beta = <span class="hljs-number">0.f</span>;
+ cudnnConvolutionBackwardData(
+ ctx->cudnn_handle, &alpha, cch.filter_desc, wblock->data(),
+ cch.y_desc, dyblock->data(), cch.conv_desc, cch.bp_data_alg,
+ cch.workspace.block()->mutable_data(),
+ cch.workspace_count * <span class="hljs-keyword">sizeof</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">float</span>), &beta, cch.x_desc,
+ dxblock->mutable_data());
+ },
+ {dy.block(), W.block()}, {dx.block(), cch.workspace.block()});
+ <span class="hljs-comment">/* the lambda expression reads the blocks of tensor dy and w
+ * and writes the blocks of tensor dx and chh.workspace
+ */</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dx;
+}
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="điểm-chuẩn-benchmark"></a><a href="#điểm-chuẩn-benchmark" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Điểm Chuẩn (Benchmark)</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="trên-một-node"></a><a href="#trên-một-node" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Trên một node</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>Thiết lập thí nghiệm
+<ul>
+<li>Model
+<ul>
+<li>Sử dụng layer: ResNet50 trong
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/autograd/resnet_cifar10.py">resnet.py</a></li>
+<li>Sử dụng model: ResNet50 trong
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">resnet.py</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>GPU: NVIDIA RTX 2080Ti</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Kí hiệu
+<ul>
+<li><code>s</code> :giây (second)</li>
+<li><code>it</code> : vòng lặp (iteration)</li>
+<li><code>Mem</code>:sử dụng bộ nhớ tối đa trong một GPU</li>
+<li><code>Throughout</code>:số lượng hình ảnh được xử lý mỗi giây</li>
+<li><code>Time</code>:tổng thời gian</li>
+<li><code>Speed</code>:vòng lặp mỗi giây</li>
+<li><code>Reduction</code>:tốc độ giảm bộ nhớ sử dụng so với sử dụng layer</li>
+<li><code>Speedup</code>: tốc độ tăng tốc so với dev branch</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Kết quả
+ <table style="text-align: center">
+ <tr>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Batchsize</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Cases</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Mem(MB)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Time(s)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Speed(it/s)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Throughput</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Reduction</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Speedup</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td rowspan="4">16</td>
+ <td nowrap>layer</td>
+ <td>4975</td>
+ <td>14.1952</td>
+ <td>14.0893</td>
+ <td>225.4285</td>
+ <td>0.00%</td>
+ <td>1.0000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:disable graph</td>
+ <td>4995</td>
+ <td>14.1264</td>
+ <td>14.1579</td>
+ <td>226.5261</td>
+ <td>-0.40%</td>
+ <td>1.0049</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, bfs</td>
+ <td>3283</td>
+ <td>13.7438</td>
+ <td>14.5520</td>
+ <td>232.8318</td>
+ <td>34.01%</td>
+ <td>1.0328</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, serial</td>
+ <td>3265</td>
+ <td>13.7420</td>
+ <td>14.5540</td>
+ <td>232.8635</td>
+ <td>34.37%</td>
+ <td>1.0330</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td rowspan="4">32</td>
+ <td nowrap>layer</td>
+ <td>10119</td>
+ <td>13.4587</td>
+ <td>7.4302</td>
+ <td>237.7649</td>
+ <td>0.00%</td>
+ <td>1.0000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:disable graph</td>
+ <td>10109</td>
+ <td>13.2952</td>
+ <td>7.5315</td>
+ <td>240.6875</td>
+ <td>0.10%</td>
+ <td>1.0123</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, bfs</td>
+ <td>6839</td>
+ <td>13.1059</td>
+ <td>7.6302</td>
+ <td>244.1648</td>
+ <td>32.41%</td>
+ <td>1.0269</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, serial</td>
+ <td>6845</td>
+ <td>13.0489</td>
+ <td>7.6635</td>
+ <td>245.2312</td>
+ <td>32.35%</td>
+ <td>1.0314</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="đa-quá-trình-multi-processes"></a><a href="#đa-quá-trình-multi-processes" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Đa quá trình (Multi processes)</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>Thiết lập thí nghiệm
+<ul>
+<li>API
+<ul>
+<li>Sử dụng Layer: ResNet50 trong
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/autograd/resnet_dist.py">resnet_dist.py</a></li>
+<li>Sử dụng Model: ResNet50 trong
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">resnet.py</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>GPU: NVIDIA RTX 2080Ti * 2</li>
+<li>MPI: hai quá trình MPI trên một node</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Kí hiệu: như trên</li>
+<li>kết quả
+ <table style="text-align: center">
+ <tr>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Batchsize</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Cases</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Mem(MB)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Time(s)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Speed(it/s)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Throughput</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Reduction</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Speedup</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td rowspan="4">16</td>
+ <td nowrap>layer</td>
+ <td>5439</td>
+ <td>17.3323</td>
+ <td>11.5391</td>
+ <td>369.2522</td>
+ <td>0.00%</td>
+ <td>1.0000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:disable graph</td>
+ <td>5427</td>
+ <td>17.8232</td>
+ <td>11.2213</td>
+ <td>359.0831</td>
+ <td>0.22%</td>
+ <td>0.9725</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, bfs</td>
+ <td>3389</td>
+ <td>18.2310</td>
+ <td>10.9703</td>
+ <td>351.0504</td>
+ <td>37.69%</td>
+ <td>0.9507</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, serial</td>
+ <td>3437</td>
+ <td>17.0389</td>
+ <td>11.7378</td>
+ <td>375.6103</td>
+ <td>36.81%</td>
+ <td>1.0172</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td rowspan="4">32</td>
+ <td nowrap>layer</td>
+ <td>10547</td>
+ <td>14.8635</td>
+ <td>6.7279</td>
+ <td>430.5858</td>
+ <td>0.00%</td>
+ <td>1.0000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:disable graph</td>
+ <td>10503</td>
+ <td>14.7746</td>
+ <td>6.7684</td>
+ <td>433.1748</td>
+ <td>0.42%</td>
+ <td>1.0060</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, bfs</td>
+ <td>6935</td>
+ <td>14.8553</td>
+ <td>6.7316</td>
+ <td>430.8231</td>
+ <td>34.25%</td>
+ <td>1.0006</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, serial</td>
+ <td>7027</td>
+ <td>14.3271</td>
+ <td>6.9798</td>
+ <td>446.7074</td>
+ <td>33.37%</td>
+ <td>1.0374</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="kết-luận"></a><a href="#kết-luận" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Kết Luận</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>Training với computational graph giúp giảm đáng kể khối bộ nhớ.</li>
+<li>Hiện tại, tốc độ có cải thiện một chút. Nhiều tối ưu hoá có thể được thực hiện
+giúp tăng hiệu quả.</li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#ví-dụ">Ví Dụ</a></li><li><a href="#thực-hiện">Thực Hiện</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#xây-dựng-graph">Xây Dựng Graph</a></li><li><a href="#tối-ưu-hoá">Tối Ưu Hoá</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#toán-tử-operator-mới">Toán Tử (Operator) mới</a></li><li><a href="#điểm-chuẩn-benchmark">Điểm Chuẩn (Benchmark)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#trên-một-node">Trên một node</a></li><li><a href="#đa-quá-trình-multi-processes">Đa quá trình (Multi processes)</a></li><li><a href="#kết-luận">Kết Luận</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>Forward và backward propagation trong mạng thần kinh nhân tạo (neural network)
+có thể sử dụng một tập hợp các hàm như convolution và pooling. Mỗi hàm nhận một
+vài input <a href="./tensor">tensors</a> và áp dụng một <a href="./autograd">operator</a> để tạo
+output tensors. Bằng việc thể hiện mỗi operator là một node và mỗi tensor là một
+edge, tất cả dạng hàm tạo thành một computational graph. Với computational
+graph, tối ưu hoá tốc độ và bộ nhớ có thể được tiến hành bởi việc đưa vào thực
+hiện việc phân bổ/giải phóng bộ nhớ và thao tác một cách hợp lý. Trong SINGA,
+người dùng chỉ cần xác định neural network model sử dụng API của hàm
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/model.py">Model</a>.
+Graph được xây dựng và tối ưu hoá ở C++ phía sau một cách tự động.</p>
+<p>Theo đó, một mặt người dùng thực hiện network sử dụng API của hàm
+<a href="./graph">Model</a> tuân theo phong cách lập trình bắt buộc như PyTorch. Có điều
+khác với PyTorch phải tái tạo lại các thao tác ở mỗi vòng lặp, SINGA buffer các
+thao tác để tạo computational graph một cách đầy đủ (khi tính năng này được kích
+hoạt) sau vòng lặp đầu tiên. Do đó, mặt khác, SINGA có computational graph giống
+như được tạo bởi các libraries sử dụng lập trình khai báo (declarative
+programming), như TensorFlow. Nên nó được tối ưu hoá qua graph.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="ví-dụ"></a><a href="#ví-dụ" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Ví Dụ</h2>
+<p>Mã code sau mô phỏng việc sử dụng API của hàm <code>Model</code>.</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Áp dụng model mới như một tập con của Model class.</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-Python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">CNN</span><span class="hljs-params">(model.Model)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, num_channels=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)</span>:</span>
+ super(CNN, self).__init__()
+ self.conv1 = layer.Conv2d(num_channels, <span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, activation=<span class="hljs-string">"RELU"</span>)
+ self.conv2 = layer.Conv2d(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>, <span class="hljs-number">50</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, activation=<span class="hljs-string">"RELU"</span>)
+ self.linear1 = layer.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">500</span>)
+ self.linear2 = layer.Linear(num_classes)
+ self.pooling1 = layer.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.pooling2 = layer.MaxPool2d(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, padding=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+ self.relu = layer.ReLU()
+ self.flatten = layer.Flatten()
+ self.softmax_cross_entropy = layer.SoftMaxCrossEntropy()
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x)</span>:</span>
+ y = self.conv1(x)
+ y = self.pooling1(y)
+ y = self.conv2(y)
+ y = self.pooling2(y)
+ y = self.flatten(y)
+ y = self.linear1(y)
+ y = self.relu(y)
+ y = self.linear2(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, y)</span>:</span>
+ out = self.forward(x)
+ loss = self.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+ self.optimizer(loss)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>Tạo một instance cho model, optimizer, device, v.v. Compile model đó</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">model = CNN()
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># khởi tạo optimizer và đính nó vào model</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># khởi tạo device</span>
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># input và target placeholders cho model</span>
+tx = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, IMG_SIZE, IMG_SIZE), dev, tensor.float32)
+ty = tensor.Tensor((batch_size, num_classes), dev, tensor.int32)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># compile model trước khi training</span>
+model.compile([tx], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, use_graph=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>Train model theo vòng lặp</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_train_batch):
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># tạo mini-batch tiếp theo</span>
+ x, y = ...
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Copy dữ liệu vào input tensors</span>
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(x)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(y)
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Training với một batch</span>
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Ví dụ này có trên Google Colab notebook
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1fbGUs1AsoX6bU5F745RwQpohP4bHTktq">tại đây</a>.</p>
+<p>Các ví dụ khác:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/mlp/model.py">MLP</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/cnn.py">CNN</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">ResNet</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="thực-hiện"></a><a href="#thực-hiện" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Thực Hiện</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="xây-dựng-graph"></a><a href="#xây-dựng-graph" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Xây Dựng Graph</h3>
+<p>SINGA tạo computational graph qua 3 bước:</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Buffer các thao tác</li>
+<li>Phân tích hoạt động các thư viện sử dụng trong dự án (dependencies)</li>
+<li>Tạo nodes và edges dựa trên dependencies</li>
+</ol>
+<p>Sử dụng phép nhân ma trận từ dense layer của
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/mlp/model.py">MLP model</a>
+làm ví dụ. Quá trình này gọi là hàm <code>forward</code> function của class MLP</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MLP</span><span class="hljs-params">(model.Model)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, data_size=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>, perceptron_size=<span class="hljs-number">100</span>, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">10</span>)</span>:</span>
+ super(MLP, self).__init__()
+ self.linear1 = layer.Linear(perceptron_size)
+ ...
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, inputs)</span>:</span>
+ y = self.linear1(inputs)
+ ...
+</code></pre>
+<p>Layer <code>Linear</code> tạo thành từ phép tính <code>mutmul</code>. <code>autograd</code> áp dụng phép <code>matmul</code>
+bằng cách gọi hàm <code>Mult</code> được lấy từ CPP qua SWIG.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># áp dụng matmul()</span>
+singa.Mult(inputs, w)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Từ phía sau, hàm <code>Mult</code> function được áp dụng bằng cách gọi <code>GEMV</code>, là một hàm
+CBLAS. thay vì gọi hàm <code>GEMV</code> trực tiếp, <code>Mult</code> gửi đi <code>GEMV</code> và đối số
+(argument) tới thiết bị (device) như sau,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-c++"><span class="hljs-comment">// Áp dụng Mult()</span>
+C->device()->Exec(
+ [a, A, b, B, CRef](Context *ctx) <span class="hljs-keyword">mutable</span> {
+ GEMV<DType, Lang>(a, A, B, b, &CRef, ctx);
+ },
+ read_blocks, {C->block()});
+</code></pre>
+<p>Hàm <code>Exec</code> function của <code>Device</code> buffer hàm này và các đối số của nó. Thêm vào
+đó, nó cũng có thông tin về các block (một block là một đoạn bộ nhớ cho một
+tensor) để đọc và viết bởi hàm này.</p>
+<p>Sau khi <code>Model.forward()</code> được thực hiện xong một lần, tất cả quá trình được
+buffer bởi <code>Device</code>. Tiếp theo, thông tin đọc/viết của tất cả quá trình sẽ được
+phân tích để tạo computational graph. Ví dụ, nếu một block <code>b</code> được viết bởi quá
+trình 01 và sau đó được đọc bởi quá trình 02 khác, chúng ta sẽ biết 02 là dựa
+vào 01 và có edge trực tiếp từ A sang B, thể hiện qua block <code>b</code> (hoặc tensor của
+nó). Sau đó một graph không tuần hoàn sẽ được tạo ra như dưới đây. Graph chỉ
+được tạo ra một lần.</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/GraphOfMLP.png" alt="Computational graph của MLP"></p>
+<p><br/><strong>Sơ đồ 1 - Ví dụ Computational graph của MLP.</strong></p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tối-ưu-hoá"></a><a href="#tối-ưu-hoá" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tối Ưu Hoá</h3>
+<p>Hiện nay, các tối ưu hoá sau được thực hiện dựa trên computational graph.</p>
+<p><strong>Phân bổ thụ động (Lazy allocation)</strong> Khi tensor/blocks được tạo ra, các thiết
+bị (devices) không phân bổ bộ nhớ cho chúng ngay lập tức. Thay vào đó, khi block
+được tiếp cận lần đầu tiên, bộ nhớ sẽ được phân bổ.</p>
+<p><strong>Tự động tái sử dụng (Automatic recycling)</strong> Đếm số của mỗi tensor/block được
+tính dựa trên graph. Trước khi thực hiện quá trình nào, đếm số là số lượng hàm
+đọc block này. Trong quá trình thực hiện, khi một hàm nào được tiến hành, đếm số
+của mỗi block đầu vào bị trừ đi 1. Nếu đếm số của một block bằng 0, thì block
+này sẽ không được đọc lại nữa trong toàn bộ quá trình còn lại. Bởi vậy, bộ nhớ
+của nó được giải phóng một cách an toàn. Thêm vào đó, SINGA theo dõi việc sử
+dụng block bên ngoài graph. Nếu block được sử dụng bởi mã code Python (không
+phải các hàm autograd), nó sẽ không được tái sử dụng.</p>
+<p><strong>Chia sẻ bộ nhớ</strong> SINGA sử dụng memory pool, như là
+<a href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/cnmem">CnMem</a> để quản lý bộ nhớ CUDA. Với <em>Automatic
+recycling</em> và memory pool, SINGA có thể chia sẻ bộ nhớ giữa các tensor. Xem xét
+hai hàm <code>c = a + b</code> và <code>d=2xc</code>. Trước khi thực hiện hàm thứ hai, theo như <em>Lazy
+allocation</em> thì bộ nhớ của d nên được sử dụng. Cũng như <code>a</code> không được sử dụng ở
+toàn bộ quá trình còn lại. Theo Tự động sử dụng (Automatic recycling), block của
+<code>a</code> sẽ được giải phóng sau hàm đầu tiên. Vì thế, SINGA sẽ đề xuất bốn hàm tới
+CUDA stream: addition, free <code>a</code>, malloc <code>b</code>, và multiplication. Memory pool sau
+đó có thể chia sẻ bộ nhớ được <code>a</code> với <code>b</code> giải phóng thay vì yêu cầu GPU thực
+hiện real malloc cho <code>b</code>.</p>
+<p>Các kĩ thuật tối ưu hoá khác, ví dụ từ compliers, như common sub-expression
+elimination và parallelizing operations trên CUDA streams khác nhau cũng có thể
+được áp dụng.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="toán-tử-operator-mới"></a><a href="#toán-tử-operator-mới" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Toán Tử (Operator) mới</h2>
+<p>Mỗi toán tử được định nghĩa trong <code>autograd</code> module áp dụng hai hàm: forward và
+backward, được thực hiện bằng cách gọi toán tử (operator) từ backend. Để thêm
+một toán tử mới vào hàm <code>autograd</code>, bạn cần thêm nhiều toán tử ở backend.</p>
+<p>Lấy toán tử
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/python/singa/autograd.py">Conv2d</a>
+làm ví dụ, từ phía Python, hàm forward và backward được thực hiện bằng cách gọi
+các toán tử từ backend dựa trên loại device.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">_Conv2d</span><span class="hljs-params">(Operation)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, W, b=None)</span>:</span>
+ ......
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> training:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> self.handle.bias_term:
+ self.inputs = (x, W, b) <span class="hljs-comment"># ghi chép x, W, b</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
+ self.inputs = (x, W)
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (type(self.handle) != singa.ConvHandle):
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> singa.GpuConvForward(x, W, b, self.handle)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> singa.CpuConvForward(x, W, b, self.handle)
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">backward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, dy)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (type(self.handle) != singa.ConvHandle):
+ dx = singa.GpuConvBackwardx(dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>], self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
+ self.handle)
+ dW = singa.GpuConvBackwardW(dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>], self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>],
+ self.handle)
+ db = singa.GpuConvBackwardb(
+ dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>],
+ self.handle) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> self.handle.bias_term <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
+ dx = singa.CpuConvBackwardx(dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>], self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>],
+ self.handle)
+ dW = singa.CpuConvBackwardW(dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>], self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>],
+ self.handle)
+ db = singa.CpuConvBackwardb(
+ dy, self.inputs[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>],
+ self.handle) <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> self.handle.bias_term <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-literal">None</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> db:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dx, dW, db
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dx, dW
+</code></pre>
+<p>Mỗi toán tử ở backend nên được thực hiện theo cách sau:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Giả dụ toán từ là <code>foo()</code>; khi được thực hiện nên được gói vào trong một hàm
+khác, như <code>_foo()</code>. <code>foo()</code> chuyển <code>_foo</code> cùng với các đối số như một hàm
+lambda tới hàm <code>Device</code>'s <code>Exec</code> để buffer. Block để đọc và viết cũng được
+chuyển cho <code>Exec</code>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Tất cả đối số được sử dụng trong hàm lambda expression cần phải được thu thập
+dựa trên các nguyên tắc sau.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p><code>thu thập bằng giá trị</code>: Nếu biến đối số (argument variable) là biến local
+hoặc sẽ được giải phóng ngay (như intermediate tensors). Hoặc, những biến số
+này sẽ bị loại bỏ khi <code>foo()</code> tồn tại.</p></li>
+<li><p><code>thu thập theo tham khảo</code>:Nếu biến số được ghi lại từ phía python hoặc một
+biến bất biến (như tham số W và ConvHand trong Conv2d class).</p></li>
+<li><p><code>mutable</code>: Biểu thức lambda expression nên có biến thẻ (mutable tag) nếu một
+biến được thu thập theo giá trị bị thay đổi trong hàm <code>_foo()</code></p></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Đây là một
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/src/model/operation/convolution.cc">ví dụ</a>
+về operator được áp dụng ở backend.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-c++"><span class="hljs-function">Tensor <span class="hljs-title">GpuConvBackwardx</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor &dy, <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor &W, <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> Tensor &x,
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> CudnnConvHandle &cch)</span> </span>{
+ CHECK_EQ(dy.device()->lang(), kCuda);
+
+ Tensor dx;
+ dx.ResetLike(x);
+
+ dy.device()->Exec(
+ <span class="hljs-comment">/*
+ * dx is a local variable so it's captured by value
+ * dy is an intermediate tensor and isn't recorded on the python side
+ * W is an intermediate tensor but it's recorded on the python side
+ * chh is a variable and it's recorded on the python side
+ */</span>
+ [dx, dy, &W, &cch](Context *ctx) <span class="hljs-keyword">mutable</span> {
+ Block *wblock = W.block(), *dyblock = dy.block(), *dxblock = dx.block();
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">float</span> alpha = <span class="hljs-number">1.f</span>, beta = <span class="hljs-number">0.f</span>;
+ cudnnConvolutionBackwardData(
+ ctx->cudnn_handle, &alpha, cch.filter_desc, wblock->data(),
+ cch.y_desc, dyblock->data(), cch.conv_desc, cch.bp_data_alg,
+ cch.workspace.block()->mutable_data(),
+ cch.workspace_count * <span class="hljs-keyword">sizeof</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">float</span>), &beta, cch.x_desc,
+ dxblock->mutable_data());
+ },
+ {dy.block(), W.block()}, {dx.block(), cch.workspace.block()});
+ <span class="hljs-comment">/* the lambda expression reads the blocks of tensor dy and w
+ * and writes the blocks of tensor dx and chh.workspace
+ */</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> dx;
+}
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="điểm-chuẩn-benchmark"></a><a href="#điểm-chuẩn-benchmark" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Điểm Chuẩn (Benchmark)</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="trên-một-node"></a><a href="#trên-một-node" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Trên một node</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>Thiết lập thí nghiệm
+<ul>
+<li>Model
+<ul>
+<li>Sử dụng layer: ResNet50 trong
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/autograd/resnet_cifar10.py">resnet.py</a></li>
+<li>Sử dụng model: ResNet50 trong
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">resnet.py</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>GPU: NVIDIA RTX 2080Ti</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Kí hiệu
+<ul>
+<li><code>s</code> :giây (second)</li>
+<li><code>it</code> : vòng lặp (iteration)</li>
+<li><code>Mem</code>:sử dụng bộ nhớ tối đa trong một GPU</li>
+<li><code>Throughout</code>:số lượng hình ảnh được xử lý mỗi giây</li>
+<li><code>Time</code>:tổng thời gian</li>
+<li><code>Speed</code>:vòng lặp mỗi giây</li>
+<li><code>Reduction</code>:tốc độ giảm bộ nhớ sử dụng so với sử dụng layer</li>
+<li><code>Speedup</code>: tốc độ tăng tốc so với dev branch</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Kết quả
+ <table style="text-align: center">
+ <tr>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Batchsize</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Cases</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Mem(MB)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Time(s)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Speed(it/s)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Throughput</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Reduction</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Speedup</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td rowspan="4">16</td>
+ <td nowrap>layer</td>
+ <td>4975</td>
+ <td>14.1952</td>
+ <td>14.0893</td>
+ <td>225.4285</td>
+ <td>0.00%</td>
+ <td>1.0000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:disable graph</td>
+ <td>4995</td>
+ <td>14.1264</td>
+ <td>14.1579</td>
+ <td>226.5261</td>
+ <td>-0.40%</td>
+ <td>1.0049</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, bfs</td>
+ <td>3283</td>
+ <td>13.7438</td>
+ <td>14.5520</td>
+ <td>232.8318</td>
+ <td>34.01%</td>
+ <td>1.0328</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, serial</td>
+ <td>3265</td>
+ <td>13.7420</td>
+ <td>14.5540</td>
+ <td>232.8635</td>
+ <td>34.37%</td>
+ <td>1.0330</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td rowspan="4">32</td>
+ <td nowrap>layer</td>
+ <td>10119</td>
+ <td>13.4587</td>
+ <td>7.4302</td>
+ <td>237.7649</td>
+ <td>0.00%</td>
+ <td>1.0000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:disable graph</td>
+ <td>10109</td>
+ <td>13.2952</td>
+ <td>7.5315</td>
+ <td>240.6875</td>
+ <td>0.10%</td>
+ <td>1.0123</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, bfs</td>
+ <td>6839</td>
+ <td>13.1059</td>
+ <td>7.6302</td>
+ <td>244.1648</td>
+ <td>32.41%</td>
+ <td>1.0269</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, serial</td>
+ <td>6845</td>
+ <td>13.0489</td>
+ <td>7.6635</td>
+ <td>245.2312</td>
+ <td>32.35%</td>
+ <td>1.0314</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="đa-quá-trình-multi-processes"></a><a href="#đa-quá-trình-multi-processes" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Đa quá trình (Multi processes)</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>Thiết lập thí nghiệm
+<ul>
+<li>API
+<ul>
+<li>Sử dụng Layer: ResNet50 trong
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/autograd/resnet_dist.py">resnet_dist.py</a></li>
+<li>Sử dụng Model: ResNet50 trong
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">resnet.py</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>GPU: NVIDIA RTX 2080Ti * 2</li>
+<li>MPI: hai quá trình MPI trên một node</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li>Kí hiệu: như trên</li>
+<li>kết quả
+ <table style="text-align: center">
+ <tr>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Batchsize</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Cases</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Mem(MB)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Time(s)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Speed(it/s)</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Throughput</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Reduction</th>
+ <th style="text-align: center">Speedup</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td rowspan="4">16</td>
+ <td nowrap>layer</td>
+ <td>5439</td>
+ <td>17.3323</td>
+ <td>11.5391</td>
+ <td>369.2522</td>
+ <td>0.00%</td>
+ <td>1.0000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:disable graph</td>
+ <td>5427</td>
+ <td>17.8232</td>
+ <td>11.2213</td>
+ <td>359.0831</td>
+ <td>0.22%</td>
+ <td>0.9725</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, bfs</td>
+ <td>3389</td>
+ <td>18.2310</td>
+ <td>10.9703</td>
+ <td>351.0504</td>
+ <td>37.69%</td>
+ <td>0.9507</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, serial</td>
+ <td>3437</td>
+ <td>17.0389</td>
+ <td>11.7378</td>
+ <td>375.6103</td>
+ <td>36.81%</td>
+ <td>1.0172</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td rowspan="4">32</td>
+ <td nowrap>layer</td>
+ <td>10547</td>
+ <td>14.8635</td>
+ <td>6.7279</td>
+ <td>430.5858</td>
+ <td>0.00%</td>
+ <td>1.0000</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:disable graph</td>
+ <td>10503</td>
+ <td>14.7746</td>
+ <td>6.7684</td>
+ <td>433.1748</td>
+ <td>0.42%</td>
+ <td>1.0060</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, bfs</td>
+ <td>6935</td>
+ <td>14.8553</td>
+ <td>6.7316</td>
+ <td>430.8231</td>
+ <td>34.25%</td>
+ <td>1.0006</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td nowrap>model:enable graph, serial</td>
+ <td>7027</td>
+ <td>14.3271</td>
+ <td>6.9798</td>
+ <td>446.7074</td>
+ <td>33.37%</td>
+ <td>1.0374</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="kết-luận"></a><a href="#kết-luận" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Kết Luận</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>Training với computational graph giúp giảm đáng kể khối bộ nhớ.</li>
+<li>Hiện tại, tốc độ có cải thiện một chút. Nhiều tối ưu hoá có thể được thực hiện
+giúp tăng hiệu quả.</li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#ví-dụ">Ví Dụ</a></li><li><a href="#thực-hiện">Thực Hiện</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#xây-dựng-graph">Xây Dựng Graph</a></li><li><a href="#tối-ưu-hoá">Tối Ưu Hoá</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#toán-tử-operator-mới">Toán Tử (Operator) mới</a></li><li><a href="#điểm-chuẩn-benchmark">Điểm Chuẩn (Benchmark)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#trên-một-node">Trên một node</a></li><li><a href="#đa-quá-trình-multi-processes">Đa quá trình (Multi processes)</a></li><li><a href="#kết-luận">Kết Luận</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/history-singa.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Lịch Sử Phát Triển SINGA</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="lịch-sử-phát-triển"></a><a href="#lịch-sử-phát-triển" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Lịch Sử Phát Triển</h2>
+<p>SINGA được phát triển bởi DB System Group tại ĐH Quốc Gia Singapore (NUS) vào
+năm 2014, hợp tác với nhóm nghiên cứu cơ sở dữ liệu của ĐH Chiết Giang. Vui lòng
+cite các báo cáo khoa học dưới đây nếu bạn muốn sử dụng SINGA trong nghiên cứu
+của mình:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>B.C. Ooi, K.-L. Tan, S. Wang, W. Wang, Q. Cai, G. Chen, J. Gao, Z. Luo, A. K.
+H. Tung, Y. Wang, Z. Xie, M. Zhang, and K. Zheng.
+<a href="http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~ooibc/singaopen-mm15.pdf">SINGA: A distributed deep learning platform</a>.
+ACM Multimedia (Open Source Software Competition) 2015</p></li>
+<li><p>W. Wang, G. Chen, T. T. A. Dinh, B. C. Ooi, K.-L.Tan, J. Gao, and S. Wang.
+<a href="http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~ooibc/singa-mm15.pdf">SINGA: putting deep learning in the hands of multimedia users</a>.
+ACM Multimedia 2015.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Rafiki là một mô-đun của SINGA. Vui lòng cite các báo cáo khoa học dưới đây nếu
+bạn muốn sử dụng Rafiki trong nghiên cứu của mình:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Wei Wang, Jinyang Gao, Meihui Zhang, Sheng Wang, Gang Chen, Teck Khim Ng, Beng
+Chin Ooi, Jie Shao, Moaz Reyad.
+<a href="http://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol12/p128-wang.pdf">Rafiki: Machine Learning as an Analytics Service System</a>.
+<a href="http://vldb.org/2019/">VLDB 2019</a>
+(<a href="https://dblp.org/rec/bib2/journals/pvldb/WangWGZCNOS18.bib">BibTex</a>).</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Các công ty như <a href="http://tech.163.com/17/0602/17/CLUL016I00098GJ5.html">NetEase</a>,
+<a href="http://www.yzbigdata.com/en/index.html">yzBigData</a>,
+<a href="https://shentilium.com/">Shentilium</a>, <a href="http://www.foodlg.com/">Foodlg</a> and
+<a href="https://medilot.com/technologies">Medilot</a> đang sử dụng SINGA cho các ứng dụng
+của họ.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="bản-quyền"></a><a href="#bản-quyền" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Bản Quyền</h2>
+<p>SINGA được phát hành bởi
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Bản Quyền Apache phiên bản 2.0</a></p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu"><span>CPU only</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#lịch-sử-phát-triển">Lịch Sử Phát Triển</a></li><li><a href="#bản-quyền">Bản Quyền</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Lịch Sử Phát Triển SINGA · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Lịch Sử Phát Triển SINGA · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="lịch-sử-phát-triển"></a><a href="#lịch-sử-phát-triển" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Lịch Sử Phát Triển</h2>
+<p>SINGA được phát triển bởi DB System Group tại ĐH Quốc Gia Singapore (NUS) vào
+năm 2014, hợp tác với nhóm nghiên cứu cơ sở dữ liệu của ĐH Chiết Giang. Vui lòng
+cite các báo cáo khoa học dưới đây nếu bạn muốn sử dụng SINGA trong nghiên cứu
+của mình:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>B.C. Ooi, K.-L. Tan, S. Wang, W. Wang, Q. Cai, G. Chen, J. Gao, Z. Luo, A. K.
+H. Tung, Y. Wang, Z. Xie, M. Zhang, and K. Zheng.
+<a href="http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~ooibc/singaopen-mm15.pdf">SINGA: A distributed deep learning platform</a>.
+ACM Multimedia (Open Source Software Competition) 2015</p></li>
+<li><p>W. Wang, G. Chen, T. T. A. Dinh, B. C. Ooi, K.-L.Tan, J. Gao, and S. Wang.
+<a href="http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~ooibc/singa-mm15.pdf">SINGA: putting deep learning in the hands of multimedia users</a>.
+ACM Multimedia 2015.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Rafiki là một mô-đun của SINGA. Vui lòng cite các báo cáo khoa học dưới đây nếu
+bạn muốn sử dụng Rafiki trong nghiên cứu của mình:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Wei Wang, Jinyang Gao, Meihui Zhang, Sheng Wang, Gang Chen, Teck Khim Ng, Beng
+Chin Ooi, Jie Shao, Moaz Reyad.
+<a href="http://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol12/p128-wang.pdf">Rafiki: Machine Learning as an Analytics Service System</a>.
+<a href="http://vldb.org/2019/">VLDB 2019</a>
+(<a href="https://dblp.org/rec/bib2/journals/pvldb/WangWGZCNOS18.bib">BibTex</a>).</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Các công ty như <a href="http://tech.163.com/17/0602/17/CLUL016I00098GJ5.html">NetEase</a>,
+<a href="http://www.yzbigdata.com/en/index.html">yzBigData</a>,
+<a href="https://shentilium.com/">Shentilium</a>, <a href="http://www.foodlg.com/">Foodlg</a> and
+<a href="https://medilot.com/technologies">Medilot</a> đang sử dụng SINGA cho các ứng dụng
+của họ.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="bản-quyền"></a><a href="#bản-quyền" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Bản Quyền</h2>
+<p>SINGA được phát hành bởi
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Bản Quyền Apache phiên bản 2.0</a></p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu"><span>CPU only</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#lịch-sử-phát-triển">Lịch Sử Phát Triển</a></li><li><a href="#bản-quyền">Bản Quyền</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+<p>Đây là hướng dẫn chuẩn bị cho việc phát hành
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/dev/release-publishing.html">quá trình chuẩn bị trước khi phát hành</a>
+SINGA.</p>
+<ol>
+<li><p>Lựa chọn người quản lý cho việc phát hành. Người quản lý chịu trách nhiệm
+điều phối quá trình phát hành. Chữ ký của người quản lý (.asc) sẽ được tải
+lên cùng với bản phát hành. Nggười quản lý tạo KEY (RSA 4096-bit) và tải nó
+lên public key server. Để được tin cậy kết nối trên web, người quản lý cần
+các người dùng Apache khác chứng thực (signed) Key của mình. Anh ta trước
+tiên cần yêu cầu mentor giúp chứng thực key.
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/dev/release-signing.html">Cách tạo Key</a>?</p></li>
+<li><p>Kiểm tra bản quyền.
+<a href="https://www.apache.org/legal/src-headers.html#faq-docs">FAQ</a>;
+<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/projects/SINGA/issues/SINGA-447">Các bản SINGA đã phát hành</a></p>
+<ul>
+<li>Nền tảng code không bao gồm code của bên thứ 3 mà không tương thích với
+APL;</li>
+<li>Các chương trình dependencies phải tương thích với APL. Các licenses giống
+với GNU là không tương thích;</li>
+<li>Các tệp tin nguồn viết bởi chúng tôi PHẢI bao gồm license header của
+Apache: <a href="http://www.apache.org/legal/src-headers.html">http://www.apache.org/legal/src-headers.html</a>. Chúng tôi cung cấp
+script để chạy header trên tất cả các tệp tin.</li>
+<li>Cập nhật tệp tin LICENSE. Nếu code có chứa mã code của một bên thứ 3 trong
+bản phát hành mà không phải APL, phải nêu rõ ở phần cuối của tập tin THÔNG
+BÁO.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Nâng cấp phiên bản. Kiểm tra mã code và Tài liệu hướng dẫn</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Quá trình cài đặt không bị lỗi nào.</li>
+<li>Bao gồm tests cho những mục nhỏ (nhiều nhất có thể)</li>
+<li>Gói chương trình Conda chạy không bị lỗi.</li>
+<li>Tài liệu hướng dẫn trực tuyến trên trang web Apache là mới nhất.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Chuẩn bị tệp tin RELEASE_NOTES (Lưu ý phát hành). Bao gồm các mục, Giới
+thiệu, Tính năng nổi bật, Lỗi Bugs, (đường dẫn tới JIRA hoặc Github PR),
+Những thay đổi, Danh sách thư viện Dependency, Các vấn đề không tương thích.
+Làm theo
+<a href="http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-digester/commons-digester-3.0/RELEASE-NOTES.txt">ví dụ</a>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Gói các phiên bản phát hành. Bản phát hành cần được gói gọn thành:
+apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz. Trong bản phát hành không nên chứa bất kì tệp
+tin dạng binary nào, bao gồm cả các tệp tin git. Tuy nhiên, các tệp CMake
+compilation dựa vào git tag để tạo số phiên bản; để bỏ qua dependency này,
+bạn cần cập nhật tệp tin CMakeLists.txt theo cách thủ công để tạo số phiên
+bản.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"># xoá các dòng sau
+include(GetGitRevisionDescription)
+git_describe(VERSION --tags --dirty=-d)
+<span class="hljs-type">string</span>(REGEX REPLACE <span class="hljs-string">"^([0-9]+)<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>..*"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>1"</span> VERSION_MAJOR <span class="hljs-string">"${VERSION}"</span>)
+<span class="hljs-type">string</span>(REGEX REPLACE <span class="hljs-string">"^[0-9]+<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>.([0-9]+).*"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>1"</span> VERSION_MINOR <span class="hljs-string">"${VERSION}"</span>)
+<span class="hljs-type">string</span>(REGEX REPLACE <span class="hljs-string">"^[0-9]+<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>.[0-9]+<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>.([0-9]+).*"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>1"</span> VERSION_PATCH <span class="hljs-string">"${VERSION}"</span>)
+
+# thay đổi số
+SET(PACKAGE_VERSION <span class="hljs-number">3.0</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>)
+SET(VERSION <span class="hljs-number">3.0</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>)
+SET(SINGA_MAJOR_VERSION <span class="hljs-number">3</span>) # <span class="hljs-number">0</span> -
+SET(SINGA_MINOR_VERSION <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) # <span class="hljs-number">0</span> - <span class="hljs-number">9</span>
+SET(SINGA_PATCH_VERSION <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) # <span class="hljs-number">0</span> - <span class="hljs-number">99</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Tải gói chương trình lên
+<a href="https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/">stage repo</a>. Cần bao gồm các
+tệp tin tar, signature, KEY và tệp tin SHA256 checksum. Không sử dụng MD5.
+Xem chính sách tại
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/dev/release-distribution#sigs-and-sums">đây</a>. Thư mục
+stage cần bao gồm:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz</li>
+<li>apache-singa-VERSION.acs</li>
+<li>apache-singa-VERSION.SHA256</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Các lệnh để tạo tệp tin và tải chúng lên stage svn repo:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh"><span class="hljs-comment"># trong singa repo</span>
+rm -rf .git
+rm -rf rafiki/*
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> ..
+tar -czvf apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz singa/
+
+mkdir stage
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> stage
+svn co https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> singa
+<span class="hljs-comment"># copy tệp tin KEYS từ singa repo sang thư mục này nếu không có</span>
+cp ../../singa/KEYS .
+mkdir VERSION
+<span class="hljs-comment"># copy tệp tin tar.gz</span>
+mv ../../apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz VERSION/
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> VERSION
+sha512sum apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz > apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz.sha512
+gpg --armor --output apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz.asc --detach-sig apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> ..
+svn add VERSION
+svn commit
+</code></pre></li>
+</ol>
+<ol start="6">
+<li><p>Kêu gọi vote bằng cách gửi email. Xem ví dụ dưới đây.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-attribute">To</span>: dev<span class="hljs-variable">@singa</span>.apache.org
+<span class="hljs-attribute">Subject</span>: [VOTE] Release apache-singa-X.Y.Z (release candidate N)
+
+Hi all,
+
+I have created a build for Apache SINGA <span class="hljs-number">3.1</span>.<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, release candidate <span class="hljs-number">2</span>.
+
+The release note is at
+<span class="hljs-attribute">https</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/RELEASE_NOTES.</span>
+
+The artifacts to be voted on are located <span class="hljs-attribute">here</span>:
+<span class="hljs-attribute">https</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/3.1.0.rc2/apache-singa-3.1.0.rc2.tar.gz</span>
+
+The hashes of the artifacts are as <span class="hljs-attribute">follows</span>:
+<span class="hljs-attribute">SHA512</span>: <span class="hljs-number">84545499</span>ad36da108c6a599edd1d853f82d331bc03273b5278515554866f0c698e881f956b2eabcb6b29c07fa9fa4ff1add5a777b58db8a6a2362cf383b5c04d
+
+Release artifacts are signed with the <span class="hljs-attribute">followingkey</span>:
+<span class="hljs-attribute">https</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/KEYS</span>
+
+The signature file <span class="hljs-attribute">is</span>:
+<span class="hljs-attribute">https</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/3.1.0.rc2/apache-singa-3.1.0.rc2.tar.gz.asc</span>
+
+The Github tag is <span class="hljs-attribute">at</span>:
+<span class="hljs-attribute">https</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//github.com/apache/singa/releases/tag/3.1.0.rc2</span>
+
+The documentation website is at
+<span class="hljs-attribute">http</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//singa.apache.org/docs/next/installation/</span>
+
+Some examples are available for <span class="hljs-attribute">testing</span>:
+<span class="hljs-attribute">https</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//github.com/apache/singa/tree/master/examples</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+</ol>
+<p>Please vote on releasing this package. The vote is open for at least 72 hours
+and passes if a majority of at least three +1 votes are cast.</p>
+<p>[ ] +1 Release this package as Apache SINGA X.Y.Z [ ] 0 I don't feel strongly
+about it, but I'm okay with the release [ ] -1 Do not release this package
+because...</p>
+<p>Here is my vote: +1</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">
+<span class="hljs-number">7</span>) Sau đó đợi í<span class="hljs-built_in">t</span> nhấ<span class="hljs-built_in">t</span> <span class="hljs-number">48</span> giờ để nhậ<span class="hljs-built_in">n</span> phả<span class="hljs-built_in">n</span> hồi. Bấ<span class="hljs-built_in">t</span> kì PMC, committer hay contributor
+đều có thể kiểm tra các <span class="hljs-built_in">t</span>ính <span class="hljs-built_in">n</span>ăng trước khi phá<span class="hljs-built_in">t</span> hành, và đưa ra nhậ<span class="hljs-built_in">n</span> xét. Mọi người <span class="hljs-built_in">n</span>ê<span class="hljs-built_in">n</span> kiểm tra trước khi
+đưa ra vote +<span class="hljs-number">1</span>. <span class="hljs-built_in">N</span>ếu vote được thông qua, vui lòng gửi email kế<span class="hljs-built_in">t</span> quả. <span class="hljs-built_in">N</span>ếu không thì cầ<span class="hljs-built_in">n</span> lặp lại trình <span class="hljs-built_in">t</span>ự <span class="hljs-built_in">t</span>ừ đầu.
+
+</code></pre>
+<p>To: <a href="mailto:dev@singa.apache.org">dev@singa.apache.org</a> Subject: [RESULT][vote] Release apache-singa-X.Y.Z
+(release candidate N)</p>
+<p>Thanks to everyone who has voted and given their comments. The tally is as
+follows.</p>
+<p>N binding +1s: <names></p>
+<p>N non-binding +1s: <names></p>
+<p>No 0s or -1s.</p>
+<p>I am delighted to announce that the proposal to release Apache SINGA X.Y.Z has
+passed.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">
+8) Tải gói chương trình để
+[<span class="hljs-string">phân bổ</span>](<span class="hljs-link">http://www.apache.org/dev/release-publishing.html#distribution</span>)
+tới https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/release/singa/.
+
+9) Cập nhật trang Tải (Download) trên website SINGA. Tệp tin tar.gz PHẢI được tải từ mirror, sử dụng closer.cgi script; các tạo tác khác PHẢI được tải từ trang chủ Apache. Xem chi tiết tại
+[<span class="hljs-string">đây</span>](<span class="hljs-link">http://www.apache.org/dev/release-download-pages.html</span>). Một vài nhận xét chúng tôi nhận được trong các đợt phát hành trước: "Trang Tải chỉ nên được dẫn tới các bản phát hành chính thức, vì vậy phải bao gồm đường dẫn tới GitHub.", "Đường dẫn tới KEYS, sigs và
+hashes không nên sử dụng dist.apache.org; mà nên dùng
+https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/...;", "Và bạn chỉ cần một đường dẫn tới KEYS,
+và cần có hướng dẫn cách sử dụng KEYS + sig hay hash để chứng thực hoàn tất việc tải."
+
+10) Xoá tag RC và tập hợp gói conda packages.
+
+11) Xuất bản thông tin phát hành.
+
+ <span class="hljs-code">```</span>
+ To: announce@apache.org, dev@singa.apache.org
+ Subject: [ANNOUNCE] Apache SINGA X.Y.Z released
+
+ We are pleased to announce that SINGA X.Y.Z is released.
+
+ SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform
+ for training big deep learning models over large datasets.
+ The release is available at: http://singa.apache.org/downloads.html
+ The main features of this release include XXX
+ We look forward to hearing your feedback, suggestions,
+ and contributions to the project.
+
+ On behalf of the SINGA team, {SINGA Team Member Name}
+ <span class="hljs-code">```</span>
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Chuẩn bị trước khi phát hành · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Chuẩn bị trước khi phát hành · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Viet</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Development</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Getting Started</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/installation">Cài đặt</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/software-stack">Software Stack</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/examples">Ví Dụ</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Guides</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/device">Device</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/tensor">Tensor</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/autograd">Autograd</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/optimizer">Optimizer</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/graph">Model</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/onnx">ONNX</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/dist-train">Distributed Training</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/time-profiling">Time Profiling</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Development</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/downloads">Tải SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/build">Cài đặt SINGA từ Nguồn (Source)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/contribute-code">Tham gia viết code</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/contribute-docs">Tham gia chỉnh sửa Hướng Dẫn Sử Dụng</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/how-to-release">Chuẩn bị trước khi phát hành</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/git-workflow">Quy Trình Sử Dụng Git</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+<p>Đây là hướng dẫn chuẩn bị cho việc phát hành
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/dev/release-publishing.html">quá trình chuẩn bị trước khi phát hành</a>
+SINGA.</p>
+<ol>
+<li><p>Lựa chọn người quản lý cho việc phát hành. Người quản lý chịu trách nhiệm
+điều phối quá trình phát hành. Chữ ký của người quản lý (.asc) sẽ được tải
+lên cùng với bản phát hành. Nggười quản lý tạo KEY (RSA 4096-bit) và tải nó
+lên public key server. Để được tin cậy kết nối trên web, người quản lý cần
+các người dùng Apache khác chứng thực (signed) Key của mình. Anh ta trước
+tiên cần yêu cầu mentor giúp chứng thực key.
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/dev/release-signing.html">Cách tạo Key</a>?</p></li>
+<li><p>Kiểm tra bản quyền.
+<a href="https://www.apache.org/legal/src-headers.html#faq-docs">FAQ</a>;
+<a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/projects/SINGA/issues/SINGA-447">Các bản SINGA đã phát hành</a></p>
+<ul>
+<li>Nền tảng code không bao gồm code của bên thứ 3 mà không tương thích với
+APL;</li>
+<li>Các chương trình dependencies phải tương thích với APL. Các licenses giống
+với GNU là không tương thích;</li>
+<li>Các tệp tin nguồn viết bởi chúng tôi PHẢI bao gồm license header của
+Apache: <a href="http://www.apache.org/legal/src-headers.html">http://www.apache.org/legal/src-headers.html</a>. Chúng tôi cung cấp
+script để chạy header trên tất cả các tệp tin.</li>
+<li>Cập nhật tệp tin LICENSE. Nếu code có chứa mã code của một bên thứ 3 trong
+bản phát hành mà không phải APL, phải nêu rõ ở phần cuối của tập tin THÔNG
+BÁO.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Nâng cấp phiên bản. Kiểm tra mã code và Tài liệu hướng dẫn</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Quá trình cài đặt không bị lỗi nào.</li>
+<li>Bao gồm tests cho những mục nhỏ (nhiều nhất có thể)</li>
+<li>Gói chương trình Conda chạy không bị lỗi.</li>
+<li>Tài liệu hướng dẫn trực tuyến trên trang web Apache là mới nhất.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Chuẩn bị tệp tin RELEASE_NOTES (Lưu ý phát hành). Bao gồm các mục, Giới
+thiệu, Tính năng nổi bật, Lỗi Bugs, (đường dẫn tới JIRA hoặc Github PR),
+Những thay đổi, Danh sách thư viện Dependency, Các vấn đề không tương thích.
+Làm theo
+<a href="http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-digester/commons-digester-3.0/RELEASE-NOTES.txt">ví dụ</a>.</p></li>
+<li><p>Gói các phiên bản phát hành. Bản phát hành cần được gói gọn thành:
+apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz. Trong bản phát hành không nên chứa bất kì tệp
+tin dạng binary nào, bao gồm cả các tệp tin git. Tuy nhiên, các tệp CMake
+compilation dựa vào git tag để tạo số phiên bản; để bỏ qua dependency này,
+bạn cần cập nhật tệp tin CMakeLists.txt theo cách thủ công để tạo số phiên
+bản.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"># xoá các dòng sau
+include(GetGitRevisionDescription)
+git_describe(VERSION --tags --dirty=-d)
+<span class="hljs-type">string</span>(REGEX REPLACE <span class="hljs-string">"^([0-9]+)<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>..*"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>1"</span> VERSION_MAJOR <span class="hljs-string">"${VERSION}"</span>)
+<span class="hljs-type">string</span>(REGEX REPLACE <span class="hljs-string">"^[0-9]+<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>.([0-9]+).*"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>1"</span> VERSION_MINOR <span class="hljs-string">"${VERSION}"</span>)
+<span class="hljs-type">string</span>(REGEX REPLACE <span class="hljs-string">"^[0-9]+<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>.[0-9]+<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>.([0-9]+).*"</span> <span class="hljs-string">"<span class="hljs-subst">\\</span>1"</span> VERSION_PATCH <span class="hljs-string">"${VERSION}"</span>)
+
+# thay đổi số
+SET(PACKAGE_VERSION <span class="hljs-number">3.0</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>)
+SET(VERSION <span class="hljs-number">3.0</span><span class="hljs-number">.0</span>)
+SET(SINGA_MAJOR_VERSION <span class="hljs-number">3</span>) # <span class="hljs-number">0</span> -
+SET(SINGA_MINOR_VERSION <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) # <span class="hljs-number">0</span> - <span class="hljs-number">9</span>
+SET(SINGA_PATCH_VERSION <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) # <span class="hljs-number">0</span> - <span class="hljs-number">99</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Tải gói chương trình lên
+<a href="https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/">stage repo</a>. Cần bao gồm các
+tệp tin tar, signature, KEY và tệp tin SHA256 checksum. Không sử dụng MD5.
