(doc) Remove base64 implementation, keep UTF-8 codec by default.
diff --git a/lang/src/main/java/org/apache/shiro/codec/Base64.java b/lang/src/main/java/org/apache/shiro/codec/Base64.java
index da31059..b277b13 100644
--- a/lang/src/main/java/org/apache/shiro/codec/Base64.java
+++ b/lang/src/main/java/org/apache/shiro/codec/Base64.java
@@ -39,190 +39,6 @@
 public class Base64 {
 
     /**
-     * Chunk size per RFC 2045 section 6.8.
-     * <p/>
-     * The character limit does not count the trailing CRLF, but counts all other characters, including any
-     * equal signs.
-     *
-     * @see <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt">RFC 2045 section 6.8</a>
-     */
-    static final int CHUNK_SIZE = 76;
-
-    /**
-     * Chunk separator per RFC 2045 section 2.1.
-     *
-     * @see <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt">RFC 2045 section 2.1</a>
-     */
-    static final byte[] CHUNK_SEPARATOR = "\r\n".getBytes();
-
-    /**
-     * The base length.
-     */
-    private static final int BASELENGTH = 255;
-
-    /**
-     * Lookup length.
-     */
-    private static final int LOOKUPLENGTH = 64;
-
-    /**
-     * Used to calculate the number of bits in a byte.
-     */
-    private static final int EIGHTBIT = 8;
-
-    /**
-     * Used when encoding something which has fewer than 24 bits.
-     */
-    private static final int SIXTEENBIT = 16;
-
-    /**
-     * Used to determine how many bits data contains.
-     */
-    private static final int TWENTYFOURBITGROUP = 24;
-
-    /**
-     * Used to get the number of Quadruples.
-     */
-    private static final int FOURBYTE = 4;
-
-    /**
-     * Used to test the sign of a byte.
-     */
-    private static final int SIGN = -128;
-
-    /**
-     * Byte used to pad output.
-     */
-    private static final byte PAD = (byte) '=';
-
-    /**
-     * Contains the Base64 values <code>0</code> through <code>63</code> accessed by using character encodings as
-     * indices.
-     * <p/>
-     * <p>For example, <code>base64Alphabet['+']</code> returns <code>62</code>.</p>
-     * <p/>
-     * <p>The value of undefined encodings is <code>-1</code>.</p>
-     */
-    private static final byte[] base64Alphabet = new byte[BASELENGTH];
-
-    /**
-     * <p>Contains the Base64 encodings <code>A</code> through <code>Z</code>, followed by <code>a</code> through
-     * <code>z</code>, followed by <code>0</code> through <code>9</code>, followed by <code>+</code>, and
-     * <code>/</code>.</p>
-     * <p/>
-     * <p>This array is accessed by using character values as indices.</p>
-     * <p/>
-     * <p>For example, <code>lookUpBase64Alphabet[62] </code> returns <code>'+'</code>.</p>
-     */
-    private static final byte[] lookUpBase64Alphabet = new byte[LOOKUPLENGTH];
-
-    // Populating the lookup and character arrays
-
-    static {
-        for (int i = 0; i < BASELENGTH; i++) {
-            base64Alphabet[i] = (byte) -1;
-        }
-        for (int i = 'Z'; i >= 'A'; i--) {
-            base64Alphabet[i] = (byte) (i - 'A');
-        }
-        for (int i = 'z'; i >= 'a'; i--) {
-            base64Alphabet[i] = (byte) (i - 'a' + 26);
-        }
-        for (int i = '9'; i >= '0'; i--) {
-            base64Alphabet[i] = (byte) (i - '0' + 52);
-        }
-
-        base64Alphabet['+'] = 62;
-        base64Alphabet['/'] = 63;
-
-        for (int i = 0; i <= 25; i++) {
-            lookUpBase64Alphabet[i] = (byte) ('A' + i);
-        }
-
-        for (int i = 26, j = 0; i <= 51; i++, j++) {
-            lookUpBase64Alphabet[i] = (byte) ('a' + j);
-        }
-
-        for (int i = 52, j = 0; i <= 61; i++, j++) {
-            lookUpBase64Alphabet[i] = (byte) ('0' + j);
-        }
-
-        lookUpBase64Alphabet[62] = (byte) '+';
-        lookUpBase64Alphabet[63] = (byte) '/';
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns whether or not the <code>octet</code> is in the base 64 alphabet.
-     *
-     * @param octect The value to test
-     * @return <code>true</code> if the value is defined in the the base 64 alphabet, <code>false</code> otherwise.
-     */
-    private static boolean isBase64(byte octect) {
-        if (octect == PAD) {
-            return true;
-        } else //noinspection RedundantIfStatement
-            if (octect < 0 || base64Alphabet[octect] == -1) {
-                return false;
-            } else {
-                return true;
-            }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Tests a given byte array to see if it contains only valid characters within the Base64 alphabet.
-     *
-     * @param arrayOctect byte array to test
-     * @return <code>true</code> if all bytes are valid characters in the Base64 alphabet or if the byte array is
-     *         empty; false, otherwise
-     */
-    public static boolean isBase64(byte[] arrayOctect) {
-
-        arrayOctect = discardWhitespace(arrayOctect);
-
-        int length = arrayOctect.length;
-        if (length == 0) {
-            // shouldn't a 0 length array be valid base64 data?
-            // return false;
-            return true;
-        }
-        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-            if (!isBase64(arrayOctect[i])) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Discards any whitespace from a base-64 encoded block.
-     *
-     * @param data The base-64 encoded data to discard the whitespace from.
-     * @return The data, less whitespace (see RFC 2045).
-     */
-    static byte[] discardWhitespace(byte[] data) {
-        byte groomedData[] = new byte[data.length];
-        int bytesCopied = 0;
-
-        for (byte aByte : data) {
-            switch (aByte) {
-                case (byte) ' ':
-                case (byte) '\n':
-                case (byte) '\r':
-                case (byte) '\t':
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    groomedData[bytesCopied++] = aByte;
-            }
-        }
-
-        byte packedData[] = new byte[bytesCopied];
-
-        System.arraycopy(groomedData, 0, packedData, 0, bytesCopied);
-
-        return packedData;
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Base64 encodes the specified byte array and then encodes it as a String using Shiro's preferred character
      * encoding (UTF-8).
      *
@@ -235,151 +51,15 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm and chunks the encoded output into 76 character blocks
-     *
-     * @param binaryData binary data to encodeToChars
-     * @return Base64 characters chunked in 76 character blocks
-     */
-    public static byte[] encodeChunked(byte[] binaryData) {
-        return encode(binaryData, true);
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