+Xem chính sách tại
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/dev/release-distribution#sigs-and-sums">đây</a>. Thư mục
+stage cần bao gồm:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz</li>
+<li>apache-singa-VERSION.acs</li>
+<li>apache-singa-VERSION.SHA256</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Các lệnh để tạo tệp tin và tải chúng lên stage svn repo:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-sh"><span class="hljs-comment"># trong singa repo</span>
+rm -rf .git
+rm -rf rafiki/*
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> ..
+tar -czvf apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz singa/
+
+mkdir stage
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> stage
+svn co https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> singa
+<span class="hljs-comment"># copy tệp tin KEYS từ singa repo sang thư mục này nếu không có</span>
+cp ../../singa/KEYS .
+mkdir VERSION
+<span class="hljs-comment"># copy tệp tin tar.gz</span>
+mv ../../apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz VERSION/
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> VERSION
+sha512sum apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz > apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz.sha512
+gpg --armor --output apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz.asc --detach-sig apache-singa-VERSION.tar.gz
+<span class="hljs-built_in">cd</span> ..
+svn add VERSION
+svn commit
+</code></pre></li>
+</ol>
+<ol start="6">
+<li><p>Kêu gọi vote bằng cách gửi email. Xem ví dụ dưới đây.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-attribute">To</span>: dev<span class="hljs-variable">@singa</span>.apache.org
+<span class="hljs-attribute">Subject</span>: [VOTE] Release apache-singa-X.Y.Z (release candidate N)
+
+Hi all,
+
+I have created a build for Apache SINGA <span class="hljs-number">3.1</span>.<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, release candidate <span class="hljs-number">2</span>.
+
+The release note is at
+<span class="hljs-attribute">https</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/RELEASE_NOTES.</span>
+
+The artifacts to be voted on are located <span class="hljs-attribute">here</span>:
+<span class="hljs-attribute">https</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/3.1.0.rc2/apache-singa-3.1.0.rc2.tar.gz</span>
+
+The hashes of the artifacts are as <span class="hljs-attribute">follows</span>:
+<span class="hljs-attribute">SHA512</span>: <span class="hljs-number">84545499</span>ad36da108c6a599edd1d853f82d331bc03273b5278515554866f0c698e881f956b2eabcb6b29c07fa9fa4ff1add5a777b58db8a6a2362cf383b5c04d
+
+Release artifacts are signed with the <span class="hljs-attribute">followingkey</span>:
+<span class="hljs-attribute">https</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/KEYS</span>
+
+The signature file <span class="hljs-attribute">is</span>:
+<span class="hljs-attribute">https</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/singa/3.1.0.rc2/apache-singa-3.1.0.rc2.tar.gz.asc</span>
+
+The Github tag is <span class="hljs-attribute">at</span>:
+<span class="hljs-attribute">https</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//github.com/apache/singa/releases/tag/3.1.0.rc2</span>
+
+The documentation website is at
+<span class="hljs-attribute">http</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//singa.apache.org/docs/next/installation/</span>
+
+Some examples are available for <span class="hljs-attribute">testing</span>:
+<span class="hljs-attribute">https</span>:<span class="hljs-comment">//github.com/apache/singa/tree/master/examples</span>
+</code></pre></li>
+</ol>
+<p>Please vote on releasing this package. The vote is open for at least 72 hours
+and passes if a majority of at least three +1 votes are cast.</p>
+<p>[ ] +1 Release this package as Apache SINGA X.Y.Z [ ] 0 I don't feel strongly
+about it, but I'm okay with the release [ ] -1 Do not release this package
+because...</p>
+<p>Here is my vote: +1</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">
+<span class="hljs-number">7</span>) Sau đó đợi í<span class="hljs-built_in">t</span> nhấ<span class="hljs-built_in">t</span> <span class="hljs-number">48</span> giờ để nhậ<span class="hljs-built_in">n</span> phả<span class="hljs-built_in">n</span> hồi. Bấ<span class="hljs-built_in">t</span> kì PMC, committer hay contributor
+đều có thể kiểm tra các <span class="hljs-built_in">t</span>ính <span class="hljs-built_in">n</span>ăng trước khi phá<span class="hljs-built_in">t</span> hành, và đưa ra nhậ<span class="hljs-built_in">n</span> xét. Mọi người <span class="hljs-built_in">n</span>ê<span class="hljs-built_in">n</span> kiểm tra trước khi
+đưa ra vote +<span class="hljs-number">1</span>. <span class="hljs-built_in">N</span>ếu vote được thông qua, vui lòng gửi email kế<span class="hljs-built_in">t</span> quả. <span class="hljs-built_in">N</span>ếu không thì cầ<span class="hljs-built_in">n</span> lặp lại trình <span class="hljs-built_in">t</span>ự <span class="hljs-built_in">t</span>ừ đầu.
+
+</code></pre>
+<p>To: <a href="mailto:dev@singa.apache.org">dev@singa.apache.org</a> Subject: [RESULT][vote] Release apache-singa-X.Y.Z
+(release candidate N)</p>
+<p>Thanks to everyone who has voted and given their comments. The tally is as
+follows.</p>
+<p>N binding +1s: <names></p>
+<p>N non-binding +1s: <names></p>
+<p>No 0s or -1s.</p>
+<p>I am delighted to announce that the proposal to release Apache SINGA X.Y.Z has
+passed.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">
+8) Tải gói chương trình để
+[<span class="hljs-string">phân bổ</span>](<span class="hljs-link">http://www.apache.org/dev/release-publishing.html#distribution</span>)
+tới https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/release/singa/.
+
+9) Cập nhật trang Tải (Download) trên website SINGA. Tệp tin tar.gz PHẢI được tải từ mirror, sử dụng closer.cgi script; các tạo tác khác PHẢI được tải từ trang chủ Apache. Xem chi tiết tại
+[<span class="hljs-string">đây</span>](<span class="hljs-link">http://www.apache.org/dev/release-download-pages.html</span>). Một vài nhận xét chúng tôi nhận được trong các đợt phát hành trước: "Trang Tải chỉ nên được dẫn tới các bản phát hành chính thức, vì vậy phải bao gồm đường dẫn tới GitHub.", "Đường dẫn tới KEYS, sigs và
+hashes không nên sử dụng dist.apache.org; mà nên dùng
+https://www.apache.org/dist/singa/...;", "Và bạn chỉ cần một đường dẫn tới KEYS,
+và cần có hướng dẫn cách sử dụng KEYS + sig hay hash để chứng thực hoàn tất việc tải."
+
+10) Xoá tag RC và tập hợp gói conda packages.
+
+11) Xuất bản thông tin phát hành.
+
+ <span class="hljs-code">```</span>
+ To: announce@apache.org, dev@singa.apache.org
+ Subject: [ANNOUNCE] Apache SINGA X.Y.Z released
+
+ We are pleased to announce that SINGA X.Y.Z is released.
+
+ SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform
+ for training big deep learning models over large datasets.
+ The release is available at: http://singa.apache.org/downloads.html
+ The main features of this release include XXX
+ We look forward to hearing your feedback, suggestions,
+ and contributions to the project.
+
+ On behalf of the SINGA team, {SINGA Team Member Name}
+ <span class="hljs-code">```</span>
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
+ if (e.target !== document.body) {
+ return;
+ }
+ // keyCode for '/' (slash)
+ if (e.keyCode === 191) {
+ const search = document.getElementById('search_input_react');
+ search && search.focus();
+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
+ apiKey: '45202133606c0b5fa6d21cddc4725dd8',
+ indexName: 'apache_singa',
+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
+ algoliaOptions: {"facetFilters":["language:en","version:3.0.0"]}
+ });
+ </script></body></html>
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new file mode 100644
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+++ b/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/install-win.html
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Cách cài SINGA trên Windows · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Cách cài SINGA trên Windows · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Viet</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/install-win.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Cách cài SINGA trên Windows</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>Quá trình cài đặt SINGA từ nguồn sử dụng Microsoft Windows bao gồm bốn bước: cài
+đặt thư viện dependencies, cài SINGA từ nguồn, (không bắt buộc) cài đặt python
+module và (không bắt buộc) chạy thử unit tests.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cài-đặt-thư-viện-dependencies"></a><a href="#cài-đặt-thư-viện-dependencies" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Cài đặt thư viện dependencies</h2>
+<p>Bạn có thể tạo một thư mục để cài đặt thư viện dependencies.</p>
+<p>Các thư viện dependencies bao gồm:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Compiler và IDE</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Visual Studio. Công cụ biên tập mã này miễn phí và có thể được dùng trong
+việc cài đặt SINGA. <a href="https://www.visualstudio.com/">https://www.visualstudio.com/</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>CMake</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Có thể tải về qua <a href="http://cmake.org/">http://cmake.org/</a></li>
+<li>Đảm bảo đường dẫn khả thi của cmake nằm trong đường dẫn chương trình system
+path, hoặc sử dụng đường dẫn đầy đủ khi gọi hàm cmake.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>SWIG</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Có thể tải từ <a href="http://swig.org/">http://swig.org/</a></li>
+<li>Đảm bảo đường dẫn khả thi của swig nằm trong đường dẫn chương trình system
+path, hoặc sử dụng đường dẫn đầy đủ khi gọi hàm swig. Sử dụng các phiên bản
+cập nhật như 3.0.12.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Protocol Buffers</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Tải các phiên bản phù hợp như 2.6.1:
+<a href="https://github.com/google/protobuf/releases/tag/v2.6.1">https://github.com/google/protobuf/releases/tag/v2.6.1</a> .</li>
+<li>Tải cả hai tệp protobuf-2.6.1.zip và protoc-2.6.1-win32.zip .</li>
+<li>Giải nén cả hai tệp trên trong thư mục thư viện dependencies. Thêm đường dẫn
+khả thi cho protoc vào system path, hoặc sử dụng đường dẫn đầy đủ khi gọi
+hàm này.</li>
+<li>Mở Visual Studio solution có thể tìm trong thư mục vsproject.</li>
+<li>Thay đổi cài đặt thiết lập Settings tới Release and x64.</li>
+<li>Cài đặt libprotobuf project.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Openblas</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Tải phiên bản nguồn phù hợp như 0.2.20 từ <a href="http://www.openblas.net">http://www.openblas.net</a></li>
+<li>Giải nén nguồn trong thư mục thư viện dependencies.</li>
+<li>Nếu bạn không có chương trình Perl, tải perl environment như Strawberry Perl
+(<a href="http://strawberryperl.com/">http://strawberryperl.com/</a>)</li>
+<li>Cài đặt Visual Studio solution bằng lệnh sau từ thư mục nguồn:</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">cmake -G <span class="hljs-string">"Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>Mở Visual Studio solution và thay đổi cấu hình cài đặt cho Release and x64.</li>
+<li>Cài libopenblas project</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Google glog</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Tải phiên bản phù hợp như 0.3.5 từ <a href="https://github.com/google/glog/releases">https://github.com/google/glog/releases</a></li>
+<li>Giải nén nguồn trong thư mục thư viện dependencies.</li>
+<li>Mở Visual Studio solution.</li>
+<li>Thay đổi cài đặt thiết lập Settings tới Release and x64.</li>
+<li>Cài đặt libglog project</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cài-singa-từ-nguồn"></a><a href="#cài-singa-từ-nguồn" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Cài SINGA từ nguồn</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Tải code nguồn của SINGA</p></li>
+<li><p>Cấu tạo các tệp protobuf:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Tới thư mục src/proto</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir python_out
+protoc.exe *.proto --python_out python_out
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Tạo swig interfaces cho C++ và Python: Tới mục src/api</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">swig -python -c++ singa.i
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Tạo Visual Studio solution cho SINGA: Đi tới thư mục nguồn SINGA</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir build
+cd build
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Gọi hàm cmake và thêm đường dẫn vào trong system của bạn, tương tự như ví dụ
+sau:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64" ^
+ -DGLOG_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/glog-0.3.5/src/windows" ^
+ -DGLOG_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/glog-0.3.5/x64/Release" ^
+ -DCBLAS_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/openblas-0.2.20/lapack-netlib/CBLAS/include" ^
+ -DCBLAS_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/openblas-0.2.20/lib/RELEASE" ^
+ -DProtobuf_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protobuf-2.6.1/src" ^
+ -DProtobuf_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protobuf-2.6.1/vsprojects/x64/Release" ^
+ -DProtobuf_PROTOC_EXECUTABLE="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protoc-2.6.1-win32/protoc.exe" ^
+ ..
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Mở generated solution trong Visual Studio</p></li>
+<li><p>Thay đổi cài đặt thiết lập Settings tới Release and x64</p></li>
+<li><p>Thêm tệp tin singa_wrap.cxx từ src/api tới singa_objects project</p></li>
+<li><p>Trong singa_objects project, mở Additional Include Directories.</p></li>
+<li><p>Thêm Python bao gồm đường dẫn</p></li>
+<li><p>Thêm numpy bao gồm đường dẫn</p></li>
+<li><p>Thêm protobuf bao gồm đường dẫn</p></li>
+<li><p>Trong định nghĩa preprocessor của singa_objects project, thêm USE_GLOG</p></li>
+<li><p>Sử dụng singa_objects project</p></li>
+<li><p>Trong singa project:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>thêm singa_wrap.obj vào Thư viện Object</li>
+<li>đổi tên mục target thành _singa_wrap</li>
+<li>đổi định dạng tệp target thành .pyd</li>
+<li>đổi định dạng cấu hình sang Dynamic Library (.dll)</li>
+<li>đi tới Additional Library Directories và thêm đường dẫn vào các thư viện
+python, openblas, protobuf và glog</li>
+<li>đi tới các thư viện Dependencies bổ sung để thêm libopenblas.lib,
+libglog.lib và libprotobuf.lib</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>tạo singa project</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cài-đặt-python-module"></a><a href="#cài-đặt-python-module" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Cài đặt Python module</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Đổi <code>_singa_wrap.so</code> thành <code>_singa_wrap.pyd</code> trong build/python/setup.py</p></li>
+<li><p>Copy các tệp tin trong <code>src/proto/python_out</code> sang <code>build/python/singa/proto</code></p></li>
+<li><p>Không bắt buộc, tạo và kích hoạt virtual environment:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir SingaEnv
+virtualenv SingaEnv
+SingaEnv\Scripts\activate
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>tới thư mục build/python và chạy:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python setup.py install
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Sử dụng _singa_wrap.pyd, libglog.dll và libopenblas.dll bằng cách thêm chúng
+vào đường dẫn hoặc copy chúng vào thư mục gói chương trình singa trong gói
+python site-packages</p></li>
+<li><p>Xác nhận SINGA đã được cài đặt bằng cách chạy:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python -c "from singa import tensor"
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Tham khảo video quá trình cài đặt tại đây:</p>
+<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cteER7WeiGk"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/cteER7WeiGk/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="chạy-unit-tests"></a><a href="#chạy-unit-tests" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Chạy Unit Tests</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Trong thư mục test, tạo Visual Studio solution:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Mở generated solution trong Visual Studio.</p></li>
+<li><p>Thay đổi cài đặt thiết lập Settings tới Release and x64.</p></li>
+<li><p>Tạo glog project.</p></li>
+<li><p>Trong mục test_singa project:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Thêm USE_GLOG vào Định nghĩa Preprocessor.</li>
+<li>Trong Additional Include Directories, thêm đường dẫn của GLOG_INCLUDE_DIR,
+CBLAS_INCLUDE_DIR và Protobuf_INCLUDE_DIR đã được dùng ở bước 2 bên trên.
+Đồng thời tạo và tạo/bao gồm các thư mục.</li>
+<li>Đi tới Additional Library Directories và thêm đường dẫn vào thư viện
+openblas, protobuf và glog. Thêm build/src/singa_objects.dir/Release.</li>
+<li>Tới Thư viện Dependencies bổ sung và thêm libopenblas.lib, libglog.lib và
+libprotobuf.lib. Sửa tên của hai thư viện: gtest.lib và singa_objects.lib.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Cài test_singa project.</p></li>
+<li><p>Sử dụng libglog.dll và libopenblas.dll bằng cách thêm chúng vào đường dẫn hoặc
+copy chúng vào thư mục test/release.</p></li>
+<li><p>Tiến hành unit tests bằng cách</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Từ dòng lệnh:</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">test_singa.exe
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>Từ Visual Studio:
+<ul>
+<li>ấn chuột phải tại test_singa project và chọn 'Set as StartUp Project'.</li>
+<li>Từ mục Debug menu, chọn 'Start Without Debugging'</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Tham khảo video hướng dẫn chạy unit tests tại đây:</p>
+<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=393gPtzMN1k"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/393gPtzMN1k/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cài-đặt-hỗ-trợ-gpu-với-cuda"></a><a href="#cài-đặt-hỗ-trợ-gpu-với-cuda" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Cài đặt hỗ trợ GPU với CUDA</h2>
+<p>Trong mục này, chúng tôi sẽ mở rộng các bước phía trên để sử dụng GPU.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cài-đặt-thư-viện-dependencies-1"></a><a href="#cài-đặt-thư-viện-dependencies-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Cài đặt thư viện Dependencies</h3>
+<p>Ngoài các thư viện dependencies ở mục 1 phía trên, chúng ta cần:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>CUDA</p>
+<p>Tải phiên bản phù hợp như 9.1 từ <a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads">https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads</a> .
+Đảm bảo bạn cài đặt Visual Studio integration module.</p></li>
+<li><p>cuDNN</p>
+<p>Tải phiên bản phù hợp như 7.1 từ <a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn">https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn</a></p></li>
+<li><p>cnmem:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Tải phiên bản mới nhất tại <a href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/cnmem">https://github.com/NVIDIA/cnmem</a></li>
+<li>Tạo Visual Studio solution:</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>Mở generated solution trong Visual Studio.</li>
+<li>Thay đổi cài đặt thiết lập Settings tới Release and x64.</li>
+<li>Tạo cnmem project.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cài-singa-từ-nguồn-1"></a><a href="#cài-singa-từ-nguồn-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Cài SINGA từ nguồn</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>Gọi hàm cmake và thêm đường dẫn vào trong system của bạn, tương tự như ví dụ
+sau:
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64" ^
+ -DGLOG_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/glog-0.3.5/src/windows" ^
+ -DGLOG_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/glog-0.3.5/x64/Release" ^
+ -DCBLAS_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/openblas-0.2.20/lapack-netlib/CBLAS/include" ^
+ -DCBLAS_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/openblas-0.2.20/lib/RELEASE" ^
+ -DProtobuf_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protobuf-2.6.1/src" ^
+ -DProtobuf_LIBRARIES="D:\WinSinga/dependencies/protobuf-2.6.1/vsprojects/x64/Release" ^
+ -DProtobuf_PROTOC_EXECUTABLE="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protoc-2.6.1-win32/protoc.exe" ^
+ -DCUDNN_INCLUDE_DIR=D:\WinSinga\dependencies\cudnn-9.1-windows10-x64-v7.1\cuda\include ^
+ -DCUDNN_LIBRARIES=D:\WinSinga\dependencies\cudnn-9.1-windows10-x64-v7.1\cuda\lib\x64 ^
+ -DSWIG_DIR=D:\WinSinga\dependencies\swigwin-3.0.12 ^
+ -DSWIG_EXECUTABLE=D:\WinSinga\dependencies\swigwin-3.0.12\swig.exe ^
+ -DUSE_CUDA=YES ^
+ -DCUDNN_VERSION=7 ^
+ ..
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Tạo swig interfaces cho C++ và Python: Tới mục src/api</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">swig -python -c++ singa.i
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Mở generated solution trong Visual Studio</p></li>
+<li><p>Thay đổi cài đặt thiết lập Settings tới Release and x64.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tạo-singa_objects"></a><a href="#tạo-singa_objects" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tạo singa_objects</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>Thêm tệp tin singa_wrap.cxx từ src/api tới singa_objects project</li>
+<li>Trong singa_objects project, mở Additional Include Directories.</li>
+<li>Thêm Python bao gồm đường dẫn</li>
+<li>Thêm numpy bao gồm đường dẫn</li>
+<li>Thêm protobuf bao gồm đường dẫn</li>
+<li>Bổ sung bao gồm đường dẫn cho CUDA, cuDNN và cnmem</li>
+<li>Trong định nghĩa preprocessor của singa_objects project, thêm USE_GLOG,
+USE_CUDA và USE_CUDNN. Xoá DISABLE_WARNINGS.</li>
+<li>Tạo singa_objects project</li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tạo-singa-kernel"></a><a href="#tạo-singa-kernel" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tạo singa-kernel</h4>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Tạo một Visual Studio project mới dưới dạng "CUDA 9.1 Runtime". Đặt tên dạng
+như singa-kernel.</p></li>
+<li><p>project này chứa sẵn một tệp tin là kernel.cu. Xoá tệp tin này khỏi project.</p></li>
+<li><p>Thêm tệp tin này: src/core/tensor/math_kernel.cu</p></li>
+<li><p>Trong mục cài đặt project:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Đặt Platform Toolset sang dạng "Visual Studio 2015 (v140)"</li>
+<li>Đổi Configuration Type sang " Static Library (.lib)"</li>
+<li>Trong mục Include Directories, thêm vào build/include.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Tạo singa-kernel project</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cài-đặt-singa"></a><a href="#cài-đặt-singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Cài đặt singa</h4>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Trong singa project:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>thêm singa_wrap.obj vào Object Libraries</li>
+<li>đổi tên target thành _singa_wrap</li>
+<li>đổi định dạng target sang .pyd</li>
+<li>đổi định dạng cấu hình sang Dynamic Library (.dll)</li>
+<li>đi tới Additional Library Directories và thêm đường dẫn vào các thư viện
+python, openblas, protobuf và glog</li>
+<li>thêm các đường dẫn thư viện cho singa-kernel, cnmem, cuda và cudnn.</li>
+<li>đi tới các thư viện Dependencies bổ sung để thêm libopenblas.lib,
+libglog.lib và libprotobuf.lib</li>
+<li>Đồng thời thêm: singa-kernel.lib, cnmem.lib, cudnn.lib, cuda.lib ,
+cublas.lib, curand.lib và cudart.lib.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>tạo singa project</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cài-đặt-python-module-1"></a><a href="#cài-đặt-python-module-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Cài đặt Python module</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Đổi tên _singa_wrap.so sang _singa_wrap.pyd trong mục build/python/setup.py</p></li>
+<li><p>Copy các tệp tin trong src/proto/python_out sang build/python/singa/proto</p></li>
+<li><p>Không bắt buộc, tạo và kích hoạt virtual environment:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir SingaEnv
+virtualenv SingaEnv
+SingaEnv\Scripts\activate
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>tới thư mục build/python và chạy:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python setup.py install
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Sử dụng _singa_wrap.pyd, libglog.dll, libopenblas.dll, cnmem.dll, CUDA
+Runtime (e.g. cudart64_91.dll) và cuDNN (e.g. cudnn64_7.dll) bằng cách thêm
+chúng vào đường dẫn hoặc copy chúng vào thư mục gói chương trình singa trong
+gói python site-packages</p></li>
+<li><p>Xác nhận SINGA đã được cài đặt bằng cách chạy:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python -c "from singa import device; dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()"
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Tham khảo video hướng dẫn cho mục này tại đây:</p>
+<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YasKVjRtuDs"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YasKVjRtuDs/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="run-unit-tests"></a><a href="#run-unit-tests" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Run Unit Tests</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Trong thư mục tests, tạo Visual Studio solution:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Mở solution được tạo trong Visual Studio, hoặc thêm project vào singa solution
+đã được tạo ở bước 5.2</p></li>
+<li><p>Thay đổi cài đặt thiết lập Settings tới Release and x64.</p></li>
+<li><p>Tạo glog project.</p></li>
+<li><p>Trong test_singa project:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Thêm USE_GLOG; USE_CUDA; USE_CUDNN vào Định Nghĩa Preprocessor.</li>
+<li>Trong Thư viện Dependencies bổ sung, thêm đường dẫn của GLOG_INCLUDE_DIR,
+CBLAS_INCLUDE_DIR và Protobuf_INCLUDE_DIR đã được sử dụng tại bước 5.2 ở
+trên. Và thêm build, build/include, CUDA và cuDNN bao gồm thư mục.</li>
+<li>Tới Thư viện Dependencies bổ sung và thêm đường dẫn của thư viện openblas,
+protobuf và glog. Và thêm đường dẫn thư viện của
+build/src/singa_objects.dir/Release, singa-kernel, cnmem, CUDA và cuDNN.</li>
+<li>Tới Thư viện Dependencies bổ sung và thêm libopenblas.lib; libglog.lib;
+libprotobuf.lib; cnmem.lib; cudnn.lib; cuda.lib; cublas.lib; curand.lib;
+cudart.lib; singa-kernel.lib. Sửa tên của hai thư viện: gtest.lib và
+singa_objects.lib.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Tạo test_singa project.</p></li>
+<li><p>Sử dụng libglog.dll, libopenblas.dll, cnmem.dll, cudart64_91.dll và
+cudnn64_7.dll bằng cách thêm chúng vào đường dẫn hoặc copy chúng vào thư mục
+test/release.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Tiến hành unit tests bằng cách:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Từ dòng lệnh:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">test_singa.exe
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Từ Visual Studio:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>ấn chuột phải tại test_singa project và chọn 'Set as StartUp Project'.</li>
+<li>Từ mục Debug menu, chọn 'Start Without Debugging'</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Tham khảo video hướng dẫn chạy unit tests tại đây:</p>
+<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOjwtrvTPn4"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YOjwtrvTPn4/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cài-đặt-thư-viện-dependencies">Cài đặt thư viện dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#cài-singa-từ-nguồn">Cài SINGA từ nguồn</a></li><li><a href="#cài-đặt-python-module">Cài đặt Python module</a></li><li><a href="#chạy-unit-tests">Chạy Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#cài-đặt-hỗ-trợ-gpu-với-cuda">Cài đặt hỗ trợ GPU với CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cài-đặt-thư-viện-dependencies-1">Cài đặt thư viện Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#cài-singa-từ-nguồn-1">Cài SINGA từ nguồn</a></li><li><a href="#cài-đặt-python-module-1">Cài đặt Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Cách cài SINGA trên Windows · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Cách cài SINGA trên Windows · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Viet</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/install-win.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Cách cài SINGA trên Windows</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>Quá trình cài đặt SINGA từ nguồn sử dụng Microsoft Windows bao gồm bốn bước: cài
+đặt thư viện dependencies, cài SINGA từ nguồn, (không bắt buộc) cài đặt python
+module và (không bắt buộc) chạy thử unit tests.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cài-đặt-thư-viện-dependencies"></a><a href="#cài-đặt-thư-viện-dependencies" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Cài đặt thư viện dependencies</h2>
+<p>Bạn có thể tạo một thư mục để cài đặt thư viện dependencies.</p>
+<p>Các thư viện dependencies bao gồm:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Compiler và IDE</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Visual Studio. Công cụ biên tập mã này miễn phí và có thể được dùng trong
+việc cài đặt SINGA. <a href="https://www.visualstudio.com/">https://www.visualstudio.com/</a></li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>CMake</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Có thể tải về qua <a href="http://cmake.org/">http://cmake.org/</a></li>
+<li>Đảm bảo đường dẫn khả thi của cmake nằm trong đường dẫn chương trình system
+path, hoặc sử dụng đường dẫn đầy đủ khi gọi hàm cmake.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>SWIG</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Có thể tải từ <a href="http://swig.org/">http://swig.org/</a></li>
+<li>Đảm bảo đường dẫn khả thi của swig nằm trong đường dẫn chương trình system
+path, hoặc sử dụng đường dẫn đầy đủ khi gọi hàm swig. Sử dụng các phiên bản
+cập nhật như 3.0.12.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Protocol Buffers</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Tải các phiên bản phù hợp như 2.6.1:
+<a href="https://github.com/google/protobuf/releases/tag/v2.6.1">https://github.com/google/protobuf/releases/tag/v2.6.1</a> .</li>
+<li>Tải cả hai tệp protobuf-2.6.1.zip và protoc-2.6.1-win32.zip .</li>
+<li>Giải nén cả hai tệp trên trong thư mục thư viện dependencies. Thêm đường dẫn
+khả thi cho protoc vào system path, hoặc sử dụng đường dẫn đầy đủ khi gọi
+hàm này.</li>
+<li>Mở Visual Studio solution có thể tìm trong thư mục vsproject.</li>
+<li>Thay đổi cài đặt thiết lập Settings tới Release and x64.</li>
+<li>Cài đặt libprotobuf project.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Openblas</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Tải phiên bản nguồn phù hợp như 0.2.20 từ <a href="http://www.openblas.net">http://www.openblas.net</a></li>
+<li>Giải nén nguồn trong thư mục thư viện dependencies.</li>
+<li>Nếu bạn không có chương trình Perl, tải perl environment như Strawberry Perl
+(<a href="http://strawberryperl.com/">http://strawberryperl.com/</a>)</li>
+<li>Cài đặt Visual Studio solution bằng lệnh sau từ thư mục nguồn:</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">cmake -G <span class="hljs-string">"Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>Mở Visual Studio solution và thay đổi cấu hình cài đặt cho Release and x64.</li>
+<li>Cài libopenblas project</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Google glog</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Tải phiên bản phù hợp như 0.3.5 từ <a href="https://github.com/google/glog/releases">https://github.com/google/glog/releases</a></li>
+<li>Giải nén nguồn trong thư mục thư viện dependencies.</li>
+<li>Mở Visual Studio solution.</li>
+<li>Thay đổi cài đặt thiết lập Settings tới Release and x64.</li>
+<li>Cài đặt libglog project</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cài-singa-từ-nguồn"></a><a href="#cài-singa-từ-nguồn" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Cài SINGA từ nguồn</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Tải code nguồn của SINGA</p></li>
+<li><p>Cấu tạo các tệp protobuf:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Tới thư mục src/proto</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir python_out
+protoc.exe *.proto --python_out python_out
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Tạo swig interfaces cho C++ và Python: Tới mục src/api</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">swig -python -c++ singa.i
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Tạo Visual Studio solution cho SINGA: Đi tới thư mục nguồn SINGA</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir build
+cd build
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Gọi hàm cmake và thêm đường dẫn vào trong system của bạn, tương tự như ví dụ
+sau:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64" ^
+ -DGLOG_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/glog-0.3.5/src/windows" ^
+ -DGLOG_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/glog-0.3.5/x64/Release" ^
+ -DCBLAS_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/openblas-0.2.20/lapack-netlib/CBLAS/include" ^
+ -DCBLAS_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/openblas-0.2.20/lib/RELEASE" ^
+ -DProtobuf_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protobuf-2.6.1/src" ^
+ -DProtobuf_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protobuf-2.6.1/vsprojects/x64/Release" ^
+ -DProtobuf_PROTOC_EXECUTABLE="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protoc-2.6.1-win32/protoc.exe" ^
+ ..
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Mở generated solution trong Visual Studio</p></li>
+<li><p>Thay đổi cài đặt thiết lập Settings tới Release and x64</p></li>
+<li><p>Thêm tệp tin singa_wrap.cxx từ src/api tới singa_objects project</p></li>
+<li><p>Trong singa_objects project, mở Additional Include Directories.</p></li>
+<li><p>Thêm Python bao gồm đường dẫn</p></li>
+<li><p>Thêm numpy bao gồm đường dẫn</p></li>
+<li><p>Thêm protobuf bao gồm đường dẫn</p></li>
+<li><p>Trong định nghĩa preprocessor của singa_objects project, thêm USE_GLOG</p></li>
+<li><p>Sử dụng singa_objects project</p></li>
+<li><p>Trong singa project:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>thêm singa_wrap.obj vào Thư viện Object</li>
+<li>đổi tên mục target thành _singa_wrap</li>
+<li>đổi định dạng tệp target thành .pyd</li>
+<li>đổi định dạng cấu hình sang Dynamic Library (.dll)</li>
+<li>đi tới Additional Library Directories và thêm đường dẫn vào các thư viện
+python, openblas, protobuf và glog</li>
+<li>đi tới các thư viện Dependencies bổ sung để thêm libopenblas.lib,
+libglog.lib và libprotobuf.lib</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>tạo singa project</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cài-đặt-python-module"></a><a href="#cài-đặt-python-module" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Cài đặt Python module</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Đổi <code>_singa_wrap.so</code> thành <code>_singa_wrap.pyd</code> trong build/python/setup.py</p></li>
+<li><p>Copy các tệp tin trong <code>src/proto/python_out</code> sang <code>build/python/singa/proto</code></p></li>
+<li><p>Không bắt buộc, tạo và kích hoạt virtual environment:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir SingaEnv
+virtualenv SingaEnv
+SingaEnv\Scripts\activate
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>tới thư mục build/python và chạy:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python setup.py install
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Sử dụng _singa_wrap.pyd, libglog.dll và libopenblas.dll bằng cách thêm chúng
+vào đường dẫn hoặc copy chúng vào thư mục gói chương trình singa trong gói
+python site-packages</p></li>
+<li><p>Xác nhận SINGA đã được cài đặt bằng cách chạy:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python -c "from singa import tensor"
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Tham khảo video quá trình cài đặt tại đây:</p>
+<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cteER7WeiGk"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/cteER7WeiGk/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="chạy-unit-tests"></a><a href="#chạy-unit-tests" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Chạy Unit Tests</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Trong thư mục test, tạo Visual Studio solution:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Mở generated solution trong Visual Studio.</p></li>
+<li><p>Thay đổi cài đặt thiết lập Settings tới Release and x64.</p></li>
+<li><p>Tạo glog project.</p></li>
+<li><p>Trong mục test_singa project:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Thêm USE_GLOG vào Định nghĩa Preprocessor.</li>
+<li>Trong Additional Include Directories, thêm đường dẫn của GLOG_INCLUDE_DIR,
+CBLAS_INCLUDE_DIR và Protobuf_INCLUDE_DIR đã được dùng ở bước 2 bên trên.
+Đồng thời tạo và tạo/bao gồm các thư mục.</li>
+<li>Đi tới Additional Library Directories và thêm đường dẫn vào thư viện
+openblas, protobuf và glog. Thêm build/src/singa_objects.dir/Release.</li>
+<li>Tới Thư viện Dependencies bổ sung và thêm libopenblas.lib, libglog.lib và
+libprotobuf.lib. Sửa tên của hai thư viện: gtest.lib và singa_objects.lib.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Cài test_singa project.</p></li>
+<li><p>Sử dụng libglog.dll và libopenblas.dll bằng cách thêm chúng vào đường dẫn hoặc
+copy chúng vào thư mục test/release.</p></li>
+<li><p>Tiến hành unit tests bằng cách</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Từ dòng lệnh:</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">test_singa.exe
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>Từ Visual Studio:
+<ul>
+<li>ấn chuột phải tại test_singa project và chọn 'Set as StartUp Project'.</li>
+<li>Từ mục Debug menu, chọn 'Start Without Debugging'</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Tham khảo video hướng dẫn chạy unit tests tại đây:</p>
+<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=393gPtzMN1k"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/393gPtzMN1k/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cài-đặt-hỗ-trợ-gpu-với-cuda"></a><a href="#cài-đặt-hỗ-trợ-gpu-với-cuda" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Cài đặt hỗ trợ GPU với CUDA</h2>
+<p>Trong mục này, chúng tôi sẽ mở rộng các bước phía trên để sử dụng GPU.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cài-đặt-thư-viện-dependencies-1"></a><a href="#cài-đặt-thư-viện-dependencies-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Cài đặt thư viện Dependencies</h3>
+<p>Ngoài các thư viện dependencies ở mục 1 phía trên, chúng ta cần:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>CUDA</p>
+<p>Tải phiên bản phù hợp như 9.1 từ <a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads">https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads</a> .
+Đảm bảo bạn cài đặt Visual Studio integration module.</p></li>
+<li><p>cuDNN</p>
+<p>Tải phiên bản phù hợp như 7.1 từ <a href="https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn">https://developer.nvidia.com/cudnn</a></p></li>
+<li><p>cnmem:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Tải phiên bản mới nhất tại <a href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/cnmem">https://github.com/NVIDIA/cnmem</a></li>
+<li>Tạo Visual Studio solution:</li>
+</ul>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"
+</code></pre>
+<ul>
+<li>Mở generated solution trong Visual Studio.</li>
+<li>Thay đổi cài đặt thiết lập Settings tới Release and x64.</li>
+<li>Tạo cnmem project.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cài-singa-từ-nguồn-1"></a><a href="#cài-singa-từ-nguồn-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Cài SINGA từ nguồn</h3>
+<ul>
+<li>Gọi hàm cmake và thêm đường dẫn vào trong system của bạn, tương tự như ví dụ
+sau:
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64" ^
+ -DGLOG_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/glog-0.3.5/src/windows" ^
+ -DGLOG_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/glog-0.3.5/x64/Release" ^
+ -DCBLAS_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/openblas-0.2.20/lapack-netlib/CBLAS/include" ^
+ -DCBLAS_LIBRARIES="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/openblas-0.2.20/lib/RELEASE" ^
+ -DProtobuf_INCLUDE_DIR="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protobuf-2.6.1/src" ^
+ -DProtobuf_LIBRARIES="D:\WinSinga/dependencies/protobuf-2.6.1/vsprojects/x64/Release" ^
+ -DProtobuf_PROTOC_EXECUTABLE="D:/WinSinga/dependencies/protoc-2.6.1-win32/protoc.exe" ^
+ -DCUDNN_INCLUDE_DIR=D:\WinSinga\dependencies\cudnn-9.1-windows10-x64-v7.1\cuda\include ^
+ -DCUDNN_LIBRARIES=D:\WinSinga\dependencies\cudnn-9.1-windows10-x64-v7.1\cuda\lib\x64 ^
+ -DSWIG_DIR=D:\WinSinga\dependencies\swigwin-3.0.12 ^
+ -DSWIG_EXECUTABLE=D:\WinSinga\dependencies\swigwin-3.0.12\swig.exe ^
+ -DUSE_CUDA=YES ^
+ -DCUDNN_VERSION=7 ^
+ ..
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Tạo swig interfaces cho C++ và Python: Tới mục src/api</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">swig -python -c++ singa.i
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Mở generated solution trong Visual Studio</p></li>
+<li><p>Thay đổi cài đặt thiết lập Settings tới Release and x64.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tạo-singa_objects"></a><a href="#tạo-singa_objects" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tạo singa_objects</h4>
+<ul>
+<li>Thêm tệp tin singa_wrap.cxx từ src/api tới singa_objects project</li>
+<li>Trong singa_objects project, mở Additional Include Directories.</li>
+<li>Thêm Python bao gồm đường dẫn</li>
+<li>Thêm numpy bao gồm đường dẫn</li>
+<li>Thêm protobuf bao gồm đường dẫn</li>
+<li>Bổ sung bao gồm đường dẫn cho CUDA, cuDNN và cnmem</li>
+<li>Trong định nghĩa preprocessor của singa_objects project, thêm USE_GLOG,
+USE_CUDA và USE_CUDNN. Xoá DISABLE_WARNINGS.</li>
+<li>Tạo singa_objects project</li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tạo-singa-kernel"></a><a href="#tạo-singa-kernel" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tạo singa-kernel</h4>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Tạo một Visual Studio project mới dưới dạng "CUDA 9.1 Runtime". Đặt tên dạng
+như singa-kernel.</p></li>
+<li><p>project này chứa sẵn một tệp tin là kernel.cu. Xoá tệp tin này khỏi project.</p></li>
+<li><p>Thêm tệp tin này: src/core/tensor/math_kernel.cu</p></li>
+<li><p>Trong mục cài đặt project:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Đặt Platform Toolset sang dạng "Visual Studio 2015 (v140)"</li>
+<li>Đổi Configuration Type sang " Static Library (.lib)"</li>
+<li>Trong mục Include Directories, thêm vào build/include.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Tạo singa-kernel project</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cài-đặt-singa"></a><a href="#cài-đặt-singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Cài đặt singa</h4>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Trong singa project:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>thêm singa_wrap.obj vào Object Libraries</li>
+<li>đổi tên target thành _singa_wrap</li>
+<li>đổi định dạng target sang .pyd</li>
+<li>đổi định dạng cấu hình sang Dynamic Library (.dll)</li>
+<li>đi tới Additional Library Directories và thêm đường dẫn vào các thư viện
+python, openblas, protobuf và glog</li>
+<li>thêm các đường dẫn thư viện cho singa-kernel, cnmem, cuda và cudnn.</li>
+<li>đi tới các thư viện Dependencies bổ sung để thêm libopenblas.lib,
+libglog.lib và libprotobuf.lib</li>
+<li>Đồng thời thêm: singa-kernel.lib, cnmem.lib, cudnn.lib, cuda.lib ,
+cublas.lib, curand.lib và cudart.lib.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>tạo singa project</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cài-đặt-python-module-1"></a><a href="#cài-đặt-python-module-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Cài đặt Python module</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Đổi tên _singa_wrap.so sang _singa_wrap.pyd trong mục build/python/setup.py</p></li>
+<li><p>Copy các tệp tin trong src/proto/python_out sang build/python/singa/proto</p></li>
+<li><p>Không bắt buộc, tạo và kích hoạt virtual environment:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">mkdir SingaEnv
+virtualenv SingaEnv
+SingaEnv\Scripts\activate
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>tới thư mục build/python và chạy:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python setup.py install
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Sử dụng _singa_wrap.pyd, libglog.dll, libopenblas.dll, cnmem.dll, CUDA
+Runtime (e.g. cudart64_91.dll) và cuDNN (e.g. cudnn64_7.dll) bằng cách thêm
+chúng vào đường dẫn hoặc copy chúng vào thư mục gói chương trình singa trong
+gói python site-packages</p></li>
+<li><p>Xác nhận SINGA đã được cài đặt bằng cách chạy:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python -c "from singa import device; dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()"
+</code></pre></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Tham khảo video hướng dẫn cho mục này tại đây:</p>
+<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YasKVjRtuDs"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YasKVjRtuDs/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="run-unit-tests"></a><a href="#run-unit-tests" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Run Unit Tests</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Trong thư mục tests, tạo Visual Studio solution:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">cmake -G "Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64"
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Mở solution được tạo trong Visual Studio, hoặc thêm project vào singa solution
+đã được tạo ở bước 5.2</p></li>
+<li><p>Thay đổi cài đặt thiết lập Settings tới Release and x64.</p></li>
+<li><p>Tạo glog project.</p></li>
+<li><p>Trong test_singa project:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Thêm USE_GLOG; USE_CUDA; USE_CUDNN vào Định Nghĩa Preprocessor.</li>
+<li>Trong Thư viện Dependencies bổ sung, thêm đường dẫn của GLOG_INCLUDE_DIR,
+CBLAS_INCLUDE_DIR và Protobuf_INCLUDE_DIR đã được sử dụng tại bước 5.2 ở
+trên. Và thêm build, build/include, CUDA và cuDNN bao gồm thư mục.</li>
+<li>Tới Thư viện Dependencies bổ sung và thêm đường dẫn của thư viện openblas,
+protobuf và glog. Và thêm đường dẫn thư viện của
+build/src/singa_objects.dir/Release, singa-kernel, cnmem, CUDA và cuDNN.</li>
+<li>Tới Thư viện Dependencies bổ sung và thêm libopenblas.lib; libglog.lib;
+libprotobuf.lib; cnmem.lib; cudnn.lib; cuda.lib; cublas.lib; curand.lib;
+cudart.lib; singa-kernel.lib. Sửa tên của hai thư viện: gtest.lib và
+singa_objects.lib.</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Tạo test_singa project.</p></li>
+<li><p>Sử dụng libglog.dll, libopenblas.dll, cnmem.dll, cudart64_91.dll và
+cudnn64_7.dll bằng cách thêm chúng vào đường dẫn hoặc copy chúng vào thư mục
+test/release.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Tiến hành unit tests bằng cách:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Từ dòng lệnh:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">test_singa.exe
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Từ Visual Studio:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>ấn chuột phải tại test_singa project và chọn 'Set as StartUp Project'.</li>
+<li>Từ mục Debug menu, chọn 'Start Without Debugging'</li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Tham khảo video hướng dẫn chạy unit tests tại đây:</p>
+<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOjwtrvTPn4"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YOjwtrvTPn4/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cài-đặt-thư-viện-dependencies">Cài đặt thư viện dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#cài-singa-từ-nguồn">Cài SINGA từ nguồn</a></li><li><a href="#cài-đặt-python-module">Cài đặt Python module</a></li><li><a href="#chạy-unit-tests">Chạy Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#cài-đặt-hỗ-trợ-gpu-với-cuda">Cài đặt hỗ trợ GPU với CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cài-đặt-thư-viện-dependencies-1">Cài đặt thư viện Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#cài-singa-từ-nguồn-1">Cài SINGA từ nguồn</a></li><li><a href="#cài-đặt-python-module-1">Cài đặt Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Cài đặt · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Cài đặt · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sử-dụng-pip"></a><a href="#sử-dụng-pip" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sử dụng Pip</h2>
+<p><a href="https://conda.io/miniconda.html">Miniconda3</a> được khuyến khích dùng với SINGA.
+Sau khi cài đặt miniconda, thực hiện các lệnh sau để cài đặt SINGA.</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Cho CPU
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/17RA056Brwk0vBQTFaZ-l9EbqwADO0NA9?usp=sharing"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Mở trên Colab"></a></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">pip install singa -f http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-cpu.html --trusted-host singa.apache.org
+</code></pre>
+<p>Bạn có thể cài đặt một phiên bản SINGA cụ thể sử dụng <code>singa==<version></code>, thay
+thông tin <code><version></code>, v.d, <code>4.0.0</code>. Xem danh sách các phiên bản SINGA đang hoạt
+động ở đường dẫn.</p>
+<p>Để cài đặt phiên bản phát triển mới nhất, thay đường dẫn bằng
+<a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-cpu-dev.html">http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-cpu-dev.html</a></p>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>GPU với CUDA và cuDNN
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1W30IPCqj5fG8ADAQsFqclaCLyIclVcJL?usp=sharing"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Mở trên Colab"></a></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">pip install singa -f http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-gpu.html --trusted-host singa.apache.org
+</code></pre>
+<p>Bạn có thể thiết lập phiên bản SINGA và CUDA, như <code>singa==4.0.0+cuda10.2</code>. Danh
+sách tổ hợp phiên bản SINGA với CUDA được cung cấp trong đường dẫn.</p>
+<p>Để cài đặt phiên bản phát triển mới nhất, thay đường dẫn bằng
+<a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-gpu-dev.html">http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-gpu-dev.html</a></p>
+<p>Lưu ý: phiên bản Python của Python environment trong máy của bạn sẽ được sử dụng
+để tìm gói wheel tương ứng. Ví dụ, nếu bạn sử dụng Python 3.6, thì gói wheel kết
+cấu trong Python 3.6 sẽ được pip chọn để cài đặt. Thực tế, tên của tệp tin wheel
+bao gồm phiên bản SINGA, phiên bản CUDA và Python. Vì thế, <code>pip</code> biết tệp tin
+wheel nào để tải và cài đặt.</p>
+<p>Tham khảo chú thích ở phần đầu của tệp tin <code>setup.py</code> về cách tạo các gói wheel
+packages.</p>
+<p>Nếu không có lỗi khi chạy</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python -c <span class="hljs-string">"from singa import tensor"</span></span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>thì bạn đã cài đặt SINGA thành công.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sử-dụng-docker"></a><a href="#sử-dụng-docker" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sử dụng Docker</h2>
+<p>Cài đặt Docker vào máy chủ local theo
+<a href="https://docs.docker.com/install/">hướng dẫn</a>. Thêm người dùng vào
+<a href="https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/linux-postinstall/">nhóm docker</a> để chạy
+câu lệnh docker mà không cần dùng <code>sudo</code>.</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Cho CPU.</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> docker run -it apache/singa:X.Y.Z-cpu-ubuntu16.04 /bin/bash</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>Với GPU. Cài đặt <a href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker">Nvidia-Docker</a> sau
+khi cài Docker.</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> nvidia-docker run -it apache/singa:X.Y.Z-cuda9.0-cudnn7.4.2-ubuntu16.04 /bin/bash</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>Xem danh sách toàn bộ SINGA Docker images (tags), tại
+<a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/apache/singa/">trang web docker hub</a>. Với mỗi
+docker image, tag được đặt tên theo</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">version-(cpu|gpu)[-devel]
+</code></pre>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Tag</th><th>Mô tả</th><th>Ví dụ giá trị</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><code>phiên bản</code></td><td>phiên bản SINGA</td><td>'2.0.0-rc0', '2.0.0', '1.2.0'</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>cpu</code></td><td>image không thể sử dụng cho GPUs</td><td>'cpu'</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>gpu</code></td><td>image có thể sử dụng cho Nvidia GPUs</td><td>'gpu', or 'cudax.x-cudnnx.x' e.g., 'cuda10.0-cudnn7.3'</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>devel</code></td><td>chỉ số phát triển</td><td>nếu không có, gói SINGA Python package chỉ được cài đặt cho runtime; nếu có, environment cũng được tạo ra, bạn có thể kết cấu lại SINGA từ nguồn tại '/root/singa'</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>OS</code></td><td>cho biết phiên bản OS</td><td>'ubuntu16.04', 'ubuntu18.04'</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="từ-nguồn"></a><a href="#từ-nguồn" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Từ nguồn</h2>
+<p>Bạn có thể <a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/build">tạo và cài đặt SINGA</a> từ mã code nguồn sử dụng các công cụ
+tạo chương trình hoặc conda-build, trên hệ điều hành máy chủ cục bộ (local host
+os) hay trong Docker container.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="câu-hỏi-thường-gặp"></a><a href="#câu-hỏi-thường-gặp" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Câu Hỏi Thường Gặp</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: Lỗi khi chạy <code>from singa import tensor</code></p>
+<p>A: Kiểm tra chi tiết lỗi từ</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python -c "from singa import _singa_wrap"
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> tới thưu mục chứa _singa_wrap.so</span>
+ldd path to _singa_wrap.so
+python
+<span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash">> import importlib</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash">> importlib.import_module(<span class="hljs-string">'_singa_wrap'</span>)</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Thư mục chứa <code>_singa_wrap.so</code> thường ở
+<code>~/miniconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/singa</code>. Thông thường, lỗi này được
+gây ra bởi sự không tương thích hoặc thiếu các thư viện dependent libraries,
+v.d cuDNN hay protobuf. Cách giải quyết là tạo một virtual environment mới và
+cài đặt SINGA trong environment đó, v.d,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda create -n singa
+conda activate singa
+conda install -c nusdbsystem -c conda-forge singa-cpu
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: Khi sử dụng virtual environment, mỗi khi tôi cài SINGA, numpy cũng tự động
+bị cài lại. Tuy nhiên, numpy không được sử dụng khi chạy <code>import numpy</code></p>
+<p>A: Lỗi này có thể do biến <code>PYTHONPATH</code> environment lẽ ra phải để trống trong
+khi bạn sử dụng virtual environment để tránh mâu thuẫn với đường dẫn của
+virtual environment.</p></li>
+<li><p>Q: Khi chạy SINGA trên Mac OS X, tôi gặp lỗi "Fatal Python error:
+PyThreadState_Get: no current thread Abort trap: 6"</p>
+<p>A: Lỗi này thường xảy ra khi bạn có nhiều phiên bản Python trong hệ thống,
+v.d, bản của OS và bản được cài bởi Homebrew. Bản Python dùng cho SINGA phải
+giống với bản Python interpreter. Bạn có thể kiểm tra interpreter của mình
+bằng <code>which python</code> và kiểm tra bản Python dùng cho SINGA qua
+<code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>. Vấn đề này được giải quyết nếu SINGA được
+cài qua conda.</p></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#sử-dụng-pip">Sử dụng Pip</a></li><li><a href="#sử-dụng-docker">Sử dụng Docker</a></li><li><a href="#từ-nguồn">Từ nguồn</a></li><li><a href="#câu-hỏi-thường-gặp">Câu Hỏi Thường Gặp</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sử-dụng-pip"></a><a href="#sử-dụng-pip" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sử dụng Pip</h2>
+<p><a href="https://conda.io/miniconda.html">Miniconda3</a> được khuyến khích dùng với SINGA.
+Sau khi cài đặt miniconda, thực hiện các lệnh sau để cài đặt SINGA.</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Cho CPU
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/17RA056Brwk0vBQTFaZ-l9EbqwADO0NA9?usp=sharing"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Mở trên Colab"></a></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">pip install singa -f http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-cpu.html --trusted-host singa.apache.org
+</code></pre>
+<p>Bạn có thể cài đặt một phiên bản SINGA cụ thể sử dụng <code>singa==<version></code>, thay
+thông tin <code><version></code>, v.d, <code>4.0.0</code>. Xem danh sách các phiên bản SINGA đang hoạt
+động ở đường dẫn.</p>
+<p>Để cài đặt phiên bản phát triển mới nhất, thay đường dẫn bằng
+<a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-cpu-dev.html">http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-cpu-dev.html</a></p>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>GPU với CUDA và cuDNN
+<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1W30IPCqj5fG8ADAQsFqclaCLyIclVcJL?usp=sharing"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Mở trên Colab"></a></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">pip install singa -f http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-gpu.html --trusted-host singa.apache.org
+</code></pre>
+<p>Bạn có thể thiết lập phiên bản SINGA và CUDA, như <code>singa==4.0.0+cuda10.2</code>. Danh
+sách tổ hợp phiên bản SINGA với CUDA được cung cấp trong đường dẫn.</p>
+<p>Để cài đặt phiên bản phát triển mới nhất, thay đường dẫn bằng
+<a href="http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-gpu-dev.html">http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-gpu-dev.html</a></p>
+<p>Lưu ý: phiên bản Python của Python environment trong máy của bạn sẽ được sử dụng
+để tìm gói wheel tương ứng. Ví dụ, nếu bạn sử dụng Python 3.6, thì gói wheel kết
+cấu trong Python 3.6 sẽ được pip chọn để cài đặt. Thực tế, tên của tệp tin wheel
+bao gồm phiên bản SINGA, phiên bản CUDA và Python. Vì thế, <code>pip</code> biết tệp tin
+wheel nào để tải và cài đặt.</p>
+<p>Tham khảo chú thích ở phần đầu của tệp tin <code>setup.py</code> về cách tạo các gói wheel
+packages.</p>
+<p>Nếu không có lỗi khi chạy</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python -c <span class="hljs-string">"from singa import tensor"</span></span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>thì bạn đã cài đặt SINGA thành công.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sử-dụng-docker"></a><a href="#sử-dụng-docker" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sử dụng Docker</h2>
+<p>Cài đặt Docker vào máy chủ local theo
+<a href="https://docs.docker.com/install/">hướng dẫn</a>. Thêm người dùng vào
+<a href="https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/linux-postinstall/">nhóm docker</a> để chạy
+câu lệnh docker mà không cần dùng <code>sudo</code>.</p>
+<ol>
+<li>Cho CPU.</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> docker run -it apache/singa:X.Y.Z-cpu-ubuntu16.04 /bin/bash</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>Với GPU. Cài đặt <a href="https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker">Nvidia-Docker</a> sau
+khi cài Docker.</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> nvidia-docker run -it apache/singa:X.Y.Z-cuda9.0-cudnn7.4.2-ubuntu16.04 /bin/bash</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>Xem danh sách toàn bộ SINGA Docker images (tags), tại
+<a href="https://hub.docker.com/r/apache/singa/">trang web docker hub</a>. Với mỗi
+docker image, tag được đặt tên theo</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">version-(cpu|gpu)[-devel]
+</code></pre>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Tag</th><th>Mô tả</th><th>Ví dụ giá trị</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><code>phiên bản</code></td><td>phiên bản SINGA</td><td>'2.0.0-rc0', '2.0.0', '1.2.0'</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>cpu</code></td><td>image không thể sử dụng cho GPUs</td><td>'cpu'</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>gpu</code></td><td>image có thể sử dụng cho Nvidia GPUs</td><td>'gpu', or 'cudax.x-cudnnx.x' e.g., 'cuda10.0-cudnn7.3'</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>devel</code></td><td>chỉ số phát triển</td><td>nếu không có, gói SINGA Python package chỉ được cài đặt cho runtime; nếu có, environment cũng được tạo ra, bạn có thể kết cấu lại SINGA từ nguồn tại '/root/singa'</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>OS</code></td><td>cho biết phiên bản OS</td><td>'ubuntu16.04', 'ubuntu18.04'</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="từ-nguồn"></a><a href="#từ-nguồn" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Từ nguồn</h2>
+<p>Bạn có thể <a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/build">tạo và cài đặt SINGA</a> từ mã code nguồn sử dụng các công cụ
+tạo chương trình hoặc conda-build, trên hệ điều hành máy chủ cục bộ (local host
+os) hay trong Docker container.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="câu-hỏi-thường-gặp"></a><a href="#câu-hỏi-thường-gặp" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Câu Hỏi Thường Gặp</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Q: Lỗi khi chạy <code>from singa import tensor</code></p>
+<p>A: Kiểm tra chi tiết lỗi từ</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python -c "from singa import _singa_wrap"
+<span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> tới thưu mục chứa _singa_wrap.so</span>
+ldd path to _singa_wrap.so
+python
+<span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash">> import importlib</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash">> importlib.import_module(<span class="hljs-string">'_singa_wrap'</span>)</span>
+</code></pre>
+<p>Thư mục chứa <code>_singa_wrap.so</code> thường ở
+<code>~/miniconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/singa</code>. Thông thường, lỗi này được
+gây ra bởi sự không tương thích hoặc thiếu các thư viện dependent libraries,
+v.d cuDNN hay protobuf. Cách giải quyết là tạo một virtual environment mới và
+cài đặt SINGA trong environment đó, v.d,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">conda create -n singa
+conda activate singa
+conda install -c nusdbsystem -c conda-forge singa-cpu
+</code></pre></li>
+<li><p>Q: Khi sử dụng virtual environment, mỗi khi tôi cài SINGA, numpy cũng tự động
+bị cài lại. Tuy nhiên, numpy không được sử dụng khi chạy <code>import numpy</code></p>
+<p>A: Lỗi này có thể do biến <code>PYTHONPATH</code> environment lẽ ra phải để trống trong
+khi bạn sử dụng virtual environment để tránh mâu thuẫn với đường dẫn của
+virtual environment.</p></li>
+<li><p>Q: Khi chạy SINGA trên Mac OS X, tôi gặp lỗi "Fatal Python error:
+PyThreadState_Get: no current thread Abort trap: 6"</p>
+<p>A: Lỗi này thường xảy ra khi bạn có nhiều phiên bản Python trong hệ thống,
+v.d, bản của OS và bản được cài bởi Homebrew. Bản Python dùng cho SINGA phải
+giống với bản Python interpreter. Bạn có thể kiểm tra interpreter của mình
+bằng <code>which python</code> và kiểm tra bản Python dùng cho SINGA qua
+<code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>. Vấn đề này được giải quyết nếu SINGA được
+cài qua conda.</p></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#sử-dụng-pip">Sử dụng Pip</a></li><li><a href="#sử-dụng-docker">Sử dụng Docker</a></li><li><a href="#từ-nguồn">Từ nguồn</a></li><li><a href="#câu-hỏi-thường-gặp">Câu Hỏi Thường Gặp</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Theo Dõi Vấn Đề · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Theo Dõi Vấn Đề · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Viet</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Community</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Community</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository">Source Repository</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/mail-lists">Danh sách liên hệ của Dự Án</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/issue-tracking">Theo Dõi Vấn Đề</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/security">Bảo Mật</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/team-list">Danh sách nhân sự SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/history-singa">Lịch Sử Phát Triển SINGA</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Wheel Package</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu">Dùng cho CPU</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu-dev">Dùng cho CPU (phiên bản dev)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-gpu">Sử Dụng CUDA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-gpu-dev">Sử Dụng CUDA (phiên bản dev)</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/issue-tracking.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Theo Dõi Vấn Đề</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA sử dụng <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/singa">JIRA</a> để quản lý các
+vấn đề bao gồm lỗi (bugs), các tính năng mới và thảo luận.</p>
+<p>Chúng tôi đang trong quá trình chuyển sang mục
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/issues">Github Issues</a>.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Viet</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Community</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Community</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository">Source Repository</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/mail-lists">Danh sách liên hệ của Dự Án</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/issue-tracking">Theo Dõi Vấn Đề</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/security">Bảo Mật</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/team-list">Danh sách nhân sự SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/history-singa">Lịch Sử Phát Triển SINGA</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Wheel Package</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu">Dùng cho CPU</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu-dev">Dùng cho CPU (phiên bản dev)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-gpu">Sử Dụng CUDA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-gpu-dev">Sử Dụng CUDA (phiên bản dev)</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+<p>SINGA sử dụng <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/singa">JIRA</a> để quản lý các
+vấn đề bao gồm lỗi (bugs), các tính năng mới và thảo luận.</p>
+<p>Chúng tôi đang trong quá trình chuyển sang mục
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/issues">Github Issues</a>.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+ }
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+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
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+ indexName: 'apache_singa',
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new file mode 100644
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+<p>Có một danh sách liên hệ được thiết lập cho dự án này. Mỗi danh sách bao gồm
+đường dẫn để đăng kí(subscribe), huỷ đăng kí (unsubscribe), và đường dẫn tới kho
+lưu trữ.</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Tên</th><th>Loại</th><th>Đăng kí</th><th>Huỷ Đăng kí</th><th>Lưu Trữ</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Phát triển</td><td><a href="mailto:dev@singa.incubator.apache.org">dev@singa.incubator.apache.org</a></td><td><a href="mailto:dev-subscribe@singa.incubator.apache.org">Đăng kí</a></td><td><a href="mailto:dev-unsubscribe@singa.incubator.apache.org.">Huỷ đăng kí</a></td><td><a href="http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/singa-dev/">mail-archives.apache.org</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Đóng góp</td><td><a href="mailto:commits@singa.incubator.apache.org">commits@singa.incubator.apache.org</a></td><td><a href="mailto:commits-subscribe@singa.incubator.apache.org">Đăng kí</a></td><td><a href="mailto:commits-unsubscribe@singa.incubator.apache.org">Huỷ đăng kí</a></td><td><a href="http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/singa-commits/">mail-archives.apache.org</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Bảo mật</td><td><a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">security@singa.apache.org</a></td><td>private</td><td>private</td><td>private</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Source Repository</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/issue-tracking"><span>Issue Tracking</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/mail-lists/index.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/mail-lists/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a0ac7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/mail-lists/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
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+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Viet</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Community</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Community</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository">Source Repository</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/mail-lists">Danh sách liên hệ của Dự Án</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/issue-tracking">Theo Dõi Vấn Đề</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/security">Bảo Mật</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/team-list">Danh sách nhân sự SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/history-singa">Lịch Sử Phát Triển SINGA</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Wheel Package</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu">Dùng cho CPU</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu-dev">Dùng cho CPU (phiên bản dev)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-gpu">Sử Dụng CUDA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-gpu-dev">Sử Dụng CUDA (phiên bản dev)</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+<p>Có một danh sách liên hệ được thiết lập cho dự án này. Mỗi danh sách bao gồm
+đường dẫn để đăng kí(subscribe), huỷ đăng kí (unsubscribe), và đường dẫn tới kho
+lưu trữ.</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Tên</th><th>Loại</th><th>Đăng kí</th><th>Huỷ Đăng kí</th><th>Lưu Trữ</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Phát triển</td><td><a href="mailto:dev@singa.incubator.apache.org">dev@singa.incubator.apache.org</a></td><td><a href="mailto:dev-subscribe@singa.incubator.apache.org">Đăng kí</a></td><td><a href="mailto:dev-unsubscribe@singa.incubator.apache.org.">Huỷ đăng kí</a></td><td><a href="http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/singa-dev/">mail-archives.apache.org</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Đóng góp</td><td><a href="mailto:commits@singa.incubator.apache.org">commits@singa.incubator.apache.org</a></td><td><a href="mailto:commits-subscribe@singa.incubator.apache.org">Đăng kí</a></td><td><a href="mailto:commits-unsubscribe@singa.incubator.apache.org">Huỷ đăng kí</a></td><td><a href="http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/singa-commits/">mail-archives.apache.org</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Bảo mật</td><td><a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">security@singa.apache.org</a></td><td>private</td><td>private</td><td>private</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
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+<p><a href="https://onnx.ai/">ONNX</a> là một định dạng đại diện mở dùng trong các model của
+machine learning, cho phép nhà phát triển AI sử dụng các models trên các
+libraries và công cụ khác nhau. SINGA hỗ trợ tải các models dạng ONNX trong
+training và inference, và lưu các models ở dạng ONNX với SINGA APIs (e.g.,
+<a href="./module">Module</a>).</p>
+<p>SINGA đã được thử nghiệm với
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Versioning.md">phiên bản sau</a> của
+ONNX.</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Phiên bản ONNX</th><th>Phiên bản định dạng tệp tin</th><th>Opset phiên bản ai.onnx</th><th>Opset phiên bản ai.onnx.ml</th><th>Opset phiên bản ai.onnx.training</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>1.6.0</td><td>6</td><td>11</td><td>2</td><td>-</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sử-dụng-chung"></a><a href="#sử-dụng-chung" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sử dụng chung</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tải-một-onnx-model-trong-singa"></a><a href="#tải-một-onnx-model-trong-singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tải một ONNX Model trong SINGA</h3>
+<p>Sau khi tải một ONNX model từ disk qua <code>onnx.load</code>, bạn chỉ cần cập nhật
+batch-size của input sử dụng <code>tensor.PlaceHolder</code> sau SINGA v3.0, shape của
+internal tensors sẽ tự động được tạo ra.</p>
+<p>Sau đó, bạn định nghĩa một class thừa hưởng từ <code>sonnx.SONNXModel</code> và thực hiện
+hai phương pháp <code>forward</code> cho quá trình forward và <code>train_one_batch</code> cho quá
+trình training. Sau khi gọi hàm <code>model.compile</code>, hàm SONNX sẽ lặp lại và dịch
+tất cả các nodes trong phạm vi graph của ONNX model sang các hàm SINGA, tải tất
+cả weights đã lưu trữ và tạo ra shape của từng tensor trung gian.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> onnx
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> device
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> sonnx
+
+<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyModel</span><span class="hljs-params">(sonnx.SONNXModel)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, onnx_model)</span>:</span>
+ super(MyModel, self).__init__(onnx_model)
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, *x)</span>:</span>
+ y = super(MyModel, self).forward(*x)
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Since SINGA model returns the output as a list,</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># if there is only one output,</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># you just need to take the first element.</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, y)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">pass</span>
+
+model_path = <span class="hljs-string">"PATH/To/ONNX/MODEL"</span>
+onnx_model = onnx.load(model_path)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># convert onnx model into SINGA model</span>
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()
+x = tensor.PlaceHolder(INPUT.shape, device=dev)
+model = MyModel(onnx_model)
+model.compile([x], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>, use_graph=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="inference-với-singa-model"></a><a href="#inference-với-singa-model" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Inference với SINGA model</h3>
+<p>Sau khi tạo models, bạn có thể tiến hành inference bằng cách gọi hàm
+<code>model.forward</code>. Đầu vào và đầu ra phải ở dạng phiên bản của SINGA <code>Tensor</code>.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3"><span class="hljs-attr">x</span> = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=INPUT)
+<span class="hljs-attr">y</span> = model.forward(x)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="lưu-model-của-singa-dưới-dạng-onnx"></a><a href="#lưu-model-của-singa-dưới-dạng-onnx" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Lưu model của SINGA dưới dạng ONNX</h3>
+<p>Với hàm tensors đầu vào và đầu ra được tạo ra bởi các hàm của model, bạn có thể
+truy nguyên đến tất cả các hàm nội bộ. Bởi vậy, một model SINGA được xác định
+bởi tensors đầu vào và đầu ra. Để biến một model SINGA sang dạng ONNX, bạn chỉ
+cần cung cấp danh sách tensor đầu vào và đầu ra.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3"># <span class="hljs-symbol">x</span> is the input tensor, <span class="hljs-symbol">y</span> is the output tensor
+sonnx.to_onnx([<span class="hljs-symbol">x</span>], [<span class="hljs-symbol">y</span>])
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training-lại-với-model-onnx"></a><a href="#training-lại-với-model-onnx" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training lại với model ONNX</h3>
+<p>Để train (hay luyện) một model ONNX sử dụng SINGA, bạn cần thực hiện
+<code>train_one_batch</code> từ <code>sonnx.SONNXModel</code> và đánh dấu <code>is_train=True</code> khi gọi hàm
+<code>model.compile</code>.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3">from singa import opt
+from singa import autograd
+
+<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyModel</span>(<span class="hljs-title">sonnx</span>.<span class="hljs-title">SONNXModel</span>):</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, onnx_model)</span></span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(MyModel, <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>).__init_<span class="hljs-number">_</span>(onnx_model)
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, *x)</span></span>:
+ y = <span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(MyModel, <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>).forward(*x)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, x, y, dist_option, spars)</span></span>:
+ out = <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.forward(x)
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_update(loss)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp16'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_update_half(loss)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'partialUpdate'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_partial_update(loss)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseTopK'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=True,
+ spars=spars)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseThreshold'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=False,
+ spars=spars)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">set_optimizer</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, optimizer)</span></span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer = optimizer
+
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>.<span class="hljs-number">005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>.<span class="hljs-number">9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>e-<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+model.compile([tx], is_train=True, use_graph=graph, sequential=True)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="transfer-learning-một-model-onnx"></a><a href="#transfer-learning-một-model-onnx" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Transfer-learning một model ONNX</h3>
+<p>Bạn cũng có thể thêm một vài layers vào phần cuối của ONNX model để làm
+transfer-learning. Hàm <code>last_layers</code> chấp nhận một số nguyên âm để chỉ layer bị
+cắt ra. Ví dụ, <code>-1</code> nghĩa là bị cắt ra sau kết quả cuối cùng (không xoá bớt
+layer nào) <code>-2</code> nghĩa là bị cắt ra sau hai layer cuối cùng.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3">from singa import opt
+from singa import autograd
+
+<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyModel</span>(<span class="hljs-title">sonnx</span>.<span class="hljs-title">SONNXModel</span>):</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, onnx_model)</span></span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(MyModel, <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>).__init_<span class="hljs-number">_</span>(onnx_model)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.linear = layer.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">1000</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>)
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, *x)</span></span>:
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># cut off after the last third layer</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># and append a linear layer</span>
+ y = <span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(MyModel, <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>).forward(*x, last_layers=-<span class="hljs-number">3</span>)[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+ y = <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.linear(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, x, y, dist_option, spars)</span></span>:
+ out = <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.forward(x)
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_update(loss)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp16'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_update_half(loss)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'partialUpdate'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_partial_update(loss)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseTopK'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=True,
+ spars=spars)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseThreshold'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=False,
+ spars=spars)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">set_optimizer</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, optimizer)</span></span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer = optimizer
+
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>.<span class="hljs-number">005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>.<span class="hljs-number">9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>e-<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+model.compile([tx], is_train=True, use_graph=graph, sequential=True)
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="onnx-model-zoo"></a><a href="#onnx-model-zoo" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>ONNX model zoo</h2>
+<p><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models">ONNX Model Zoo</a> là tổ hợp các models ở dạng
+ONNX, đã được train có kết quả tốt nhất, đóng góp bởi cộng đồng thành viên.
+SINGA giờ đây đã hỗ trợ một số models CV và NLP. Chúng tôi dự định sẽ sớm hỗ trợ
+thêm các models khác.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="phân-loại-hình-ảnh-image-classification"></a><a href="#phân-loại-hình-ảnh-image-classification" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Phân loại hình ảnh (Image Classification)</h3>
+<p>Tổ hợp models này có đầu vào là hình ảnh, sau đó phân loại các đối tượng chính
+trong hình ảnh thành 1000 mục đối tượng như bàn phím, chuột, bút chì, và các
+động vật.</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model Class</th><th>Tham khảo</th><th>Mô tả</th><th>Đường dẫn</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/mobilenet">MobileNet</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.04381">Sandler et al.</a></td><td>deep neural network nhỏ, nhẹ phù hợp nhất cho điện thoại và ứng dụng hình ảnh đính kèm. <br>Top-5 error từ báo cáo - ~10%</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1HsixqJMIpKyEPhkbB8jy7NwNEFEAUWAf"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Mở trên Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/resnet">ResNet18</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.03385">He et al.</a></td><td>Mô hình CNN (lên tới 152 layers). Sử dụng liên kết ngắn gọn để đạt độ chính xác cao hơn khi phân loại hình ảnh. <br> Top-5 error từ báo cáo - ~3.6%</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1u1RYefSsVbiP4I-5wiBKHjsT9L0FxLm9"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Mở trên Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/vgg">VGG16</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.1556">Simonyan et al.</a></td><td>Mô hình CNN chuyên sâu (lên tới 19 layers). Tương tự như AlexNet nhưng sử dụng nhiều loại filters cỡ kernel nhỏ hơn mang lại độ chính xác cao hơn khi phân loại hình ảnh. <br>Top-5 từ báo cáo - ~8%</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/14kxgRKtbjPCKKsDJVNi3AvTev81Gp_Ds"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Mở trên Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/shufflenet">ShuffleNet_V2</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.01083.pdf">Simonyan et al.</a></td><td>Mô hình CNN cực kỳ hiệu quả trong sử dụng tài nguyên, được thiết kế đặc biệt cho các thiết bị di động. Mạng lưới thiết kế hệ mô hình sử dụng số liệu trực tiếp như tốc độ, thay vì các số liệu gián tiếp như FLOP. Top-1 error từ báo cáo - ~30.6%</td><td>[<img src="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19HfRu3YHP_H2z3BcZujVFRp23_J5XsuA?usp=sharing" alt="Mở trên Colab"></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Chúng tôi cung cấp ví dụ re-training sử dụng VGG và ResNet, vui lòng xem tại
+<code>examples/onnx/training</code>.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="nhận-diện-đối-tượng-object-detection"></a><a href="#nhận-diện-đối-tượng-object-detection" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Nhận Diện Đối Tượng (Object Detection)</h3>
+<p>Các models Object detection nhận diện sự hiện diện của các đối tượng trong một
+hình ảnh và phân đoạn ra các khu vực của bức ảnh mà đối tượng được nhận diện.</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model Class</th><th>Tham khảo</th><th>Mô tả</th><th>Đường dẫn</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/object_detection_segmentation/tiny_yolov2">Tiny YOLOv2</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1612.08242.pdf">Redmon et al.</a></td><td>Mô hình CNN thời gian thực cho Nhận diện đối tượng có thể nhận diện 20 loại đối tượng khác nhau. Phiên bản nhỏ của mô hình phức tạp Yolov2.</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/11V4I6cRjIJNUv5ZGsEGwqHuoQEie6b1T"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Mở trên Colab"></a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="phân-tích-khuôn-mặt-face-analysis"></a><a href="#phân-tích-khuôn-mặt-face-analysis" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Phân tích Khuôn Mặt (Face Analysis)</h3>
+<p>Các mô hình Nhận Diện Khuôn Mặt xác định và/hoặc nhận diện khuôn mặt người và
+các trạng thái cảm xúc trong bức ảnh.</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model Class</th><th>Tham khảo</th><th>Mô tả</th><th>Đường dẫn</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/body_analysis/arcface">ArcFace</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.07698">Deng et al.</a></td><td>Mô hình dựa trên CNN để nhận diện khuôn mặt, học từ các đặc tính khác nhau trên khuôn mặt và tạo ra các embeddings cho hình ảnh khuôn mặt đầu vào.</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1qanaqUKGIDtifdzEzJOHjEj4kYzA9uJC"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/body_analysis/emotion_ferplus">Emotion FerPlus</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.01041">Barsoum et al.</a></td><td>Mô hình CNN chuyên sâu nhận diện cảm xúc được train trên các hình ảnh khuôn mặt.</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1XHtBQGRhe58PDi4LGYJzYueWBeWbO23r"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="máy-hiểu-machine-comprehension"></a><a href="#máy-hiểu-machine-comprehension" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Máy Hiểu (Machine Comprehension)</h3>
+<p>Một dạng của mô hình xử lý ngôn ngữ tự nhiên giúp trả lời câu hỏi trên một đoạn
+ngôn ngữ cung cấp.</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model Class</th><th>Tham khảo</th><th>Mô tả</th><th>Đường dẫn</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/text/machine_comprehension/bert-squad">BERT-Squad</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.04805.pdf">Devlin et al.</a></td><td>Mô hình này trả lời câu hỏi dựa trên ngữ cảnh của đoạn văn đầu vào.</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1kud-lUPjS_u-TkDAzihBTw0Vqr0FjCE-"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Mở trên Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/text/machine_comprehension/roberta">RoBERTa</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.11692.pdf">Devlin et al.</a></td><td>Mô hình transformer-based kích thước lớn, dự đoán ngữ nghĩa dựa trên đoạn văn đầu vào.</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1F-c4LJSx3Cb2jW6tP7f8nAZDigyLH6iN?usp=sharing"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Mở trên Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/text/machine_comprehension/gpt-2">GPT-2</a></b></td><td><a href="https://d4mucfpksywv.cloudfront.net/better-language-models/language_models_are_unsupervised_multitask_learners.pdf">Devlin et al.</a></td><td>Mô hình ngôn ngữ transformer-based kích thước lớn, đưa ra một đoạn chữ, rồi dự đoán từ tiếp theo.</td><td>[<img src="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1ZlXLSIMppPch6HgzKRillJiUcWn3PiK7?usp=sharing" alt="Mở trên Colab"></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="các-toán-tử-operators-được-hỗ-trợ"></a><a href="#các-toán-tử-operators-được-hỗ-trợ" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Các toán tử (Operators) được hỗ trợ</h2>
+<p>Chúng tôi hỗ trợ các toán tử sau:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Acos</li>
+<li>Acosh</li>
+<li>Add</li>
+<li>And</li>
+<li>Asin</li>
+<li>Asinh</li>
+<li>Atan</li>
+<li>Atanh</li>
+<li>AveragePool</li>
+<li>BatchNormalization</li>
+<li>Cast</li>
+<li>Ceil</li>
+<li>Clip</li>
+<li>Concat</li>
+<li>ConstantOfShape</li>
+<li>Conv</li>
+<li>Cos</li>
+<li>Cosh</li>
+<li>Div</li>
+<li>Dropout</li>
+<li>Elu</li>
+<li>Equal</li>
+<li>Erf</li>
+<li>Expand</li>
+<li>Flatten</li>
+<li>Gather</li>
+<li>Gemm</li>
+<li>GlobalAveragePool</li>
+<li>Greater</li>
+<li>HardSigmoid</li>
+<li>Identity</li>
+<li>LeakyRelu</li>
+<li>Less</li>
+<li>Log</li>
+<li>MatMul</li>
+<li>Max</li>
+<li>MaxPool</li>
+<li>Mean</li>
+<li>Min</li>
+<li>Mul</li>
+<li>Neg</li>
+<li>NonZero</li>
+<li>Not</li>
+<li>OneHot</li>
+<li>Or</li>
+<li>Pad</li>
+<li>Pow</li>
+<li>PRelu</li>
+<li>Reciprocal</li>
+<li>ReduceMean</li>
+<li>ReduceSum</li>
+<li>Relu</li>
+<li>Reshape</li>
+<li>ScatterElements</li>
+<li>Selu</li>
+<li>Shape</li>
+<li>Sigmoid</li>
+<li>Sign</li>
+<li>Sin</li>
+<li>Sinh</li>
+<li>Slice</li>
+<li>Softmax</li>
+<li>Softplus</li>
+<li>Softsign</li>
+<li>Split</li>
+<li>Sqrt</li>
+<li>Squeeze</li>
+<li>Sub</li>
+<li>Sum</li>
+<li>Tan</li>
+<li>Tanh</li>
+<li>Tile</li>
+<li>Transpose</li>
+<li>Unsqueeze</li>
+<li>Upsample</li>
+<li>Where</li>
+<li>Xor</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="các-lưu-ý-đặc-biệt-cho-onnx-backend"></a><a href="#các-lưu-ý-đặc-biệt-cho-onnx-backend" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Các lưu ý đặc biệt cho ONNX backend</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Conv, MaxPool và AveragePool</p>
+<p>Đầu vào phải có shape 1d<code>(N*C*H)</code> và 2d(<code>N*C*H*W</code>) trong khi <code>dilation</code> phải
+là 1.</p></li>
+<li><p>BatchNormalization</p>
+<p><code>epsilon</code> là 1e-05 và không được đổi.</p></li>
+<li><p>Cast</p>
+<p>Chỉ hỗ trợ float32 và int32, các dạng khác phải được cast thành hai dạng này.</p></li>
+<li><p>Squeeze và Unsqueeze</p>
+<p>Nếu gặp lỗi khi dùng <code>Squeeze</code> hay <code>Unsqueeze</code> giữa <code>Tensor</code> và Scalar, vui
+lòng báo cho chúng tôi.</p></li>
+<li><p>Empty tensor Empty tensor không được chấp nhận trong SINGA.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="thực-hiện"></a><a href="#thực-hiện" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Thực hiện</h2>
+<p>Mã code của SINGA ONNX được đặt trong <code>python/singa/soonx.py</code>. Có bốn loại
+chính, <code>SingaFrontend</code>, <code>SingaBackend</code>, <code>SingaRep</code> và <code>SONNXModel</code>.
+<code>SingaFrontend</code> qui đổi mô hình SINGA model sang mô hình ONNX model;
+<code>SingaBackend</code> biến mô hình ONNX model sang đối tượng <code>SingaRep</code> giúp lưu trữ
+tất cả các toán tử SINGA operators và tensors(tensor trong văn bản này nghĩa là
+SINGA <code>Tensor</code>); <code>SingaRep</code> có thẻ chạy giống như mô hình SINGA model.
+<code>SONNXModel</code> tạo ra từ <code>model.Model</code> xác định thống nhất API cho SINGA.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="singafrontend"></a><a href="#singafrontend" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SingaFrontend</h3>
+<p>Hàm function đầu vào của <code>SingaFrontend</code> là <code>singa_to_onnx_model</code> cũng được gọi
+là <code>to_onnx</code>. <code>singa_to_onnx_model</code> tạo ra mô hình ONNX model, và nó cũng tạo ra
+một ONNX graph bằng việc sử dụng <code>singa_to_onnx_graph</code>.</p>
+<p><code>singa_to_onnx_graph</code> chấp nhận đầu ra của mô hình, và lặp lại đệ quy graph của
+mô hình SINGA model từ đầu ra để gom tất cả toán tử tạo thành một hàng. Tensors
+đầu vào và trực tiếp, v.d, weights để train, của mô hình SINGA model được chọn
+cùng một lúc. Đầu vào được lưu trong <code>onnx_model.graph.input</code>; đầu ra được lưu
+trong <code>onnx_model.graph.output</code>; và weights để train được lưu trong
+<code>onnx_model.graph.initializer</code>.</p>
+<p>Sau đó toán tử SINGA operator trong hàng được đổi sang từng toán tử ONNX
+operators. <code>_rename_operators</code> xác định tên toán tử giữa SINGA và ONNX.
+<code>_special_operators</code> xác định function sử dụng để biến đổi toán tử.</p>
+<p>Thêm vào đó, một vài toán tử trong SINGA có các định nghĩa khác với ONNX, chẳng
+hạn như, ONNX coi một vài thuộc tính của toán tử SINGA operators là đầu vào, vì
+thế <code>_unhandled_operators</code> xác định function nào dùng để xử lý toán tử đặc biệt.</p>
+<p>Do dạng bool được coi là dạng int32 trong SINGA, <code>_bool_operators</code> địng nghĩa
+toán tử có thể chuyển sang dạng bool.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="singabackend"></a><a href="#singabackend" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SingaBackend</h3>
+<p>Function đầu vào của <code>SingaBackend</code> là <code>prepare</code> kiểm tra phiên bản nào của mô
+hình ONNX model rồi gọi <code>_onnx_model_to_singa_ops</code>.</p>
+<p>Chức năng của <code>_onnx_model_to_singa_ops</code> là để lấy SINGA tensors và operators.
+Các tensors được lưu trong một thư viện, theo tên trong ONNX, và operators được
+lưu trong hàng ở dạng <code>namedtuple('SingaOps', ['node', 'operator'])</code>. Với mỗi
+toán tử operator, <code>node</code> là một ví dụ từ OnnxNode được dùng để lưu các thông tin
+cơ bản của ONNX node; <code>operator</code> là forward function cho toán tử SINGA;</p>
+<p>Bước đầu tiên của <code>_onnx_model_to_singa_ops</code> có bốn bước, đầu tiên là gọi
+<code>_parse_graph_params</code> để lấy tất các các tensors lưu trong <code>params</code>. Sau đó gọi
+hàm <code>_parse_graph_inputs_outputs</code> để lấy tất cả thông tin đầu vào đầu ra lưu
+trong <code>inputs</code> và <code>outputs</code>. Cuối cùng nó lặp lại tất cả các nodes trong ONNX
+graph và đẩy sang <code>_onnx_node_to_singa_op</code> như SINGA operators hoặc layers và
+lưu chúng thành <code>outputs</code>. Một vài weights được lưu trong ONNX node gọi là
+<code>Constant</code>, SONNX có thể xử lý chúng bằng <code>_onnx_constant_to_np</code> để lưu trong
+<code>params</code>.</p>
+<p>Cuối cùng class này trả lại một đối tượng <code>SingaRep</code> và lưu trên <code>params</code>,
+<code>inputs</code>, <code>outputs</code>, <code>layers</code>.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="singarep"></a><a href="#singarep" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SingaRep</h3>
+<p><code>SingaBackend</code> lưu tất cả SINGA tensors và operators. <code>run</code> chấp nhận đầu vào
+của mô hình và chạy từng toán tử SINGA operators một, theo hàng của toán tử.
+Người dùng có thể sử dụng <code>last_layers</code> để xoá mô hình model sau vài layers cuối
+cùng.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sonnxmodel"></a><a href="#sonnxmodel" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SONNXModel</h3>
+<p><code>SONNXModel</code> được tạo từ <code>sonnx.SONNXModel</code> và thực hiện phương pháp <code>forward</code>
+để cung cấp một API đồng bộ với các mô hình SINGA.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#sử-dụng-chung">Sử dụng chung</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tải-một-onnx-model-trong-singa">Tải một ONNX Model trong SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-với-singa-model">Inference với SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#lưu-model-của-singa-dưới-dạng-onnx">Lưu model của SINGA dưới dạng ONNX</a></li><li><a href="#training-lại-với-model-onnx">Training lại với model ONNX</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-một-model-onnx">Transfer-learning một model ONNX</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#phân-loại-hình-ảnh-image-classification">Phân loại hình ảnh (Image Classification)</a></li><li><a href="#nhận-diện-đối-tượng-object-detection">Nhận Diện Đối Tượng (Object Detection)</a></li><li><a href="#phân-tích-khuôn-mặt-face-analysis">Phân tích Khuôn Mặt (Face Analysis)</a></li><li><a href="#máy-hiểu-machine-comprehension">Máy Hiểu (Machine Comprehension)</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#các-toán-tử-operators-được-hỗ-trợ">Các toán tử (Operators) được hỗ trợ</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#các-lưu-ý-đặc-biệt-cho-onnx-backend">Các lưu ý đặc biệt cho ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#thực-hiện">Thực hiện</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li><li><a href="#sonnxmodel">SONNXModel</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
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+<p><a href="https://onnx.ai/">ONNX</a> là một định dạng đại diện mở dùng trong các model của
+machine learning, cho phép nhà phát triển AI sử dụng các models trên các
+libraries và công cụ khác nhau. SINGA hỗ trợ tải các models dạng ONNX trong
+training và inference, và lưu các models ở dạng ONNX với SINGA APIs (e.g.,
+<a href="./module">Module</a>).</p>
+<p>SINGA đã được thử nghiệm với
+<a href="https://github.com/onnx/onnx/blob/master/docs/Versioning.md">phiên bản sau</a> của
+ONNX.</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Phiên bản ONNX</th><th>Phiên bản định dạng tệp tin</th><th>Opset phiên bản ai.onnx</th><th>Opset phiên bản ai.onnx.ml</th><th>Opset phiên bản ai.onnx.training</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>1.6.0</td><td>6</td><td>11</td><td>2</td><td>-</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sử-dụng-chung"></a><a href="#sử-dụng-chung" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sử dụng chung</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tải-một-onnx-model-trong-singa"></a><a href="#tải-một-onnx-model-trong-singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tải một ONNX Model trong SINGA</h3>
+<p>Sau khi tải một ONNX model từ disk qua <code>onnx.load</code>, bạn chỉ cần cập nhật
+batch-size của input sử dụng <code>tensor.PlaceHolder</code> sau SINGA v3.0, shape của
+internal tensors sẽ tự động được tạo ra.</p>
+<p>Sau đó, bạn định nghĩa một class thừa hưởng từ <code>sonnx.SONNXModel</code> và thực hiện
+hai phương pháp <code>forward</code> cho quá trình forward và <code>train_one_batch</code> cho quá
+trình training. Sau khi gọi hàm <code>model.compile</code>, hàm SONNX sẽ lặp lại và dịch
+tất cả các nodes trong phạm vi graph của ONNX model sang các hàm SINGA, tải tất
+cả weights đã lưu trữ và tạo ra shape của từng tensor trung gian.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> onnx
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> device
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> sonnx
+
+<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyModel</span><span class="hljs-params">(sonnx.SONNXModel)</span>:</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, onnx_model)</span>:</span>
+ super(MyModel, self).__init__(onnx_model)
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, *x)</span>:</span>
+ y = super(MyModel, self).forward(*x)
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Since SINGA model returns the output as a list,</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># if there is only one output,</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># you just need to take the first element.</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(self, x, y)</span>:</span>
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">pass</span>
+
+model_path = <span class="hljs-string">"PATH/To/ONNX/MODEL"</span>
+onnx_model = onnx.load(model_path)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># convert onnx model into SINGA model</span>
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()
+x = tensor.PlaceHolder(INPUT.shape, device=dev)
+model = MyModel(onnx_model)
+model.compile([x], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>, use_graph=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="inference-với-singa-model"></a><a href="#inference-với-singa-model" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Inference với SINGA model</h3>
+<p>Sau khi tạo models, bạn có thể tiến hành inference bằng cách gọi hàm
+<code>model.forward</code>. Đầu vào và đầu ra phải ở dạng phiên bản của SINGA <code>Tensor</code>.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3"><span class="hljs-attr">x</span> = tensor.Tensor(device=dev, data=INPUT)
+<span class="hljs-attr">y</span> = model.forward(x)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="lưu-model-của-singa-dưới-dạng-onnx"></a><a href="#lưu-model-của-singa-dưới-dạng-onnx" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Lưu model của SINGA dưới dạng ONNX</h3>
+<p>Với hàm tensors đầu vào và đầu ra được tạo ra bởi các hàm của model, bạn có thể
+truy nguyên đến tất cả các hàm nội bộ. Bởi vậy, một model SINGA được xác định
+bởi tensors đầu vào và đầu ra. Để biến một model SINGA sang dạng ONNX, bạn chỉ
+cần cung cấp danh sách tensor đầu vào và đầu ra.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3"># <span class="hljs-symbol">x</span> is the input tensor, <span class="hljs-symbol">y</span> is the output tensor
+sonnx.to_onnx([<span class="hljs-symbol">x</span>], [<span class="hljs-symbol">y</span>])
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="training-lại-với-model-onnx"></a><a href="#training-lại-với-model-onnx" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Training lại với model ONNX</h3>
+<p>Để train (hay luyện) một model ONNX sử dụng SINGA, bạn cần thực hiện
+<code>train_one_batch</code> từ <code>sonnx.SONNXModel</code> và đánh dấu <code>is_train=True</code> khi gọi hàm
+<code>model.compile</code>.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3">from singa import opt
+from singa import autograd
+
+<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyModel</span>(<span class="hljs-title">sonnx</span>.<span class="hljs-title">SONNXModel</span>):</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, onnx_model)</span></span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(MyModel, <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>).__init_<span class="hljs-number">_</span>(onnx_model)
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, *x)</span></span>:
+ y = <span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(MyModel, <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>).forward(*x)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, x, y, dist_option, spars)</span></span>:
+ out = <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.forward(x)
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_update(loss)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp16'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_update_half(loss)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'partialUpdate'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_partial_update(loss)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseTopK'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=True,
+ spars=spars)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseThreshold'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=False,
+ spars=spars)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">set_optimizer</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, optimizer)</span></span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer = optimizer
+
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>.<span class="hljs-number">005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>.<span class="hljs-number">9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>e-<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+model.compile([tx], is_train=True, use_graph=graph, sequential=True)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="transfer-learning-một-model-onnx"></a><a href="#transfer-learning-một-model-onnx" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Transfer-learning một model ONNX</h3>
+<p>Bạn cũng có thể thêm một vài layers vào phần cuối của ONNX model để làm
+transfer-learning. Hàm <code>last_layers</code> chấp nhận một số nguyên âm để chỉ layer bị
+cắt ra. Ví dụ, <code>-1</code> nghĩa là bị cắt ra sau kết quả cuối cùng (không xoá bớt
+layer nào) <code>-2</code> nghĩa là bị cắt ra sau hai layer cuối cùng.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python3">from singa import opt
+from singa import autograd
+
+<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyModel</span>(<span class="hljs-title">sonnx</span>.<span class="hljs-title">SONNXModel</span>):</span>
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">__init__</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, onnx_model)</span></span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(MyModel, <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>).__init_<span class="hljs-number">_</span>(onnx_model)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.linear = layer.Linear(<span class="hljs-number">1000</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>)
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">forward</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, *x)</span></span>:
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># cut off after the last third layer</span>
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># and append a linear layer</span>
+ y = <span class="hljs-keyword">super</span>(MyModel, <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>).forward(*x, last_layers=-<span class="hljs-number">3</span>)[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]
+ y = <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.linear(y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> y
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">train_one_batch</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, x, y, dist_option, spars)</span></span>:
+ out = <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.forward(x)
+ loss = autograd.softmax_cross_entropy(out, y)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_update(loss)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'fp16'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_update_half(loss)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'partialUpdate'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_partial_update(loss)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseTopK'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=True,
+ spars=spars)
+ elif dist_option == <span class="hljs-string">'sparseThreshold'</span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer.backward_and_sparse_update(loss,
+ topK=False,
+ spars=spars)
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> out, loss
+
+ <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">set_optimizer</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>, optimizer)</span></span>:
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">self</span>.optimizer = optimizer
+
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>.<span class="hljs-number">005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>.<span class="hljs-number">9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>e-<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+model.compile([tx], is_train=True, use_graph=graph, sequential=True)
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="onnx-model-zoo"></a><a href="#onnx-model-zoo" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>ONNX model zoo</h2>
+<p><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models">ONNX Model Zoo</a> là tổ hợp các models ở dạng
+ONNX, đã được train có kết quả tốt nhất, đóng góp bởi cộng đồng thành viên.
+SINGA giờ đây đã hỗ trợ một số models CV và NLP. Chúng tôi dự định sẽ sớm hỗ trợ
+thêm các models khác.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="phân-loại-hình-ảnh-image-classification"></a><a href="#phân-loại-hình-ảnh-image-classification" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Phân loại hình ảnh (Image Classification)</h3>
+<p>Tổ hợp models này có đầu vào là hình ảnh, sau đó phân loại các đối tượng chính
+trong hình ảnh thành 1000 mục đối tượng như bàn phím, chuột, bút chì, và các
+động vật.</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model Class</th><th>Tham khảo</th><th>Mô tả</th><th>Đường dẫn</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/mobilenet">MobileNet</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.04381">Sandler et al.</a></td><td>deep neural network nhỏ, nhẹ phù hợp nhất cho điện thoại và ứng dụng hình ảnh đính kèm. <br>Top-5 error từ báo cáo - ~10%</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1HsixqJMIpKyEPhkbB8jy7NwNEFEAUWAf"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Mở trên Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/resnet">ResNet18</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1512.03385">He et al.</a></td><td>Mô hình CNN (lên tới 152 layers). Sử dụng liên kết ngắn gọn để đạt độ chính xác cao hơn khi phân loại hình ảnh. <br> Top-5 error từ báo cáo - ~3.6%</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1u1RYefSsVbiP4I-5wiBKHjsT9L0FxLm9"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Mở trên Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/vgg">VGG16</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.1556">Simonyan et al.</a></td><td>Mô hình CNN chuyên sâu (lên tới 19 layers). Tương tự như AlexNet nhưng sử dụng nhiều loại filters cỡ kernel nhỏ hơn mang lại độ chính xác cao hơn khi phân loại hình ảnh. <br>Top-5 từ báo cáo - ~8%</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/14kxgRKtbjPCKKsDJVNi3AvTev81Gp_Ds"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Mở trên Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/classification/shufflenet">ShuffleNet_V2</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.01083.pdf">Simonyan et al.</a></td><td>Mô hình CNN cực kỳ hiệu quả trong sử dụng tài nguyên, được thiết kế đặc biệt cho các thiết bị di động. Mạng lưới thiết kế hệ mô hình sử dụng số liệu trực tiếp như tốc độ, thay vì các số liệu gián tiếp như FLOP. Top-1 error từ báo cáo - ~30.6%</td><td>[<img src="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19HfRu3YHP_H2z3BcZujVFRp23_J5XsuA?usp=sharing" alt="Mở trên Colab"></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p>Chúng tôi cung cấp ví dụ re-training sử dụng VGG và ResNet, vui lòng xem tại
+<code>examples/onnx/training</code>.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="nhận-diện-đối-tượng-object-detection"></a><a href="#nhận-diện-đối-tượng-object-detection" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Nhận Diện Đối Tượng (Object Detection)</h3>
+<p>Các models Object detection nhận diện sự hiện diện của các đối tượng trong một
+hình ảnh và phân đoạn ra các khu vực của bức ảnh mà đối tượng được nhận diện.</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model Class</th><th>Tham khảo</th><th>Mô tả</th><th>Đường dẫn</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/object_detection_segmentation/tiny_yolov2">Tiny YOLOv2</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1612.08242.pdf">Redmon et al.</a></td><td>Mô hình CNN thời gian thực cho Nhận diện đối tượng có thể nhận diện 20 loại đối tượng khác nhau. Phiên bản nhỏ của mô hình phức tạp Yolov2.</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/11V4I6cRjIJNUv5ZGsEGwqHuoQEie6b1T"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Mở trên Colab"></a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="phân-tích-khuôn-mặt-face-analysis"></a><a href="#phân-tích-khuôn-mặt-face-analysis" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Phân tích Khuôn Mặt (Face Analysis)</h3>
+<p>Các mô hình Nhận Diện Khuôn Mặt xác định và/hoặc nhận diện khuôn mặt người và
+các trạng thái cảm xúc trong bức ảnh.</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model Class</th><th>Tham khảo</th><th>Mô tả</th><th>Đường dẫn</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/body_analysis/arcface">ArcFace</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.07698">Deng et al.</a></td><td>Mô hình dựa trên CNN để nhận diện khuôn mặt, học từ các đặc tính khác nhau trên khuôn mặt và tạo ra các embeddings cho hình ảnh khuôn mặt đầu vào.</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1qanaqUKGIDtifdzEzJOHjEj4kYzA9uJC"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/vision/body_analysis/emotion_ferplus">Emotion FerPlus</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.01041">Barsoum et al.</a></td><td>Mô hình CNN chuyên sâu nhận diện cảm xúc được train trên các hình ảnh khuôn mặt.</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1XHtBQGRhe58PDi4LGYJzYueWBeWbO23r"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="máy-hiểu-machine-comprehension"></a><a href="#máy-hiểu-machine-comprehension" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Máy Hiểu (Machine Comprehension)</h3>
+<p>Một dạng của mô hình xử lý ngôn ngữ tự nhiên giúp trả lời câu hỏi trên một đoạn
+ngôn ngữ cung cấp.</p>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Model Class</th><th>Tham khảo</th><th>Mô tả</th><th>Đường dẫn</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/text/machine_comprehension/bert-squad">BERT-Squad</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.04805.pdf">Devlin et al.</a></td><td>Mô hình này trả lời câu hỏi dựa trên ngữ cảnh của đoạn văn đầu vào.</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1kud-lUPjS_u-TkDAzihBTw0Vqr0FjCE-"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Mở trên Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/text/machine_comprehension/roberta">RoBERTa</a></b></td><td><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.11692.pdf">Devlin et al.</a></td><td>Mô hình transformer-based kích thước lớn, dự đoán ngữ nghĩa dựa trên đoạn văn đầu vào.</td><td><a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1F-c4LJSx3Cb2jW6tP7f8nAZDigyLH6iN?usp=sharing"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Mở trên Colab"></a></td></tr>
+<tr><td><b><a href="https://github.com/onnx/models/tree/master/text/machine_comprehension/gpt-2">GPT-2</a></b></td><td><a href="https://d4mucfpksywv.cloudfront.net/better-language-models/language_models_are_unsupervised_multitask_learners.pdf">Devlin et al.</a></td><td>Mô hình ngôn ngữ transformer-based kích thước lớn, đưa ra một đoạn chữ, rồi dự đoán từ tiếp theo.</td><td>[<img src="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1ZlXLSIMppPch6HgzKRillJiUcWn3PiK7?usp=sharing" alt="Mở trên Colab"></td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="các-toán-tử-operators-được-hỗ-trợ"></a><a href="#các-toán-tử-operators-được-hỗ-trợ" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Các toán tử (Operators) được hỗ trợ</h2>
+<p>Chúng tôi hỗ trợ các toán tử sau:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Acos</li>
+<li>Acosh</li>
+<li>Add</li>
+<li>And</li>
+<li>Asin</li>
+<li>Asinh</li>
+<li>Atan</li>
+<li>Atanh</li>
+<li>AveragePool</li>
+<li>BatchNormalization</li>
+<li>Cast</li>
+<li>Ceil</li>
+<li>Clip</li>
+<li>Concat</li>
+<li>ConstantOfShape</li>
+<li>Conv</li>
+<li>Cos</li>
+<li>Cosh</li>
+<li>Div</li>
+<li>Dropout</li>
+<li>Elu</li>
+<li>Equal</li>
+<li>Erf</li>
+<li>Expand</li>
+<li>Flatten</li>
+<li>Gather</li>
+<li>Gemm</li>
+<li>GlobalAveragePool</li>
+<li>Greater</li>
+<li>HardSigmoid</li>
+<li>Identity</li>
+<li>LeakyRelu</li>
+<li>Less</li>
+<li>Log</li>
+<li>MatMul</li>
+<li>Max</li>
+<li>MaxPool</li>
+<li>Mean</li>
+<li>Min</li>
+<li>Mul</li>
+<li>Neg</li>
+<li>NonZero</li>
+<li>Not</li>
+<li>OneHot</li>
+<li>Or</li>
+<li>Pad</li>
+<li>Pow</li>
+<li>PRelu</li>
+<li>Reciprocal</li>
+<li>ReduceMean</li>
+<li>ReduceSum</li>
+<li>Relu</li>
+<li>Reshape</li>
+<li>ScatterElements</li>
+<li>Selu</li>
+<li>Shape</li>
+<li>Sigmoid</li>
+<li>Sign</li>
+<li>Sin</li>
+<li>Sinh</li>
+<li>Slice</li>
+<li>Softmax</li>
+<li>Softplus</li>
+<li>Softsign</li>
+<li>Split</li>
+<li>Sqrt</li>
+<li>Squeeze</li>
+<li>Sub</li>
+<li>Sum</li>
+<li>Tan</li>
+<li>Tanh</li>
+<li>Tile</li>
+<li>Transpose</li>
+<li>Unsqueeze</li>
+<li>Upsample</li>
+<li>Where</li>
+<li>Xor</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="các-lưu-ý-đặc-biệt-cho-onnx-backend"></a><a href="#các-lưu-ý-đặc-biệt-cho-onnx-backend" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Các lưu ý đặc biệt cho ONNX backend</h3>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Conv, MaxPool và AveragePool</p>
+<p>Đầu vào phải có shape 1d<code>(N*C*H)</code> và 2d(<code>N*C*H*W</code>) trong khi <code>dilation</code> phải
+là 1.</p></li>
+<li><p>BatchNormalization</p>
+<p><code>epsilon</code> là 1e-05 và không được đổi.</p></li>
+<li><p>Cast</p>
+<p>Chỉ hỗ trợ float32 và int32, các dạng khác phải được cast thành hai dạng này.</p></li>
+<li><p>Squeeze và Unsqueeze</p>
+<p>Nếu gặp lỗi khi dùng <code>Squeeze</code> hay <code>Unsqueeze</code> giữa <code>Tensor</code> và Scalar, vui
+lòng báo cho chúng tôi.</p></li>
+<li><p>Empty tensor Empty tensor không được chấp nhận trong SINGA.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="thực-hiện"></a><a href="#thực-hiện" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Thực hiện</h2>
+<p>Mã code của SINGA ONNX được đặt trong <code>python/singa/soonx.py</code>. Có bốn loại
+chính, <code>SingaFrontend</code>, <code>SingaBackend</code>, <code>SingaRep</code> và <code>SONNXModel</code>.
+<code>SingaFrontend</code> qui đổi mô hình SINGA model sang mô hình ONNX model;
+<code>SingaBackend</code> biến mô hình ONNX model sang đối tượng <code>SingaRep</code> giúp lưu trữ
+tất cả các toán tử SINGA operators và tensors(tensor trong văn bản này nghĩa là
+SINGA <code>Tensor</code>); <code>SingaRep</code> có thẻ chạy giống như mô hình SINGA model.
+<code>SONNXModel</code> tạo ra từ <code>model.Model</code> xác định thống nhất API cho SINGA.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="singafrontend"></a><a href="#singafrontend" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SingaFrontend</h3>
+<p>Hàm function đầu vào của <code>SingaFrontend</code> là <code>singa_to_onnx_model</code> cũng được gọi
+là <code>to_onnx</code>. <code>singa_to_onnx_model</code> tạo ra mô hình ONNX model, và nó cũng tạo ra
+một ONNX graph bằng việc sử dụng <code>singa_to_onnx_graph</code>.</p>
+<p><code>singa_to_onnx_graph</code> chấp nhận đầu ra của mô hình, và lặp lại đệ quy graph của
+mô hình SINGA model từ đầu ra để gom tất cả toán tử tạo thành một hàng. Tensors
+đầu vào và trực tiếp, v.d, weights để train, của mô hình SINGA model được chọn
+cùng một lúc. Đầu vào được lưu trong <code>onnx_model.graph.input</code>; đầu ra được lưu
+trong <code>onnx_model.graph.output</code>; và weights để train được lưu trong
+<code>onnx_model.graph.initializer</code>.</p>
+<p>Sau đó toán tử SINGA operator trong hàng được đổi sang từng toán tử ONNX
+operators. <code>_rename_operators</code> xác định tên toán tử giữa SINGA và ONNX.
+<code>_special_operators</code> xác định function sử dụng để biến đổi toán tử.</p>
+<p>Thêm vào đó, một vài toán tử trong SINGA có các định nghĩa khác với ONNX, chẳng
+hạn như, ONNX coi một vài thuộc tính của toán tử SINGA operators là đầu vào, vì
+thế <code>_unhandled_operators</code> xác định function nào dùng để xử lý toán tử đặc biệt.</p>
+<p>Do dạng bool được coi là dạng int32 trong SINGA, <code>_bool_operators</code> địng nghĩa
+toán tử có thể chuyển sang dạng bool.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="singabackend"></a><a href="#singabackend" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SingaBackend</h3>
+<p>Function đầu vào của <code>SingaBackend</code> là <code>prepare</code> kiểm tra phiên bản nào của mô
+hình ONNX model rồi gọi <code>_onnx_model_to_singa_ops</code>.</p>
+<p>Chức năng của <code>_onnx_model_to_singa_ops</code> là để lấy SINGA tensors và operators.
+Các tensors được lưu trong một thư viện, theo tên trong ONNX, và operators được
+lưu trong hàng ở dạng <code>namedtuple('SingaOps', ['node', 'operator'])</code>. Với mỗi
+toán tử operator, <code>node</code> là một ví dụ từ OnnxNode được dùng để lưu các thông tin
+cơ bản của ONNX node; <code>operator</code> là forward function cho toán tử SINGA;</p>
+<p>Bước đầu tiên của <code>_onnx_model_to_singa_ops</code> có bốn bước, đầu tiên là gọi
+<code>_parse_graph_params</code> để lấy tất các các tensors lưu trong <code>params</code>. Sau đó gọi
+hàm <code>_parse_graph_inputs_outputs</code> để lấy tất cả thông tin đầu vào đầu ra lưu
+trong <code>inputs</code> và <code>outputs</code>. Cuối cùng nó lặp lại tất cả các nodes trong ONNX
+graph và đẩy sang <code>_onnx_node_to_singa_op</code> như SINGA operators hoặc layers và
+lưu chúng thành <code>outputs</code>. Một vài weights được lưu trong ONNX node gọi là
+<code>Constant</code>, SONNX có thể xử lý chúng bằng <code>_onnx_constant_to_np</code> để lưu trong
+<code>params</code>.</p>
+<p>Cuối cùng class này trả lại một đối tượng <code>SingaRep</code> và lưu trên <code>params</code>,
+<code>inputs</code>, <code>outputs</code>, <code>layers</code>.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="singarep"></a><a href="#singarep" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SingaRep</h3>
+<p><code>SingaBackend</code> lưu tất cả SINGA tensors và operators. <code>run</code> chấp nhận đầu vào
+của mô hình và chạy từng toán tử SINGA operators một, theo hàng của toán tử.
+Người dùng có thể sử dụng <code>last_layers</code> để xoá mô hình model sau vài layers cuối
+cùng.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sonnxmodel"></a><a href="#sonnxmodel" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SONNXModel</h3>
+<p><code>SONNXModel</code> được tạo từ <code>sonnx.SONNXModel</code> và thực hiện phương pháp <code>forward</code>
+để cung cấp một API đồng bộ với các mô hình SINGA.</p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#sử-dụng-chung">Sử dụng chung</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tải-một-onnx-model-trong-singa">Tải một ONNX Model trong SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-với-singa-model">Inference với SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#lưu-model-của-singa-dưới-dạng-onnx">Lưu model của SINGA dưới dạng ONNX</a></li><li><a href="#training-lại-với-model-onnx">Training lại với model ONNX</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-một-model-onnx">Transfer-learning một model ONNX</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#phân-loại-hình-ảnh-image-classification">Phân loại hình ảnh (Image Classification)</a></li><li><a href="#nhận-diện-đối-tượng-object-detection">Nhận Diện Đối Tượng (Object Detection)</a></li><li><a href="#phân-tích-khuôn-mặt-face-analysis">Phân tích Khuôn Mặt (Face Analysis)</a></li><li><a href="#máy-hiểu-machine-comprehension">Máy Hiểu (Machine Comprehension)</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#các-toán-tử-operators-được-hỗ-trợ">Các toán tử (Operators) được hỗ trợ</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#các-lưu-ý-đặc-biệt-cho-onnx-backend">Các lưu ý đặc biệt cho ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#thực-hiện">Thực hiện</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li><li><a href="#sonnxmodel">SONNXModel</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Optimizer · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Optimizer · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<p>SINGA hỗ trợ đa dạng các thuật toán tối ưu (optimizers) phổ biến bao gồm
+stochastic gradient descent với momentum, Adam, RMSProp, và AdaGrad, etc. Với
+mỗi thuật toán tối ưu, SINGA hỗ trợ để sử dụng decay schedular để lên kế hoạch
+learning rate áp dụng trong các epochs khác nhau. Các mỗi thuật toán tối ưu và
+decay schedulers có trong <code>singa/opt.py</code>.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tạo-thuật-toán-tối-ưu"></a><a href="#tạo-thuật-toán-tối-ưu" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tạo thuật toán tối ưu</h2>
+<ol>
+<li>SGD với momentum</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter learning rate</span>
+lr = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter momentum</span>
+momentum = <span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter weight decay</span>
+weight_decay = <span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=lr, momentum=momentum, weight_decay=weight_decay)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>RMSProp</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter learning rate</span>
+lr = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter rho</span>
+rho = <span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter epsilon</span>
+epsilon = <span class="hljs-number">1e-8</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter weight decay</span>
+weight_decay = <span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+sgd = opt.RMSProp(lr=lr, rho=rho, epsilon=epsilon, weight_decay=weight_decay)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>AdaGrad</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter learning rate</span>
+lr = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter epsilon</span>
+epsilon = <span class="hljs-number">1e-8</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter weight decay</span>
+weight_decay = <span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+sgd = opt.AdaGrad(lr=lr, epsilon=epsilon, weight_decay=weight_decay)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="4">
+<li>Adam</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter learning rate</span>
+lr = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter beta 1</span>
+beta_1= <span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter beta 2</span>
+beta_1= <span class="hljs-number">0.999</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter epsilon</span>
+epsilon = <span class="hljs-number">1e-8</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter weight decay</span>
+weight_decay = <span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+sgd = opt.Adam(lr=lr, beta_1=beta_1, beta_2=beta_2, epsilon=epsilon, weight_decay=weight_decay)
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tạo-decay-scheduler"></a><a href="#tạo-decay-scheduler" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tạo Decay Scheduler</h2>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định learning rate ban đầu</span>
+lr_init = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định rate của decay trong decay scheduler</span>
+decay_rate = <span class="hljs-number">0.95</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định learning rate schedule có ở dạng staircase shape</span>
+staircase=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định bước decay của decay scheduler (trong ví dụ này lr giảm sau mỗi 2 bước)</span>
+decay_steps = <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># tạo decay scheduler, schedule của lr trở thành lr_init * (decay_rate ^ (step // decay_steps) )</span>
+lr = opt.ExponentialDecay(<span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.5</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># sử dụng lr để tạo một thuật toán tối ưu</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=lr, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sử-dụng-thuật-toán-tối-ưu-trong-model-api"></a><a href="#sử-dụng-thuật-toán-tối-ưu-trong-model-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sử dụng thuật toán tối ưu trong Model API</h2>
+<p>Khi tạo mô hình model, cần đính kèm thuật toán tối ưu vào model.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># tạo CNN sử dụng Model API</span>
+model = CNN()
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># khởi tạo thuật toán tối ưu và đính vào model</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Sau đó, khi gọi hàm model, chạy phương pháp <code>train_one_batch</code> để sử dụng thuật
+toán tối ưu.</p>
+<p>Do vậy, một ví dụ cho lặp lại loop để tối ưu hoá model là:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_train_batch):
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># tạo mini-batch tiếp theo</span>
+ x, y = ...
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Copy dữ liệu vào tensors đầu vào</span>
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(x)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(y)
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Train với một batch</span>
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tạo-thuật-toán-tối-ưu">Tạo thuật toán tối ưu</a></li><li><a href="#tạo-decay-scheduler">Tạo Decay Scheduler</a></li><li><a href="#sử-dụng-thuật-toán-tối-ưu-trong-model-api">Sử dụng thuật toán tối ưu trong Model API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>SINGA hỗ trợ đa dạng các thuật toán tối ưu (optimizers) phổ biến bao gồm
+stochastic gradient descent với momentum, Adam, RMSProp, và AdaGrad, etc. Với
+mỗi thuật toán tối ưu, SINGA hỗ trợ để sử dụng decay schedular để lên kế hoạch
+learning rate áp dụng trong các epochs khác nhau. Các mỗi thuật toán tối ưu và
+decay schedulers có trong <code>singa/opt.py</code>.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tạo-thuật-toán-tối-ưu"></a><a href="#tạo-thuật-toán-tối-ưu" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tạo thuật toán tối ưu</h2>
+<ol>
+<li>SGD với momentum</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter learning rate</span>
+lr = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter momentum</span>
+momentum = <span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter weight decay</span>
+weight_decay = <span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=lr, momentum=momentum, weight_decay=weight_decay)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li>RMSProp</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter learning rate</span>
+lr = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter rho</span>
+rho = <span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter epsilon</span>
+epsilon = <span class="hljs-number">1e-8</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter weight decay</span>
+weight_decay = <span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+sgd = opt.RMSProp(lr=lr, rho=rho, epsilon=epsilon, weight_decay=weight_decay)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="3">
+<li>AdaGrad</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter learning rate</span>
+lr = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter epsilon</span>
+epsilon = <span class="hljs-number">1e-8</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter weight decay</span>
+weight_decay = <span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+sgd = opt.AdaGrad(lr=lr, epsilon=epsilon, weight_decay=weight_decay)
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="4">
+<li>Adam</li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter learning rate</span>
+lr = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter beta 1</span>
+beta_1= <span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter beta 2</span>
+beta_1= <span class="hljs-number">0.999</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter epsilon</span>
+epsilon = <span class="hljs-number">1e-8</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định hyperparameter weight decay</span>
+weight_decay = <span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+sgd = opt.Adam(lr=lr, beta_1=beta_1, beta_2=beta_2, epsilon=epsilon, weight_decay=weight_decay)
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tạo-decay-scheduler"></a><a href="#tạo-decay-scheduler" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tạo Decay Scheduler</h2>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> opt
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định learning rate ban đầu</span>
+lr_init = <span class="hljs-number">0.001</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định rate của decay trong decay scheduler</span>
+decay_rate = <span class="hljs-number">0.95</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định learning rate schedule có ở dạng staircase shape</span>
+staircase=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>
+<span class="hljs-comment"># xác định bước decay của decay scheduler (trong ví dụ này lr giảm sau mỗi 2 bước)</span>
+decay_steps = <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># tạo decay scheduler, schedule của lr trở thành lr_init * (decay_rate ^ (step // decay_steps) )</span>
+lr = opt.ExponentialDecay(<span class="hljs-number">0.1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.5</span>, <span class="hljs-literal">True</span>)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># sử dụng lr để tạo một thuật toán tối ưu</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=lr, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">0.0001</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sử-dụng-thuật-toán-tối-ưu-trong-model-api"></a><a href="#sử-dụng-thuật-toán-tối-ưu-trong-model-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Sử dụng thuật toán tối ưu trong Model API</h2>
+<p>Khi tạo mô hình model, cần đính kèm thuật toán tối ưu vào model.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># tạo CNN sử dụng Model API</span>
+model = CNN()
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># khởi tạo thuật toán tối ưu và đính vào model</span>
+sgd = opt.SGD(lr=<span class="hljs-number">0.005</span>, momentum=<span class="hljs-number">0.9</span>, weight_decay=<span class="hljs-number">1e-5</span>)
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Sau đó, khi gọi hàm model, chạy phương pháp <code>train_one_batch</code> để sử dụng thuật
+toán tối ưu.</p>
+<p>Do vậy, một ví dụ cho lặp lại loop để tối ưu hoá model là:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> b <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(num_train_batch):
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># tạo mini-batch tiếp theo</span>
+ x, y = ...
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Copy dữ liệu vào tensors đầu vào</span>
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(x)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(y)
+
+ <span class="hljs-comment"># Train với một batch</span>
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty)
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tạo-thuật-toán-tối-ưu">Tạo thuật toán tối ưu</a></li><li><a href="#tạo-decay-scheduler">Tạo Decay Scheduler</a></li><li><a href="#sử-dụng-thuật-toán-tối-ưu-trong-model-api">Sử dụng thuật toán tối ưu trong Model API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>Người dùng có thể báo cáo vấn đề bảo mật tới
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new file mode 100644
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+<p>Cấu trúc phần mềm của SINGA bao gồm hai cấp độ chính, cấp thấp backend classes
+và cấp giao diện Python. Hình 1 mô tả chúng cùng với phần cứng. Cấu tạo backend
+cung cấp cấu trúc dữ liệu cơ bản cho các mô hình deep learning, khái quát phần
+cứng để kế hoạch và thực hiện các phép tính, trong khi thành phần communication
+dùng cho distributed training. Giao diện Python tập hợp cấu trúc dữ liệu CPP và
+cung cấp các classes cấp cao bổ sung cho việc train neural network, giúp tiện
+lợi hơn khi thực hiện các mô hình neural network phức tạp.</p>
+<p>Sau đây, chúng tôi giới thiệu cấu trúc phần mềm từ dưới lên.</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/singav3.1-sw.png" alt="Cấu trúc phần mềm SINGA V3"> <br/> <strong>Hình 1 - Cấu trúc
+phần mềm SINGA V3.</strong></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="backend-cấp-thấp"></a><a href="#backend-cấp-thấp" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Backend cấp thấp</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="device"></a><a href="#device" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Device</h3>
+<p>Mỗi trường hợp <code>Device</code>, hay thiết bị, được tạo ra từ một thiết bị phần cứng,
+v.d GPU hay CPU. <code>Device</code> quản lý bộ nhớ của cấu trúc dữ liệu, và lên kế hoạch
+hoạt động cho việc thực hiện, v.d, trên CUDA streams hay CPU threads. Dựa trên
+phần cứng và ngôn ngữ lập trình của nó, SINGA sử dụng các loại device cụ thể
+sau:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong>CudaGPU</strong> tượng trưng cho cạc Nvidia GPU. Đơn vị sử dụng là CUDA streams.</li>
+<li><strong>CppCPU</strong> là một CPU thông thường. Đơn vị sử dụng là CPU threads.</li>
+<li><strong>OpenclGPU</strong> là cạc GPU thông thường cho cả Nvidia và AMD. Đơn vị sử dụng là
+CommandQueues. Do OpenCL tương thích với rất nhiều thiết bị phần cứng, như
+FPGA và ARM, OpenclGPU có thể phù hợp với các thiết bị phần cứng khác.</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor"></a><a href="#tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor</h3>
+<p>Hàm <code>Tensor</code> class là một array đa chiều, lưu trữ biến models, như hình ảnh đầu
+vào và bản đồ đặc tính của convolution layer. Mỗi hàm <code>Tensor</code> (v.d một tensor)
+được đặt trong một thiết bị, giúp quản lý bộ nhớ của tensor và lên kế hoạch
+(phép tính) việc thực hiện với mỗi tensor. Hầu hết phép toán trong machine
+learning có thể thể hiện (dày hoặc mỏng) dựa trên nghĩa và việc sử dụng tensor.
+Bởi vậy SINGA có thể chạy đa dạng nhiều mô hình, bao gồm deep learning và các mô
+hình machine learning truyền thống khác.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="hàm-operator"></a><a href="#hàm-operator" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Hàm Operator</h3>
+<p>Có hai dạng hàm operators cho tensors, đại số tuyến tính (linear algebra) như
+nhân ma trận (matrix multiplication), và các hàm riêng của neural network như
+convolution và pooling. Các hàm đại số tuyến tính được dùng như <code>Tensor</code>
+functions và được áp dụng riêng rẽ với các thiết bị phần cứng khác nhau.</p>
+<ul>
+<li>CppMath (tensor_math_cpp.h) thực hiện hoạt động tensor sử dụng Cpp cho CppCPU</li>
+<li>CudaMath (tensor_math_cuda.h) thực hiện hoạt động tensor sử dụng CUDA cho
+CudaGPU</li>
+<li>OpenclMath (tensor_math_opencl.h) thực hiện hoạt động tensor sử dụng OpenCL
+cho OpenclGPU</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Các toán tử neural network cụ thể cũng được sử dụng riêng rẽ như:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>GpuConvFoward (convolution.h) thực hiện hàm forward function của convolution
+qua CuDNN trên Nvidia GPU.</li>
+<li>CpuConvForward (convolution.h) thực hiện hàm forward function của convolution
+qua CPP trên CPU.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Thông thường, người dùng tạo một hàm <code>Device</code> và sử dụng nó để tạo ra các hàm
+<code>Tensor</code>. Khi gọi chức năng Tensor hoặc dùng trong neural network, việc thực
+hiện tương ứng cho thiết bị sử dụng sẽ được gọi. Nói cách khác, việc áp dụng các
+toán tử là rõ ràng với người dùng.</p>
+<p>Việc dùng Tensor và Device có thể được áp dụng rộng hơn cho đa dạng thiết bị
+phần cứng<br>
+sử dụng ngôn ngữ lập trình. Mỗi thiết bị phần cứng mới sẽ được hỗ trợ bằng cách
+thêm một Device subclass mới và việc áp dụng tương ứng với các toán tử
+operators.</p>
+<p>Tối ưu hoá cho tốc độ và bộ nhớ được thực hiện bởi <code>Scheduler</code> và <code>MemPool</code> của
+<code>Device</code>. Ví dụ, <code>Scheduler</code> tạo ra một <a href="./graph">computational graph</a> dựa theo
+thư viện chương trình của toán tử operators. Sau đó nó có thể tối ưu lệnh thực
+hiện của toán tử trong bộ nhớ chia sẻ và song song.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="communicator"></a><a href="#communicator" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Communicator</h3>
+<p><code>Communicator</code> là để hỗ trợ <a href="./dist-train">distributed training</a>. Nó áp dụng
+communication protocols sử dụng sockets, MPI và NCCL. Thường người dùng chỉ cần
+gọi APIs cấp cao như <code>put()</code> và <code>get()</code> để gửi và nhận tensors. Tối ưu hoá
+Communication cho cấu trúc liên kết, kích cỡ tin nhắn, v.v được thực hiện nội
+bộ.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="giao-diện-python"></a><a href="#giao-diện-python" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Giao diện Python</h2>
+<p>Tất cả thành phần backend được thể hiện dạng Python modules thông qua SWIG. Thêm
+vào đó, các classes sau được thêm vào để hỗ trợ việc áp dụng cho các networks
+phức tạp.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="opt"></a><a href="#opt" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Opt</h3>
+<p><code>Opt</code> và các lớp con áp dụng phương pháp (như SGD) để cập nhật các giá trị tham
+số model sử dụng tham số gradients. Một lớp con <a href="./dist-train">DistOpt</a> đồng bộ
+gradients qua các workers trong distributed training bằng cách gọi phương pháp
+từ <code>Communicator</code>.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="hàm-operator-1"></a><a href="#hàm-operator-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Hàm Operator</h3>
+<p>Hàm <code>Operator</code> gói nhiều functions khác nhau sử dụng toán tử Tensor hoặc neural
+network từ backend. Ví dụ, hàm forward function và backward function <code>ReLU</code> tạo
+ra toán tử <code>ReLU</code> operator.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="layer"></a><a href="#layer" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Layer</h3>
+<p><code>Layer</code> và các lớp con gói các toán tử operators bằng tham số. Ví dụ,
+convolution và linear operators có tham số weight và bias parameters. Tham số
+được duy trì bởi các lớp <code>Layer</code> tương ứng.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="autograd"></a><a href="#autograd" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Autograd</h3>
+<p><a href="./autograd">Autograd</a> sử dụng
+<a href="https://rufflewind.com/2016-12-30/reverse-mode-automatic-differentiation">reverse-mode automatic differentiation</a>
+bằng cách ghi nhớ hoạt động của hàm forward functions của các toán tử rồi tự
+động gọi hàm backward functions ở chiều ngược lại. Tất cả các hàm functions có
+thể được hỗ trợ bởi <code>Scheduler</code> để tạo ra một <a href="./graph">computational graph</a>
+nhằm tối ưu hoá hiệu quả và bộ nhớ.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="model"></a><a href="#model" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Model</h3>
+<p><a href="./graph">Model</a> cung cấp giao diện cơ bản để thực hiện các mô hình models mới.
+Bạn chỉ cần dùng <code>Model</code> và định nghĩa việc thực hiện forward propagation của
+model bằng cách tạo và gọi các layers của toán tử. <code>Model</code> sẽ thực hiện autograd
+và tự động cập nhật tham số thông qua <code>Opt</code> trong khi dữ liệu để training được
+bơm vào đó. Với <code>Model</code> API, SINGA có nhiều lợi thế trong cả lập trình mệnh lệnh
+và lập trình khai báo. Người dùng sử dụng một hệ thống sử dụng <a href="./graph">Model</a>
+API theo dạng lập trình mệnh lệnh như PyTorch. Khác với PyTorch tạo lại phép
+thực thi operations ở mỗi vòng lặp, SINGA hỗ trợ phép thực thi qua cách tạo một
+computational graph hàm súc (khi tính năng này được sử dụng) sau vòng lặp đầu
+tiên. Graph tương tự như đã được tạo bởi các thư viện sử dụng lập trình khai
+báo, như TensorFlow. Vì thế, SINGA có thể áp dụng các kĩ thuật tối ưu hoá bộ nhớ
+và tốc độ qua computational graph.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="onnx"></a><a href="#onnx" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>ONNX</h3>
+<p>Để hỗ trợ ONNX, SINGA áp dụng một <a href="./onnx">sonnx</a> module, bao gồm:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>SingaFrontend để lưu SINGA model ở định dạng onnx.</li>
+<li>SingaBackend để tải model định dạng onnx sang SINGA cho training và inference.</li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#backend-cấp-thấp">Backend cấp thấp</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#hàm-operator">Hàm Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#giao-diện-python">Giao diện Python</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#hàm-operator-1">Hàm Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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+<p>Cấu trúc phần mềm của SINGA bao gồm hai cấp độ chính, cấp thấp backend classes
+và cấp giao diện Python. Hình 1 mô tả chúng cùng với phần cứng. Cấu tạo backend
+cung cấp cấu trúc dữ liệu cơ bản cho các mô hình deep learning, khái quát phần
+cứng để kế hoạch và thực hiện các phép tính, trong khi thành phần communication
+dùng cho distributed training. Giao diện Python tập hợp cấu trúc dữ liệu CPP và
+cung cấp các classes cấp cao bổ sung cho việc train neural network, giúp tiện
+lợi hơn khi thực hiện các mô hình neural network phức tạp.</p>
+<p>Sau đây, chúng tôi giới thiệu cấu trúc phần mềm từ dưới lên.</p>
+<p><img src="/docs/assets/singav3.1-sw.png" alt="Cấu trúc phần mềm SINGA V3"> <br/> <strong>Hình 1 - Cấu trúc
+phần mềm SINGA V3.</strong></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="backend-cấp-thấp"></a><a href="#backend-cấp-thấp" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Backend cấp thấp</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="device"></a><a href="#device" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Device</h3>
+<p>Mỗi trường hợp <code>Device</code>, hay thiết bị, được tạo ra từ một thiết bị phần cứng,
+v.d GPU hay CPU. <code>Device</code> quản lý bộ nhớ của cấu trúc dữ liệu, và lên kế hoạch
+hoạt động cho việc thực hiện, v.d, trên CUDA streams hay CPU threads. Dựa trên
+phần cứng và ngôn ngữ lập trình của nó, SINGA sử dụng các loại device cụ thể
+sau:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><strong>CudaGPU</strong> tượng trưng cho cạc Nvidia GPU. Đơn vị sử dụng là CUDA streams.</li>
+<li><strong>CppCPU</strong> là một CPU thông thường. Đơn vị sử dụng là CPU threads.</li>
+<li><strong>OpenclGPU</strong> là cạc GPU thông thường cho cả Nvidia và AMD. Đơn vị sử dụng là
+CommandQueues. Do OpenCL tương thích với rất nhiều thiết bị phần cứng, như
+FPGA và ARM, OpenclGPU có thể phù hợp với các thiết bị phần cứng khác.</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor"></a><a href="#tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor</h3>
+<p>Hàm <code>Tensor</code> class là một array đa chiều, lưu trữ biến models, như hình ảnh đầu
+vào và bản đồ đặc tính của convolution layer. Mỗi hàm <code>Tensor</code> (v.d một tensor)
+được đặt trong một thiết bị, giúp quản lý bộ nhớ của tensor và lên kế hoạch
+(phép tính) việc thực hiện với mỗi tensor. Hầu hết phép toán trong machine
+learning có thể thể hiện (dày hoặc mỏng) dựa trên nghĩa và việc sử dụng tensor.
+Bởi vậy SINGA có thể chạy đa dạng nhiều mô hình, bao gồm deep learning và các mô
+hình machine learning truyền thống khác.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="hàm-operator"></a><a href="#hàm-operator" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Hàm Operator</h3>
+<p>Có hai dạng hàm operators cho tensors, đại số tuyến tính (linear algebra) như
+nhân ma trận (matrix multiplication), và các hàm riêng của neural network như
+convolution và pooling. Các hàm đại số tuyến tính được dùng như <code>Tensor</code>
+functions và được áp dụng riêng rẽ với các thiết bị phần cứng khác nhau.</p>
+<ul>
+<li>CppMath (tensor_math_cpp.h) thực hiện hoạt động tensor sử dụng Cpp cho CppCPU</li>
+<li>CudaMath (tensor_math_cuda.h) thực hiện hoạt động tensor sử dụng CUDA cho
+CudaGPU</li>
+<li>OpenclMath (tensor_math_opencl.h) thực hiện hoạt động tensor sử dụng OpenCL
+cho OpenclGPU</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Các toán tử neural network cụ thể cũng được sử dụng riêng rẽ như:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>GpuConvFoward (convolution.h) thực hiện hàm forward function của convolution
+qua CuDNN trên Nvidia GPU.</li>
+<li>CpuConvForward (convolution.h) thực hiện hàm forward function của convolution
+qua CPP trên CPU.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Thông thường, người dùng tạo một hàm <code>Device</code> và sử dụng nó để tạo ra các hàm
+<code>Tensor</code>. Khi gọi chức năng Tensor hoặc dùng trong neural network, việc thực
+hiện tương ứng cho thiết bị sử dụng sẽ được gọi. Nói cách khác, việc áp dụng các
+toán tử là rõ ràng với người dùng.</p>
+<p>Việc dùng Tensor và Device có thể được áp dụng rộng hơn cho đa dạng thiết bị
+phần cứng<br>
+sử dụng ngôn ngữ lập trình. Mỗi thiết bị phần cứng mới sẽ được hỗ trợ bằng cách
+thêm một Device subclass mới và việc áp dụng tương ứng với các toán tử
+operators.</p>
+<p>Tối ưu hoá cho tốc độ và bộ nhớ được thực hiện bởi <code>Scheduler</code> và <code>MemPool</code> của
+<code>Device</code>. Ví dụ, <code>Scheduler</code> tạo ra một <a href="./graph">computational graph</a> dựa theo
+thư viện chương trình của toán tử operators. Sau đó nó có thể tối ưu lệnh thực
+hiện của toán tử trong bộ nhớ chia sẻ và song song.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="communicator"></a><a href="#communicator" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Communicator</h3>
+<p><code>Communicator</code> là để hỗ trợ <a href="./dist-train">distributed training</a>. Nó áp dụng
+communication protocols sử dụng sockets, MPI và NCCL. Thường người dùng chỉ cần
+gọi APIs cấp cao như <code>put()</code> và <code>get()</code> để gửi và nhận tensors. Tối ưu hoá
+Communication cho cấu trúc liên kết, kích cỡ tin nhắn, v.v được thực hiện nội
+bộ.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="giao-diện-python"></a><a href="#giao-diện-python" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Giao diện Python</h2>
+<p>Tất cả thành phần backend được thể hiện dạng Python modules thông qua SWIG. Thêm
+vào đó, các classes sau được thêm vào để hỗ trợ việc áp dụng cho các networks
+phức tạp.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="opt"></a><a href="#opt" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Opt</h3>
+<p><code>Opt</code> và các lớp con áp dụng phương pháp (như SGD) để cập nhật các giá trị tham
+số model sử dụng tham số gradients. Một lớp con <a href="./dist-train">DistOpt</a> đồng bộ
+gradients qua các workers trong distributed training bằng cách gọi phương pháp
+từ <code>Communicator</code>.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="hàm-operator-1"></a><a href="#hàm-operator-1" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Hàm Operator</h3>
+<p>Hàm <code>Operator</code> gói nhiều functions khác nhau sử dụng toán tử Tensor hoặc neural
+network từ backend. Ví dụ, hàm forward function và backward function <code>ReLU</code> tạo
+ra toán tử <code>ReLU</code> operator.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="layer"></a><a href="#layer" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Layer</h3>
+<p><code>Layer</code> và các lớp con gói các toán tử operators bằng tham số. Ví dụ,
+convolution và linear operators có tham số weight và bias parameters. Tham số
+được duy trì bởi các lớp <code>Layer</code> tương ứng.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="autograd"></a><a href="#autograd" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Autograd</h3>
+<p><a href="./autograd">Autograd</a> sử dụng
+<a href="https://rufflewind.com/2016-12-30/reverse-mode-automatic-differentiation">reverse-mode automatic differentiation</a>
+bằng cách ghi nhớ hoạt động của hàm forward functions của các toán tử rồi tự
+động gọi hàm backward functions ở chiều ngược lại. Tất cả các hàm functions có
+thể được hỗ trợ bởi <code>Scheduler</code> để tạo ra một <a href="./graph">computational graph</a>
+nhằm tối ưu hoá hiệu quả và bộ nhớ.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="model"></a><a href="#model" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Model</h3>
+<p><a href="./graph">Model</a> cung cấp giao diện cơ bản để thực hiện các mô hình models mới.
+Bạn chỉ cần dùng <code>Model</code> và định nghĩa việc thực hiện forward propagation của
+model bằng cách tạo và gọi các layers của toán tử. <code>Model</code> sẽ thực hiện autograd
+và tự động cập nhật tham số thông qua <code>Opt</code> trong khi dữ liệu để training được
+bơm vào đó. Với <code>Model</code> API, SINGA có nhiều lợi thế trong cả lập trình mệnh lệnh
+và lập trình khai báo. Người dùng sử dụng một hệ thống sử dụng <a href="./graph">Model</a>
+API theo dạng lập trình mệnh lệnh như PyTorch. Khác với PyTorch tạo lại phép
+thực thi operations ở mỗi vòng lặp, SINGA hỗ trợ phép thực thi qua cách tạo một
+computational graph hàm súc (khi tính năng này được sử dụng) sau vòng lặp đầu
+tiên. Graph tương tự như đã được tạo bởi các thư viện sử dụng lập trình khai
+báo, như TensorFlow. Vì thế, SINGA có thể áp dụng các kĩ thuật tối ưu hoá bộ nhớ
+và tốc độ qua computational graph.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="onnx"></a><a href="#onnx" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>ONNX</h3>
+<p>Để hỗ trợ ONNX, SINGA áp dụng một <a href="./onnx">sonnx</a> module, bao gồm:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>SingaFrontend để lưu SINGA model ở định dạng onnx.</li>
+<li>SingaBackend để tải model định dạng onnx sang SINGA cho training và inference.</li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#backend-cấp-thấp">Backend cấp thấp</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#hàm-operator">Hàm Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#giao-diện-python">Giao diện Python</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#hàm-operator-1">Hàm Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
+ if (e.target !== document.body) {
+ return;
+ }
+ // keyCode for '/' (slash)
+ if (e.keyCode === 191) {
+ const search = document.getElementById('search_input_react');
+ search && search.focus();
+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
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+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
+ algoliaOptions: {"facetFilters":["language:en","version:3.0.0"]}
+ });
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository.html
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Source Repository · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Source Repository · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Viet</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive siteNavItemActive"><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Community</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Community</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository">Source Repository</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/mail-lists">Danh sách liên hệ của Dự Án</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/issue-tracking">Theo Dõi Vấn Đề</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/security">Bảo Mật</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/team-list">Danh sách nhân sự SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/history-singa">Lịch Sử Phát Triển SINGA</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Wheel Package</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu">Dùng cho CPU</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu-dev">Dùng cho CPU (phiên bản dev)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-gpu">Sử Dụng CUDA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-gpu-dev">Sử Dụng CUDA (phiên bản dev)</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
+ var coll = document.getElementsByClassName('collapsible');
+ var checkActiveCategory = true;
+ for (var i = 0; i < coll.length; i++) {
+ var links = coll[i].nextElementSibling.getElementsByTagName('*');
+ if (checkActiveCategory){
+ for (var j = 0; j < links.length; j++) {
+ if (links[j].classList.contains('navListItemActive')){
+ coll[i].nextElementSibling.classList.toggle('hide');
+ coll[i].childNodes[1].classList.toggle('rotate');
+ checkActiveCategory = false;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ coll[i].addEventListener('click', function() {
+ var arrow = this.childNodes[1];
+ arrow.classList.toggle('rotate');
+ var content = this.nextElementSibling;
+ content.classList.toggle('hide');
+ });
+ }
+
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ createToggler('#navToggler', '#docsNav', 'docsSliderActive');
+ createToggler('#tocToggler', 'body', 'tocActive');
+
+ var headings = document.querySelector('.toc-headings');
+ headings && headings.addEventListener('click', function(event) {
+ var el = event.target;
+ while(el !== headings){
+ if (el.tagName === 'A') {
+ document.body.classList.remove('tocActive');
+ break;
+ } else{
+ el = el.parentNode;
+ }
+ }
+ }, false);
+
+ function createToggler(togglerSelector, targetSelector, className) {
+ var toggler = document.querySelector(togglerSelector);
+ var target = document.querySelector(targetSelector);
+
+ if (!toggler) {
+ return;
+ }
+
+ toggler.onclick = function(event) {
+ event.preventDefault();
+
+ target.classList.toggle(className);
+ };
+ }
+ });
+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/source-repository.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Source Repository</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>Dự án này sử dụng <a href="http://git-scm.com/">Git</a> để quản lý nguồn mã code (source
+code). Hướng dẫn sử dụng Git xem tại <a href="http://git-scm.com/documentation">http://git-scm.com/documentation</a> .</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="repository"></a><a href="#repository" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Repository</h2>
+<p>Các đường dẫn sau tới repository của nguồn code online.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf?p=singa.git">https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf?p=singa.git</a></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Bản Github mirror tại</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">https://github.com/apache/singa</a></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Mã code có thể cloned từ cả hai repo, vd.,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
+ if (e.target !== document.body) {
+ return;
+ }
+ // keyCode for '/' (slash)
+ if (e.keyCode === 191) {
+ const search = document.getElementById('search_input_react');
+ search && search.focus();
+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
+ apiKey: '45202133606c0b5fa6d21cddc4725dd8',
+ indexName: 'apache_singa',
+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
+ algoliaOptions: {"facetFilters":["language:en","version:3.0.0"]}
+ });
+ </script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository/index.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository/index.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Source Repository · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Source Repository · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Viet</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive siteNavItemActive"><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Community</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Community</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository">Source Repository</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/mail-lists">Danh sách liên hệ của Dự Án</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/issue-tracking">Theo Dõi Vấn Đề</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/security">Bảo Mật</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/team-list">Danh sách nhân sự SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/history-singa">Lịch Sử Phát Triển SINGA</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Wheel Package</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu">Dùng cho CPU</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu-dev">Dùng cho CPU (phiên bản dev)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-gpu">Sử Dụng CUDA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-gpu-dev">Sử Dụng CUDA (phiên bản dev)</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+<p>Dự án này sử dụng <a href="http://git-scm.com/">Git</a> để quản lý nguồn mã code (source
+code). Hướng dẫn sử dụng Git xem tại <a href="http://git-scm.com/documentation">http://git-scm.com/documentation</a> .</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="repository"></a><a href="#repository" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Repository</h2>
+<p>Các đường dẫn sau tới repository của nguồn code online.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf?p=singa.git">https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf?p=singa.git</a></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Bản Github mirror tại</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">https://github.com/apache/singa</a></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Mã code có thể cloned từ cả hai repo, vd.,</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
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+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
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+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
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+ </script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/team-list.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/team-list.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/team-list.html
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Danh sách nhân sự SINGA · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Danh sách nhân sự SINGA · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Viet</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Community</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Community</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository">Source Repository</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/mail-lists">Danh sách liên hệ của Dự Án</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/issue-tracking">Theo Dõi Vấn Đề</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/security">Bảo Mật</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/team-list">Danh sách nhân sự SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/history-singa">Lịch Sử Phát Triển SINGA</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Wheel Package</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu">Dùng cho CPU</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu-dev">Dùng cho CPU (phiên bản dev)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-gpu">Sử Dụng CUDA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-gpu-dev">Sử Dụng CUDA (phiên bản dev)</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+ for (var j = 0; j < links.length; j++) {
+ if (links[j].classList.contains('navListItemActive')){
+ coll[i].nextElementSibling.classList.toggle('hide');
+ coll[i].childNodes[1].classList.toggle('rotate');
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+ break;
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+ }
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+ var arrow = this.childNodes[1];
+ arrow.classList.toggle('rotate');
+ var content = this.nextElementSibling;
+ content.classList.toggle('hide');
+ });
+ }
+
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ createToggler('#navToggler', '#docsNav', 'docsSliderActive');
+ createToggler('#tocToggler', 'body', 'tocActive');
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+ headings && headings.addEventListener('click', function(event) {
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+ var toggler = document.querySelector(togglerSelector);
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+ return;
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+
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+ event.preventDefault();
+
+ target.classList.toggle(className);
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/team-list.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Danh sách nhân sự SINGA</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>Một dự án thành công là công sức của rất nhiều người tham gia. Một số thành viên
+viết code hoặc tài liệu, trong khi những người khác góp công sức quí báu vào thử
+nghiệm, đề xuất sửa chữa và gợi ý.</p>
+<p>Cộng đồng SINGA bao gồm các lập trình viên đa phần đến từ NUS, ĐH Chiết Giang,
+NetEase, ĐH Osaka, yzBigData, v.v</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="pmc"></a><a href="#pmc" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>PMC</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Tên</th><th>Email</th><th>Tổ Chức</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Gang Chen</td><td><a href="mailto:cg@apache.org">cg@apache.org</a></td><td>Zhejiang University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Anh Dinh</td><td><a href="mailto:dinhtta@apache.org">dinhtta@apache.org</a></td><td>Singapore University of Technology and Design</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Ted Dunning</td><td><a href="mailto:tdunning@apache.org">tdunning@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Jinyang Gao</td><td><a href="mailto:jinyang@apache.org">jinyang@apache.org</a></td><td>DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Alan Gates</td><td><a href="mailto:gates@apache.org">gates@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Zhaojing Luo</td><td><a href="mailto:zhaojing@apache.org">zhaojing@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Thejas Nair</td><td><a href="mailto:thejas@apache.org">thejas@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Beng Chin Ooi</td><td><a href="mailto:ooibc@apache.org">ooibc@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>Université Grenoble Alpes</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Kian-Lee Tan</td><td><a href="mailto:tankianlee@apache.org">tankianlee@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Sheng Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangsh@apache.org">wangsh@apache.org</a></td><td>DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wei Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangwei@apache.org">wangwei@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Zhongle Xie</td><td><a href="mailto:zhongle@apache.org">zhongle@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Sai Ho Yeung</td><td><a href="mailto:chrishkchris@apache.org">chrishkchris@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Meihui Zhang</td><td><a href="mailto:meihuizhang@apache.org">meihuizhang@apache.org</a></td><td>Beijing Institute of Technology</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Kaiping Zheng</td><td><a href="mailto:kaiping@apache.org">kaiping@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="committers"></a><a href="#committers" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Committers</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Tên</th><th>Email</th><th>Tổ Chức</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Xiangrui Cai</td><td><a href="mailto:caixr@apache.org">caixr@apache.org</a></td><td>Nankai University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Chonho Lee</td><td><a href="mailto:chonho@apache.org">chonho@apache.org</a></td><td>Osaka University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Shicong Lin</td><td><a href="mailto:shicong@apache.org">shicong@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Rulin Xing</td><td><a href="mailto:rulin@apache.org">rulin@apache.org</a></td><td>Huazhong University of Science and Technology</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wanqi Xue</td><td><a href="mailto:xuewanqi@apache.org">xuewanqi@apache.org</a></td><td>Nanyang Technological University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Joddiy Zhang</td><td><a href="mailto:joddiyzhang@apache.org">joddiyzhang@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="contributors"></a><a href="#contributors" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Contributors</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Tên</th><th>Email</th><th>Tổ Chức</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Haibo Chen</td><td><a href="mailto:hzchenhaibo@corp.netease.com">hzchenhaibo@corp.netease.com</a></td><td>NetEase</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Shicheng Chen</td><td><a href="mailto:chengsc@comp.nus.edu.sg">chengsc@comp.nus.edu.sg</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Xin Ji</td><td><a href="mailto:vincent.j.xin@gmail.com">vincent.j.xin@gmail.com</a></td><td>Visenze, Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Anthony K. H. Tung</td><td><a href="mailto:atung@comp.nus.edu.sg">atung@comp.nus.edu.sg</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Ji Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangji@mzhtechnologies.com">wangji@mzhtechnologies.com</a></td><td>Hangzhou MZH Technologies</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Yuan Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangyuan@corp.netease.com">wangyuan@corp.netease.com</a></td><td>NetEase</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wenfeng Wu</td><td><a href="mailto:dcswuw@gmail.com">dcswuw@gmail.com</a></td><td>Freelancer, China</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Kaiyuan Yang</td><td><a href="mailto:yangky@comp.nus.edu.sg">yangky@comp.nus.edu.sg</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Chang Yao</td><td><a href="mailto:yaochang2009@gmail.com">yaochang2009@gmail.com</a></td><td>Hangzhou MZH Technologies</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
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+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Danh sách nhân sự SINGA · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Danh sách nhân sự SINGA · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0_Viet</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Community</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Community</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/source-repository">Source Repository</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/mail-lists">Danh sách liên hệ của Dự Án</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/issue-tracking">Theo Dõi Vấn Đề</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/security">Bảo Mật</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/team-list">Danh sách nhân sự SINGA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/history-singa">Lịch Sử Phát Triển SINGA</a></li></ul></div><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Wheel Package</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu">Dùng cho CPU</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu-dev">Dùng cho CPU (phiên bản dev)</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-gpu">Sử Dụng CUDA</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-gpu-dev">Sử Dụng CUDA (phiên bản dev)</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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+ for (var j = 0; j < links.length; j++) {
+ if (links[j].classList.contains('navListItemActive')){
+ coll[i].nextElementSibling.classList.toggle('hide');
+ coll[i].childNodes[1].classList.toggle('rotate');
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+ arrow.classList.toggle('rotate');
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+ content.classList.toggle('hide');
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+ createToggler('#navToggler', '#docsNav', 'docsSliderActive');
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+ </script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/team-list.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Danh sách nhân sự SINGA</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>Một dự án thành công là công sức của rất nhiều người tham gia. Một số thành viên
+viết code hoặc tài liệu, trong khi những người khác góp công sức quí báu vào thử
+nghiệm, đề xuất sửa chữa và gợi ý.</p>
+<p>Cộng đồng SINGA bao gồm các lập trình viên đa phần đến từ NUS, ĐH Chiết Giang,
+NetEase, ĐH Osaka, yzBigData, v.v</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="pmc"></a><a href="#pmc" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>PMC</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Tên</th><th>Email</th><th>Tổ Chức</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Gang Chen</td><td><a href="mailto:cg@apache.org">cg@apache.org</a></td><td>Zhejiang University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Anh Dinh</td><td><a href="mailto:dinhtta@apache.org">dinhtta@apache.org</a></td><td>Singapore University of Technology and Design</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Ted Dunning</td><td><a href="mailto:tdunning@apache.org">tdunning@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Jinyang Gao</td><td><a href="mailto:jinyang@apache.org">jinyang@apache.org</a></td><td>DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Alan Gates</td><td><a href="mailto:gates@apache.org">gates@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Zhaojing Luo</td><td><a href="mailto:zhaojing@apache.org">zhaojing@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Thejas Nair</td><td><a href="mailto:thejas@apache.org">thejas@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Beng Chin Ooi</td><td><a href="mailto:ooibc@apache.org">ooibc@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>Université Grenoble Alpes</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Kian-Lee Tan</td><td><a href="mailto:tankianlee@apache.org">tankianlee@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Sheng Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangsh@apache.org">wangsh@apache.org</a></td><td>DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wei Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangwei@apache.org">wangwei@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Zhongle Xie</td><td><a href="mailto:zhongle@apache.org">zhongle@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Sai Ho Yeung</td><td><a href="mailto:chrishkchris@apache.org">chrishkchris@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Meihui Zhang</td><td><a href="mailto:meihuizhang@apache.org">meihuizhang@apache.org</a></td><td>Beijing Institute of Technology</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Kaiping Zheng</td><td><a href="mailto:kaiping@apache.org">kaiping@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="committers"></a><a href="#committers" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Committers</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Tên</th><th>Email</th><th>Tổ Chức</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Xiangrui Cai</td><td><a href="mailto:caixr@apache.org">caixr@apache.org</a></td><td>Nankai University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Chonho Lee</td><td><a href="mailto:chonho@apache.org">chonho@apache.org</a></td><td>Osaka University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Shicong Lin</td><td><a href="mailto:shicong@apache.org">shicong@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Rulin Xing</td><td><a href="mailto:rulin@apache.org">rulin@apache.org</a></td><td>Huazhong University of Science and Technology</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wanqi Xue</td><td><a href="mailto:xuewanqi@apache.org">xuewanqi@apache.org</a></td><td>Nanyang Technological University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Joddiy Zhang</td><td><a href="mailto:joddiyzhang@apache.org">joddiyzhang@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="contributors"></a><a href="#contributors" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Contributors</h2>
+<table>
+<thead>
+<tr><th>Tên</th><th>Email</th><th>Tổ Chức</th></tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr><td>Haibo Chen</td><td><a href="mailto:hzchenhaibo@corp.netease.com">hzchenhaibo@corp.netease.com</a></td><td>NetEase</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Shicheng Chen</td><td><a href="mailto:chengsc@comp.nus.edu.sg">chengsc@comp.nus.edu.sg</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Xin Ji</td><td><a href="mailto:vincent.j.xin@gmail.com">vincent.j.xin@gmail.com</a></td><td>Visenze, Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Anthony K. H. Tung</td><td><a href="mailto:atung@comp.nus.edu.sg">atung@comp.nus.edu.sg</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Ji Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangji@mzhtechnologies.com">wangji@mzhtechnologies.com</a></td><td>Hangzhou MZH Technologies</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Yuan Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangyuan@corp.netease.com">wangyuan@corp.netease.com</a></td><td>NetEase</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Wenfeng Wu</td><td><a href="mailto:dcswuw@gmail.com">dcswuw@gmail.com</a></td><td>Freelancer, China</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Kaiyuan Yang</td><td><a href="mailto:yangky@comp.nus.edu.sg">yangky@comp.nus.edu.sg</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Chang Yao</td><td><a href="mailto:yaochang2009@gmail.com">yaochang2009@gmail.com</a></td><td>Hangzhou MZH Technologies</td></tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>Mỗi thực thể Tensor instance là một array đa chiều được đặt trong một thực thể
+Device. Thực thể Tensor lưu các biến và cung cấp phép tính đại số tuyến tính cho
+các loại thiết bị phần cứng khác nhau mà không cần người dùng để ý. Lưu ý rằng
+người dùng cần đảm bảo các toán hạng tensor được đặt ở cùng một thiết bị ngoại
+trừ hàm copy.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cách-sử-dụng-tensor"></a><a href="#cách-sử-dụng-tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Cách sử dụng Tensor</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tạo-tensor"></a><a href="#tạo-tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tạo Tensor</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> numpy <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> np
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensor
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.from_numpy( np.asarray([[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>], [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>]], dtype=np.float32) )
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]]
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="chuyển-sang-numpy"></a><a href="#chuyển-sang-numpy" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Chuyển sang numpy</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a = np.asarray([[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>], [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>]], dtype=np.float32)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.from_numpy(a)
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.to_numpy(tensor.from_numpy(a))
+array([[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>],
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]], dtype=float32)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="phương-pháp-tensor"></a><a href="#phương-pháp-tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Phương pháp Tensor</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>t = tensor.from_numpy(a)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>t.transpose([<span class="hljs-number">1</span>,<span class="hljs-number">0</span>])
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]]
+</code></pre>
+<p>biến đổi <code>tensor</code> tới 6 chữ số</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a = tensor.random((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>,<span class="hljs-number">5</span>,<span class="hljs-number">6</span>,<span class="hljs-number">7</span>))
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a.shape
+(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, <span class="hljs-number">6</span>, <span class="hljs-number">7</span>)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a.reshape((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>,<span class="hljs-number">5</span>,<span class="hljs-number">7</span>,<span class="hljs-number">6</span>)).transpose((<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">1</span>,<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>,<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)).shape
+(<span class="hljs-number">5</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">7</span>, <span class="hljs-number">6</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="phương-pháp-số-học-tensor"></a><a href="#phương-pháp-số-học-tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Phương pháp số học Tensor</h3>
+<p><code>tensor</code> được đánh giá trong thời gian thực.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>t + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
+[[<span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>t / <span class="hljs-number">5</span>
+[[<span class="hljs-number">0.2</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.2</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> ]]
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>tensor</code> tạo số học:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.</span> <span class="hljs-number">6.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>b
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a + b
+[[<span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">6.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">5.</span> <span class="hljs-number">7.</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a * b
+[[ <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.</span>]
+ [ <span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">10.</span> <span class="hljs-number">18.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a / b
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.5</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> ]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a/=b <span class="hljs-comment"># inplace operation</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.5</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> ]]
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>tensor</code> broadcasting on matrix multiplication (GEMM)</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensor
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a = tensor.random((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>))
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>b = tensor.random((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>))
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.mult(a,b).shape
+(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="hàm-lập-trình-tensor-functions"></a><a href="#hàm-lập-trình-tensor-functions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Hàm lập trình Tensor Functions</h3>
+<p>Hàm Functions trong <code>singa.tensor</code> tạo ra đối tượng <code>tensor</code> mới sau khi áp dụng
+phép tính trong hàm function.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.log(t+<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+[[<span class="hljs-number">0.6931472</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.6931472</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> ]]
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor-ở-các-thiết-bị-khác-nhau"></a><a href="#tensor-ở-các-thiết-bị-khác-nhau" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor ở các thiết bị khác nhau</h3>
+<p><code>tensor</code> được tạo ra trên máy chủ (CPU) từ ban đầu; nó cũng được tạo ra trên các
+thiết bị phần cứng khác nhau bằng cách cụ thể hoá <code>device</code>. Một <code>tensor</code> có thể
+chuyển giữa <code>device</code>s qua hàm <code>to_device()</code> function.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> device
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x = tensor.Tensor((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>), device.create_cuda_gpu())
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x.gaussian(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>,<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.531889</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.0128608</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.12691343</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">2.1674204</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.083676</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.7421203</span> ]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-comment"># move to host</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x.to_device(device.get_default_device())
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="dùng-tensor-để-train-mlp"></a><a href="#dùng-tensor-để-train-mlp" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Dùng Tensor để train MLP</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">
+<span class="hljs-string">"""
+ Đoạn mã trích từ examples/mlp/module.py
+"""</span>
+
+label = get_label()
+data = get_data()
+
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu_on(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+sgd = opt.SGD(<span class="hljs-number">0.05</span>)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># định nghĩa tensor cho dữ liệu và nhãn đầu vào</span>
+tx = tensor.Tensor((<span class="hljs-number">400</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>), dev, tensor.float32)
+ty = tensor.Tensor((<span class="hljs-number">400</span>,), dev, tensor.int32)
+model = MLP(data_size=<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, perceptron_size=<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">2</span>)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># đính model vào graph</span>
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+model.compile([tx], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, use_graph=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+model.train()
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">1001</span>):
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(data)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(label)
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty, <span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>, spars=<span class="hljs-literal">None</span>)
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> i % <span class="hljs-number">100</span> == <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
+ print(<span class="hljs-string">"training loss = "</span>, tensor.to_numpy(loss)[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>])
+</code></pre>
+<p>Đầu ra:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">$ python3 examples/mlp/module.py
+training loss = 0.6158037
+training loss = 0.52852553
+training loss = 0.4571422
+training loss = 0.37274635
+training loss = 0.30146334
+training loss = 0.24906921
+training loss = 0.21128304
+training loss = 0.18390492
+training loss = 0.16362564
+training loss = 0.148164
+training loss = 0.13589878
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="áp-dụng-tensor"></a><a href="#áp-dụng-tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Áp dụng Tensor</h2>
+<p>Mục trước chỉ ra cách sử dụng chung của <code>Tensor</code>, việc áp dụng cụ thể được đưa
+ra sau đây. Đầu tiên, sẽ giới thiệu việc thiết lập tensors Python và C++. Phần
+sau sẽ nói về cách frontend (Python) và backend (C++) kết nối với nhau và cách
+để mở rộng chúng.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-tensor"></a><a href="#python-tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python Tensor</h3>
+<p><code>Tensor</code> của lớp Python, được định nghĩa trong <code>python/singa/tensor.py</code>, cung
+cấp cách dùng tensor ở tầng cao, để thực hiện việc vận hành deep learning (qua
+<a href="./autograd">autograd</a>), cũng như là quản lý dữ liệu bởi người dùng cuối.</p>
+<p>Hoạt động cơ bản của nó là gói xung quanh các phương pháp C++ tensor, cả phương
+pháp số học (như <code>sum</code>) và không số học (như <code>reshape</code>). Một vài phép số học cao
+cấp về sau được giới thiệu và áp dụng sử dụng thuần Python tensor API, như
+<code>tensordot</code>. Python Tensor APIs có thể sử dụng để thực hiện dễ dàng các phép
+tính neural network phức tạp với các phương pháp methods linh hoạt có sẵn.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="c-tensor"></a><a href="#c-tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>C++ Tensor</h3>
+<p><code>Tensor</code> lớp C++, được định nghĩa trong <code>include/singa/core/tensor.h</code>, về cơ bản
+quản lý bộ nhớ nắm giữ dữ liệu, và cung cấp APIs tầm thấp cho các hàm thực hiện
+tensor. Đồng thời nó cũng cung cấp các phương pháp số học đa dạng (như <code>matmul</code>)
+bằng cách gói các chương trình backends khác nhau (CUDA, BLAS, cuBLAS, v.v.).</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="văn-bản-thực-hiện-và-khoá-bộ-nhớ"></a><a href="#văn-bản-thực-hiện-và-khoá-bộ-nhớ" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Văn bản thực hiện và Khoá Bộ nhớ</h4>
+<p>Hai khái niệm hay cấu trúc dữ liệu quan trọng của <code>Tensor</code> là việc áp dụng
+<code>device</code>, và khoá bộ nhớ <code>Block</code>.</p>
+<p>Mỗi <code>Tensor</code> được lưu theo nghiã đen và quản lý bởi một thiết bị phần cứng, thể
+hiện theo nghĩa thực hành (CPU, GPU). Tính toán Tensor được thực hiện trên thiết
+bị.</p>
+<p>Dữ liệu Tensor trong hàm <code>Block</code>, được định nghĩa trong
+<code>include/singa/core/common.h</code>. <code>Block</code> chứa dữ liệu cơ sở, trong khi tensors
+chịu trách nhiệm về lý lịch dữ liệu metadata mô tả tensor, như <code>shape</code>,
+<code>strides</code>.</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor-math-backends"></a><a href="#tensor-math-backends" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor Math Backends</h4>
+<p>Để tận dụng các thư viện chương trình toán hiệu quả cung cấp bởi backend từ các
+thiết bị phần cứng khác nhau, SINGA cung cấp một bộ Tensor functions cho mỗi
+backend được hỗ trợ.</p>
+<ul>
+<li>'tensor_math_cpp.h' áp dụng vận hành sử dụng Cpp (với CBLAS) cho thiết bị
+CppCPU.</li>
+<li>'tensor_math_cuda.h' áp dụng vận hành sử dụng Cuda (với cuBLAS) cho thiết bị
+CudaGPU.</li>
+<li>'tensor_math_opencl.h' áp dụng vận hành sử dụng OpenCL cho thiết bị OpenclGPU.</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="trình-bày-c-apis-qua-python"></a><a href="#trình-bày-c-apis-qua-python" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Trình bày C++ APIs qua Python</h3>
+<p>SWIG(<a href="http://www.swig.org/">http://www.swig.org/</a>) là công cụ có thể tự động qui đổi C++ APIs sang
+Python APIs. SINGA sử dụng SWIG để trình bày C++ APIs sang Python. Một vài tệp
+tin được tạo bởi SWIG, bao gồm <code>python/singa/singa_wrap.py</code>. Các Python mô-đun
+(như, <code>tensor</code>, <code>device</code> và <code>autograd</code>) nhập mô-đun để gọi C++ APIs để áp dụng
+hàm và lớp Python.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensor
+
+t = tensor.Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>))
+</code></pre>
+<p>Ví dụ, khi một Python <code>Tensor</code> instance được tạo ra ở trên, việc áp dụng
+<code>Tensor</code> class tạo ra một instance của <code>Tensor</code> class định nghĩa trong
+<code>singa_wrap.py</code>, tương ứng với C++ <code>Tensor</code> class. Rõ ràng hơn, <code>Tensor</code> class
+trong <code>singa_wrap.py</code> để chỉ <code>CTensor</code> trong <code>tensor.py</code>.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># trong tensor.py</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> . <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> singa_wrap <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> singa
+
+CTensor = singa.Tensor
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tạo-hàm-tensor-functions-mới"></a><a href="#tạo-hàm-tensor-functions-mới" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tạo Hàm Tensor Functions mới</h3>
+<p>Với nền tảng được mô tả phía trên, mở rộng hàm tensor functions có thể dễ dàng
+thực hiện từ dưới lên, Với các phép toán, các bước làm như sau:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Khai báo API mới cho <code>tensor.h</code></li>
+<li>Tạo mã code sử dụng tiền tố xác định trước trong <code>tensor.cc</code>, lấy
+<code>GenUnaryTensorFn(Abs);</code> làm ví dụ.</li>
+<li>Khai báo theo mẫu method/function trong <code>tensor_math.h</code></li>
+<li>Thực hiện áp dụng ít nhất cho CPU (<code>tensor_math_cpp.h</code>) và
+GPU(<code>tensor_math_cuda.h</code>)</li>
+<li>Trình API qua SWIG bằng cách thêm nó vào <code>src/api/core_tensor.i</code></li>
+<li>Định nghĩa Python Tensor API trong <code>tensor.py</code> bằng cách tự động gọi hàm
+function được tạo trong <code>singa_wrap.py</code></li>
+<li>Viết unit tests khi phù hợp</li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
+<p><em>đang cập nhật</em></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
+<p><em>đang cập nhật</em></p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cách-sử-dụng-tensor">Cách sử dụng Tensor</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tạo-tensor">Tạo Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#chuyển-sang-numpy">Chuyển sang numpy</a></li><li><a href="#phương-pháp-tensor">Phương pháp Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#phương-pháp-số-học-tensor">Phương pháp số học Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#hàm-lập-trình-tensor-functions">Hàm lập trình Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-ở-các-thiết-bị-khác-nhau">Tensor ở các thiết bị khác nhau</a></li><li><a href="#dùng-tensor-để-train-mlp">Dùng Tensor để train MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#áp-dụng-tensor">Áp dụng Tensor</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#trình-bày-c-apis-qua-python">Trình bày C++ APIs qua Python</a></li><li><a href="#tạo-hàm-tensor-functions-mới">Tạo Hàm Tensor Functions mới</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>Mỗi thực thể Tensor instance là một array đa chiều được đặt trong một thực thể
+Device. Thực thể Tensor lưu các biến và cung cấp phép tính đại số tuyến tính cho
+các loại thiết bị phần cứng khác nhau mà không cần người dùng để ý. Lưu ý rằng
+người dùng cần đảm bảo các toán hạng tensor được đặt ở cùng một thiết bị ngoại
+trừ hàm copy.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cách-sử-dụng-tensor"></a><a href="#cách-sử-dụng-tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Cách sử dụng Tensor</h2>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tạo-tensor"></a><a href="#tạo-tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tạo Tensor</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> numpy <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> np
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensor
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.from_numpy( np.asarray([[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>], [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>]], dtype=np.float32) )
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]]
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="chuyển-sang-numpy"></a><a href="#chuyển-sang-numpy" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Chuyển sang numpy</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a = np.asarray([[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>], [<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>]], dtype=np.float32)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.from_numpy(a)
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.to_numpy(tensor.from_numpy(a))
+array([[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>],
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]], dtype=float32)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="phương-pháp-tensor"></a><a href="#phương-pháp-tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Phương pháp Tensor</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>t = tensor.from_numpy(a)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>t.transpose([<span class="hljs-number">1</span>,<span class="hljs-number">0</span>])
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span>]]
+</code></pre>
+<p>biến đổi <code>tensor</code> tới 6 chữ số</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a = tensor.random((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>,<span class="hljs-number">5</span>,<span class="hljs-number">6</span>,<span class="hljs-number">7</span>))
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a.shape
+(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-number">5</span>, <span class="hljs-number">6</span>, <span class="hljs-number">7</span>)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a.reshape((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>,<span class="hljs-number">5</span>,<span class="hljs-number">7</span>,<span class="hljs-number">6</span>)).transpose((<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">1</span>,<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>,<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)).shape
+(<span class="hljs-number">5</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">7</span>, <span class="hljs-number">6</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="phương-pháp-số-học-tensor"></a><a href="#phương-pháp-số-học-tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Phương pháp số học Tensor</h3>
+<p><code>tensor</code> được đánh giá trong thời gian thực.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>t + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>
+[[<span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>t / <span class="hljs-number">5</span>
+[[<span class="hljs-number">0.2</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.2</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> ]]
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>tensor</code> tạo số học:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.</span> <span class="hljs-number">6.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>b
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a + b
+[[<span class="hljs-number">2.</span> <span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">6.</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">5.</span> <span class="hljs-number">7.</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a * b
+[[ <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.</span>]
+ [ <span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">10.</span> <span class="hljs-number">18.</span>]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a / b
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.5</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> ]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a/=b <span class="hljs-comment"># inplace operation</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">4.</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.5</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.</span> ]]
+</code></pre>
+<p><code>tensor</code> broadcasting on matrix multiplication (GEMM)</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensor
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>a = tensor.random((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>))
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>b = tensor.random((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>,<span class="hljs-number">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number">4</span>))
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.mult(a,b).shape
+(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="hàm-lập-trình-tensor-functions"></a><a href="#hàm-lập-trình-tensor-functions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Hàm lập trình Tensor Functions</h3>
+<p>Hàm Functions trong <code>singa.tensor</code> tạo ra đối tượng <code>tensor</code> mới sau khi áp dụng
+phép tính trong hàm function.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>tensor.log(t+<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+[[<span class="hljs-number">0.6931472</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> ]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">0.</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.6931472</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.</span> ]]
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor-ở-các-thiết-bị-khác-nhau"></a><a href="#tensor-ở-các-thiết-bị-khác-nhau" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor ở các thiết bị khác nhau</h3>
+<p><code>tensor</code> được tạo ra trên máy chủ (CPU) từ ban đầu; nó cũng được tạo ra trên các
+thiết bị phần cứng khác nhau bằng cách cụ thể hoá <code>device</code>. Một <code>tensor</code> có thể
+chuyển giữa <code>device</code>s qua hàm <code>to_device()</code> function.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> device
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x = tensor.Tensor((<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>), device.create_cuda_gpu())
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x.gaussian(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>,<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x
+[[<span class="hljs-number">1.531889</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.0128608</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.12691343</span>]
+ [<span class="hljs-number">2.1674204</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.083676</span> <span class="hljs-number">2.7421203</span> ]]
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span><span class="hljs-comment"># move to host</span>
+<span class="hljs-meta">>>> </span>x.to_device(device.get_default_device())
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="dùng-tensor-để-train-mlp"></a><a href="#dùng-tensor-để-train-mlp" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Dùng Tensor để train MLP</h3>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">
+<span class="hljs-string">"""
+ Đoạn mã trích từ examples/mlp/module.py
+"""</span>
+
+label = get_label()
+data = get_data()
+
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu_on(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
+sgd = opt.SGD(<span class="hljs-number">0.05</span>)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># định nghĩa tensor cho dữ liệu và nhãn đầu vào</span>
+tx = tensor.Tensor((<span class="hljs-number">400</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>), dev, tensor.float32)
+ty = tensor.Tensor((<span class="hljs-number">400</span>,), dev, tensor.int32)
+model = MLP(data_size=<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, perceptron_size=<span class="hljs-number">3</span>, num_classes=<span class="hljs-number">2</span>)
+
+<span class="hljs-comment"># đính model vào graph</span>
+model.set_optimizer(sgd)
+model.compile([tx], is_train=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, use_graph=<span class="hljs-literal">True</span>, sequential=<span class="hljs-literal">False</span>)
+model.train()
+
+<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">in</span> range(<span class="hljs-number">1001</span>):
+ tx.copy_from_numpy(data)
+ ty.copy_from_numpy(label)
+ out, loss = model(tx, ty, <span class="hljs-string">'fp32'</span>, spars=<span class="hljs-literal">None</span>)
+
+ <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> i % <span class="hljs-number">100</span> == <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
+ print(<span class="hljs-string">"training loss = "</span>, tensor.to_numpy(loss)[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>])
+</code></pre>
+<p>Đầu ra:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">$ python3 examples/mlp/module.py
+training loss = 0.6158037
+training loss = 0.52852553
+training loss = 0.4571422
+training loss = 0.37274635
+training loss = 0.30146334
+training loss = 0.24906921
+training loss = 0.21128304
+training loss = 0.18390492
+training loss = 0.16362564
+training loss = 0.148164
+training loss = 0.13589878
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="áp-dụng-tensor"></a><a href="#áp-dụng-tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Áp dụng Tensor</h2>
+<p>Mục trước chỉ ra cách sử dụng chung của <code>Tensor</code>, việc áp dụng cụ thể được đưa
+ra sau đây. Đầu tiên, sẽ giới thiệu việc thiết lập tensors Python và C++. Phần
+sau sẽ nói về cách frontend (Python) và backend (C++) kết nối với nhau và cách
+để mở rộng chúng.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-tensor"></a><a href="#python-tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python Tensor</h3>
+<p><code>Tensor</code> của lớp Python, được định nghĩa trong <code>python/singa/tensor.py</code>, cung
+cấp cách dùng tensor ở tầng cao, để thực hiện việc vận hành deep learning (qua
+<a href="./autograd">autograd</a>), cũng như là quản lý dữ liệu bởi người dùng cuối.</p>
+<p>Hoạt động cơ bản của nó là gói xung quanh các phương pháp C++ tensor, cả phương
+pháp số học (như <code>sum</code>) và không số học (như <code>reshape</code>). Một vài phép số học cao
+cấp về sau được giới thiệu và áp dụng sử dụng thuần Python tensor API, như
+<code>tensordot</code>. Python Tensor APIs có thể sử dụng để thực hiện dễ dàng các phép
+tính neural network phức tạp với các phương pháp methods linh hoạt có sẵn.</p>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="c-tensor"></a><a href="#c-tensor" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>C++ Tensor</h3>
+<p><code>Tensor</code> lớp C++, được định nghĩa trong <code>include/singa/core/tensor.h</code>, về cơ bản
+quản lý bộ nhớ nắm giữ dữ liệu, và cung cấp APIs tầm thấp cho các hàm thực hiện
+tensor. Đồng thời nó cũng cung cấp các phương pháp số học đa dạng (như <code>matmul</code>)
+bằng cách gói các chương trình backends khác nhau (CUDA, BLAS, cuBLAS, v.v.).</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="văn-bản-thực-hiện-và-khoá-bộ-nhớ"></a><a href="#văn-bản-thực-hiện-và-khoá-bộ-nhớ" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Văn bản thực hiện và Khoá Bộ nhớ</h4>
+<p>Hai khái niệm hay cấu trúc dữ liệu quan trọng của <code>Tensor</code> là việc áp dụng
+<code>device</code>, và khoá bộ nhớ <code>Block</code>.</p>
+<p>Mỗi <code>Tensor</code> được lưu theo nghiã đen và quản lý bởi một thiết bị phần cứng, thể
+hiện theo nghĩa thực hành (CPU, GPU). Tính toán Tensor được thực hiện trên thiết
+bị.</p>
+<p>Dữ liệu Tensor trong hàm <code>Block</code>, được định nghĩa trong
+<code>include/singa/core/common.h</code>. <code>Block</code> chứa dữ liệu cơ sở, trong khi tensors
+chịu trách nhiệm về lý lịch dữ liệu metadata mô tả tensor, như <code>shape</code>,
+<code>strides</code>.</p>
+<h4><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tensor-math-backends"></a><a href="#tensor-math-backends" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tensor Math Backends</h4>
+<p>Để tận dụng các thư viện chương trình toán hiệu quả cung cấp bởi backend từ các
+thiết bị phần cứng khác nhau, SINGA cung cấp một bộ Tensor functions cho mỗi
+backend được hỗ trợ.</p>
+<ul>
+<li>'tensor_math_cpp.h' áp dụng vận hành sử dụng Cpp (với CBLAS) cho thiết bị
+CppCPU.</li>
+<li>'tensor_math_cuda.h' áp dụng vận hành sử dụng Cuda (với cuBLAS) cho thiết bị
+CudaGPU.</li>
+<li>'tensor_math_opencl.h' áp dụng vận hành sử dụng OpenCL cho thiết bị OpenclGPU.</li>
+</ul>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="trình-bày-c-apis-qua-python"></a><a href="#trình-bày-c-apis-qua-python" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Trình bày C++ APIs qua Python</h3>
+<p>SWIG(<a href="http://www.swig.org/">http://www.swig.org/</a>) là công cụ có thể tự động qui đổi C++ APIs sang
+Python APIs. SINGA sử dụng SWIG để trình bày C++ APIs sang Python. Một vài tệp
+tin được tạo bởi SWIG, bao gồm <code>python/singa/singa_wrap.py</code>. Các Python mô-đun
+(như, <code>tensor</code>, <code>device</code> và <code>autograd</code>) nhập mô-đun để gọi C++ APIs để áp dụng
+hàm và lớp Python.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> tensor
+
+t = tensor.Tensor(shape=(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">3</span>))
+</code></pre>
+<p>Ví dụ, khi một Python <code>Tensor</code> instance được tạo ra ở trên, việc áp dụng
+<code>Tensor</code> class tạo ra một instance của <code>Tensor</code> class định nghĩa trong
+<code>singa_wrap.py</code>, tương ứng với C++ <code>Tensor</code> class. Rõ ràng hơn, <code>Tensor</code> class
+trong <code>singa_wrap.py</code> để chỉ <code>CTensor</code> trong <code>tensor.py</code>.</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># trong tensor.py</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> . <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> singa_wrap <span class="hljs-keyword">as</span> singa
+
+CTensor = singa.Tensor
+</code></pre>
+<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="tạo-hàm-tensor-functions-mới"></a><a href="#tạo-hàm-tensor-functions-mới" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Tạo Hàm Tensor Functions mới</h3>
+<p>Với nền tảng được mô tả phía trên, mở rộng hàm tensor functions có thể dễ dàng
+thực hiện từ dưới lên, Với các phép toán, các bước làm như sau:</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Khai báo API mới cho <code>tensor.h</code></li>
+<li>Tạo mã code sử dụng tiền tố xác định trước trong <code>tensor.cc</code>, lấy
+<code>GenUnaryTensorFn(Abs);</code> làm ví dụ.</li>
+<li>Khai báo theo mẫu method/function trong <code>tensor_math.h</code></li>
+<li>Thực hiện áp dụng ít nhất cho CPU (<code>tensor_math_cpp.h</code>) và
+GPU(<code>tensor_math_cuda.h</code>)</li>
+<li>Trình API qua SWIG bằng cách thêm nó vào <code>src/api/core_tensor.i</code></li>
+<li>Định nghĩa Python Tensor API trong <code>tensor.py</code> bằng cách tự động gọi hàm
+function được tạo trong <code>singa_wrap.py</code></li>
+<li>Viết unit tests khi phù hợp</li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="python-api"></a><a href="#python-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Python API</h2>
+<p><em>đang cập nhật</em></p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
+<p><em>đang cập nhật</em></p>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cách-sử-dụng-tensor">Cách sử dụng Tensor</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tạo-tensor">Tạo Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#chuyển-sang-numpy">Chuyển sang numpy</a></li><li><a href="#phương-pháp-tensor">Phương pháp Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#phương-pháp-số-học-tensor">Phương pháp số học Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#hàm-lập-trình-tensor-functions">Hàm lập trình Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-ở-các-thiết-bị-khác-nhau">Tensor ở các thiết bị khác nhau</a></li><li><a href="#dùng-tensor-để-train-mlp">Dùng Tensor để train MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#áp-dụng-tensor">Áp dụng Tensor</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#trình-bày-c-apis-qua-python">Trình bày C++ APIs qua Python</a></li><li><a href="#tạo-hàm-tensor-functions-mới">Tạo Hàm Tensor Functions mới</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>SINGA hỗ trợ hồ sơ thời gian (time profilier) của mỗi toán tử được lưu tạm thời
+trong graph. Để tận dụng chức năng hồ sơ thời gian, chúng tôi trước tiên gọi
+method <code>device.SetVerbosity</code> để tạo độ dài cho hồ sơ thời gian, sau đó gọi hàm
+<code>device.PrintTimeProfiling</code> để in ra kết quả của hồ sơ thời gian.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="thiết-lập-độ-dài-cho-hồ-sơ-thời-gian"></a><a href="#thiết-lập-độ-dài-cho-hồ-sơ-thời-gian" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Thiết lập Độ dài cho Hồ sơ thời gian</h2>
+<p>Để sử dụng chức năng hồ sơ thời gian, bạn cần tạo độ dài cho nó. Có ba mức độ.
+Giá trị ban đầu đặt sẵn <code>verbosity == 0</code>, là không áp dụng hồ sơ thời gian. Khi
+bạn để <code>verbosity == 1</code>, nó sẽ lên hồ sơ thời gian chạy forward và backward. Khi
+<code>verbosity == 2</code>, nó sẽ lên hồ sơ thời gian cho mỗi buffered operation trong
+graph.</p>
+<p>Sau đây là mã code ví dụ để thiết lập chức năng hồ sơ thời gian:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># tạo thiết bị</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> device
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()
+<span class="hljs-comment"># đặt độ dài</span>
+verbosity = <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
+dev.SetVerbosity(verbosity)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># không bắt buộc: bỏ qua 5 vòng lặp đầu tiên khi lên hồ sơ thời gian</span>
+dev.SetSkipIteration(<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Tiếp theo, sau khi kết thúc training ở cuối mỗi chương trình, chúng ta có thể in
+kết quả hồ sơ thời gian bằng cách gọi method <code>device.PrintTimeProfiling</code>:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">dev.PrintTimeProfiling()
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="ví-dụ-đầu-ra-cho-các-độ-dài-khác-nhau"></a><a href="#ví-dụ-đầu-ra-cho-các-độ-dài-khác-nhau" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Ví dụ đầu ra cho các độ dài khác nhau</h2>
+<p>Có thể chạy
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/benchmark.py">ví dụ</a>
+ResNet để xem kết quả với cách đặt độ dài khác nhau:</p>
+<ol>
+<li><code>verbosity == 1</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-built_in">Time</span> Profili<span class="hljs-symbol">ng:</span>
+Forward Propagation <span class="hljs-built_in">Time</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.0409127</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">sec</span>
+Backward Propagation <span class="hljs-built_in">Time</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.114813</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">sec</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li><code>verbosity == 2</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-attr">Time Profiling:</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID0. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.73722e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID1. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000612724</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID2. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000559449</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID3. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000375004</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID4. GpuPoolingForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000240041</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID5. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.4176e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID6. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000115619</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID7. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000150415</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID8. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.95494e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID9. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.22432e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID10. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000648668</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID11. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000149793</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID12. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.92118e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID13. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.37728e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID14. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000400953</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID15. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000572181</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID16. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.21312e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID17. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000398698</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID18. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.00056836</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID19. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000542246</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID20. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000372783</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID21. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.25312e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID22. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000260731</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID23. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000149041</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID24. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.9072e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID25. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.10592e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID26. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000637481</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID27. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000152577</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID28. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.90518e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID29. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.28224e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID30. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000404586</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID31. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000569679</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID32. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000542291</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID33. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.00037211</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID34. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.13696e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID35. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000261219</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID36. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000148281</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID37. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.89299e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID38. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.25216e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID39. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000633644</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID40. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000150711</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID41. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.84902e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID42. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.18176e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID43. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000402752</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID44. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000571523</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID45. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000542435</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID46. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000372539</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID47. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.24672e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID48. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000493054</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID49. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000293142</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID50. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000190047</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID51. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.14784e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID52. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.00148837</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID53. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.34794e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID54. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.23254e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID55. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.40096e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID56. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000292971</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID57. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.00029174</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID58. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.3248e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID59. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000590154</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID60. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000294149</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID61. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000275119</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID62. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000189268</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID63. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.2704e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID64. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000341232</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID65. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.3304e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID66. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.23667e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID67. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.19936e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID68. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000542484</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID69. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.60537e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID70. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.2479e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID71. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.41824e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID72. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000291295</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID73. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000292795</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID74. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000274438</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID75. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000189689</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID76. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.21984e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID77. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000338776</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID78. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.484e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID79. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.29408e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID80. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.18208e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID81. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000545542</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID82. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.40976e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID83. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.2256e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID84. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.36256e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID85. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000293003</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID86. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.0002989</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID87. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000275041</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID88. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000189867</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID89. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.1184e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID90. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000340417</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID91. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.39395e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID92. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">5.26544e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID93. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.2336e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID94. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000539787</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID95. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.2753e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID96. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">4.86758e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID97. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.24384e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID98. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000287108</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID99. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000293127</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID100. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000269478</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
+<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
+<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#thiết-lập-độ-dài-cho-hồ-sơ-thời-gian">Thiết lập Độ dài cho Hồ sơ thời gian</a></li><li><a href="#ví-dụ-đầu-ra-cho-các-độ-dài-khác-nhau">Ví dụ đầu ra cho các độ dài khác nhau</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<p>SINGA hỗ trợ hồ sơ thời gian (time profilier) của mỗi toán tử được lưu tạm thời
+trong graph. Để tận dụng chức năng hồ sơ thời gian, chúng tôi trước tiên gọi
+method <code>device.SetVerbosity</code> để tạo độ dài cho hồ sơ thời gian, sau đó gọi hàm
+<code>device.PrintTimeProfiling</code> để in ra kết quả của hồ sơ thời gian.</p>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="thiết-lập-độ-dài-cho-hồ-sơ-thời-gian"></a><a href="#thiết-lập-độ-dài-cho-hồ-sơ-thời-gian" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Thiết lập Độ dài cho Hồ sơ thời gian</h2>
+<p>Để sử dụng chức năng hồ sơ thời gian, bạn cần tạo độ dài cho nó. Có ba mức độ.
+Giá trị ban đầu đặt sẵn <code>verbosity == 0</code>, là không áp dụng hồ sơ thời gian. Khi
+bạn để <code>verbosity == 1</code>, nó sẽ lên hồ sơ thời gian chạy forward và backward. Khi
+<code>verbosity == 2</code>, nó sẽ lên hồ sơ thời gian cho mỗi buffered operation trong
+graph.</p>
+<p>Sau đây là mã code ví dụ để thiết lập chức năng hồ sơ thời gian:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python"><span class="hljs-comment"># tạo thiết bị</span>
+<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> singa <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> device
+dev = device.create_cuda_gpu()
+<span class="hljs-comment"># đặt độ dài</span>
+verbosity = <span class="hljs-number">2</span>
+dev.SetVerbosity(verbosity)
+<span class="hljs-comment"># không bắt buộc: bỏ qua 5 vòng lặp đầu tiên khi lên hồ sơ thời gian</span>
+dev.SetSkipIteration(<span class="hljs-number">5</span>)
+</code></pre>
+<p>Tiếp theo, sau khi kết thúc training ở cuối mỗi chương trình, chúng ta có thể in
+kết quả hồ sơ thời gian bằng cách gọi method <code>device.PrintTimeProfiling</code>:</p>
+<pre><code class="hljs css language-python">dev.PrintTimeProfiling()
+</code></pre>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="ví-dụ-đầu-ra-cho-các-độ-dài-khác-nhau"></a><a href="#ví-dụ-đầu-ra-cho-các-độ-dài-khác-nhau" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Ví dụ đầu ra cho các độ dài khác nhau</h2>
+<p>Có thể chạy
+<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/benchmark.py">ví dụ</a>
+ResNet để xem kết quả với cách đặt độ dài khác nhau:</p>
+<ol>
+<li><code>verbosity == 1</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-built_in">Time</span> Profili<span class="hljs-symbol">ng:</span>
+Forward Propagation <span class="hljs-built_in">Time</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.0409127</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">sec</span>
+Backward Propagation <span class="hljs-built_in">Time</span> <span class="hljs-symbol">:</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.114813</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">sec</span>
+</code></pre>
+<ol start="2">
+<li><code>verbosity == 2</code></li>
+</ol>
+<pre><code class="hljs"><span class="hljs-attr">Time Profiling:</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID0. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">1.73722e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID1. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000612724</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
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+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID18. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.00056836</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID19. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000542246</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID20. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000372783</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID21. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.25312e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID22. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000260731</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID23. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000149041</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID24. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.9072e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID25. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.10592e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID26. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000637481</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID27. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000152577</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID28. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.90518e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID29. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.28224e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID30. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000404586</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID31. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000569679</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID32. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000542291</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID33. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.00037211</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID34. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.13696e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID35. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000261219</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID36. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000148281</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID37. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.89299e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID38. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.25216e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID39. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000633644</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
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+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID41. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">9.84902e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID42. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.18176e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID43. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000402752</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
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+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID46. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000372539</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
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+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID93. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.2336e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID94. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000539787</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID95. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">8.2753e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID96. ReLU :</span> <span class="hljs-number">4.86758e-05</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID97. SetValue :</span> <span class="hljs-number">3.24384e-06</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID98. cudnnConvForward :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000287108</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID99. GpuBatchNormForwardTraining :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000293127</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-attr">OP_ID100. Add :</span> <span class="hljs-number">0.000269478</span> <span class="hljs-string">sec</span>
+<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
+<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
+<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
+</code></pre>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#thiết-lập-độ-dài-cho-hồ-sơ-thời-gian">Thiết lập Độ dài cho Hồ sơ thời gian</a></li><li><a href="#ví-dụ-đầu-ra-cho-các-độ-dài-khác-nhau">Ví dụ đầu ra cho các độ dài khác nhau</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu-dev.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu-dev.html
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu-dev.html
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Dùng cho CPU (phiên bản dev) · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Dùng cho CPU (phiên bản dev) · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="300dev200720"></a><a href="#300dev200720" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.0.0.dev200720</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>CPU only</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-gpu"><span>CUDA enabled</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="300dev200720"></a><a href="#300dev200720" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.0.0.dev200720</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
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diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu.html
new file mode 100644
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Dùng cho CPU · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Dùng cho CPU · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="310"></a><a href="#310" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.1.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="300"></a><a href="#300" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.0.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/history-singa"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>History of SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu-dev"><span>CPU only (dev version)</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu/index.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu/index.html
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="310"></a><a href="#310" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.1.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="300"></a><a href="#300" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.0.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/history-singa"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>History of SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu-dev"><span>CPU only (dev version)</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="300dev200720"></a><a href="#300dev200720" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.0.0.dev200720</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-gpu"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>CUDA enabled</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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+<ul>
+<li>[CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python
+3.6]<a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl</a>)</li>
+<li>[CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python
+3.7]<a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl</a>)</li>
+<li>[CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python
+3.8]<a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl</a>)</li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="300"></a><a href="#300" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.0.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu-dev"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>CPU only (dev version)</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-gpu-dev"><span>CUDA enabled (dev version)</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-gpu/index.html b/content/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-gpu/index.html
new file mode 100644
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Sử Dụng CUDA · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0_Viet"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Sử Dụng CUDA · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="310"></a><a href="#310" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.1.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li>[CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python
+3.6]<a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl</a>)</li>
+<li>[CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python
+3.7]<a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl</a>)</li>
+<li>[CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python
+3.8]<a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.1.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl</a>)</li>
+</ul>
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="300"></a><a href="#300" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.0.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-cpu-dev"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>CPU only (dev version)</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/wheel-gpu-dev"><span>CUDA enabled (dev version)</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/autograd.html b/content/docs/autograd.html
index fdb9d10..bd65ff7 100644
--- a/content/docs/autograd.html
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<p>Refer
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for more details of Python API.</p>
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<p>Workload: we use a deep convolutional neural network,
<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">ResNet-50</a>
as the application. ResNet-50 has 50 convolution layers for image
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
the server.</p>
<p><img src="/docs/assets/benchmark.png" alt="Benchmark Experiments"> <br/> <strong>Scalability test. Bars
are for the throughput; lines are for the communication cost.</strong></p>
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<p>Workload: we use a deep convolutional neural network,
<a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/blob/master/examples/cnn/model/resnet.py">ResNet-50</a>
as the application. ResNet-50 has 50 convolution layers for image
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
the server.</p>
<p><img src="/docs/assets/benchmark.png" alt="Benchmark Experiments"> <br/> <strong>Scalability test. Bars
are for the throughput; lines are for the communication cost.</strong></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
ary1 = device.create_cuda_gpus(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices, starting from ID 0</span>
ary2 = device.create_cuda_gpus([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices on ID 0 and 2</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
ary1 = device.create_cuda_gpus(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices, starting from ID 0</span>
ary2 = device.create_cuda_gpus([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices on ID 0 and 2</span>
</code></pre>
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partitioned training data. Once the sub-gradient is calculated on each
processes, the overall stochastic gradient is obtained by all-reducing the
sub-gradients evaluated by all processes.</p>
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partitioned training data. Once the sub-gradient is calculated on each
processes, the overall stochastic gradient is obtained by all-reducing the
sub-gradients evaluated by all processes.</p>
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<li>Restricted Boltzmann Machine over the MNIST dataset, <a href="">source</a>,
<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19996noGu9JyHHkVmp4edBGu7PJSRQKsd">Colab</a>.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#text-classification">Text Classification</a></li><li><a href="#text-ranking">Text Ranking</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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<li>Restricted Boltzmann Machine over the MNIST dataset, <a href="">source</a>,
<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19996noGu9JyHHkVmp4edBGu7PJSRQKsd">Colab</a>.</li>
</ul>
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<p>Do not use rebase to merge the PR; and disable fast forward.</p></li>
</ul>
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-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@
<li>Currently, there is a little improvement in terms of speed. More optimizations
can be done towards the efficiency.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/half-precision.html b/content/docs/half-precision.html
index 6ea5e1e..ec6c54b 100644
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diff --git a/content/docs/history-singa.html b/content/docs/history-singa.html
index 490f9d8..e1596ab 100644
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/history-singa/index.html b/content/docs/history-singa/index.html
index 490f9d8..e1596ab 100644
--- a/content/docs/history-singa/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/history-singa/index.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>History of SINGA · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="History of SINGA · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Community</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Community</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/source-repository">Source Repository</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/mail-lists">Project Mailing Lists</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/issue-tracking">Issue Tracking</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/security">Security</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/team-list">The SINGA Team</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/history-singa">History of SINGA</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="license"></a><a href="#license" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>License</h2>
<p>SINGA is released under
<a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License Version 2.0</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/how-to-release.html b/content/docs/how-to-release.html
index a1ef112..c7ab88d 100644
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</code></pre>
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On behalf of the SINGA team, {SINGA Team Member Name}
<span class="hljs-code">```</span>
</code></pre>
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Build SINGA on Windows · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Build SINGA on Windows · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/install-win.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Build SINGA on Windows</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p>The process of building SINGA from source on Microsoft Windows has four parts:
install dependencies, build SINGA source, (optionally) install the python module
and (optionally) run the unit tests.</p>
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@
</ul>
<p>A video tutorial for running the unit tests can be found here:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOjwtrvTPn4"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YOjwtrvTPn4/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/install-win/index.html b/content/docs/install-win/index.html
index 7b49e71..c093ed9 100644
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/install-win.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Build SINGA on Windows</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p>The process of building SINGA from source on Microsoft Windows has four parts:
install dependencies, build SINGA source, (optionally) install the python module
and (optionally) run the unit tests.</p>
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@
</ul>
<p>A video tutorial for running the unit tests can be found here:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOjwtrvTPn4"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YOjwtrvTPn4/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
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index b79f629..79e14d7 100644
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@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
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@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">pip install singa -f http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-cpu.html --trusted-host singa.apache.org
</code></pre>
<p>You can install a specific version of SINGA via <code>singa==<version></code>, where the
-<code><version></code> field should be replaced, e.g., <code>3.3.0</code>. The available SINGA
+<code><version></code> field should be replaced, e.g., <code>4.0.0</code>. The available SINGA
versions are listed at the link.</p>
<ol start="2">
<li>GPU With CUDA and cuDNN
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">pip install singa -f http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-gpu.html --trusted-host singa.apache.org
</code></pre>
<p>You can also configure SINGA version and the CUDA version, like
-<code>singa==3.3.0+cuda10.2</code>. The available combinations of SINGA version and CUDA
+<code>singa==4.0.0+cuda10.2</code>. The available combinations of SINGA version and CUDA
version are listed at the link.</p>
<p>Note: the Python version of your local Python environment will be used to find
the corresponding wheel package. For example, if your local Python is 3.6, then
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
via <code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>. This problem should be resolved if
SINGA is installed via conda.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 6/1/2022</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#using-pip">Using Pip</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#using-pip">Using Pip</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/installation/index.html b/content/docs/installation/index.html
index b79f629..79e14d7 100644
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@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
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@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">pip install singa -f http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-cpu.html --trusted-host singa.apache.org
</code></pre>
<p>You can install a specific version of SINGA via <code>singa==<version></code>, where the
-<code><version></code> field should be replaced, e.g., <code>3.3.0</code>. The available SINGA
+<code><version></code> field should be replaced, e.g., <code>4.0.0</code>. The available SINGA
versions are listed at the link.</p>
<ol start="2">
<li>GPU With CUDA and cuDNN
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">pip install singa -f http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-gpu.html --trusted-host singa.apache.org
</code></pre>
<p>You can also configure SINGA version and the CUDA version, like
-<code>singa==3.3.0+cuda10.2</code>. The available combinations of SINGA version and CUDA
+<code>singa==4.0.0+cuda10.2</code>. The available combinations of SINGA version and CUDA
version are listed at the link.</p>
<p>Note: the Python version of your local Python environment will be used to find
the corresponding wheel package. For example, if your local Python is 3.6, then
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
via <code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>. This problem should be resolved if
SINGA is installed via conda.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 6/1/2022</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#using-pip">Using Pip</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#using-pip">Using Pip</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
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index 1515059..b7ba08f 100644
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+++ b/content/docs/issue-tracking.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Issue Tracking · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Issue Tracking · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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- </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Community</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Community</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/source-repository">Source Repository</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/mail-lists">Project Mailing Lists</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/issue-tracking">Issue Tracking</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/security">Security</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/team-list">The SINGA Team</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/history-singa">History of SINGA</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Community</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Community</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/source-repository">Source Repository</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/mail-lists">Project Mailing Lists</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/issue-tracking">Issue Tracking</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/security">Security</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/team-list">The SINGA Team</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/history-singa">History of SINGA</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
<p>SINGA used <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/singa">JIRA</a> to manage issues
including bugs, new features and discussions.</p>
<p>We are now moving to <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/issues">Github Issues</a>.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/issue-tracking/index.html b/content/docs/issue-tracking/index.html
index 1515059..b7ba08f 100644
--- a/content/docs/issue-tracking/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/issue-tracking/index.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Issue Tracking · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Issue Tracking · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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including bugs, new features and discussions.</p>
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<tr><td>Security</td><td><a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">security@singa.apache.org</a></td><td>private</td><td>private</td><td>private</td></tr>
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<p>Recurrent neural networks (RNN) are widely used for modelling sequential data, e.g., natural language sentences. This example describes how to implement a RNN application (or model) using SINGA's RNN layers. We will use the <a href="https://github.com/karpathy/char-rnn">char-rnn</a> model as an example, which trains over sentences or source code, with each character as an input unit. Particularly, we will train a RNN using GRU over Linux kernel source code. After training, we expect to generate meaningful code from the model.</p>
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@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python sample.py 'model.bin' 100 --seed '#include <std'
</code></pre>
<p>Please replace 'model.bin' with the path to one of the checkpoint paths.</p>
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<p>Recurrent neural networks (RNN) are widely used for modelling sequential data, e.g., natural language sentences. This example describes how to implement a RNN application (or model) using SINGA's RNN layers. We will use the <a href="https://github.com/karpathy/char-rnn">char-rnn</a> model as an example, which trains over sentences or source code, with each character as an input unit. Particularly, we will train a RNN using GRU over Linux kernel source code. After training, we expect to generate meaningful code from the model.</p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="compile-and-install-singa"></a><a href="#compile-and-install-singa" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Compile and install SINGA.</h3>
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python sample.py 'model.bin' 100 --seed '#include <std'
</code></pre>
<p>Please replace 'model.bin' with the path to one of the checkpoint paths.</p>
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#compile-and-install-singa">Compile and install SINGA.</a></li><li><a href="#prepare-the-dataset">Prepare the dataset.</a></li><li><a href="#start-the-training">Start the training,</a></li><li><a href="#sample-characters">Sample characters</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html b/content/docs/model-zoo-cnn-cifar10.html
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<p>Convolution neural network (CNN) is a type of feed-forward artificial neural network widely used for image and video classification. In this example, we will train three deep CNN models to do image classification for the CIFAR-10 dataset,</p>
<ol>
<li><p><a href="https://code.google.com/p/cuda-convnet/source/browse/trunk/example-layers/layers-18pct.cfg">AlexNet</a> the best validation accuracy (without data augmentation) we achieved was about 82%.</p></li>
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
<p>The predict.py file's main function provides an example of using the pre-trained alexnet model to do prediction for new images. The 'model.bin' file generated by the training program should be placed at the cifar10 folder to run</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python predict.py
</code></pre>
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<p>Convolution neural network (CNN) is a type of feed-forward artificial neural network widely used for image and video classification. In this example, we will train three deep CNN models to do image classification for the CIFAR-10 dataset,</p>
<ol>
<li><p><a href="https://code.google.com/p/cuda-convnet/source/browse/trunk/example-layers/layers-18pct.cfg">AlexNet</a> the best validation accuracy (without data augmentation) we achieved was about 82%.</p></li>
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
<p>The predict.py file's main function provides an example of using the pre-trained alexnet model to do prediction for new images. The 'model.bin' file generated by the training program should be placed at the cifar10 folder to run</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python predict.py
</code></pre>
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<p>Convolution neural network (CNN) is a type of feed-forward neural network widely used for image and video classification. In this example, we will use a <a href="http://papers.nips.cc/paper/4824-imagenet-classification-with-deep-convolutional-neural-networks">deep CNN model</a> to do image classification against the ImageNet dataset.</p>
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@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
<li><code>-nthreads <int></code>: the number of threads to load data which feed to the model.</li>
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<p>Convolution neural network (CNN) is a type of feed-forward neural network widely used for image and video classification. In this example, we will use a <a href="http://papers.nips.cc/paper/4824-imagenet-classification-with-deep-convolutional-neural-networks">deep CNN model</a> to do image classification against the ImageNet dataset.</p>
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@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
<li><code>-nthreads <int></code>: the number of threads to load data which feed to the model.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>In this example, we convert DenseNet on <a href="https://github.com/pytorch/vision/blob/master/torchvision/models/densenet.py">PyTorch</a> to SINGA for image classification.</p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
<blockquote>
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/model-zoo-imagenet-densenet.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Image Classification using DenseNet</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p>In this example, we convert DenseNet on <a href="https://github.com/pytorch/vision/blob/master/torchvision/models/densenet.py">PyTorch</a> to SINGA for image classification.</p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
<blockquote>
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download-one-parameter-checkpoint-file">Download one parameter checkpoint file</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit">Submit</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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<p>In this example, we convert GoogleNet trained on Caffe to SINGA for image classification. Tested on <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/commit/8c990f7da2de220e8a012c6a8ecc897dc7532744">SINGA commit</a> with <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/bvlc_googlenet.tar.gz">the parameters</a>.</p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
<blockquote>
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
pickle.dump(params, fd)
</code></pre>
<p>Then we construct the GoogleNet using SINGA's FeedForwardNet structure. Note that we added a EndPadding layer to resolve the issue from discrepancy of the rounding strategy of the pooling layer between Caffe (ceil) and cuDNN (floor). Only the MaxPooling layers outside inception blocks have this problem. Refer to <a href="https://gist.github.com/joelouismarino/a2ede9ab3928f999575423b9887abd14">this</a> for more detials.</p>
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html b/content/docs/model-zoo-imagenet-googlenet/index.html
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<p>In this example, we convert GoogleNet trained on Caffe to SINGA for image classification. Tested on <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/commit/8c990f7da2de220e8a012c6a8ecc897dc7532744">SINGA commit</a> with <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/bvlc_googlenet.tar.gz">the parameters</a>.</p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
<blockquote>
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
pickle.dump(params, fd)
</code></pre>
<p>Then we construct the GoogleNet using SINGA's FeedForwardNet structure. Note that we added a EndPadding layer to resolve the issue from discrepancy of the rounding strategy of the pooling layer between Caffe (ceil) and cuDNN (floor). Only the MaxPooling layers outside inception blocks have this problem. Refer to <a href="https://gist.github.com/joelouismarino/a2ede9ab3928f999575423b9887abd14">this</a> for more detials.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html b/content/docs/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.html
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<p>In this example, we convert Inception V4 trained on Tensorflow to SINGA for image classification. Tested on SINGA version 1.1.1 with <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/inception_v4.tar.gz">parameters pretrained by tensorflow</a>.</p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
<blockquote>
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
<p>We first extract the parameter values from <a href="http://download.tensorflow.org/models/inception_v4_2016_09_09.tar.gz">Tensorflow's checkpoint file</a> into a pickle version. After downloading and decompressing the checkpoint file, run the following script</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py --file_name=inception_v4.ckpt</span>
</code></pre>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/model-zoo-imagenet-inception.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Image Classification using Inception V4</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p>In this example, we convert Inception V4 trained on Tensorflow to SINGA for image classification. Tested on SINGA version 1.1.1 with <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/inception_v4.tar.gz">parameters pretrained by tensorflow</a>.</p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
<blockquote>
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
<p>We first extract the parameter values from <a href="http://download.tensorflow.org/models/inception_v4_2016_09_09.tar.gz">Tensorflow's checkpoint file</a> into a pickle version. After downloading and decompressing the checkpoint file, run the following script</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py --file_name=inception_v4.ckpt</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#run-the-program">Run the program</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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<p>In this example, we convert Residual Networks trained on <a href="https://github.com/facebook/fb.resnet.torch">Torch</a> to SINGA for image classification. Tested with the <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/resnet-18.tar.gz">parameters pretrained by Torch</a></p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
<blockquote>
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">$ <span class="hljs-keyword">python</span> convert.<span class="hljs-keyword">py</span> -h
</code></pre>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/model-zoo-imagenet-resnet.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Image Classification using Residual Networks</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p>In this example, we convert Residual Networks trained on <a href="https://github.com/facebook/fb.resnet.torch">Torch</a> to SINGA for image classification. Tested with the <a href="https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/dlfile/resnet/resnet-18.tar.gz">parameters pretrained by Torch</a></p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
<blockquote>
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">$ <span class="hljs-keyword">python</span> convert.<span class="hljs-keyword">py</span> -h
</code></pre>
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html b/content/docs/model-zoo-imagenet-vgg.html
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<p>In this example, we convert VGG on <a href="https://github.com/pytorch/vision/blob/master/torchvision/models/vgg.py">PyTorch</a> to SINGA for image classification.</p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
<blockquote>
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
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<p>In this example, we convert VGG on <a href="https://github.com/pytorch/vision/blob/master/torchvision/models/vgg.py">PyTorch</a> to SINGA for image classification.</p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="instructions"></a><a href="#instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Instructions</h2>
<blockquote>
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
<p>Usage:</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell"><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> python convert.py -h</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#instructions">Instructions</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#download">Download</a></li><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#submit-images-for-classification">Submit images for classification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#details">Details</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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<p>This example is to train an RBM model using the MNIST dataset. The RBM model and its hyper-parameters are set following <a href="http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~hinton/science.pdf">Hinton's paper</a></p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="running-instructions"></a><a href="#running-instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Running instructions</h2>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="download"></a><a href="#download" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Download</h3>
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
<p>By default the training code would run on CPU. To run it on a GPU card, please start the program with an additional argument</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python train.py mnist.pkl.gz --use_gpu
</code></pre>
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<p>This example is to train an RBM model using the MNIST dataset. The RBM model and its hyper-parameters are set following <a href="http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~hinton/science.pdf">Hinton's paper</a></p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="running-instructions"></a><a href="#running-instructions" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Running instructions</h2>
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="download"></a><a href="#download" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Download</h3>
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
<p>By default the training code would run on CPU. To run it on a GPU card, please start the program with an additional argument</p>
<pre><code class="hljs css language-shell">python train.py mnist.pkl.gz --use_gpu
</code></pre>
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/autograd.html b/content/docs/next/autograd.html
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@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@
<p>Refer
<a href="https://singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/autograd.html#module-singa.autograd">here</a>
for more details of Python API.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/17/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/optimizer"><span>Optimizer</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-model-api">Using the Model API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/17/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/optimizer"><span>Optimizer</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-model-api">Using the Model API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/autograd/index.html b/content/docs/next/autograd/index.html
index d8894ee..e5904d9 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/autograd/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/autograd/index.html
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@
<p>Refer
<a href="https://singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/autograd.html#module-singa.autograd">here</a>
for more details of Python API.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/17/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/optimizer"><span>Optimizer</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-model-api">Using the Model API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/17/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/tensor"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Tensor</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/optimizer"><span>Optimizer</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#relevant-modules">Relevant Modules</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operation">Operation</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#operation-only">Operation only</a></li><li><a href="#operation--layer">Operation + Layer</a></li><li><a href="#using-the-model-api">Using the Model API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/benchmark-train.html b/content/docs/next/benchmark-train.html
index d094b5c..88d8b66 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/benchmark-train.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/benchmark-train.html
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
the server.</p>
<p><img src="/docs/assets/benchmark.png" alt="Benchmark Experiments"> <br/> <strong>Scalability test. Bars
are for the throughput; lines are for the communication cost.</strong></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/benchmark-train/index.html b/content/docs/next/benchmark-train/index.html
index d094b5c..88d8b66 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/benchmark-train/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/benchmark-train/index.html
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
the server.</p>
<p><img src="/docs/assets/benchmark.png" alt="Benchmark Experiments"> <br/> <strong>Scalability test. Bars
are for the throughput; lines are for the communication cost.</strong></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/build.html b/content/docs/next/build.html
index 76a473b..c54660e 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/build.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/build.html
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@
to change the python interpreter, e.g., reset the $PATH to put the correct
path of Python at the front position.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/build/index.html b/content/docs/next/build/index.html
index 76a473b..c54660e 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/build/index.html
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@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@
to change the python interpreter, e.g., reset the $PATH to put the correct
path of Python at the front position.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/downloads"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Download SINGA</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/contribute-code"><span>How to Contribute Code</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use-conda-to-build-singa">Use Conda to build SINGA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#build-cpu-version">Build CPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-version">Build GPU Version</a></li><li><a href="#post-processing">Post Processing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-ubuntu">Use native tools to build SINGA on Ubuntu</a></li><li><a href="#use-native-tools-to-build-singa-on-centos7">Use native tools to Build SINGA on Centos7</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#installing-dependencies">Installing dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#installation">Installation</a></li><li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#compile-singa-on-windows">Compile SINGA on Windows</a></li><li><a href="#more-details-about-the-compilation-options">More details about the compilation options</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#use_modules-deprecated">USE_MODULES (deprecated)</a></li><li><a href="#use_python">USE_PYTHON</a></li><li><a href="#use_cuda">USE_CUDA</a></li><li><a href="#use_dnnl">USE_DNNL</a></li><li><a href="#use_opencl">USE_OPENCL</a></li><li><a href="#package">PACKAGE</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/contribute-code.html b/content/docs/next/contribute-code.html
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--- a/content/docs/next/contribute-code.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/contribute-code.html
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="workflow"></a><a href="#workflow" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Workflow</h2>
<p>Please refer to the <a href="/docs/next/git-workflow">git workflow page</a>.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/contribute-code/index.html b/content/docs/next/contribute-code/index.html
index a3d8a46..f838dc5 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/contribute-code/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/contribute-code/index.html
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
</code></pre>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="workflow"></a><a href="#workflow" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>Workflow</h2>
<p>Please refer to the <a href="/docs/next/git-workflow">git workflow page</a>.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/build"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Build SINGA from Source</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/contribute-docs"><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#coding-style">Coding Style</a></li><li><a href="#developing-environment">Developing Environment</a></li><li><a href="#workflow">Workflow</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/contribute-docs.html b/content/docs/next/contribute-docs.html
index 7ac379f..f14af79 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/contribute-docs.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/contribute-docs.html
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
"description": "# spell check only for cpp comments"
}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#markdown-files">Markdown Files</a></li><li><a href="#api-references">API References</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#spell-check">Spell Check</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#markdown-files">Markdown Files</a></li><li><a href="#api-references">API References</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#spell-check">Spell Check</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/contribute-docs/index.html b/content/docs/next/contribute-docs/index.html
index 7ac379f..f14af79 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/contribute-docs/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/contribute-docs/index.html
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
"description": "# spell check only for cpp comments"
}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#markdown-files">Markdown Files</a></li><li><a href="#api-references">API References</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#spell-check">Spell Check</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/contribute-code"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute Code</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/how-to-release"><span>How to Prepare a Release</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#markdown-files">Markdown Files</a></li><li><a href="#api-references">API References</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#visual-studio-code-vscode">Visual Studio Code (vscode)</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#docstring-snippet">Docstring Snippet</a></li><li><a href="#spell-check">Spell Check</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/device.html b/content/docs/next/device.html
index c9654dd..058fbb5 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/device.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/device.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
ary1 = device.create_cuda_gpus(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices, starting from ID 0</span>
ary2 = device.create_cuda_gpus([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices on ID 0 and 2</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/device/index.html b/content/docs/next/device/index.html
index c9654dd..058fbb5 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/device/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/device/index.html
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
ary1 = device.create_cuda_gpus(<span class="hljs-number">2</span>) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices, starting from ID 0</span>
ary2 = device.create_cuda_gpus([<span class="hljs-number">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number">2</span>]) <span class="hljs-comment"># create 2 devices on ID 0 and 2</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/examples"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Examples</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/tensor"><span>Tensor</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#specific-devices">Specific devices</a></li><li><a href="#example-usage">Example Usage</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/dist-train.html b/content/docs/next/dist-train.html
index f70a5fc..25df590 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/dist-train.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/dist-train.html
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@
partitioned training data. Once the sub-gradient is calculated on each
processes, the overall stochastic gradient is obtained by all-reducing the
sub-gradients evaluated by all processes.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/onnx"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>ONNX</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/time-profiling"><span>Time Profiling</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example-code">Example Code</a></li><li><a href="#execution-instruction">Execution Instruction</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#optimizations-for-distributed-training">Optimizations for Distributed Training</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#no-optimizations">No Optimizations</a></li><li><a href="#half-precision-gradients">Half-precision Gradients</a></li><li><a href="#partial-synchronization">Partial Synchronization</a></li><li><a href="#gradient-sparsification">Gradient Sparsification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#c-interface-for-nccl-communicator">C interface for NCCL communicator</a></li><li><a href="#python-interface-for-distopt">Python interface for DistOpt</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/onnx"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>ONNX</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/time-profiling"><span>Time Profiling</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example-code">Example Code</a></li><li><a href="#execution-instruction">Execution Instruction</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#optimizations-for-distributed-training">Optimizations for Distributed Training</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#no-optimizations">No Optimizations</a></li><li><a href="#half-precision-gradients">Half-precision Gradients</a></li><li><a href="#partial-synchronization">Partial Synchronization</a></li><li><a href="#gradient-sparsification">Gradient Sparsification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#c-interface-for-nccl-communicator">C interface for NCCL communicator</a></li><li><a href="#python-interface-for-distopt">Python interface for DistOpt</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/dist-train/index.html b/content/docs/next/dist-train/index.html
index f70a5fc..25df590 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/dist-train/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/dist-train/index.html
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@
partitioned training data. Once the sub-gradient is calculated on each
processes, the overall stochastic gradient is obtained by all-reducing the
sub-gradients evaluated by all processes.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/onnx"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>ONNX</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/time-profiling"><span>Time Profiling</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example-code">Example Code</a></li><li><a href="#execution-instruction">Execution Instruction</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#optimizations-for-distributed-training">Optimizations for Distributed Training</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#no-optimizations">No Optimizations</a></li><li><a href="#half-precision-gradients">Half-precision Gradients</a></li><li><a href="#partial-synchronization">Partial Synchronization</a></li><li><a href="#gradient-sparsification">Gradient Sparsification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#c-interface-for-nccl-communicator">C interface for NCCL communicator</a></li><li><a href="#python-interface-for-distopt">Python interface for DistOpt</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/onnx"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>ONNX</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/time-profiling"><span>Time Profiling</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#usage">Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example-code">Example Code</a></li><li><a href="#execution-instruction">Execution Instruction</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#optimizations-for-distributed-training">Optimizations for Distributed Training</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#no-optimizations">No Optimizations</a></li><li><a href="#half-precision-gradients">Half-precision Gradients</a></li><li><a href="#partial-synchronization">Partial Synchronization</a></li><li><a href="#gradient-sparsification">Gradient Sparsification</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#c-interface-for-nccl-communicator">C interface for NCCL communicator</a></li><li><a href="#python-interface-for-distopt">Python interface for DistOpt</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/downloads.html b/content/docs/next/downloads.html
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<li>Unit test using gtest</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/7/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/half-precision"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Half Precision</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/build"><span>Build SINGA from Source</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#verify">Verify</a></li><li><a href="#v330-07-june-2022">V3.3.0 (07 June 2022):</a></li><li><a href="#v320-15-august-2021">V3.2.0 (15 August 2021):</a></li><li><a href="#v310-30-october-2020">V3.1.0 (30 October 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#v300-18-april-2020">V3.0.0 (18 April 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v200-20-april-2019">Incubating v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018">Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017">Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016">Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016">Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016">Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 6/14/2022</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/half-precision"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Half Precision</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/build"><span>Build SINGA from Source</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#verify">Verify</a></li><li><a href="#v330-07-june-2022">V3.3.0 (07 June 2022):</a></li><li><a href="#v320-15-august-2021">V3.2.0 (15 August 2021):</a></li><li><a href="#v310-30-october-2020">V3.1.0 (30 October 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#v300-18-april-2020">V3.0.0 (18 April 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v200-20-april-2019">Incubating v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018">Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017">Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016">Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016">Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016">Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/downloads/index.html b/content/docs/next/downloads/index.html
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--- a/content/docs/next/downloads/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/downloads/index.html
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@
<li>Unit test using gtest</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/7/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/half-precision"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Half Precision</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/build"><span>Build SINGA from Source</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#verify">Verify</a></li><li><a href="#v330-07-june-2022">V3.3.0 (07 June 2022):</a></li><li><a href="#v320-15-august-2021">V3.2.0 (15 August 2021):</a></li><li><a href="#v310-30-october-2020">V3.1.0 (30 October 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#v300-18-april-2020">V3.0.0 (18 April 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v200-20-april-2019">Incubating v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018">Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017">Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016">Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016">Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016">Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 6/14/2022</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/half-precision"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Half Precision</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/build"><span>Build SINGA from Source</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#verify">Verify</a></li><li><a href="#v330-07-june-2022">V3.3.0 (07 June 2022):</a></li><li><a href="#v320-15-august-2021">V3.2.0 (15 August 2021):</a></li><li><a href="#v310-30-october-2020">V3.1.0 (30 October 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#v300-18-april-2020">V3.0.0 (18 April 2020):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v200-20-april-2019">Incubating v2.0.0 (20 April 2019):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v120-6-june-2018">Incubating v1.2.0 (6 June 2018):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v110-12-february-2017">Incubating v1.1.0 (12 February 2017):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v100-8-september-2016">Incubating v1.0.0 (8 September 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v030-20-april-2016">Incubating v0.3.0 (20 April 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v020-14-january-2016">Incubating v0.2.0 (14 January 2016):</a></li><li><a href="#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">Incubating v0.1.0 (8 October 2015):</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/examples.html b/content/docs/next/examples.html
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--- a/content/docs/next/examples.html
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@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
<li>Restricted Boltzmann Machine over the MNIST dataset, <a href="">source</a>,
<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19996noGu9JyHHkVmp4edBGu7PJSRQKsd">Colab</a>.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#text-classification">Text Classification</a></li><li><a href="#text-ranking">Text Ranking</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#text-classification">Text Classification</a></li><li><a href="#text-ranking">Text Ranking</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/examples/index.html b/content/docs/next/examples/index.html
index 627f957..9f829b6 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/examples/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/examples/index.html
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
<li>Restricted Boltzmann Machine over the MNIST dataset, <a href="">source</a>,
<a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19996noGu9JyHHkVmp4edBGu7PJSRQKsd">Colab</a>.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#text-classification">Text Classification</a></li><li><a href="#text-ranking">Text Ranking</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/software-stack"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Software Stack</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/device"><span>Device</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-and-emotion-recognition">Face and Emotion Recognition</a></li><li><a href="#image-generation">Image Generation</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li><li><a href="#text-classification">Text Classification</a></li><li><a href="#text-ranking">Text Ranking</a></li><li><a href="#misc">Misc.</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/git-workflow.html b/content/docs/next/git-workflow.html
index edb8ee1..474fe25 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/git-workflow.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/git-workflow.html
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
</code></pre>
<p>Do not use rebase to merge the PR; and disable fast forward.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/git-workflow/index.html b/content/docs/next/git-workflow/index.html
index edb8ee1..474fe25 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/git-workflow/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/git-workflow/index.html
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
</code></pre>
<p>Do not use rebase to merge the PR; and disable fast forward.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/how-to-release"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Prepare a Release</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#for-developers">For Developers</a></li><li><a href="#for-committers">For Committers</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/graph.html b/content/docs/next/graph.html
index c282943..ec7429d 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/graph.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/graph.html
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@
<li>Currently, there is a little improvement in terms of speed. More optimizations
can be done towards the efficiency.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/graph/index.html b/content/docs/next/graph/index.html
index c282943..ec7429d 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/graph/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/graph/index.html
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@
<li>Currently, there is a little improvement in terms of speed. More optimizations
can be done towards the efficiency.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/optimizer"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Optimizer</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/onnx"><span>ONNX</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#graph-construction">Graph Construction</a></li><li><a href="#optimization">Optimization</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#new-operator">New Operator</a></li><li><a href="#benchmark">Benchmark</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#single-node">Single node</a></li><li><a href="#multi-processes">Multi processes</a></li><li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/half-precision.html b/content/docs/next/half-precision.html
index ae6560d..e41977f 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/half-precision.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/half-precision.html
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@
<span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/16/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/time-profiling"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Time Profiling</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-definition">Half data type definition</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-operation">Half data type operation</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-three-step">Training in Half three step</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-dependency">Half Type Dependency</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/16/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/time-profiling"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Time Profiling</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-definition">Half data type definition</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-operation">Half data type operation</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-three-step">Training in Half three step</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-dependency">Half Type Dependency</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/half-precision/index.html b/content/docs/next/half-precision/index.html
index ae6560d..e41977f 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/half-precision/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/half-precision/index.html
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@
<span class="hljs-comment">// ...</span>
}
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/16/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/time-profiling"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Time Profiling</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-definition">Half data type definition</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-operation">Half data type operation</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-three-step">Training in Half three step</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-dependency">Half Type Dependency</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/16/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/time-profiling"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Time Profiling</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/downloads"><span>Download SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type">Half data type</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-data-type-definition">Half data type definition</a></li><li><a href="#half-data-type-operation">Half data type operation</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-in-half">Training in Half</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#training-in-half-three-step">Training in Half three step</a></li><li><a href="#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#half-type-dependency">Half Type Dependency</a></li><li><a href="#nvidia-hardware-acceleration-tensor-core">Nvidia Hardware Acceleration: Tensor Core</a></li><li><a href="#implement-operations">Implement Operations</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/history-singa.html b/content/docs/next/history-singa.html
index d7ab65d..28965f7 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/history-singa.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/history-singa.html
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="license"></a><a href="#license" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>License</h2>
<p>SINGA is released under
<a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License Version 2.0</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/history-singa/index.html b/content/docs/next/history-singa/index.html
index d7ab65d..28965f7 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/history-singa/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/history-singa/index.html
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="license"></a><a href="#license" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>License</h2>
<p>SINGA is released under
<a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License Version 2.0</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/team-list"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>The SINGA Team</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#history">History</a></li><li><a href="#license">License</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/how-to-release.html b/content/docs/next/how-to-release.html
index 8370f85..2fb5cc5 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/how-to-release.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/how-to-release.html
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
On behalf of the SINGA team, {SINGA Team Member Name}
<span class="hljs-code">```</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/how-to-release/index.html b/content/docs/next/how-to-release/index.html
index 8370f85..2fb5cc5 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/how-to-release/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/how-to-release/index.html
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
On behalf of the SINGA team, {SINGA Team Member Name}
<span class="hljs-code">```</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/contribute-docs"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>How to Contribute to Documentation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/git-workflow"><span>Git Workflow</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/install-win.html b/content/docs/next/install-win.html
index ea7cfbf..530bc85 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/install-win.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/install-win.html
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@
</ul>
<p>A video tutorial for running the unit tests can be found here:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOjwtrvTPn4"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YOjwtrvTPn4/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/install-win/index.html b/content/docs/next/install-win/index.html
index ea7cfbf..530bc85 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/install-win/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/install-win/index.html
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@
</ul>
<p>A video tutorial for running the unit tests can be found here:</p>
<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOjwtrvTPn4"><img src="https://img.youtube.com/vi/YOjwtrvTPn4/0.jpg" alt="youtube video"></a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests">Run Unit Tests</a></li><li><a href="#build-gpu-support-with-cuda">Build GPU support with CUDA</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#install-dependencies-1">Install Dependencies</a></li><li><a href="#build-singa-source-1">Build SINGA source</a></li><li><a href="#install-python-module-1">Install Python module</a></li><li><a href="#run-unit-tests-1">Run Unit Tests</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/installation.html b/content/docs/next/installation.html
index 3efcdc9..e22886f 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/installation.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/installation.html
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">pip install singa -f http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-cpu.html --trusted-host singa.apache.org
</code></pre>
<p>You can install a specific version of SINGA via <code>singa==<version></code>, where the
-<code><version></code> field should be replaced, e.g., <code>3.3.0</code>. The available SINGA
+<code><version></code> field should be replaced, e.g., <code>4.0.0</code>. The available SINGA
versions are listed at the link.</p>
<ol start="2">
<li>GPU With CUDA and cuDNN
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">pip install singa -f http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-gpu.html --trusted-host singa.apache.org
</code></pre>
<p>You can also configure SINGA version and the CUDA version, like
-<code>singa==3.3.0+cuda10.2</code>. The available combinations of SINGA version and CUDA
+<code>singa==4.0.0+cuda10.2</code>. The available combinations of SINGA version and CUDA
version are listed at the link.</p>
<p>Note: the Python version of your local Python environment will be used to find
the corresponding wheel package. For example, if your local Python is 3.6, then
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
via <code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>. This problem should be resolved if
SINGA is installed via conda.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 6/1/2022</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#using-pip">Using Pip</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 6/1/2022</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#using-pip">Using Pip</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/installation/index.html b/content/docs/next/installation/index.html
index 3efcdc9..e22886f 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/installation/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/installation/index.html
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">pip install singa -f http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-cpu.html --trusted-host singa.apache.org
</code></pre>
<p>You can install a specific version of SINGA via <code>singa==<version></code>, where the
-<code><version></code> field should be replaced, e.g., <code>3.3.0</code>. The available SINGA
+<code><version></code> field should be replaced, e.g., <code>4.0.0</code>. The available SINGA
versions are listed at the link.</p>
<ol start="2">
<li>GPU With CUDA and cuDNN
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
<pre><code class="hljs css language-bash">pip install singa -f http://singa.apache.org/docs/next/wheel-gpu.html --trusted-host singa.apache.org
</code></pre>
<p>You can also configure SINGA version and the CUDA version, like
-<code>singa==3.3.0+cuda10.2</code>. The available combinations of SINGA version and CUDA
+<code>singa==4.0.0+cuda10.2</code>. The available combinations of SINGA version and CUDA
version are listed at the link.</p>
<p>Note: the Python version of your local Python environment will be used to find
the corresponding wheel package. For example, if your local Python is 3.6, then
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
via <code>otool -L <path to _singa_wrap.so></code>. This problem should be resolved if
SINGA is installed via conda.</p></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 6/1/2022</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#using-pip">Using Pip</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 6/1/2022</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/software-stack"><span>Software Stack</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#using-pip">Using Pip</a></li><li><a href="#using-docker">Using Docker</a></li><li><a href="#from-source">From source</a></li><li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/issue-tracking.html b/content/docs/next/issue-tracking.html
index 3aa6f83..611ccf2 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/issue-tracking.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/issue-tracking.html
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
<p>SINGA used <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/singa">JIRA</a> to manage issues
including bugs, new features and discussions.</p>
<p>We are now moving to <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/issues">Github Issues</a>.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/issue-tracking/index.html b/content/docs/next/issue-tracking/index.html
index 3aa6f83..611ccf2 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/issue-tracking/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/issue-tracking/index.html
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
<p>SINGA used <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/singa">JIRA</a> to manage issues
including bugs, new features and discussions.</p>
<p>We are now moving to <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/issues">Github Issues</a>.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/mail-lists"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Project Mailing Lists</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/security"><span>Security</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/mail-lists.html b/content/docs/next/mail-lists.html
index 5c7e314..743f1d4 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/mail-lists.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/mail-lists.html
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<tr><td>Security</td><td><a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">security@singa.apache.org</a></td><td>private</td><td>private</td><td>private</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/source-repository"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Source Repository</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/issue-tracking"><span>Issue Tracking</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/source-repository"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Source Repository</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/issue-tracking"><span>Issue Tracking</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/mail-lists/index.html b/content/docs/next/mail-lists/index.html
index 5c7e314..743f1d4 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/mail-lists/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/mail-lists/index.html
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<tr><td>Security</td><td><a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">security@singa.apache.org</a></td><td>private</td><td>private</td><td>private</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/source-repository"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Source Repository</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/issue-tracking"><span>Issue Tracking</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/source-repository"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Source Repository</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/issue-tracking"><span>Issue Tracking</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/onnx.html b/content/docs/next/onnx.html
index d88e7a4..b7e2574 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/onnx.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/onnx.html
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sonnxmodel"></a><a href="#sonnxmodel" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SONNXModel</h3>
<p><code>SONNXModel</code> inherits from <code>sonnx.SONNXModel</code> and implements the method
<code>forward</code> to provide a unified API with other SINGA models.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/11/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li><li><a href="#sonnxmodel">SONNXModel</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/11/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li><li><a href="#sonnxmodel">SONNXModel</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/onnx/index.html b/content/docs/next/onnx/index.html
index d88e7a4..b7e2574 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/onnx/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/onnx/index.html
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@
<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sonnxmodel"></a><a href="#sonnxmodel" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SONNXModel</h3>
<p><code>SONNXModel</code> inherits from <code>sonnx.SONNXModel</code> and implements the method
<code>forward</code> to provide a unified API with other SINGA models.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/11/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li><li><a href="#sonnxmodel">SONNXModel</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/11/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li><li><a href="#sonnxmodel">SONNXModel</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/optimizer.html b/content/docs/next/optimizer.html
index d62c490..66c2f38 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/optimizer.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/optimizer.html
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
<span class="hljs-comment"># Training with one batch</span>
out, loss = model(tx, ty)
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/7/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-an-optimizer">Create an optimizer</a></li><li><a href="#create-a-decay-scheduler">Create a Decay Scheduler</a></li><li><a href="#use-the-optimizer-in-model-api">Use the optimizer in Model API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/7/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-an-optimizer">Create an optimizer</a></li><li><a href="#create-a-decay-scheduler">Create a Decay Scheduler</a></li><li><a href="#use-the-optimizer-in-model-api">Use the optimizer in Model API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/optimizer/index.html b/content/docs/next/optimizer/index.html
index d62c490..66c2f38 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/optimizer/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/optimizer/index.html
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
<span class="hljs-comment"># Training with one batch</span>
out, loss = model(tx, ty)
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/7/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-an-optimizer">Create an optimizer</a></li><li><a href="#create-a-decay-scheduler">Create a Decay Scheduler</a></li><li><a href="#use-the-optimizer-in-model-api">Use the optimizer in Model API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/7/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/autograd"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Autograd</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/graph"><span>Model</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-an-optimizer">Create an optimizer</a></li><li><a href="#create-a-decay-scheduler">Create a Decay Scheduler</a></li><li><a href="#use-the-optimizer-in-model-api">Use the optimizer in Model API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html
index 1bec214..6227755 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0.html
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-41">SINGA-41</a> Support single node
single GPU training</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html
index 1bec214..6227755 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-41">SINGA-41</a> Support single node
single GPU training</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html
index 14bdc08..bc5ad13 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0.html
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-116] Fix a bug in InnerProductLayer caused by weight matrix sharing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html
index 14bdc08..bc5ad13 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.2.0/index.html
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-116] Fix a bug in InnerProductLayer caused by weight matrix sharing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html
index fbd007f..7b2ff0b 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-143] The compilation cannot detect libsingagpu.so file</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html
index fbd007f..7b2ff0b 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0/index.html
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-143] The compilation cannot detect libsingagpu.so file</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html
index f45c398..3787f22 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-172] Add CMake supporting for Cuda and Cudnn libs</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html
index f45c398..3787f22 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-172] Add CMake supporting for Cuda and Cudnn libs</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html
index 33ddf49..2ceab28 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
Python</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html
index 33ddf49..2ceab28 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0/index.html
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
Python</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html
index f2c8b7f..4bc9235 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0.html
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-369] the errors of examples in testing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html
index f2c8b7f..4bc9235 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.2.0/index.html
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-369] the errors of examples in testing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html
index 10dda3f..27fa51e 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-380] Fix bugs from Reshape</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html
index 10dda3f..27fa51e 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0/index.html
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-380] Fix bugs from Reshape</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.html
index 35446c7..9eb4088 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.html
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0/index.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0/index.html
index 35446c7..9eb4088 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0/index.html
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html
index cb5c502..9a4b4fc 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
gradient by param python object id for testing purpose.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0/index.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0/index.html
index cb5c502..9a4b4fc 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0/index.html
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
gradient by param python object id for testing purpose.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.html
index 5e23082..9d46ae5 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.html
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<li>Solve the warnings of deprecated functions in the distributed optimizer module.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 8/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1.html
index e207b1e..60c4f69 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1.html
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<li>Solve the warnings of deprecated functions in the distributed optimizer module.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 8/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1/index.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1/index.html
index e207b1e..60c4f69 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1/index.html
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<li>Solve the warnings of deprecated functions in the distributed optimizer module.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0/index.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0/index.html
index 5e23082..9d46ae5 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0/index.html
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<li>Solve the warnings of deprecated functions in the distributed optimizer module.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 8/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.3.0.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.3.0.html
index 4fd3b40..a090377 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.3.0.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.3.0.html
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<li>Fix the model of pad from bytes to str.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/26/2022</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.3.0/index.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.3.0/index.html
index 4fd3b40..a090377 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.3.0/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.3.0/index.html
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<li>Fix the model of pad from bytes to str.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/26/2022</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_4.0.0.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_4.0.0.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c184cb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_4.0.0.html
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>next</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/next/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/next/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_4.0.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Apache SINGA-4.0.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
+<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Enhance distributed training</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Add support for configuration of number of GPUs to be used.</li>
+<li>Increase max epoch for better convergence.</li>
+<li>Print intermediate mini-batch information.</li>
+<li>Add support for switching between CPU and GPU devices.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Enhance example code</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Update the args of normalize forward function in the transforms of the BloodMnist example.</li>
+<li>Update the xceptionnet in the cnn example.</li>
+<li>Add arguments for weight decay, momentum and learning rates in the cnn example.</li>
+<li>Add training scripts for more datasets and model types in the cnn example.</li>
+<li>Add resnet dist version for the large dataset cnn example.</li>
+<li>Add cifar 10 multi process for the large dataset cnn example.</li>
+<li>Add sparsification implementation for mnist in the large dataset cnn example.</li>
+<li>Update the cifar datasets downloading to local directories.</li>
+<li>Extend the cifar datasets load function for customized directorires.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Enhance the webpage</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Update online documentation for distributed training.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Promote code quality</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Update inline comments for prepreocessing and data loading.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Update the PIL image module</p></li>
+<li><p>Update the runtime Dockerfile</p></li>
+<li><p>Update the conda files</p></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
+ if (e.target !== document.body) {
+ return;
+ }
+ // keyCode for '/' (slash)
+ if (e.keyCode === 191) {
+ const search = document.getElementById('search_input_react');
+ search && search.focus();
+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
+ apiKey: '45202133606c0b5fa6d21cddc4725dd8',
+ indexName: 'apache_singa',
+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
+ algoliaOptions: {"facetFilters":["language:en","version:3.0.0"]}
+ });
+ </script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_4.0.0/index.html b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_4.0.0/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c184cb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/next/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_4.0.0/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Apache SINGA-4.0.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="next"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Apache SINGA-4.0.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>next</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/next/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/next/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_4.0.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Apache SINGA-4.0.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
+<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Enhance distributed training</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Add support for configuration of number of GPUs to be used.</li>
+<li>Increase max epoch for better convergence.</li>
+<li>Print intermediate mini-batch information.</li>
+<li>Add support for switching between CPU and GPU devices.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Enhance example code</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Update the args of normalize forward function in the transforms of the BloodMnist example.</li>
+<li>Update the xceptionnet in the cnn example.</li>
+<li>Add arguments for weight decay, momentum and learning rates in the cnn example.</li>
+<li>Add training scripts for more datasets and model types in the cnn example.</li>
+<li>Add resnet dist version for the large dataset cnn example.</li>
+<li>Add cifar 10 multi process for the large dataset cnn example.</li>
+<li>Add sparsification implementation for mnist in the large dataset cnn example.</li>
+<li>Update the cifar datasets downloading to local directories.</li>
+<li>Extend the cifar datasets load function for customized directorires.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Enhance the webpage</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Update online documentation for distributed training.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Promote code quality</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Update inline comments for prepreocessing and data loading.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Update the PIL image module</p></li>
+<li><p>Update the runtime Dockerfile</p></li>
+<li><p>Update the conda files</p></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
+ if (e.target !== document.body) {
+ return;
+ }
+ // keyCode for '/' (slash)
+ if (e.keyCode === 191) {
+ const search = document.getElementById('search_input_react');
+ search && search.focus();
+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
+ apiKey: '45202133606c0b5fa6d21cddc4725dd8',
+ indexName: 'apache_singa',
+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
+ algoliaOptions: {"facetFilters":["language:en","version:3.0.0"]}
+ });
+ </script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/next/security.html b/content/docs/next/security.html
index 6a368cd..90e00f2 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/security.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/security.html
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
</script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/security.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Security</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p>Users can report security vulnerabilities to
<a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">SINGA Security Team Mail List</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/security/index.html b/content/docs/next/security/index.html
index 6a368cd..90e00f2 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/security/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/security/index.html
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
</script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/security.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Security</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p>Users can report security vulnerabilities to
<a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">SINGA Security Team Mail List</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/software-stack.html b/content/docs/next/software-stack.html
index 1c0e2bb..e083b18 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/software-stack.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/software-stack.html
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
<li>SingaBackend for loading onnx format model into SINGA for training and
inference.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/software-stack/index.html b/content/docs/next/software-stack/index.html
index 1c0e2bb..e083b18 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/software-stack/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/software-stack/index.html
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
<li>SingaBackend for loading onnx format model into SINGA for training and
inference.</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/4/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/installation"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Installation</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/examples"><span>Examples</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#low-level-backend">Low-level Backend</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#device">Device</a></li><li><a href="#tensor">Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#operator">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#communicator">Communicator</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-interface">Python Interface</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#opt">Opt</a></li><li><a href="#operator-1">Operator</a></li><li><a href="#layer">Layer</a></li><li><a href="#autograd">Autograd</a></li><li><a href="#model">Model</a></li><li><a href="#onnx">ONNX</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/source-repository.html b/content/docs/next/source-repository.html
index 6a57f8d..b8e3593 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/source-repository.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/source-repository.html
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
<p>The code can be cloned from either repo, e.g.,</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/source-repository/index.html b/content/docs/next/source-repository/index.html
index 6a57f8d..b8e3593 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/source-repository/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/source-repository/index.html
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
<p>The code can be cloned from either repo, e.g.,</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/team-list.html b/content/docs/next/team-list.html
index 8262142..2f04c81 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/team-list.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/team-list.html
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
<tr><td>Zhaojing Luo</td><td><a href="mailto:zhaojing@apache.org">zhaojing@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Thejas Nair</td><td><a href="mailto:thejas@apache.org">thejas@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
<tr><td>Beng Chin Ooi</td><td><a href="mailto:ooibc@apache.org">ooibc@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
-<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>DePaul University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>Université Grenoble Alpes</td></tr>
<tr><td>Kian-Lee Tan</td><td><a href="mailto:tankianlee@apache.org">tankianlee@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Sheng Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangsh@apache.org">wangsh@apache.org</a></td><td>DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group</td></tr>
<tr><td>Wei Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangwei@apache.org">wangwei@apache.org</a></td><td>ByteDance</td></tr>
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
<tr><td>Chang Yao</td><td><a href="mailto:yaochang2009@gmail.com">yaochang2009@gmail.com</a></td><td>Hangzhou MZH Technologies</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 3/7/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 3/7/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/team-list/index.html b/content/docs/next/team-list/index.html
index 8262142..2f04c81 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/team-list/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/team-list/index.html
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
<tr><td>Zhaojing Luo</td><td><a href="mailto:zhaojing@apache.org">zhaojing@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Thejas Nair</td><td><a href="mailto:thejas@apache.org">thejas@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
<tr><td>Beng Chin Ooi</td><td><a href="mailto:ooibc@apache.org">ooibc@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
-<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>DePaul University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>Université Grenoble Alpes</td></tr>
<tr><td>Kian-Lee Tan</td><td><a href="mailto:tankianlee@apache.org">tankianlee@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Sheng Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangsh@apache.org">wangsh@apache.org</a></td><td>DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group</td></tr>
<tr><td>Wei Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangwei@apache.org">wangwei@apache.org</a></td><td>ByteDance</td></tr>
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
<tr><td>Chang Yao</td><td><a href="mailto:yaochang2009@gmail.com">yaochang2009@gmail.com</a></td><td>Hangzhou MZH Technologies</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 3/7/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 3/7/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/tensor.html b/content/docs/next/tensor.html
index 264e903..172dc94 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/tensor.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/tensor.html
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#use-tensor-to-train-mlp">use Tensor to train MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#use-tensor-to-train-mlp">use Tensor to train MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/tensor/index.html b/content/docs/next/tensor/index.html
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<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="cpp-api"></a><a href="#cpp-api" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>CPP API</h2>
<p><em>work in progress</em></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#use-tensor-to-train-mlp">use Tensor to train MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/device"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Device</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/autograd"><span>Autograd</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#tensor-usage">Tensor Usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#create-tensor">Create Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#convert-to-numpy">Convert to numpy</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-methods">Tensor Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-arithmetic-methods">Tensor Arithmetic Methods</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-functions">Tensor Functions</a></li><li><a href="#tensor-on-different-devices">Tensor on Different Devices</a></li><li><a href="#use-tensor-to-train-mlp">use Tensor to train MLP</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#tensor-implementation">Tensor Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#python-tensor">Python Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#c-tensor">C++ Tensor</a></li><li><a href="#exposing-c-apis-to-python">Exposing C++ APIs to Python</a></li><li><a href="#create-new-tensor-functions">Create New Tensor Functions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#python-api">Python API</a></li><li><a href="#cpp-api">CPP API</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/time-profiling.html b/content/docs/next/time-profiling.html
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<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
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</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/27/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/half-precision"><span>Half Precision</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#setup-the-time-profiling-verbosity">Setup the Time Profiling Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#example-outputs-for-different-verbosity">Example Outputs for Different Verbosity</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/27/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/half-precision"><span>Half Precision</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#setup-the-time-profiling-verbosity">Setup the Time Profiling Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#example-outputs-for-different-verbosity">Example Outputs for Different Verbosity</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/time-profiling/index.html b/content/docs/next/time-profiling/index.html
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@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
<span class="hljs-string">.</span>
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/27/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/half-precision"><span>Half Precision</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#setup-the-time-profiling-verbosity">Setup the Time Profiling Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#example-outputs-for-different-verbosity">Example Outputs for Different Verbosity</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/27/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/next/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/next/half-precision"><span>Half Precision</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#setup-the-time-profiling-verbosity">Setup the Time Profiling Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#example-outputs-for-different-verbosity">Example Outputs for Different Verbosity</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/wheel-cpu-dev.html b/content/docs/next/wheel-cpu-dev.html
index 37eba9b..218ecaf 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/wheel-cpu-dev.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/wheel-cpu-dev.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html b/content/docs/next/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html
index 37eba9b..218ecaf 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/wheel-cpu.html b/content/docs/next/wheel-cpu.html
index 303bf11..b56f630 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/wheel-cpu.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/wheel-cpu.html
@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@
)
});
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>next</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/next/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/next/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/wheel-cpu.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">CPU only</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="400"></a><a href="#400" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>4.0.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-4.0.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-4.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-4.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="330"></a><a href="#330" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.3.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.3.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
@@ -29,7 +35,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/26/2022</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#330">3.3.0</a></li><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/26/2022</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#400">4.0.0</a></li><li><a href="#330">3.3.0</a></li><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/next/wheel-cpu/index.html b/content/docs/next/wheel-cpu/index.html
index 303bf11..b56f630 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/wheel-cpu/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/wheel-cpu/index.html
@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@
)
});
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>next</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/next/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/next/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/wheel-cpu.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">CPU only</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="400"></a><a href="#400" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>4.0.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-4.0.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-4.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-4.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="330"></a><a href="#330" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.3.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.3.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
@@ -29,7 +35,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/26/2022</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#330">3.3.0</a></li><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/26/2022</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#400">4.0.0</a></li><li><a href="#330">3.3.0</a></li><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/wheel-gpu-dev.html b/content/docs/next/wheel-gpu-dev.html
index 793ed50..476fe11 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/wheel-gpu-dev.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/wheel-gpu-dev.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html b/content/docs/next/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
index 793ed50..476fe11 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 11/18/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/wheel-gpu.html b/content/docs/next/wheel-gpu.html
index 832b844..899bc08 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/wheel-gpu.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/wheel-gpu.html
@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@
)
});
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>next</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/next/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/next/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/wheel-gpu.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">CUDA enabled</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="400"></a><a href="#400" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>4.0.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-4.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-4.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-4.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="330"></a><a href="#330" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.3.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.3.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.6</a></li>
@@ -29,7 +35,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/26/2022</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#330">3.3.0</a></li><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/26/2022</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#400">4.0.0</a></li><li><a href="#330">3.3.0</a></li><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/docs/next/wheel-gpu/index.html b/content/docs/next/wheel-gpu/index.html
index 832b844..899bc08 100644
--- a/content/docs/next/wheel-gpu/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/next/wheel-gpu/index.html
@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@
)
});
</script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>next</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/next/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/next/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/wheel-gpu.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">CUDA enabled</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="400"></a><a href="#400" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>4.0.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-4.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-4.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-4.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="330"></a><a href="#330" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.3.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.3.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.6</a></li>
@@ -29,7 +35,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/26/2022</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#330">3.3.0</a></li><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sonnxmodel"></a><a href="#sonnxmodel" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SONNXModel</h3>
<p><code>SONNXModel</code> inherits from <code>sonnx.SONNXModel</code> and implements the method
<code>forward</code> to provide a unified API with other SINGA models.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/11/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li><li><a href="#sonnxmodel">SONNXModel</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/11/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li><li><a href="#sonnxmodel">SONNXModel</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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<h3><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="sonnxmodel"></a><a href="#sonnxmodel" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>SONNXModel</h3>
<p><code>SONNXModel</code> inherits from <code>sonnx.SONNXModel</code> and implements the method
<code>forward</code> to provide a unified API with other SINGA models.</p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/11/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li><li><a href="#sonnxmodel">SONNXModel</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 1/11/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/graph"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Model</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/dist-train"><span>Distributed Training</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#general-usage">General usage</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#loading-an-onnx-model-into-singa">Loading an ONNX Model into SINGA</a></li><li><a href="#inference-singa-model">Inference SINGA model</a></li><li><a href="#saving-singa-model-into-onnx-format">Saving SINGA model into ONNX Format</a></li><li><a href="#re-training-an-onnx-model">Re-training an ONNX model</a></li><li><a href="#transfer-learning-an-onnx-model">Transfer-learning an ONNX model</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#onnx-model-zoo">ONNX model zoo</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#image-classification">Image Classification</a></li><li><a href="#object-detection">Object Detection</a></li><li><a href="#face-analysis">Face Analysis</a></li><li><a href="#machine-comprehension">Machine Comprehension</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#supported-operators">Supported operators</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#special-comments-for-onnx-backend">Special comments for ONNX backend</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#implementation">Implementation</a><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#singafrontend">SingaFrontend</a></li><li><a href="#singabackend">SingaBackend</a></li><li><a href="#singarep">SingaRep</a></li><li><a href="#sonnxmodel">SONNXModel</a></li></ul></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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<span class="hljs-comment"># Training with one batch</span>
out, loss = model(tx, ty)
</code></pre>
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<span class="hljs-comment"># Training with one batch</span>
out, loss = model(tx, ty)
</code></pre>
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<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
learning models over large datasets. It is designed with an intuitive
programming model based on the layer abstraction. SINGA supports a wide variety
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-41">SINGA-41</a> Support single node
single GPU training</li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html b/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html
index 3adf667..eda0521 100644
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+++ b/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.1.0/index.html
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<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
learning models over large datasets. It is designed with an intuitive
programming model based on the layer abstraction. SINGA supports a wide variety
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
<li><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SINGA-41">SINGA-41</a> Support single node
single GPU training</li>
</ul>
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<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
learning models over large datasets. It is designed with an intuitive
programming model based on the layer abstraction. SINGA supports a wide variety
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-116] Fix a bug in InnerProductLayer caused by weight matrix sharing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
learning models over large datasets. It is designed with an intuitive
programming model based on the layer abstraction. SINGA supports a wide variety
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-116] Fix a bug in InnerProductLayer caused by weight matrix sharing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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index 5fd6dbe..78b5b80 100644
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<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
learning models over large datasets. It is designed with an intuitive
programming model based on the layer abstraction. SINGA supports a wide variety
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-143] The compilation cannot detect libsingagpu.so file</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
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<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
learning models over large datasets. It is designed with an intuitive
programming model based on the layer abstraction. SINGA supports a wide variety
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-143] The compilation cannot detect libsingagpu.so file</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html b/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0.html
index 497d60b..19e20fe 100644
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<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
learning models over large datasets. It is designed with an intuitive
programming model based on the layer abstraction. SINGA supports a wide variety
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-172] Add CMake supporting for Cuda and Cudnn libs</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html b/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.0.0/index.html
index 497d60b..19e20fe 100644
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<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
learning models over large datasets. It is designed with an intuitive
programming model based on the layer abstraction. SINGA supports a wide variety
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-172] Add CMake supporting for Cuda and Cudnn libs</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
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<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
learning models over large datasets.</p>
<p>This release includes following features:</p>
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
Python</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
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+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
learning models over large datasets.</p>
<p>This release includes following features:</p>
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
Python</li>
</ul></li>
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<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
learning models over large datasets.</p>
<p>This release includes following features:</p>
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-369] the errors of examples in testing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
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index 07c1660..1adf8fa 100644
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<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
learning models over large datasets.</p>
<p>This release includes following features:</p>
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-369] the errors of examples in testing</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html b/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html
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<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
learning models over large datasets.</p>
<p>This release includes following features:</p>
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-380] Fix bugs from Reshape</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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index 0b2681b..3ded26a 100644
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>singa-incubating-2.0.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="singa-incubating-2.0.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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<p>SINGA is a general distributed deep learning platform for training big deep
learning models over large datasets.</p>
<p>This release includes following features:</p>
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
<li>[SINGA-380] Fix bugs from Reshape</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
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index 064c2d2..aa6038f 100644
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Apache SINGA-3.0.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
<ul>
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/19/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/19/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html b/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html
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<p>Release Notes - SINGA - Version singa-3.0.0.rc1</p>
<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/9/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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<p>Release Notes - SINGA - Version singa-3.0.0.rc1</p>
<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
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diff --git a/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0/index.html b/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0/index.html
index 064c2d2..aa6038f 100644
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Apache SINGA-3.0.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
<ul>
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
<li>Define and implement the type conversion map.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/19/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/19/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html b/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html
index cbcc9b7..94f0ad3 100644
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<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
<ul>
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
gradient by param python object id for testing purpose.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/30/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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index cbcc9b7..94f0ad3 100644
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<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
<ul>
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
gradient by param python object id for testing purpose.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
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index 9256a70..2166131 100644
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@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
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<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
<ul>
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<li>Solve the warnings of deprecated functions in the distributed optimizer module.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 8/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 8/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1.html b/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1.html
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<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
<ul>
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<li>Solve the warnings of deprecated functions in the distributed optimizer module.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 8/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Apache SINGA-3.2.0.rc1 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Apache SINGA-3.2.0.rc1 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
<ul>
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<li>Solve the warnings of deprecated functions in the distributed optimizer module.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
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<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
<ul>
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<li>Solve the warnings of deprecated functions in the distributed optimizer module.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 8/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 8/16/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.3.0.html b/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.3.0.html
index 050f689..8401632 100644
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<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
<ul>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<li>Fix the model of pad from bytes to str.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/26/2022</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
<ul>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
<li>Fix the model of pad from bytes to str.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/26/2022</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 5/26/2022</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
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diff --git a/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_4.0.0.html b/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_4.0.0.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d88c976
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_4.0.0.html
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Apache SINGA-4.0.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Apache SINGA-4.0.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_4.0.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Apache SINGA-4.0.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
+<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Enhance distributed training</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Add support for configuration of number of GPUs to be used.</li>
+<li>Increase max epoch for better convergence.</li>
+<li>Print intermediate mini-batch information.</li>
+<li>Add support for switching between CPU and GPU devices.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Enhance example code</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Update the args of normalize forward function in the transforms of the BloodMnist example.</li>
+<li>Update the xceptionnet in the cnn example.</li>
+<li>Add arguments for weight decay, momentum and learning rates in the cnn example.</li>
+<li>Add training scripts for more datasets and model types in the cnn example.</li>
+<li>Add resnet dist version for the large dataset cnn example.</li>
+<li>Add cifar 10 multi process for the large dataset cnn example.</li>
+<li>Add sparsification implementation for mnist in the large dataset cnn example.</li>
+<li>Update the cifar datasets downloading to local directories.</li>
+<li>Extend the cifar datasets load function for customized directorires.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Enhance the webpage</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Update online documentation for distributed training.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Promote code quality</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Update inline comments for prepreocessing and data loading.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Update the PIL image module</p></li>
+<li><p>Update the runtime Dockerfile</p></li>
+<li><p>Update the conda files</p></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
+ if (e.target !== document.body) {
+ return;
+ }
+ // keyCode for '/' (slash)
+ if (e.keyCode === 191) {
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+ search && search.focus();
+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
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+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
+ algoliaOptions: {"facetFilters":["language:en","version:3.0.0"]}
+ });
+ </script></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_4.0.0/index.html b/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_4.0.0/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d88c976
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_4.0.0/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Apache SINGA-4.0.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Apache SINGA-4.0.0 Release Notes · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
+ addBackToTop(
+ {"zIndex":100}
+ )
+ });
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_4.0.0.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Apache SINGA-4.0.0 Release Notes</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<p>SINGA is a distributed deep learning library.</p>
+<p>This release includes following changes:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><p>Enhance distributed training</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Add support for configuration of number of GPUs to be used.</li>
+<li>Increase max epoch for better convergence.</li>
+<li>Print intermediate mini-batch information.</li>
+<li>Add support for switching between CPU and GPU devices.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Enhance example code</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Update the args of normalize forward function in the transforms of the BloodMnist example.</li>
+<li>Update the xceptionnet in the cnn example.</li>
+<li>Add arguments for weight decay, momentum and learning rates in the cnn example.</li>
+<li>Add training scripts for more datasets and model types in the cnn example.</li>
+<li>Add resnet dist version for the large dataset cnn example.</li>
+<li>Add cifar 10 multi process for the large dataset cnn example.</li>
+<li>Add sparsification implementation for mnist in the large dataset cnn example.</li>
+<li>Update the cifar datasets downloading to local directories.</li>
+<li>Extend the cifar datasets load function for customized directorires.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Enhance the webpage</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Update online documentation for distributed training.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Promote code quality</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Update inline comments for prepreocessing and data loading.</li>
+</ul></li>
+<li><p>Update the PIL image module</p></li>
+<li><p>Update the runtime Dockerfile</p></li>
+<li><p>Update the conda files</p></li>
+</ul>
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
+ The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
+ Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
+ the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
+ Apache Software Foundation. All other marks mentioned
+ may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their
+ respective owners.</section></div></footer></div><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.js"></script><script>window.twttr=(function(d,s, id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],t=window.twttr||{};if(d.getElementById(id))return t;js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src='https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);t._e = [];t.ready = function(f) {t._e.push(f);};return t;}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs'));</script><script>
+ document.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
+ if (e.target !== document.body) {
+ return;
+ }
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+ if (e.keyCode === 191) {
+ const search = document.getElementById('search_input_react');
+ search && search.focus();
+ }
+ });
+ </script><script>
+ var search = docsearch({
+
+ apiKey: '45202133606c0b5fa6d21cddc4725dd8',
+ indexName: 'apache_singa',
+ inputSelector: '#search_input_react',
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diff --git a/content/docs/security.html b/content/docs/security.html
index 40f5778..fb795d9 100644
--- a/content/docs/security.html
+++ b/content/docs/security.html
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Security · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Security · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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- </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Community</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Community</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/source-repository">Source Repository</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/mail-lists">Project Mailing Lists</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/issue-tracking">Issue Tracking</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/security">Security</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/team-list">The SINGA Team</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/history-singa">History of SINGA</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive"><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Community</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Community</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/source-repository">Source Repository</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/mail-lists">Project Mailing Lists</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/issue-tracking">Issue Tracking</a></li><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/security">Security</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/team-list">The SINGA Team</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/history-singa">History of SINGA</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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</script></nav></div><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/security.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">Security</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
<p>Users can report security vulnerabilities to
<a href="mailto:security@singa.apache.org">SINGA Security Team Mail List</a></p>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/issue-tracking"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Issue Tracking</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/team-list"><span>The SINGA Team</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/security/index.html b/content/docs/security/index.html
index 40f5778..fb795d9 100644
--- a/content/docs/security/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/security/index.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
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<li>SingaBackend for loading onnx format model into SINGA for training and
inference.</li>
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diff --git a/content/docs/source-repository.html b/content/docs/source-repository.html
index f7e6d8b..b32e911 100644
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>Source Repository · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="Source Repository · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class="siteNavGroupActive siteNavItemActive"><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="docsNavContainer" id="docsNav"><nav class="toc"><div class="toggleNav"><section class="navWrapper wrapper"><div class="navBreadcrumb wrapper"><div class="navToggle" id="navToggler"><div class="hamburger-menu"><div class="line1"></div><div class="line2"></div><div class="line3"></div></div></div><h2><i>›</i><span>Community</span></h2><div class="tocToggler" id="tocToggler"><i class="icon-toc"></i></div></div><div class="navGroups"><div class="navGroup"><h3 class="navGroupCategoryTitle">Community</h3><ul class=""><li class="navListItem navListItemActive"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/source-repository">Source Repository</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/mail-lists">Project Mailing Lists</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/issue-tracking">Issue Tracking</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/security">Security</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/team-list">The SINGA Team</a></li><li class="navListItem"><a class="navItem" href="/docs/history-singa">History of SINGA</a></li></ul></div></div></section></div><script>
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@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
<p>The code can be cloned from either repo, e.g.,</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/source-repository/index.html b/content/docs/source-repository/index.html
index f7e6d8b..b32e911 100644
--- a/content/docs/source-repository/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/source-repository/index.html
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<p>The code can be cloned from either repo, e.g.,</p>
<pre><code class="hljs">git clone https://github.com/apache/singa.git
</code></pre>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/mail-lists"><span>Project Mailing Lists</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#repository">Repository</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/team-list.html b/content/docs/team-list.html
index 84d0c60..9b69d57 100644
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+++ b/content/docs/team-list.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>The SINGA Team · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="The SINGA Team · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
<tr><td>Zhaojing Luo</td><td><a href="mailto:zhaojing@apache.org">zhaojing@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Thejas Nair</td><td><a href="mailto:thejas@apache.org">thejas@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
<tr><td>Beng Chin Ooi</td><td><a href="mailto:ooibc@apache.org">ooibc@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
-<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>DePaul University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>Université Grenoble Alpes</td></tr>
<tr><td>Kian-Lee Tan</td><td><a href="mailto:tankianlee@apache.org">tankianlee@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Sheng Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangsh@apache.org">wangsh@apache.org</a></td><td>DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group</td></tr>
<tr><td>Wei Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangwei@apache.org">wangwei@apache.org</a></td><td>ByteDance</td></tr>
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
<tr><td>Chang Yao</td><td><a href="mailto:yaochang2009@gmail.com">yaochang2009@gmail.com</a></td><td>Hangzhou MZH Technologies</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 3/7/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 3/7/2021</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/security"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Security</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/history-singa"><span>History of SINGA</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#pmc">PMC</a></li><li><a href="#committers">Committers</a></li><li><a href="#contributors">Contributors</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/team-list/index.html b/content/docs/team-list/index.html
index 84d0c60..9b69d57 100644
--- a/content/docs/team-list/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/team-list/index.html
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>The SINGA Team · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="3.3.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="The SINGA Team · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>The SINGA Team · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="The SINGA Team · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
<tr><td>Zhaojing Luo</td><td><a href="mailto:zhaojing@apache.org">zhaojing@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Thejas Nair</td><td><a href="mailto:thejas@apache.org">thejas@apache.org</a></td><td>Apache Software Foundation</td></tr>
<tr><td>Beng Chin Ooi</td><td><a href="mailto:ooibc@apache.org">ooibc@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
-<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>DePaul University</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Moaz Reyad</td><td><a href="mailto:moaz@apache.org">moaz@apache.org</a></td><td>Université Grenoble Alpes</td></tr>
<tr><td>Kian-Lee Tan</td><td><a href="mailto:tankianlee@apache.org">tankianlee@apache.org</a></td><td>National University of Singapore</td></tr>
<tr><td>Sheng Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangsh@apache.org">wangsh@apache.org</a></td><td>DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group</td></tr>
<tr><td>Wei Wang</td><td><a href="mailto:wangwei@apache.org">wangwei@apache.org</a></td><td>ByteDance</td></tr>
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
<tr><td>Chang Yao</td><td><a href="mailto:yaochang2009@gmail.com">yaochang2009@gmail.com</a></td><td>Hangzhou MZH Technologies</td></tr>
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-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 9/27/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"><a class="docs-prev button" href="/docs/dist-train"><span class="arrow-prev">← </span><span>Distributed Training</span></a><a class="docs-next button" href="/docs/half-precision"><span>Half Precision</span><span class="arrow-next"> →</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#setup-the-time-profiling-verbosity">Setup the Time Profiling Verbosity</a></li><li><a href="#example-outputs-for-different-verbosity">Example Outputs for Different Verbosity</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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<ul>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
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diff --git a/content/docs/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html b/content/docs/wheel-cpu-dev/index.html
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<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="300dev200720"></a><a href="#300dev200720" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.0.0.dev200720</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 4/2/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#300dev200720">3.0.0.dev200720</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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diff --git a/content/docs/wheel-cpu.html b/content/docs/wheel-cpu.html
index 76299aa..8ad7aff 100644
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+++ b/content/docs/wheel-cpu.html
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>CPU only · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="CPU only · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/wheel-cpu.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">CPU only</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="400"></a><a href="#400" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>4.0.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-4.0.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-4.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-4.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="330"></a><a href="#330" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.3.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.3.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
@@ -29,7 +35,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#330">3.3.0</a></li><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#400">4.0.0</a></li><li><a href="#330">3.3.0</a></li><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/wheel-cpu/index.html b/content/docs/wheel-cpu/index.html
index 76299aa..8ad7aff 100644
--- a/content/docs/wheel-cpu/index.html
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@@ -1,10 +1,16 @@
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>CPU only · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="CPU only · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/wheel-cpu.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">CPU only</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="400"></a><a href="#400" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>4.0.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-4.0.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-4.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-4.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="330"></a><a href="#330" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.3.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.3.0-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.6</a></li>
@@ -29,7 +35,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#330">3.3.0</a></li><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></article></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#400">4.0.0</a></li><li><a href="#330">3.3.0</a></li><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
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diff --git a/content/docs/wheel-gpu-dev.html b/content/docs/wheel-gpu-dev.html
index aabb94e..e63b204 100644
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+++ b/content/docs/wheel-gpu-dev.html
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<ul>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.6</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
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diff --git a/content/docs/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html b/content/docs/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
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--- a/content/docs/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
+++ b/content/docs/wheel-gpu-dev/index.html
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<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="300dev200720"></a><a href="#300dev200720" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.0.0.dev200720</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.6</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0.dev200720%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
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diff --git a/content/docs/wheel-gpu.html b/content/docs/wheel-gpu.html
index 260e743..fd9e418 100644
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+<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/><title>CUDA enabled · Apache SINGA</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus"/><meta name="description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta name="docsearch:version" content="4.0.0"/><meta name="docsearch:language" content="en"/><meta property="og:title" content="CUDA enabled · Apache SINGA"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://singa.apache.org/"/><meta property="og:description" content="<!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://singa.apache.org/img/singa_twitter_banner.jpeg"/><link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/docsearch.js/1/docsearch.min.css"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/highlight.js/9.12.0/styles/atom-one-dark.min.css"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/atom.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog ATOM Feed"/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://singa.apache.org/blog/feed.xml" title="Apache SINGA Blog RSS Feed"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Source+Sans+Pro:400,400i,700"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baloo+Paaji+2&family=Source+Sans+Pro:wght@200;300&display=swap"/><script type="text/javascript" src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script><script src="https://unpkg.com/vanilla-back-to-top@7.1.14/dist/vanilla-back-to-top.min.js"></script><script>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/wheel-gpu.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">CUDA enabled</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="400"></a><a href="#400" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>4.0.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-4.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-4.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-4.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="330"></a><a href="#330" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.3.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.3.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.6</a></li>
@@ -29,7 +35,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body class="sideNavVisible separateOnPageNav"><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer docsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><a class="edit-page-link button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/blob/master/docs-site/docs/wheel-gpu.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edit</a><h1 id="__docusaurus" class="postHeaderTitle">CUDA enabled</h1></header><article><div><span><!--- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. -->
+<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="400"></a><a href="#400" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>4.0.0</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-4.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.6</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-4.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
+<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-4.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
+</ul>
<h2><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" id="330"></a><a href="#330" aria-hidden="true" class="hash-link"><svg class="hash-link-icon" aria-hidden="true" height="16" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 9h1v1H4c-1.5 0-3-1.69-3-3.5S2.55 3 4 3h4c1.45 0 3 1.69 3 3.5 0 1.41-.91 2.72-2 3.25V8.59c.58-.45 1-1.27 1-2.09C10 5.22 8.98 4 8 4H4c-.98 0-2 1.22-2 2.5S3 9 4 9zm9-3h-1v1h1c1 0 2 1.22 2 2.5S13.98 12 13 12H9c-.98 0-2-1.22-2-2.5 0-.83.42-1.64 1-2.09V6.25c-1.09.53-2 1.84-2 3.25C6 11.31 7.55 13 9 13h4c1.45 0 3-1.69 3-3.5S14.5 6 13 6z"></path></svg></a>3.3.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.3.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp36-cp36m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.6</a></li>
@@ -29,7 +35,7 @@
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp37-cp37m-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.7</a></li>
<li><a href="https://singa-wheel.s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/singa-3.0.0%2Bcuda10.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux2014_x86_64.whl">CUDA10.2, cuDNN 7.6.5, Python 3.8</a></li>
</ul>
-</span></div></article></div><div class="docLastUpdate"><em>Last updated on 10/21/2020</em></div><div class="docs-prevnext"></div></div></div><nav class="onPageNav"><ul class="toc-headings"><li><a href="#330">3.3.0</a></li><li><a href="#320">3.2.0</a></li><li><a href="#310">3.1.0</a></li><li><a href="#300">3.0.0</a></li></ul></nav></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
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index 0b5bbdb..9fbb2a2 100644
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index 34380c0..30c9763 100644
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index 34380c0..30c9763 100644
--- a/content/en/help/index.html
+++ b/content/en/help/index.html
@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@
{"zIndex":100}
)
});
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diff --git a/content/en/index.html b/content/en/index.html
index bbb22e0..80e2f93 100644
--- a/content/en/index.html
+++ b/content/en/index.html
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
{"zIndex":100}
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});
- </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div><div class="index-hero"><img style="display:none" src="/img/sg-botanic-coleen-rivas-unsplash.jpg" alt="increase priority"/><div class="index-hero-inner"><img alt="SINGA-hero-banner" class="index-hero-logo" src="/img/singa.png"/><h1 class="index-hero-project-tagline">A Distributed Deep Learning Library</h1><div class="index-ctas"><a class="button index-ctas-get-started-button" href="/docs/en/installation">Get Started</a><span class="index-ctas-github-button"><iframe src="https://ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=apache&repo=singa&type=star&count=true&size=large" frameBorder="0" scrolling="0" width="160" height="30" title="GitHub Stars"></iframe></span></div></div></div><div class="announcement"><div class="announcement-inner">Apache SINGA is an <a href="https://blogs.apache.org/foundation/entry/the-apache-software-foundation-announces57">Apache Top Level Project</a>, focusing on distributed training of deep learning and machine learning models</div></div><div class="mainPageContainer"><div class="container paddingBottom paddingTop"><div class="wrapper"><div style="font-weight:bold;text-align:left;font-size:35px;padding-bottom:10px">Features</div><div class="container-2"><div class="container-2-box"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="icon" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-width="2" d="M19,13.5 L19,17.5 L12,22 L5,17.5 L5,13.5 M12,22 L12,13.5 M18.5,8.5 L12,4.5 L15.5,2 L22,6 L18.5,8.5 L18.5,8.5 L18.5,8.5 Z M5.5,8.5 L12,4.5 L8.5,2 L2,6 L5.5,8.5 L5.5,8.5 L5.5,8.5 Z M18.5,9 L12,13 L15.5,15.5 L22,11.5 L18.5,9 L18.5,9 L18.5,9 Z M5.5,9 L12,13 L8.5,15.5 L2,11.5 L5.5,9 L5.5,9 Z"></path></svg><h2>Easy installation</h2><p><div><span><p>Easy installation using <a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#using-conda">Conda</a>, <a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#using-pip">Pip</a>, <a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#using-docker">Docker</a> and <a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#from-source">from Source</a></p>
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div><div class="index-hero"><img style="display:none" src="/img/sg-botanic-coleen-rivas-unsplash.jpg" alt="increase priority"/><div class="index-hero-inner"><img alt="SINGA-hero-banner" class="index-hero-logo" src="/img/singa.png"/><h1 class="index-hero-project-tagline">A Distributed Deep Learning Library</h1><div class="index-ctas"><a class="button index-ctas-get-started-button" href="/docs/en/installation">Get Started</a><span class="index-ctas-github-button"><iframe src="https://ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=apache&repo=singa&type=star&count=true&size=large" frameBorder="0" scrolling="0" width="160" height="30" title="GitHub Stars"></iframe></span></div></div></div><div class="announcement"><div class="announcement-inner">Apache SINGA is an <a href="https://blogs.apache.org/foundation/entry/the-apache-software-foundation-announces57">Apache Top Level Project</a>, focusing on distributed training of deep learning and machine learning models</div></div><div class="mainPageContainer"><div class="container paddingBottom paddingTop"><div class="wrapper"><div style="font-weight:bold;text-align:left;font-size:35px;padding-bottom:10px">Features</div><div class="container-2"><div class="container-2-box"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="icon" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-width="2" d="M19,13.5 L19,17.5 L12,22 L5,17.5 L5,13.5 M12,22 L12,13.5 M18.5,8.5 L12,4.5 L15.5,2 L22,6 L18.5,8.5 L18.5,8.5 L18.5,8.5 Z M5.5,8.5 L12,4.5 L8.5,2 L2,6 L5.5,8.5 L5.5,8.5 L5.5,8.5 Z M18.5,9 L12,13 L15.5,15.5 L22,11.5 L18.5,9 L18.5,9 L18.5,9 Z M5.5,9 L12,13 L8.5,15.5 L2,11.5 L5.5,9 L5.5,9 Z"></path></svg><h2>Easy installation</h2><p><div><span><p>Easy installation using <a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#using-conda">Conda</a>, <a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#using-pip">Pip</a>, <a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#using-docker">Docker</a> and <a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#from-source">from Source</a></p>
</span></div></p></div><div class="container-2-box"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M256 16c-7.5 0-12.8 3.96-16 8.88-2.7 4.42-3.8 9.56-4.1 14.12-8.4 4.2-17.8 8.41-25.3 12.71-5.9 3.61-14.4 8.59-14.6 15.49.6 5.31 7.8 7.24 11.7 8.47 4.3 1.26 9.1 2.19 13.3 2.6-4.2 7.16-9.7 13.71-14.6 19.98-5.5 7.25-10.4 14.25-10.4 21.95.1 3.3.5 6.6 4.2 6.8 10.8.3 22.4.1 33.6.1 4.9.5 7.3-1.7 9.3-5.7 2.7-5.8 6.9-14.2 12.9-20.6 5.8 6.4 9.6 13 13.1 20.5v.1c2 4.5 4.8 5.7 9.1 5.7l33.7-.1c3.6-.3 4.1-3.6 4.1-6.8 0-7.7-4.8-14.7-10.4-21.95-4.8-6.27-10.4-12.82-14.5-19.98 4.1-.41 8.9-1.34 13.2-2.6 4-1.56 11.6-3.5 11.7-8.47-1-7.92-8.9-12.21-14.5-15.49-7.6-4.3-16.9-8.51-25.4-12.71-.2-4.56-1.4-9.7-4.1-14.12-3.2-4.92-8.5-8.88-16-8.88zm138.4 92.1c-1.7 0-3.4.3-4.9 1.1-4.3 3.2-2.4 10.4-1.5 14.4 1.1 4.3 2.7 8.9 4.4 12.8-8.3-.1-16.7-1.6-24.6-2.7-9-1.1-17.5-1.9-24.2 2-2.8 1.7-5.4 3.7-3.8 7 5.2 9.5 11.2 19.5 16.8 29.2 2 4.5 5.1 5.4 9.5 5.2 6.4-.6 15.8-1.1 24.3.8-2.6 8.3-6.4 14.9-11.2 21.6l-.1.1c-2.8 4-2.5 7-.3 10.7l16.9 29.2c2.1 2.9 5.2 1.7 7.9.1 6.7-3.8 10.4-11.5 13.8-20 3.1-7.3 5.9-15.4 10.1-22.5 2.4 3.3 5.6 7 8.8 10.1 3.4 2.7 8.9 8.3 13.2 5.9 6.4-4.8 6.1-13.8 6.2-20.3-.1-8.7-1.1-18.9-1.7-28.3 3.8-2.5 7.7-6.1 10.2-10.6 2.6-5.3 3.4-11.8-.3-18.3-3.8-6.5-9.9-9.1-15.7-9.5-5.2-.1-10.2 1.5-14.3 3.6-7.9-5.2-16.2-11.3-23.7-15.6-4.6-2.5-10.5-5.9-15.8-6zm-277 .7c-5.5.2-10.8 3.5-15.1 5.9-7.57 4.4-15.82 10.4-23.78 15.6-4.07-2.1-9.01-3.6-14.22-3.5-5.89.4-11.95 2.9-15.79 9.5-3.74 6.3-2.93 12.9-.4 18.1 2.48 4.7 6.4 8.1 10.33 10.7-.63 9.3-1.8 19.7-1.75 28.2.16 7 .17 16.8 6.16 20.4 4.92 2.2 10.21-3.1 13.22-5.9 3.17-3.1 6.36-6.8 8.89-10.2 4.06 7.3 6.96 15.3 9.96 22.7 3.54 8.3 7.08 16.1 13.78 19.9 2.8 1.7 5.9 2.8 8.1-.1 5.6-9.4 11.4-19.6 17-29.3 2.8-3.9 2-7.1-.4-10.8-3.8-5.2-8.8-13.1-11.4-21.4 8.5-1.9 16.1-1.9 24.3-1.1h.1c5 .4 7.3-1.3 9.4-5.1l16.9-29.2c1.4-3.2-1.2-5.3-3.8-6.8-6.8-4-15.3-3.3-24.3-2-7.8 1-16.3 2.6-24.6 2.5 1.8-3.7 3.4-8.3 4.4-12.6.7-4.3 2.7-11.9-1.4-14.4-1.9-.8-3.8-1.1-5.6-1.1zm281.8 160.9c-1.2 0-2.3.5-3.2 1.8-5.6 9.3-11.3 19.5-16.9 29.2-2.9 3.9-2.1 7.1.3 10.8 3.7 5.2 8.8 13.1 11.4 21.4-8.4 1.9-16.1 1.9-24.3 1.1h-.1c-4.9-.4-7.3 1.3-9.4 5.1l-16.8 29.2c-1.5 3.3 1.1 5.4 3.8 6.9 6.7 3.9 15.2 3.3 24.2 2 7.9-1 16.3-2.6 24.6-2.5-1.7 3.7-3.3 8.3-4.4 12.6-.6 4.3-2.7 11.9 1.5 14.4 7.4 3.2 15-1.6 20.7-4.8 7.5-4.4 15.8-10.4 23.7-15.6 4 2.1 9.1 3.6 14.2 3.5 5.9-.4 12-2.9 15.7-9.4 3.8-6.5 3-13.1.4-18.3-2.5-4.6-6.4-8.1-10.3-10.6.6-9.4 1.7-19.7 1.7-28.3-.2-7-.2-16.8-6.1-20.4-4.9-2.1-10.2 3.1-13.2 5.9-3.2 3.1-6.4 6.8-8.9 10.2-4.1-7.2-7-15.2-10-22.6-3.5-8.4-7.1-16.1-13.8-20-1.6-.9-3.3-1.7-4.8-1.6zm-285.3.7c-1.5 0-3.2.8-4.7 1.6-6.8 3.9-10.41 11.6-13.85 20-3.05 7.3-5.88 15.4-10.07 22.6-2.4-3.4-5.57-7.1-8.71-10.1-3.44-2.8-8.97-8.3-13.27-6-6.42 4.9-6.11 13.8-6.17 20.3.1 8.8 1.09 18.9 1.62 28.4-3.8 2.5-7.62 6-10.08 10.6-2.59 5.3-3.46 11.8.29 18.3 3.62 6.4 9.73 9 15.49 9.4 5.3.2 10.21-1.5 14.43-3.6 7.75 5.2 16.14 11.4 23.52 15.6 6.2 3.4 14.7 8.3 20.8 4.9 4.3-3.2 2.4-10.4 1.5-14.4-1.1-4.3-2.7-8.9-4.4-12.8 8.3.1 16.7 1.6 24.6 2.7 9 1.1 17.5 1.9 24.2-2 2.8-1.6 5.3-3.7 3.9-7-5.3-9.5-11.3-19.6-16.9-29.3-1.9-4.4-5.1-5.3-9.5-5.1-6.4.7-15.7 1.1-24.2-.8 2.5-8.3 6.4-14.9 11.2-21.6v-.1c2.8-4.1 2.5-6.9.3-10.7L117 272.1c-.9-1.2-2-1.7-3.1-1.7zm163.2 114.1c-3.7.1-5.8 2.3-7.5 5.8-2.6 5.8-6.9 14.1-12.8 20.5-5.9-6.3-9.7-13-13.1-20.5h-.1c-2.1-4.5-4.7-5.7-9.1-5.6h-33.7c-3.5.3-4 3.6-4 6.7 0 7.8 4.8 14.8 10.4 22 4.8 6.3 10.4 12.8 14.5 20-4.1.4-8.9 1.3-13.1 2.5-4.1 1.6-11.7 3.6-11.8 8.5 1 8 8.9 12.2 14.5 15.5 7.6 4.3 16.9 8.5 25.4 12.8.2 4.5 1.4 9.6 4.1 14 3.3 4.9 8.5 8.9 16 8.9 7.4.1 12.7-3.9 15.9-8.7 2.8-4.5 3.8-9.6 4.1-14.3 8.4-4.1 17.9-8.3 25.3-12.6 6-3.7 14.5-8.6 14.6-15.5-.6-5.3-7.8-7.3-11.7-8.5-4.3-1.2-9.1-2.2-13.3-2.6 4.2-7.2 9.7-13.7 14.6-20 5.5-7.2 10.4-14.2 10.4-21.9 0-3.3-.5-6.5-4.1-6.9-10.9-.2-22.6 0-33.8 0-.6-.1-1.2-.1-1.7-.1z"></path></svg><h2>Model zoo</h2><p><div><span><p>Various example deep learning models are provided in SINGA repo on <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/tree/master/examples">Github</a> and on <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/">Google Colab</a></p>
</span></div></p></div><div class="container-2-box"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="icon" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 1.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h13a.5.5 0 0 0 0-1h-13a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5zm0 13a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h13a.5.5 0 0 0 0-1h-13a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5z"></path><path d="M2 7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H3a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V7z"></path></svg><h2>Distributed training</h2><p><div><span><p>SINGA supports data parallel training across multiple GPUs (on a single node or across different nodes)</p>
</span></div></p></div><div class="container-2-box"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="icon" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M400 0H48C22.4 0 0 22.4 0 48v416c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h352c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V48c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zM128 435.2c0 6.4-6.4 12.8-12.8 12.8H76.8c-6.4 0-12.8-6.4-12.8-12.8v-38.4c0-6.4 6.4-12.8 12.8-12.8h38.4c6.4 0 12.8 6.4 12.8 12.8v38.4zm0-128c0 6.4-6.4 12.8-12.8 12.8H76.8c-6.4 0-12.8-6.4-12.8-12.8v-38.4c0-6.4 6.4-12.8 12.8-12.8h38.4c6.4 0 12.8 6.4 12.8 12.8v38.4zm128 128c0 6.4-6.4 12.8-12.8 12.8h-38.4c-6.4 0-12.8-6.4-12.8-12.8v-38.4c0-6.4 6.4-12.8 12.8-12.8h38.4c6.4 0 12.8 6.4 12.8 12.8v38.4zm0-128c0 6.4-6.4 12.8-12.8 12.8h-38.4c-6.4 0-12.8-6.4-12.8-12.8v-38.4c0-6.4 6.4-12.8 12.8-12.8h38.4c6.4 0 12.8 6.4 12.8 12.8v38.4zm128 128c0 6.4-6.4 12.8-12.8 12.8h-38.4c-6.4 0-12.8-6.4-12.8-12.8V268.8c0-6.4 6.4-12.8 12.8-12.8h38.4c6.4 0 12.8 6.4 12.8 12.8v166.4zm0-256c0 6.4-6.4 12.8-12.8 12.8H76.8c-6.4 0-12.8-6.4-12.8-12.8V76.8C64 70.4 70.4 64 76.8 64h294.4c6.4 0 12.8 6.4 12.8 12.8v102.4z"></path></svg><h2>Automatic gradient calculation</h2><p><div><span><p>SINGA records the <a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/graph/">computation graph</a> and applies the backward propagation automatically after forward propagation</p>
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
</span></div></p></div><div class="container-2-box"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="icon" style="font-size:30px" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M4.99255 11.0159C4.44027 11.0159 3.99255 10.5682 3.99255 10.0159C3.99255 9.6585 4.18004 9.3449 4.46202 9.16807L7.14964 6.48045C7.54016 6.08993 8.17333 6.08993 8.56385 6.48045C8.95438 6.87098 8.95438 7.50414 8.56385 7.89467L7.44263 9.0159L14.9926 9.01589C15.5448 9.01589 15.9926 9.46361 15.9926 10.0159C15.9926 10.5682 15.5448 11.0159 14.9926 11.0159L5.042 11.0159C5.03288 11.016 5.02376 11.016 5.01464 11.0159H4.99255Z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M19.0074 12.9841C19.5597 12.9841 20.0074 13.4318 20.0074 13.9841C20.0074 14.3415 19.82 14.6551 19.538 14.8319L16.8504 17.5195C16.4598 17.9101 15.8267 17.9101 15.4361 17.5195C15.0456 17.129 15.0456 16.4958 15.4361 16.1053L16.5574 14.9841H9.00745C8.45516 14.9841 8.00745 14.5364 8.00745 13.9841C8.00745 13.4318 8.45516 12.9841 9.00745 12.9841L18.958 12.9841C18.9671 12.984 18.9762 12.984 18.9854 12.9841H19.0074Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><h2>Interoperability</h2><p><div><span><p>SINGA supports loading <a href="https://onnx.ai/">ONNX</a> format models and saving models defined using SINGA APIs into ONNX format, which enables AI developers to use models across different libraries and tools</p>
</span></div></p></div><div class="container-2-box"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="icon" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10.293 11.707l-3.293-3.293v-4.414h2v3.586l2.707 2.707zM8 0c-4.418 0-8 3.582-8 8s3.582 8 8 8 8-3.582 8-8-3.582-8-8-8zM8 14c-3.314 0-6-2.686-6-6s2.686-6 6-6c3.314 0 6 2.686 6 6s-2.686 6-6 6z"></path></svg><h2>Time profiling</h2><p><div><span><p>SINGA supports the time profiling of each of the operators buffered in the graph</p>
</span></div></p></div><div class="container-2-box"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="icon" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M7.779.052a.5.5 0 0 1 .442 0l6.015 2.97a.5.5 0 0 1 .267.34l1.485 6.676a.5.5 0 0 1-.093.415l-4.162 5.354a.5.5 0 0 1-.395.193H4.662a.5.5 0 0 1-.395-.193L.105 10.453a.5.5 0 0 1-.093-.415l1.485-6.676a.5.5 0 0 1 .267-.34L7.779.053zM8 15h3.093l3.868-4.975-1.383-6.212L8 1.058V15z"></path></svg><h2>Half precision</h2><p><div><span><p>Half precision is supported to bring benefits, e.g., less GPU memory, supporting larger networks and faster training, etc</p>
-</span></div></p></div></div></div></div><div class="container lightBackground paddingBottom paddingTop"><div class="wrapper"><p style="text-align:center;font-size:24px;font-weight:bold">SINGA has a well architected software stack and easy-to-use Python interface to improve usability</p><img style="width:35%" class="containerImg" src="/img/singav3-sw.png" alt="Usability"/></div></div><div class="container paddingBottom paddingTop"><div class="wrapper"><p style="text-align:center;font-size:24px;font-weight:bold">SINGA parallelizes the training and optimizes the communication cost to improve training scalability</p><img style="width:27%" class="containerImg" src="/img/benchmark.png" alt="Scalability"/></div></div><div class="container lightBackground paddingBottom paddingTop"><div class="wrapper"><p style="text-align:center;font-size:24px;font-weight:bold">SINGA builds a computational graph to optimize the training speed and memory footprint</p><img style="width:37%" class="containerImg" src="/img/GraphOfMLP.png" alt="Efficiency"/></div></div><div class="container paddingBottom paddingTop"><div class="wrapper"><div style="font-weight:bold;text-align:left;font-size:30px;padding-bottom:40px">Install SINGA</div><div class="container-3"><button class="container-3-button"><a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#using-pip">Using Pip<span style="float:right"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 16 16" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M.5 9.9a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v2.5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h12a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 1 0v2.5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5z"></path><path d="M7.646 11.854a.5.5 0 0 0 .708 0l3-3a.5.5 0 0 0-.708-.708L8.5 10.293V1.5a.5.5 0 0 0-1 0v8.793L5.354 8.146a.5.5 0 1 0-.708.708l3 3z"></path></svg></span></a></button><button class="container-3-button"><a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#using-docker">Using Docker<span style="float:right"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 16 16" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M.5 9.9a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v2.5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h12a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 1 0v2.5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5z"></path><path d="M7.646 11.854a.5.5 0 0 0 .708 0l3-3a.5.5 0 0 0-.708-.708L8.5 10.293V1.5a.5.5 0 0 0-1 0v8.793L5.354 8.146a.5.5 0 1 0-.708.708l3 3z"></path></svg></span></a></button><button class="container-3-button"><a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#from-source">From Source<span style="float:right"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 16 16" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M.5 9.9a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v2.5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h12a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 1 0v2.5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5z"></path><path d="M7.646 11.854a.5.5 0 0 0 .708 0l3-3a.5.5 0 0 0-.708-.708L8.5 10.293V1.5a.5.5 0 0 0-1 0v8.793L5.354 8.146a.5.5 0 1 0-.708.708l3 3z"></path></svg></span></a></button></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="wrapper"><div class="productShowcaseSection paddingBottom"><h2 style="color:#904600">Users of Apache SINGA</h2><p>Apache SINGA powers the following organizations and companies...</p><div class="showcase"><a class="link" href="http://tech.163.com/17/0602/17/CLUL016I00098GJ5.html"><img src="/img/users/NetEase.jpg" alt="NetEase" title="NetEase"/><span class="caption">NetEase</span></a><a class="link" href="https://www.nuh.com.sg/Pages/Home.aspx"><img src="/img/users/nuhlogo.jpg" alt="NUH SG" title="NUH SG"/><span class="caption">NUH SG</span></a><a class="link" href="https://www.sgh.com.sg/"><img src="/img/users/sgh.png" alt="SGH SG" title="SGH SG"/><span class="caption">SGH SG</span></a><a class="link" href="https://www.ttsh.com.sg/Pages/default.aspx"><img src="/img/users/TTSH_Logo.gif" alt="TTSH SG" title="TTSH SG"/><span class="caption">TTSH SG</span></a><a class="link" href="https://www.juronghealthcampus.com.sg/"><img src="/img/users/juronghealth.png" alt="JurongHealth SG" title="JurongHealth SG"/><span class="caption">JurongHealth SG</span></a><a class="link" href="http://www.yzbigdata.com/"><img src="/img/users/yzBigData.png" alt="yzBigData" title="yzBigData"/><span class="caption">yzBigData</span></a><a class="link" href="https://shentilium.com/"><img src="/img/users/shentilium.png" alt="Shentilium" title="Shentilium"/><span class="caption">Shentilium</span></a><a class="link" href="http://www.foodlg.com/"><img src="/img/users/foodlg.png" alt="Foodlg" title="Foodlg"/><span class="caption">Foodlg</span></a><a class="link" href="https://medilot.com/technologies"><img src="/img/users/medilot.svg" alt="Medilot" title="Medilot"/><span class="caption">Medilot</span></a><a class="link" href="http://www.mzhtechnologies.com/index.html"><img src="/img/users/mzhtech.png" alt="MZH Tech" title="MZH Tech"/><span class="caption">MZH Tech</span></a><a class="link" href="https://www.secureage.com/"><img src="/img/users/SecureAge_Logo.png" alt="Secureage Technology" title="Secureage Technology"/><span class="caption">Secureage Technology</span></a></div><div class="more-users"><a class="button" href="/en/users">All Apache SINGA Users</a></div></div></div></div></div></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA 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+</span></div></p></div></div></div></div><div class="container lightBackground paddingBottom paddingTop"><div class="wrapper"><p style="text-align:center;font-size:24px;font-weight:bold">SINGA has a well architected software stack and easy-to-use Python interface to improve usability</p><img style="width:35%" class="containerImg" src="/img/singav3-sw.png" alt="Usability"/></div></div><div class="container paddingBottom paddingTop"><div class="wrapper"><p style="text-align:center;font-size:24px;font-weight:bold">SINGA parallelizes the training and optimizes the communication cost to improve training scalability</p><img style="width:27%" class="containerImg" src="/img/benchmark.png" alt="Scalability"/></div></div><div class="container lightBackground paddingBottom paddingTop"><div class="wrapper"><p style="text-align:center;font-size:24px;font-weight:bold">SINGA builds a computational graph to optimize the training speed and memory footprint</p><img style="width:37%" class="containerImg" src="/img/GraphOfMLP.png" alt="Efficiency"/></div></div><div class="container paddingBottom paddingTop"><div class="wrapper"><div style="font-weight:bold;text-align:left;font-size:30px;padding-bottom:40px">Install SINGA</div><div class="container-3"><button class="container-3-button"><a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#using-pip">Using Pip<span style="float:right"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 16 16" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M.5 9.9a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v2.5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h12a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 1 0v2.5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5z"></path><path d="M7.646 11.854a.5.5 0 0 0 .708 0l3-3a.5.5 0 0 0-.708-.708L8.5 10.293V1.5a.5.5 0 0 0-1 0v8.793L5.354 8.146a.5.5 0 1 0-.708.708l3 3z"></path></svg></span></a></button><button class="container-3-button"><a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#using-docker">Using Docker<span style="float:right"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 16 16" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M.5 9.9a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v2.5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h12a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 1 0v2.5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5z"></path><path d="M7.646 11.854a.5.5 0 0 0 .708 0l3-3a.5.5 0 0 0-.708-.708L8.5 10.293V1.5a.5.5 0 0 0-1 0v8.793L5.354 8.146a.5.5 0 1 0-.708.708l3 3z"></path></svg></span></a></button><button class="container-3-button"><a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#from-source">From Source<span style="float:right"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 16 16" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M.5 9.9a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v2.5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h12a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 1 0v2.5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5z"></path><path d="M7.646 11.854a.5.5 0 0 0 .708 0l3-3a.5.5 0 0 0-.708-.708L8.5 10.293V1.5a.5.5 0 0 0-1 0v8.793L5.354 8.146a.5.5 0 1 0-.708.708l3 3z"></path></svg></span></a></button></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="wrapper"><div class="productShowcaseSection paddingBottom"><h2 style="color:#904600">Users of Apache SINGA</h2><p>Apache SINGA powers the following organizations and companies...</p><div class="showcase"><a class="link" href="http://tech.163.com/17/0602/17/CLUL016I00098GJ5.html"><img src="/img/users/NetEase.jpg" alt="NetEase" title="NetEase"/><span class="caption">NetEase</span></a><a class="link" href="https://www.nuh.com.sg/Pages/Home.aspx"><img src="/img/users/nuhlogo.jpg" alt="NUH SG" title="NUH SG"/><span class="caption">NUH SG</span></a><a class="link" href="https://www.sgh.com.sg/"><img src="/img/users/sgh.png" alt="SGH SG" title="SGH SG"/><span class="caption">SGH SG</span></a><a class="link" href="https://www.ttsh.com.sg/Pages/default.aspx"><img src="/img/users/TTSH_Logo.gif" alt="TTSH SG" title="TTSH SG"/><span class="caption">TTSH SG</span></a><a class="link" href="https://www.juronghealthcampus.com.sg/"><img src="/img/users/juronghealth.png" alt="JurongHealth SG" title="JurongHealth SG"/><span class="caption">JurongHealth SG</span></a><a class="link" href="http://www.yzbigdata.com/"><img src="/img/users/yzBigData.png" alt="yzBigData" title="yzBigData"/><span class="caption">yzBigData</span></a><a class="link" href="https://shentilium.com/"><img src="/img/users/shentilium.png" alt="Shentilium" title="Shentilium"/><span class="caption">Shentilium</span></a><a class="link" href="http://www.foodlg.com/"><img src="/img/users/foodlg.png" alt="Foodlg" title="Foodlg"/><span class="caption">Foodlg</span></a><a class="link" href="https://medilot.com/technologies"><img src="/img/users/medilot.svg" alt="Medilot" title="Medilot"/><span class="caption">Medilot</span></a><a class="link" href="http://www.mzhtechnologies.com/index.html"><img src="/img/users/mzhtech.png" alt="MZH Tech" title="MZH Tech"/><span class="caption">MZH Tech</span></a><a class="link" href="https://www.secureage.com/"><img src="/img/users/SecureAge_Logo.png" alt="Secureage Technology" title="Secureage Technology"/><span class="caption">Secureage Technology</span></a></div><div class="more-users"><a class="button" href="/en/users">All Apache SINGA Users</a></div></div></div></div></div></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/en/users.html b/content/en/users.html
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- </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="mainContainer"><div class="container paddingBottom"><div class="wrapper"><div class="showcaseSection"><div class="prose"><h1>Users of Apache SINGA</h1><p>Apache SINGA is used by many projects, especially in healthcare and finance</p></div><div class="logos"><a href="http://tech.163.com/17/0602/17/CLUL016I00098GJ5.html"><img src="/img/users/NetEase.jpg" alt="NetEase" title="NetEase"/></a><a href="https://www.nuh.com.sg/Pages/Home.aspx"><img src="/img/users/nuhlogo.jpg" alt="NUH SG" title="NUH SG"/></a><a href="https://www.sgh.com.sg/"><img src="/img/users/sgh.png" alt="SGH SG" title="SGH SG"/></a><a href="https://www.ttsh.com.sg/Pages/default.aspx"><img src="/img/users/TTSH_Logo.gif" alt="TTSH SG" title="TTSH SG"/></a><a href="https://www.juronghealthcampus.com.sg/"><img src="/img/users/juronghealth.png" alt="JurongHealth SG" title="JurongHealth SG"/></a><a href="http://www.yzbigdata.com/"><img src="/img/users/yzBigData.png" alt="yzBigData" title="yzBigData"/></a><a href="https://shentilium.com/"><img src="/img/users/shentilium.png" alt="Shentilium" title="Shentilium"/></a><a href="http://www.foodlg.com/"><img src="/img/users/foodlg.png" alt="Foodlg" title="Foodlg"/></a><a href="https://medilot.com/technologies"><img src="/img/users/medilot.svg" alt="Medilot" title="Medilot"/></a><a href="http://www.mzhtechnologies.com/index.html"><img src="/img/users/mzhtech.png" alt="MZH Tech" title="MZH Tech"/></a><a href="https://www.secureage.com/"><img src="/img/users/SecureAge_Logo.png" alt="Secureage Technology" title="Secureage Technology"/></a><a href="https://www.carnegietechnologies.com/"><img src="/img/users/carnegietech.png" alt="Carnegie Technologies" title="Carnegie Technologies"/></a><a href="http://www.cbre.com"><img src="/img/users/CBRE.jpg" alt="CBRE" title="CBRE"/></a><a href="https://noblis.org/"><img src="/img/users/noblis.png" alt="Noblis" title="Noblis"/></a><a href="https://www.citigroup.com/citi/"><img src="/img/users/citigroup-logo.jpg" alt="CitiGroup" title="CitiGroup"/></a></div><p>Is your project using Apache SINGA?</p><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/edit/master/docs-site/website/data/users.js" class="button">Add your logo with a Pull Request</a></div></div></div></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="mainContainer"><div class="container paddingBottom"><div class="wrapper"><div class="showcaseSection"><div class="prose"><h1>Users of Apache SINGA</h1><p>Apache SINGA is used by many projects, especially in healthcare and finance</p></div><div class="logos"><a href="http://tech.163.com/17/0602/17/CLUL016I00098GJ5.html"><img src="/img/users/NetEase.jpg" alt="NetEase" title="NetEase"/></a><a href="https://www.nuh.com.sg/Pages/Home.aspx"><img src="/img/users/nuhlogo.jpg" alt="NUH SG" title="NUH SG"/></a><a href="https://www.sgh.com.sg/"><img src="/img/users/sgh.png" alt="SGH SG" title="SGH SG"/></a><a href="https://www.ttsh.com.sg/Pages/default.aspx"><img src="/img/users/TTSH_Logo.gif" alt="TTSH SG" title="TTSH SG"/></a><a href="https://www.juronghealthcampus.com.sg/"><img src="/img/users/juronghealth.png" alt="JurongHealth SG" title="JurongHealth SG"/></a><a href="http://www.yzbigdata.com/"><img src="/img/users/yzBigData.png" alt="yzBigData" title="yzBigData"/></a><a href="https://shentilium.com/"><img src="/img/users/shentilium.png" alt="Shentilium" title="Shentilium"/></a><a href="http://www.foodlg.com/"><img src="/img/users/foodlg.png" alt="Foodlg" title="Foodlg"/></a><a href="https://medilot.com/technologies"><img src="/img/users/medilot.svg" alt="Medilot" title="Medilot"/></a><a href="http://www.mzhtechnologies.com/index.html"><img src="/img/users/mzhtech.png" alt="MZH Tech" title="MZH Tech"/></a><a href="https://www.secureage.com/"><img src="/img/users/SecureAge_Logo.png" alt="Secureage Technology" title="Secureage Technology"/></a><a href="https://www.carnegietechnologies.com/"><img src="/img/users/carnegietech.png" alt="Carnegie Technologies" title="Carnegie Technologies"/></a><a href="http://www.cbre.com"><img src="/img/users/CBRE.jpg" alt="CBRE" title="CBRE"/></a><a href="https://noblis.org/"><img src="/img/users/noblis.png" alt="Noblis" title="Noblis"/></a><a href="https://www.citigroup.com/citi/"><img src="/img/users/citigroup-logo.jpg" alt="CitiGroup" title="CitiGroup"/></a></div><p>Is your project using Apache SINGA?</p><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/edit/master/docs-site/website/data/users.js" class="button">Add your logo with a Pull Request</a></div></div></div></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/en/users/index.html b/content/en/users/index.html
index 789bfe7..7df4dec 100644
--- a/content/en/users/index.html
+++ b/content/en/users/index.html
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
{"zIndex":100}
)
});
- </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="mainContainer"><div class="container paddingBottom"><div class="wrapper"><div class="showcaseSection"><div class="prose"><h1>Users of Apache SINGA</h1><p>Apache SINGA is used by many projects, especially in healthcare and finance</p></div><div class="logos"><a href="http://tech.163.com/17/0602/17/CLUL016I00098GJ5.html"><img src="/img/users/NetEase.jpg" alt="NetEase" title="NetEase"/></a><a href="https://www.nuh.com.sg/Pages/Home.aspx"><img src="/img/users/nuhlogo.jpg" alt="NUH SG" title="NUH SG"/></a><a href="https://www.sgh.com.sg/"><img src="/img/users/sgh.png" alt="SGH SG" title="SGH SG"/></a><a href="https://www.ttsh.com.sg/Pages/default.aspx"><img src="/img/users/TTSH_Logo.gif" alt="TTSH SG" title="TTSH SG"/></a><a href="https://www.juronghealthcampus.com.sg/"><img src="/img/users/juronghealth.png" alt="JurongHealth SG" title="JurongHealth SG"/></a><a href="http://www.yzbigdata.com/"><img src="/img/users/yzBigData.png" alt="yzBigData" title="yzBigData"/></a><a href="https://shentilium.com/"><img src="/img/users/shentilium.png" alt="Shentilium" title="Shentilium"/></a><a href="http://www.foodlg.com/"><img src="/img/users/foodlg.png" alt="Foodlg" title="Foodlg"/></a><a href="https://medilot.com/technologies"><img src="/img/users/medilot.svg" alt="Medilot" title="Medilot"/></a><a href="http://www.mzhtechnologies.com/index.html"><img src="/img/users/mzhtech.png" alt="MZH Tech" title="MZH Tech"/></a><a href="https://www.secureage.com/"><img src="/img/users/SecureAge_Logo.png" alt="Secureage Technology" title="Secureage Technology"/></a><a href="https://www.carnegietechnologies.com/"><img src="/img/users/carnegietech.png" alt="Carnegie Technologies" title="Carnegie Technologies"/></a><a href="http://www.cbre.com"><img src="/img/users/CBRE.jpg" alt="CBRE" title="CBRE"/></a><a href="https://noblis.org/"><img src="/img/users/noblis.png" alt="Noblis" title="Noblis"/></a><a href="https://www.citigroup.com/citi/"><img src="/img/users/citigroup-logo.jpg" alt="CitiGroup" title="CitiGroup"/></a></div><p>Is your project using Apache SINGA?</p><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/edit/master/docs-site/website/data/users.js" class="button">Add your logo with a Pull Request</a></div></div></div></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="mainContainer"><div class="container paddingBottom"><div class="wrapper"><div class="showcaseSection"><div class="prose"><h1>Users of Apache SINGA</h1><p>Apache SINGA is used by many projects, especially in healthcare and finance</p></div><div class="logos"><a href="http://tech.163.com/17/0602/17/CLUL016I00098GJ5.html"><img src="/img/users/NetEase.jpg" alt="NetEase" title="NetEase"/></a><a href="https://www.nuh.com.sg/Pages/Home.aspx"><img src="/img/users/nuhlogo.jpg" alt="NUH SG" title="NUH SG"/></a><a href="https://www.sgh.com.sg/"><img src="/img/users/sgh.png" alt="SGH SG" title="SGH SG"/></a><a href="https://www.ttsh.com.sg/Pages/default.aspx"><img src="/img/users/TTSH_Logo.gif" alt="TTSH SG" title="TTSH SG"/></a><a href="https://www.juronghealthcampus.com.sg/"><img src="/img/users/juronghealth.png" alt="JurongHealth SG" title="JurongHealth SG"/></a><a href="http://www.yzbigdata.com/"><img src="/img/users/yzBigData.png" alt="yzBigData" title="yzBigData"/></a><a href="https://shentilium.com/"><img src="/img/users/shentilium.png" alt="Shentilium" title="Shentilium"/></a><a href="http://www.foodlg.com/"><img src="/img/users/foodlg.png" alt="Foodlg" title="Foodlg"/></a><a href="https://medilot.com/technologies"><img src="/img/users/medilot.svg" alt="Medilot" title="Medilot"/></a><a href="http://www.mzhtechnologies.com/index.html"><img src="/img/users/mzhtech.png" alt="MZH Tech" title="MZH Tech"/></a><a href="https://www.secureage.com/"><img src="/img/users/SecureAge_Logo.png" alt="Secureage Technology" title="Secureage Technology"/></a><a href="https://www.carnegietechnologies.com/"><img src="/img/users/carnegietech.png" alt="Carnegie Technologies" title="Carnegie Technologies"/></a><a href="http://www.cbre.com"><img src="/img/users/CBRE.jpg" alt="CBRE" title="CBRE"/></a><a href="https://noblis.org/"><img src="/img/users/noblis.png" alt="Noblis" title="Noblis"/></a><a href="https://www.citigroup.com/citi/"><img src="/img/users/citigroup-logo.jpg" alt="CitiGroup" title="CitiGroup"/></a></div><p>Is your project using Apache SINGA?</p><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/edit/master/docs-site/website/data/users.js" class="button">Add your logo with a Pull Request</a></div></div></div></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/en/versions.html b/content/en/versions.html
index 4fe82e6..b533b40 100644
--- a/content/en/versions.html
+++ b/content/en/versions.html
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
{"zIndex":100}
)
});
- </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer versionsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><h1>Apache SINGA Versions</h1></header><h3 id="rc">Other Languages</h3><p>Here you can find the documentation of Apache SINGA in other languages</p><table class="versions"><tbody><tr><th>3.3.0_Chinese</th><td><a href="/docs/en/3.3.0_Chinese/installation">Documentation</a></td></tr><tr><th>3.3.0_Viet</th><td><a href="/docs/en/3.3.0_Viet/installation">Documentation</a></td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="latest">Current version (Stable)</h3><p>Current stable version of Apache SINGA</p><table class="versions"><tbody><tr><th>3.3.0</th><td><a href="/docs/en/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/en/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.3.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="rc">Pre-release versions</h3><p>Latest unreleased 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href="/docs/en/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p>You can find past versions of this project on <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc">GitHub</a>.</p></div></div></div></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div 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diff --git a/content/en/versions/index.html b/content/en/versions/index.html
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+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" 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href="/docs/en/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>3.1.0</th><td><a href="/docs/en/3.1.0/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/en/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>3.0.0</th><td><a href="/docs/en/3.0.0/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/en/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>3.0.0.rc1</th><td><a href="/docs/en/3.0.0.rc1/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/en/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>2.0.0</th><td><a href="/docs/en/2.0.0/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/en/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>1.1.0</th><td><a href="/v1.1.0/"> Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/en/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>0.3.0</th><td><a href="/v0.3.0/"> Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/en/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p>You can find past versions of this project on <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc">GitHub</a>.</p></div></div></div></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/en/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/en/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" 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diff --git a/content/help.html b/content/help.html
index 63db115..0fe7681 100644
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)
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diff --git a/content/help/index.html b/content/help/index.html
index 63db115..0fe7681 100644
--- a/content/help/index.html
+++ b/content/help/index.html
@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@
{"zIndex":100}
)
});
- </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer documentContainer postContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><h1>Need help?</h1></header><p>This project is maintained by a dedicated group of people.</p><div class="gridBlock"><div class="blockElement threeByGridBlock"><div class="blockContent"><h2><div><span><p>Browse Docs</p>
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</span></div></div></div><div class="blockElement threeByGridBlock"><div class="blockContent"><h2><div><span><p>Join the community</p>
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- </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div><div class="index-hero"><img style="display:none" src="/img/sg-botanic-coleen-rivas-unsplash.jpg" alt="increase priority"/><div class="index-hero-inner"><img alt="SINGA-hero-banner" class="index-hero-logo" src="/img/singa.png"/><h1 class="index-hero-project-tagline">A Distributed Deep Learning Library</h1><div class="index-ctas"><a class="button index-ctas-get-started-button" href="/docs/installation">Get Started</a><span class="index-ctas-github-button"><iframe src="https://ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=apache&repo=singa&type=star&count=true&size=large" frameBorder="0" scrolling="0" width="160" height="30" title="GitHub Stars"></iframe></span></div></div></div><div class="announcement"><div class="announcement-inner">Apache SINGA is an <a href="https://blogs.apache.org/foundation/entry/the-apache-software-foundation-announces57">Apache Top Level Project</a>, focusing on distributed training of deep learning and machine learning models</div></div><div class="mainPageContainer"><div class="container paddingBottom paddingTop"><div class="wrapper"><div style="font-weight:bold;text-align:left;font-size:35px;padding-bottom:10px">Features</div><div class="container-2"><div class="container-2-box"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="icon" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-width="2" d="M19,13.5 L19,17.5 L12,22 L5,17.5 L5,13.5 M12,22 L12,13.5 M18.5,8.5 L12,4.5 L15.5,2 L22,6 L18.5,8.5 L18.5,8.5 L18.5,8.5 Z M5.5,8.5 L12,4.5 L8.5,2 L2,6 L5.5,8.5 L5.5,8.5 L5.5,8.5 Z M18.5,9 L12,13 L15.5,15.5 L22,11.5 L18.5,9 L18.5,9 L18.5,9 Z M5.5,9 L12,13 L8.5,15.5 L2,11.5 L5.5,9 L5.5,9 Z"></path></svg><h2>Easy installation</h2><p><div><span><p>Easy installation using <a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#using-conda">Conda</a>, <a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#using-pip">Pip</a>, <a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#using-docker">Docker</a> and <a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#from-source">from Source</a></p>
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div><div class="index-hero"><img style="display:none" src="/img/sg-botanic-coleen-rivas-unsplash.jpg" alt="increase priority"/><div class="index-hero-inner"><img alt="SINGA-hero-banner" class="index-hero-logo" src="/img/singa.png"/><h1 class="index-hero-project-tagline">A Distributed Deep Learning Library</h1><div class="index-ctas"><a class="button index-ctas-get-started-button" href="/docs/installation">Get Started</a><span class="index-ctas-github-button"><iframe src="https://ghbtns.com/github-btn.html?user=apache&repo=singa&type=star&count=true&size=large" frameBorder="0" scrolling="0" width="160" height="30" title="GitHub Stars"></iframe></span></div></div></div><div class="announcement"><div class="announcement-inner">Apache SINGA is an <a href="https://blogs.apache.org/foundation/entry/the-apache-software-foundation-announces57">Apache Top Level Project</a>, focusing on distributed training of deep learning and machine learning models</div></div><div class="mainPageContainer"><div class="container paddingBottom paddingTop"><div class="wrapper"><div style="font-weight:bold;text-align:left;font-size:35px;padding-bottom:10px">Features</div><div class="container-2"><div class="container-2-box"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="icon" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="none" stroke="#000" stroke-width="2" d="M19,13.5 L19,17.5 L12,22 L5,17.5 L5,13.5 M12,22 L12,13.5 M18.5,8.5 L12,4.5 L15.5,2 L22,6 L18.5,8.5 L18.5,8.5 L18.5,8.5 Z M5.5,8.5 L12,4.5 L8.5,2 L2,6 L5.5,8.5 L5.5,8.5 L5.5,8.5 Z M18.5,9 L12,13 L15.5,15.5 L22,11.5 L18.5,9 L18.5,9 L18.5,9 Z M5.5,9 L12,13 L8.5,15.5 L2,11.5 L5.5,9 L5.5,9 Z"></path></svg><h2>Easy installation</h2><p><div><span><p>Easy installation using <a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#using-conda">Conda</a>, <a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#using-pip">Pip</a>, <a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#using-docker">Docker</a> and <a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#from-source">from Source</a></p>
</span></div></p></div><div class="container-2-box"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M256 16c-7.5 0-12.8 3.96-16 8.88-2.7 4.42-3.8 9.56-4.1 14.12-8.4 4.2-17.8 8.41-25.3 12.71-5.9 3.61-14.4 8.59-14.6 15.49.6 5.31 7.8 7.24 11.7 8.47 4.3 1.26 9.1 2.19 13.3 2.6-4.2 7.16-9.7 13.71-14.6 19.98-5.5 7.25-10.4 14.25-10.4 21.95.1 3.3.5 6.6 4.2 6.8 10.8.3 22.4.1 33.6.1 4.9.5 7.3-1.7 9.3-5.7 2.7-5.8 6.9-14.2 12.9-20.6 5.8 6.4 9.6 13 13.1 20.5v.1c2 4.5 4.8 5.7 9.1 5.7l33.7-.1c3.6-.3 4.1-3.6 4.1-6.8 0-7.7-4.8-14.7-10.4-21.95-4.8-6.27-10.4-12.82-14.5-19.98 4.1-.41 8.9-1.34 13.2-2.6 4-1.56 11.6-3.5 11.7-8.47-1-7.92-8.9-12.21-14.5-15.49-7.6-4.3-16.9-8.51-25.4-12.71-.2-4.56-1.4-9.7-4.1-14.12-3.2-4.92-8.5-8.88-16-8.88zm138.4 92.1c-1.7 0-3.4.3-4.9 1.1-4.3 3.2-2.4 10.4-1.5 14.4 1.1 4.3 2.7 8.9 4.4 12.8-8.3-.1-16.7-1.6-24.6-2.7-9-1.1-17.5-1.9-24.2 2-2.8 1.7-5.4 3.7-3.8 7 5.2 9.5 11.2 19.5 16.8 29.2 2 4.5 5.1 5.4 9.5 5.2 6.4-.6 15.8-1.1 24.3.8-2.6 8.3-6.4 14.9-11.2 21.6l-.1.1c-2.8 4-2.5 7-.3 10.7l16.9 29.2c2.1 2.9 5.2 1.7 7.9.1 6.7-3.8 10.4-11.5 13.8-20 3.1-7.3 5.9-15.4 10.1-22.5 2.4 3.3 5.6 7 8.8 10.1 3.4 2.7 8.9 8.3 13.2 5.9 6.4-4.8 6.1-13.8 6.2-20.3-.1-8.7-1.1-18.9-1.7-28.3 3.8-2.5 7.7-6.1 10.2-10.6 2.6-5.3 3.4-11.8-.3-18.3-3.8-6.5-9.9-9.1-15.7-9.5-5.2-.1-10.2 1.5-14.3 3.6-7.9-5.2-16.2-11.3-23.7-15.6-4.6-2.5-10.5-5.9-15.8-6zm-277 .7c-5.5.2-10.8 3.5-15.1 5.9-7.57 4.4-15.82 10.4-23.78 15.6-4.07-2.1-9.01-3.6-14.22-3.5-5.89.4-11.95 2.9-15.79 9.5-3.74 6.3-2.93 12.9-.4 18.1 2.48 4.7 6.4 8.1 10.33 10.7-.63 9.3-1.8 19.7-1.75 28.2.16 7 .17 16.8 6.16 20.4 4.92 2.2 10.21-3.1 13.22-5.9 3.17-3.1 6.36-6.8 8.89-10.2 4.06 7.3 6.96 15.3 9.96 22.7 3.54 8.3 7.08 16.1 13.78 19.9 2.8 1.7 5.9 2.8 8.1-.1 5.6-9.4 11.4-19.6 17-29.3 2.8-3.9 2-7.1-.4-10.8-3.8-5.2-8.8-13.1-11.4-21.4 8.5-1.9 16.1-1.9 24.3-1.1h.1c5 .4 7.3-1.3 9.4-5.1l16.9-29.2c1.4-3.2-1.2-5.3-3.8-6.8-6.8-4-15.3-3.3-24.3-2-7.8 1-16.3 2.6-24.6 2.5 1.8-3.7 3.4-8.3 4.4-12.6.7-4.3 2.7-11.9-1.4-14.4-1.9-.8-3.8-1.1-5.6-1.1zm281.8 160.9c-1.2 0-2.3.5-3.2 1.8-5.6 9.3-11.3 19.5-16.9 29.2-2.9 3.9-2.1 7.1.3 10.8 3.7 5.2 8.8 13.1 11.4 21.4-8.4 1.9-16.1 1.9-24.3 1.1h-.1c-4.9-.4-7.3 1.3-9.4 5.1l-16.8 29.2c-1.5 3.3 1.1 5.4 3.8 6.9 6.7 3.9 15.2 3.3 24.2 2 7.9-1 16.3-2.6 24.6-2.5-1.7 3.7-3.3 8.3-4.4 12.6-.6 4.3-2.7 11.9 1.5 14.4 7.4 3.2 15-1.6 20.7-4.8 7.5-4.4 15.8-10.4 23.7-15.6 4 2.1 9.1 3.6 14.2 3.5 5.9-.4 12-2.9 15.7-9.4 3.8-6.5 3-13.1.4-18.3-2.5-4.6-6.4-8.1-10.3-10.6.6-9.4 1.7-19.7 1.7-28.3-.2-7-.2-16.8-6.1-20.4-4.9-2.1-10.2 3.1-13.2 5.9-3.2 3.1-6.4 6.8-8.9 10.2-4.1-7.2-7-15.2-10-22.6-3.5-8.4-7.1-16.1-13.8-20-1.6-.9-3.3-1.7-4.8-1.6zm-285.3.7c-1.5 0-3.2.8-4.7 1.6-6.8 3.9-10.41 11.6-13.85 20-3.05 7.3-5.88 15.4-10.07 22.6-2.4-3.4-5.57-7.1-8.71-10.1-3.44-2.8-8.97-8.3-13.27-6-6.42 4.9-6.11 13.8-6.17 20.3.1 8.8 1.09 18.9 1.62 28.4-3.8 2.5-7.62 6-10.08 10.6-2.59 5.3-3.46 11.8.29 18.3 3.62 6.4 9.73 9 15.49 9.4 5.3.2 10.21-1.5 14.43-3.6 7.75 5.2 16.14 11.4 23.52 15.6 6.2 3.4 14.7 8.3 20.8 4.9 4.3-3.2 2.4-10.4 1.5-14.4-1.1-4.3-2.7-8.9-4.4-12.8 8.3.1 16.7 1.6 24.6 2.7 9 1.1 17.5 1.9 24.2-2 2.8-1.6 5.3-3.7 3.9-7-5.3-9.5-11.3-19.6-16.9-29.3-1.9-4.4-5.1-5.3-9.5-5.1-6.4.7-15.7 1.1-24.2-.8 2.5-8.3 6.4-14.9 11.2-21.6v-.1c2.8-4.1 2.5-6.9.3-10.7L117 272.1c-.9-1.2-2-1.7-3.1-1.7zm163.2 114.1c-3.7.1-5.8 2.3-7.5 5.8-2.6 5.8-6.9 14.1-12.8 20.5-5.9-6.3-9.7-13-13.1-20.5h-.1c-2.1-4.5-4.7-5.7-9.1-5.6h-33.7c-3.5.3-4 3.6-4 6.7 0 7.8 4.8 14.8 10.4 22 4.8 6.3 10.4 12.8 14.5 20-4.1.4-8.9 1.3-13.1 2.5-4.1 1.6-11.7 3.6-11.8 8.5 1 8 8.9 12.2 14.5 15.5 7.6 4.3 16.9 8.5 25.4 12.8.2 4.5 1.4 9.6 4.1 14 3.3 4.9 8.5 8.9 16 8.9 7.4.1 12.7-3.9 15.9-8.7 2.8-4.5 3.8-9.6 4.1-14.3 8.4-4.1 17.9-8.3 25.3-12.6 6-3.7 14.5-8.6 14.6-15.5-.6-5.3-7.8-7.3-11.7-8.5-4.3-1.2-9.1-2.2-13.3-2.6 4.2-7.2 9.7-13.7 14.6-20 5.5-7.2 10.4-14.2 10.4-21.9 0-3.3-.5-6.5-4.1-6.9-10.9-.2-22.6 0-33.8 0-.6-.1-1.2-.1-1.7-.1z"></path></svg><h2>Model zoo</h2><p><div><span><p>Various example deep learning models are provided in SINGA repo on <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa/tree/master/examples">Github</a> and on <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/">Google Colab</a></p>
</span></div></p></div><div class="container-2-box"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="icon" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 1.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h13a.5.5 0 0 0 0-1h-13a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5zm0 13a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h13a.5.5 0 0 0 0-1h-13a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5z"></path><path d="M2 7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H3a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V7z"></path></svg><h2>Distributed training</h2><p><div><span><p>SINGA supports data parallel training across multiple GPUs (on a single node or across different nodes)</p>
</span></div></p></div><div class="container-2-box"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="icon" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M400 0H48C22.4 0 0 22.4 0 48v416c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h352c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V48c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zM128 435.2c0 6.4-6.4 12.8-12.8 12.8H76.8c-6.4 0-12.8-6.4-12.8-12.8v-38.4c0-6.4 6.4-12.8 12.8-12.8h38.4c6.4 0 12.8 6.4 12.8 12.8v38.4zm0-128c0 6.4-6.4 12.8-12.8 12.8H76.8c-6.4 0-12.8-6.4-12.8-12.8v-38.4c0-6.4 6.4-12.8 12.8-12.8h38.4c6.4 0 12.8 6.4 12.8 12.8v38.4zm128 128c0 6.4-6.4 12.8-12.8 12.8h-38.4c-6.4 0-12.8-6.4-12.8-12.8v-38.4c0-6.4 6.4-12.8 12.8-12.8h38.4c6.4 0 12.8 6.4 12.8 12.8v38.4zm0-128c0 6.4-6.4 12.8-12.8 12.8h-38.4c-6.4 0-12.8-6.4-12.8-12.8v-38.4c0-6.4 6.4-12.8 12.8-12.8h38.4c6.4 0 12.8 6.4 12.8 12.8v38.4zm128 128c0 6.4-6.4 12.8-12.8 12.8h-38.4c-6.4 0-12.8-6.4-12.8-12.8V268.8c0-6.4 6.4-12.8 12.8-12.8h38.4c6.4 0 12.8 6.4 12.8 12.8v166.4zm0-256c0 6.4-6.4 12.8-12.8 12.8H76.8c-6.4 0-12.8-6.4-12.8-12.8V76.8C64 70.4 70.4 64 76.8 64h294.4c6.4 0 12.8 6.4 12.8 12.8v102.4z"></path></svg><h2>Automatic gradient calculation</h2><p><div><span><p>SINGA records the <a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/graph/">computation graph</a> and applies the backward propagation automatically after forward propagation</p>
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
</span></div></p></div><div class="container-2-box"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="icon" style="font-size:30px" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M4.99255 11.0159C4.44027 11.0159 3.99255 10.5682 3.99255 10.0159C3.99255 9.6585 4.18004 9.3449 4.46202 9.16807L7.14964 6.48045C7.54016 6.08993 8.17333 6.08993 8.56385 6.48045C8.95438 6.87098 8.95438 7.50414 8.56385 7.89467L7.44263 9.0159L14.9926 9.01589C15.5448 9.01589 15.9926 9.46361 15.9926 10.0159C15.9926 10.5682 15.5448 11.0159 14.9926 11.0159L5.042 11.0159C5.03288 11.016 5.02376 11.016 5.01464 11.0159H4.99255Z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M19.0074 12.9841C19.5597 12.9841 20.0074 13.4318 20.0074 13.9841C20.0074 14.3415 19.82 14.6551 19.538 14.8319L16.8504 17.5195C16.4598 17.9101 15.8267 17.9101 15.4361 17.5195C15.0456 17.129 15.0456 16.4958 15.4361 16.1053L16.5574 14.9841H9.00745C8.45516 14.9841 8.00745 14.5364 8.00745 13.9841C8.00745 13.4318 8.45516 12.9841 9.00745 12.9841L18.958 12.9841C18.9671 12.984 18.9762 12.984 18.9854 12.9841H19.0074Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><h2>Interoperability</h2><p><div><span><p>SINGA supports loading <a href="https://onnx.ai/">ONNX</a> format models and saving models defined using SINGA APIs into ONNX format, which enables AI developers to use models across different libraries and tools</p>
</span></div></p></div><div class="container-2-box"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="icon" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10.293 11.707l-3.293-3.293v-4.414h2v3.586l2.707 2.707zM8 0c-4.418 0-8 3.582-8 8s3.582 8 8 8 8-3.582 8-8-3.582-8-8-8zM8 14c-3.314 0-6-2.686-6-6s2.686-6 6-6c3.314 0 6 2.686 6 6s-2.686 6-6 6z"></path></svg><h2>Time profiling</h2><p><div><span><p>SINGA supports the time profiling of each of the operators buffered in the graph</p>
</span></div></p></div><div class="container-2-box"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 16 16" class="icon" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M7.779.052a.5.5 0 0 1 .442 0l6.015 2.97a.5.5 0 0 1 .267.34l1.485 6.676a.5.5 0 0 1-.093.415l-4.162 5.354a.5.5 0 0 1-.395.193H4.662a.5.5 0 0 1-.395-.193L.105 10.453a.5.5 0 0 1-.093-.415l1.485-6.676a.5.5 0 0 1 .267-.34L7.779.053zM8 15h3.093l3.868-4.975-1.383-6.212L8 1.058V15z"></path></svg><h2>Half precision</h2><p><div><span><p>Half precision is supported to bring benefits, e.g., less GPU memory, supporting larger networks and faster training, etc</p>
-</span></div></p></div></div></div></div><div class="container lightBackground paddingBottom paddingTop"><div class="wrapper"><p style="text-align:center;font-size:24px;font-weight:bold">SINGA has a well architected software stack and easy-to-use Python interface to improve usability</p><img style="width:35%" class="containerImg" src="/img/singav3-sw.png" alt="Usability"/></div></div><div class="container paddingBottom paddingTop"><div class="wrapper"><p style="text-align:center;font-size:24px;font-weight:bold">SINGA parallelizes the training and optimizes the communication cost to improve training scalability</p><img style="width:27%" class="containerImg" src="/img/benchmark.png" alt="Scalability"/></div></div><div class="container lightBackground paddingBottom paddingTop"><div class="wrapper"><p style="text-align:center;font-size:24px;font-weight:bold">SINGA builds a computational graph to optimize the training speed and memory footprint</p><img style="width:37%" class="containerImg" src="/img/GraphOfMLP.png" alt="Efficiency"/></div></div><div class="container paddingBottom paddingTop"><div class="wrapper"><div style="font-weight:bold;text-align:left;font-size:30px;padding-bottom:40px">Install SINGA</div><div class="container-3"><button class="container-3-button"><a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#using-pip">Using Pip<span style="float:right"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 16 16" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M.5 9.9a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v2.5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h12a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 1 0v2.5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5z"></path><path d="M7.646 11.854a.5.5 0 0 0 .708 0l3-3a.5.5 0 0 0-.708-.708L8.5 10.293V1.5a.5.5 0 0 0-1 0v8.793L5.354 8.146a.5.5 0 1 0-.708.708l3 3z"></path></svg></span></a></button><button class="container-3-button"><a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#using-docker">Using Docker<span style="float:right"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 16 16" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M.5 9.9a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v2.5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h12a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 1 0v2.5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5z"></path><path d="M7.646 11.854a.5.5 0 0 0 .708 0l3-3a.5.5 0 0 0-.708-.708L8.5 10.293V1.5a.5.5 0 0 0-1 0v8.793L5.354 8.146a.5.5 0 1 0-.708.708l3 3z"></path></svg></span></a></button><button class="container-3-button"><a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#from-source">From Source<span style="float:right"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 16 16" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M.5 9.9a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v2.5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h12a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 1 0v2.5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5z"></path><path d="M7.646 11.854a.5.5 0 0 0 .708 0l3-3a.5.5 0 0 0-.708-.708L8.5 10.293V1.5a.5.5 0 0 0-1 0v8.793L5.354 8.146a.5.5 0 1 0-.708.708l3 3z"></path></svg></span></a></button></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="wrapper"><div class="productShowcaseSection paddingBottom"><h2 style="color:#904600">Users of Apache SINGA</h2><p>Apache SINGA powers the following organizations and companies...</p><div class="showcase"><a class="link" href="http://tech.163.com/17/0602/17/CLUL016I00098GJ5.html"><img src="/img/users/NetEase.jpg" alt="NetEase" title="NetEase"/><span class="caption">NetEase</span></a><a class="link" href="https://www.nuh.com.sg/Pages/Home.aspx"><img src="/img/users/nuhlogo.jpg" alt="NUH SG" title="NUH SG"/><span class="caption">NUH SG</span></a><a class="link" href="https://www.sgh.com.sg/"><img src="/img/users/sgh.png" alt="SGH SG" title="SGH SG"/><span class="caption">SGH SG</span></a><a class="link" href="https://www.ttsh.com.sg/Pages/default.aspx"><img src="/img/users/TTSH_Logo.gif" alt="TTSH SG" title="TTSH SG"/><span class="caption">TTSH SG</span></a><a class="link" href="https://www.juronghealthcampus.com.sg/"><img src="/img/users/juronghealth.png" alt="JurongHealth SG" title="JurongHealth SG"/><span class="caption">JurongHealth SG</span></a><a class="link" href="http://www.yzbigdata.com/"><img src="/img/users/yzBigData.png" alt="yzBigData" title="yzBigData"/><span class="caption">yzBigData</span></a><a class="link" href="https://shentilium.com/"><img src="/img/users/shentilium.png" alt="Shentilium" title="Shentilium"/><span class="caption">Shentilium</span></a><a class="link" href="http://www.foodlg.com/"><img src="/img/users/foodlg.png" alt="Foodlg" title="Foodlg"/><span class="caption">Foodlg</span></a><a class="link" href="https://medilot.com/technologies"><img src="/img/users/medilot.svg" alt="Medilot" title="Medilot"/><span class="caption">Medilot</span></a><a class="link" href="http://www.mzhtechnologies.com/index.html"><img src="/img/users/mzhtech.png" alt="MZH Tech" title="MZH Tech"/><span class="caption">MZH Tech</span></a><a class="link" href="https://www.secureage.com/"><img src="/img/users/SecureAge_Logo.png" alt="Secureage Technology" title="Secureage Technology"/><span class="caption">Secureage Technology</span></a></div><div class="more-users"><a class="button" href="/users">All Apache SINGA Users</a></div></div></div></div></div></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+</span></div></p></div></div></div></div><div class="container lightBackground paddingBottom paddingTop"><div class="wrapper"><p style="text-align:center;font-size:24px;font-weight:bold">SINGA has a well architected software stack and easy-to-use Python interface to improve usability</p><img style="width:35%" class="containerImg" src="/img/singav3-sw.png" alt="Usability"/></div></div><div class="container paddingBottom paddingTop"><div class="wrapper"><p style="text-align:center;font-size:24px;font-weight:bold">SINGA parallelizes the training and optimizes the communication cost to improve training scalability</p><img style="width:27%" class="containerImg" src="/img/benchmark.png" alt="Scalability"/></div></div><div class="container lightBackground paddingBottom paddingTop"><div class="wrapper"><p style="text-align:center;font-size:24px;font-weight:bold">SINGA builds a computational graph to optimize the training speed and memory footprint</p><img style="width:37%" class="containerImg" src="/img/GraphOfMLP.png" alt="Efficiency"/></div></div><div class="container paddingBottom paddingTop"><div class="wrapper"><div style="font-weight:bold;text-align:left;font-size:30px;padding-bottom:40px">Install SINGA</div><div class="container-3"><button class="container-3-button"><a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#using-pip">Using Pip<span style="float:right"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 16 16" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M.5 9.9a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v2.5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h12a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 1 0v2.5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5z"></path><path d="M7.646 11.854a.5.5 0 0 0 .708 0l3-3a.5.5 0 0 0-.708-.708L8.5 10.293V1.5a.5.5 0 0 0-1 0v8.793L5.354 8.146a.5.5 0 1 0-.708.708l3 3z"></path></svg></span></a></button><button class="container-3-button"><a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#using-docker">Using Docker<span style="float:right"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 16 16" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M.5 9.9a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v2.5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h12a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 1 0v2.5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5z"></path><path d="M7.646 11.854a.5.5 0 0 0 .708 0l3-3a.5.5 0 0 0-.708-.708L8.5 10.293V1.5a.5.5 0 0 0-1 0v8.793L5.354 8.146a.5.5 0 1 0-.708.708l3 3z"></path></svg></span></a></button><button class="container-3-button"><a href="https://singa.apache.org/docs/installation/#from-source">From Source<span style="float:right"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 16 16" height="1em" width="1em" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M.5 9.9a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v2.5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h12a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 1 0v2.5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5z"></path><path d="M7.646 11.854a.5.5 0 0 0 .708 0l3-3a.5.5 0 0 0-.708-.708L8.5 10.293V1.5a.5.5 0 0 0-1 0v8.793L5.354 8.146a.5.5 0 1 0-.708.708l3 3z"></path></svg></span></a></button></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="wrapper"><div class="productShowcaseSection paddingBottom"><h2 style="color:#904600">Users of Apache SINGA</h2><p>Apache SINGA powers the following organizations and companies...</p><div class="showcase"><a class="link" href="http://tech.163.com/17/0602/17/CLUL016I00098GJ5.html"><img src="/img/users/NetEase.jpg" alt="NetEase" title="NetEase"/><span class="caption">NetEase</span></a><a class="link" href="https://www.nuh.com.sg/Pages/Home.aspx"><img src="/img/users/nuhlogo.jpg" alt="NUH SG" title="NUH SG"/><span class="caption">NUH SG</span></a><a class="link" href="https://www.sgh.com.sg/"><img src="/img/users/sgh.png" alt="SGH SG" title="SGH SG"/><span class="caption">SGH SG</span></a><a class="link" href="https://www.ttsh.com.sg/Pages/default.aspx"><img src="/img/users/TTSH_Logo.gif" alt="TTSH SG" title="TTSH SG"/><span class="caption">TTSH SG</span></a><a class="link" href="https://www.juronghealthcampus.com.sg/"><img src="/img/users/juronghealth.png" alt="JurongHealth SG" title="JurongHealth SG"/><span class="caption">JurongHealth SG</span></a><a class="link" href="http://www.yzbigdata.com/"><img src="/img/users/yzBigData.png" alt="yzBigData" title="yzBigData"/><span class="caption">yzBigData</span></a><a class="link" href="https://shentilium.com/"><img src="/img/users/shentilium.png" alt="Shentilium" title="Shentilium"/><span class="caption">Shentilium</span></a><a class="link" href="http://www.foodlg.com/"><img src="/img/users/foodlg.png" alt="Foodlg" title="Foodlg"/><span class="caption">Foodlg</span></a><a class="link" href="https://medilot.com/technologies"><img src="/img/users/medilot.svg" alt="Medilot" title="Medilot"/><span class="caption">Medilot</span></a><a class="link" href="http://www.mzhtechnologies.com/index.html"><img src="/img/users/mzhtech.png" alt="MZH Tech" title="MZH Tech"/><span class="caption">MZH Tech</span></a><a class="link" href="https://www.secureage.com/"><img src="/img/users/SecureAge_Logo.png" alt="Secureage Technology" title="Secureage Technology"/><span class="caption">Secureage Technology</span></a></div><div class="more-users"><a class="button" href="/users">All Apache SINGA Users</a></div></div></div></div></div></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/sitemap.xml b/content/sitemap.xml
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/users.html b/content/users.html
index 34cff03..2bc5aea 100644
--- a/content/users.html
+++ b/content/users.html
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
{"zIndex":100}
)
});
- </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="mainContainer"><div class="container paddingBottom"><div class="wrapper"><div class="showcaseSection"><div class="prose"><h1>Users of Apache SINGA</h1><p>Apache SINGA is used by many projects, especially in healthcare and finance</p></div><div class="logos"><a href="http://tech.163.com/17/0602/17/CLUL016I00098GJ5.html"><img src="/img/users/NetEase.jpg" alt="NetEase" title="NetEase"/></a><a href="https://www.nuh.com.sg/Pages/Home.aspx"><img src="/img/users/nuhlogo.jpg" alt="NUH SG" title="NUH SG"/></a><a href="https://www.sgh.com.sg/"><img src="/img/users/sgh.png" alt="SGH SG" title="SGH SG"/></a><a href="https://www.ttsh.com.sg/Pages/default.aspx"><img src="/img/users/TTSH_Logo.gif" alt="TTSH SG" title="TTSH SG"/></a><a href="https://www.juronghealthcampus.com.sg/"><img src="/img/users/juronghealth.png" alt="JurongHealth SG" title="JurongHealth SG"/></a><a href="http://www.yzbigdata.com/"><img src="/img/users/yzBigData.png" alt="yzBigData" title="yzBigData"/></a><a href="https://shentilium.com/"><img src="/img/users/shentilium.png" alt="Shentilium" title="Shentilium"/></a><a href="http://www.foodlg.com/"><img src="/img/users/foodlg.png" alt="Foodlg" title="Foodlg"/></a><a href="https://medilot.com/technologies"><img src="/img/users/medilot.svg" alt="Medilot" title="Medilot"/></a><a href="http://www.mzhtechnologies.com/index.html"><img src="/img/users/mzhtech.png" alt="MZH Tech" title="MZH Tech"/></a><a href="https://www.secureage.com/"><img src="/img/users/SecureAge_Logo.png" alt="Secureage Technology" title="Secureage Technology"/></a><a href="https://www.carnegietechnologies.com/"><img src="/img/users/carnegietech.png" alt="Carnegie Technologies" title="Carnegie Technologies"/></a><a href="http://www.cbre.com"><img src="/img/users/CBRE.jpg" alt="CBRE" title="CBRE"/></a><a href="https://noblis.org/"><img src="/img/users/noblis.png" alt="Noblis" title="Noblis"/></a><a href="https://www.citigroup.com/citi/"><img src="/img/users/citigroup-logo.jpg" alt="CitiGroup" title="CitiGroup"/></a></div><p>Is your project using Apache SINGA?</p><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/edit/master/docs-site/website/data/users.js" class="button">Add your logo with a Pull Request</a></div></div></div></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="mainContainer"><div class="container paddingBottom"><div class="wrapper"><div class="showcaseSection"><div class="prose"><h1>Users of Apache SINGA</h1><p>Apache SINGA is used by many projects, especially in healthcare and finance</p></div><div class="logos"><a href="http://tech.163.com/17/0602/17/CLUL016I00098GJ5.html"><img src="/img/users/NetEase.jpg" alt="NetEase" title="NetEase"/></a><a href="https://www.nuh.com.sg/Pages/Home.aspx"><img src="/img/users/nuhlogo.jpg" alt="NUH SG" title="NUH SG"/></a><a href="https://www.sgh.com.sg/"><img src="/img/users/sgh.png" alt="SGH SG" title="SGH SG"/></a><a href="https://www.ttsh.com.sg/Pages/default.aspx"><img src="/img/users/TTSH_Logo.gif" alt="TTSH SG" title="TTSH SG"/></a><a href="https://www.juronghealthcampus.com.sg/"><img src="/img/users/juronghealth.png" alt="JurongHealth SG" title="JurongHealth SG"/></a><a href="http://www.yzbigdata.com/"><img src="/img/users/yzBigData.png" alt="yzBigData" title="yzBigData"/></a><a href="https://shentilium.com/"><img src="/img/users/shentilium.png" alt="Shentilium" title="Shentilium"/></a><a href="http://www.foodlg.com/"><img src="/img/users/foodlg.png" alt="Foodlg" title="Foodlg"/></a><a href="https://medilot.com/technologies"><img src="/img/users/medilot.svg" alt="Medilot" title="Medilot"/></a><a href="http://www.mzhtechnologies.com/index.html"><img src="/img/users/mzhtech.png" alt="MZH Tech" title="MZH Tech"/></a><a href="https://www.secureage.com/"><img src="/img/users/SecureAge_Logo.png" alt="Secureage Technology" title="Secureage Technology"/></a><a href="https://www.carnegietechnologies.com/"><img src="/img/users/carnegietech.png" alt="Carnegie Technologies" title="Carnegie Technologies"/></a><a href="http://www.cbre.com"><img src="/img/users/CBRE.jpg" alt="CBRE" title="CBRE"/></a><a href="https://noblis.org/"><img src="/img/users/noblis.png" alt="Noblis" title="Noblis"/></a><a href="https://www.citigroup.com/citi/"><img src="/img/users/citigroup-logo.jpg" alt="CitiGroup" title="CitiGroup"/></a></div><p>Is your project using Apache SINGA?</p><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/edit/master/docs-site/website/data/users.js" class="button">Add your logo with a Pull Request</a></div></div></div></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/users/index.html b/content/users/index.html
index 34cff03..2bc5aea 100644
--- a/content/users/index.html
+++ b/content/users/index.html
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
{"zIndex":100}
)
});
- </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="mainContainer"><div class="container paddingBottom"><div class="wrapper"><div class="showcaseSection"><div class="prose"><h1>Users of Apache SINGA</h1><p>Apache SINGA is used by many projects, especially in healthcare and finance</p></div><div class="logos"><a href="http://tech.163.com/17/0602/17/CLUL016I00098GJ5.html"><img src="/img/users/NetEase.jpg" alt="NetEase" title="NetEase"/></a><a href="https://www.nuh.com.sg/Pages/Home.aspx"><img src="/img/users/nuhlogo.jpg" alt="NUH SG" title="NUH SG"/></a><a href="https://www.sgh.com.sg/"><img src="/img/users/sgh.png" alt="SGH SG" title="SGH SG"/></a><a href="https://www.ttsh.com.sg/Pages/default.aspx"><img src="/img/users/TTSH_Logo.gif" alt="TTSH SG" title="TTSH SG"/></a><a href="https://www.juronghealthcampus.com.sg/"><img src="/img/users/juronghealth.png" alt="JurongHealth SG" title="JurongHealth SG"/></a><a href="http://www.yzbigdata.com/"><img src="/img/users/yzBigData.png" alt="yzBigData" title="yzBigData"/></a><a href="https://shentilium.com/"><img src="/img/users/shentilium.png" alt="Shentilium" title="Shentilium"/></a><a href="http://www.foodlg.com/"><img src="/img/users/foodlg.png" alt="Foodlg" title="Foodlg"/></a><a href="https://medilot.com/technologies"><img src="/img/users/medilot.svg" alt="Medilot" title="Medilot"/></a><a href="http://www.mzhtechnologies.com/index.html"><img src="/img/users/mzhtech.png" alt="MZH Tech" title="MZH Tech"/></a><a href="https://www.secureage.com/"><img src="/img/users/SecureAge_Logo.png" alt="Secureage Technology" title="Secureage Technology"/></a><a href="https://www.carnegietechnologies.com/"><img src="/img/users/carnegietech.png" alt="Carnegie Technologies" title="Carnegie Technologies"/></a><a href="http://www.cbre.com"><img src="/img/users/CBRE.jpg" alt="CBRE" title="CBRE"/></a><a href="https://noblis.org/"><img src="/img/users/noblis.png" alt="Noblis" title="Noblis"/></a><a href="https://www.citigroup.com/citi/"><img src="/img/users/citigroup-logo.jpg" alt="CitiGroup" title="CitiGroup"/></a></div><p>Is your project using Apache SINGA?</p><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/edit/master/docs-site/website/data/users.js" class="button">Add your logo with a Pull Request</a></div></div></div></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="mainContainer"><div class="container paddingBottom"><div class="wrapper"><div class="showcaseSection"><div class="prose"><h1>Users of Apache SINGA</h1><p>Apache SINGA is used by many projects, especially in healthcare and finance</p></div><div class="logos"><a href="http://tech.163.com/17/0602/17/CLUL016I00098GJ5.html"><img src="/img/users/NetEase.jpg" alt="NetEase" title="NetEase"/></a><a href="https://www.nuh.com.sg/Pages/Home.aspx"><img src="/img/users/nuhlogo.jpg" alt="NUH SG" title="NUH SG"/></a><a href="https://www.sgh.com.sg/"><img src="/img/users/sgh.png" alt="SGH SG" title="SGH SG"/></a><a href="https://www.ttsh.com.sg/Pages/default.aspx"><img src="/img/users/TTSH_Logo.gif" alt="TTSH SG" title="TTSH SG"/></a><a href="https://www.juronghealthcampus.com.sg/"><img src="/img/users/juronghealth.png" alt="JurongHealth SG" title="JurongHealth SG"/></a><a href="http://www.yzbigdata.com/"><img src="/img/users/yzBigData.png" alt="yzBigData" title="yzBigData"/></a><a href="https://shentilium.com/"><img src="/img/users/shentilium.png" alt="Shentilium" title="Shentilium"/></a><a href="http://www.foodlg.com/"><img src="/img/users/foodlg.png" alt="Foodlg" title="Foodlg"/></a><a href="https://medilot.com/technologies"><img src="/img/users/medilot.svg" alt="Medilot" title="Medilot"/></a><a href="http://www.mzhtechnologies.com/index.html"><img src="/img/users/mzhtech.png" alt="MZH Tech" title="MZH Tech"/></a><a href="https://www.secureage.com/"><img src="/img/users/SecureAge_Logo.png" alt="Secureage Technology" title="Secureage Technology"/></a><a href="https://www.carnegietechnologies.com/"><img src="/img/users/carnegietech.png" alt="Carnegie Technologies" title="Carnegie Technologies"/></a><a href="http://www.cbre.com"><img src="/img/users/CBRE.jpg" alt="CBRE" title="CBRE"/></a><a href="https://noblis.org/"><img src="/img/users/noblis.png" alt="Noblis" title="Noblis"/></a><a href="https://www.citigroup.com/citi/"><img src="/img/users/citigroup-logo.jpg" alt="CitiGroup" title="CitiGroup"/></a></div><p>Is your project using Apache SINGA?</p><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc/edit/master/docs-site/website/data/users.js" class="button">Add your logo with a Pull Request</a></div></div></div></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/versions.html b/content/versions.html
index 38bb678..9f2a989 100644
--- a/content/versions.html
+++ b/content/versions.html
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
{"zIndex":100}
)
});
- </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer versionsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><h1>Apache SINGA Versions</h1></header><h3 id="rc">Other Languages</h3><p>Here you can find the documentation of Apache SINGA in other languages</p><table class="versions"><tbody><tr><th>3.3.0_Chinese</th><td><a href="/docs/3.3.0_Chinese/installation">Documentation</a></td></tr><tr><th>3.3.0_Viet</th><td><a href="/docs/3.3.0_Viet/installation">Documentation</a></td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="latest">Current version (Stable)</h3><p>Current stable version of Apache SINGA</p><table class="versions"><tbody><tr><th>3.3.0</th><td><a href="/docs/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.3.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="rc">Pre-release versions</h3><p>Latest unreleased <i>(next)</i> documentation and code of Apache SINGA</p><table class="versions"><tbody><tr><th>master</th><td><a href="/docs/next/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc">Source Code</a></td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="archive">Past Versions</h3><p>Here you can find previous versions of Apache SINGA</p><p>Please refer to <a href="/docs/download-singa#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">this page</a> for detailed release notes of previous versions.</p><table class="versions"><tbody><tr><th>3.2.0</th><td><a href="/docs/3.2.0/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>3.2.0.rc1</th><td><a href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>3.1.0</th><td><a href="/docs/3.1.0/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>3.0.0</th><td><a href="/docs/3.0.0/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>3.0.0.rc1</th><td><a href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>2.0.0</th><td><a href="/docs/2.0.0/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>1.1.0</th><td><a href="/v1.1.0/"> Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>0.3.0</th><td><a href="/v0.3.0/"> Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p>You can find past versions of this project on <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc">GitHub</a>.</p></div></div></div></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2022
+ </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>4.0.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer versionsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><h1>Apache SINGA Versions</h1></header><h3 id="rc">Other Languages</h3><p>Here you can find the documentation of Apache SINGA in other languages</p><table class="versions"><tbody><tr><th>4.0.0_Chinese</th><td><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Chinese/installation">Documentation</a></td></tr><tr><th>4.0.0_Viet</th><td><a href="/docs/4.0.0_Viet/installation">Documentation</a></td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="latest">Current version (Stable)</h3><p>Current stable version of Apache SINGA</p><table class="versions"><tbody><tr><th>4.0.0</th><td><a href="/docs/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_4.0.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="rc">Pre-release versions</h3><p>Latest unreleased <i>(next)</i> documentation and code of Apache SINGA</p><table class="versions"><tbody><tr><th>master</th><td><a href="/docs/next/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc">Source Code</a></td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="archive">Past Versions</h3><p>Here you can find previous versions of Apache SINGA</p><p>Please refer to <a href="/docs/download-singa#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">this page</a> for detailed release notes of previous versions.</p><table class="versions"><tbody><tr><th>3.3.0</th><td><a href="/docs/3.3.0/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.3.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>3.2.0</th><td><a href="/docs/3.2.0/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>3.2.0.rc1</th><td><a href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>3.1.0</th><td><a href="/docs/3.1.0/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>3.0.0</th><td><a href="/docs/3.0.0/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>3.0.0.rc1</th><td><a href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>2.0.0</th><td><a href="/docs/2.0.0/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>1.1.0</th><td><a href="/v1.1.0/"> Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>0.3.0</th><td><a href="/v0.3.0/"> Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p>You can find past versions of this project on <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc">GitHub</a>.</p></div></div></div></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section class="sitemap"><a href="/" class="nav-home"><img src="/img/singa-logo-square.png" alt="Apache SINGA" width="66" height="58"/></a><div><h5>Docs</h5><a href="/docs/installation">Getting Started</a><a href="/docs/device">Guides</a><a href="/https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">API Reference</a><a href="/docs/examples">Examples</a><a href="/docs/download-singa">Development</a></div><div><h5>Community</h5><a href="/users.html">User Showcase</a><a href="/docs/history-singa">SINGA History</a><a href="/docs/team-list">SINGA Team</a><a href="/blog">SINGA News</a><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa">GitHub</a><div class="social"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/apache/singa" data-count-href="/apache/singa/stargazers" data-show-count="true" data-count-aria-label="# stargazers on GitHub" aria-label="Star this project on GitHub">apache/singa-doc</a></div><div class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/ApacheSINGA" class="twitter-follow-button">Follow @ApacheSINGA</a></div></div><div><h5>Apache Software Foundation</h5><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Foundation</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">License</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/sponsorship.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sponsorship</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/foundation/thanks.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Thanks</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/events/current-event" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Events</a><a href="http://www.apache.org/security/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Security</a></div></section><div style="width:100%;text-align:center"><a href="https://apache.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="ApacheOpenSource"><img src="/img/asf_logo_wide.svg" alt="Apache Open Source"/></a><section class="copyright" style="max-width:60%;margin:0 auto">Copyright © 2023
The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved.
Apache SINGA, Apache, the Apache feather logo, and
the Apache SINGA project logos are trademarks of The
diff --git a/content/versions/index.html b/content/versions/index.html
index 38bb678..9f2a989 100644
--- a/content/versions/index.html
+++ b/content/versions/index.html
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
{"zIndex":100}
)
});
- </script><script src="/js/scrollSpy.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css"/><script src="/js/codetabs.js"></script></head><body><div class="fixedHeaderContainer"><div class="headerWrapper wrapper"><header><a href="/"><img class="logo" src="/img/singa.png" alt="Apache SINGA"/></a><a href="/versions"><h3>3.3.0</h3></a><div class="navigationWrapper navigationSlider"><nav class="slidingNav"><ul class="nav-site nav-site-internal"><li class=""><a href="/docs/installation" target="_self">Docs</a></li><li class=""><a href="/docs/source-repository" target="_self">Community</a></li><li class=""><a href="/blog/" target="_self">News</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://apache-singa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_self">API</a></li><li class="navSearchWrapper reactNavSearchWrapper"><input type="text" id="search_input_react" placeholder="Search" title="Search"/></li><li class=""><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa" target="_self">GitHub</a></li></ul></nav></div></header></div></div><div class="navPusher"><div class="docMainWrapper wrapper"><div class="container mainContainer versionsContainer"><div class="wrapper"><div class="post"><header class="postHeader"><h1>Apache SINGA Versions</h1></header><h3 id="rc">Other Languages</h3><p>Here you can find the documentation of Apache SINGA in other languages</p><table class="versions"><tbody><tr><th>3.3.0_Chinese</th><td><a href="/docs/3.3.0_Chinese/installation">Documentation</a></td></tr><tr><th>3.3.0_Viet</th><td><a href="/docs/3.3.0_Viet/installation">Documentation</a></td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="latest">Current version (Stable)</h3><p>Current stable version of Apache SINGA</p><table class="versions"><tbody><tr><th>3.3.0</th><td><a href="/docs/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.3.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="rc">Pre-release versions</h3><p>Latest unreleased <i>(next)</i> documentation and code of Apache SINGA</p><table class="versions"><tbody><tr><th>master</th><td><a href="/docs/next/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc">Source Code</a></td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="archive">Past Versions</h3><p>Here you can find previous versions of Apache SINGA</p><p>Please refer to <a href="/docs/download-singa#incubating-v010-8-october-2015">this page</a> for detailed release notes of previous versions.</p><table class="versions"><tbody><tr><th>3.2.0</th><td><a href="/docs/3.2.0/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>3.2.0.rc1</th><td><a href="/docs/3.2.0.rc1/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.2.0.rc1.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>3.1.0</th><td><a href="/docs/3.1.0/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.1.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>3.0.0</th><td><a href="/docs/3.0.0/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>3.0.0.rc1</th><td><a href="/docs/3.0.0.rc1/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_3.0.0.rc1.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>2.0.0</th><td><a href="/docs/2.0.0/installation">Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_2.0.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>1.1.0</th><td><a href="/v1.1.0/"> Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_1.1.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr><tr><th>0.3.0</th><td><a href="/v0.3.0/"> Documentation</a></td><td><a href="/docs/releases/RELEASE_NOTES_0.3.0.html">Release Notes</a></td></tr></tbody></table><p>You can find past versions of this project on <a href="https://github.com/apache/singa-doc">GitHub</a>.</p></div></div></div></div><footer class="nav-footer" id="footer"><section 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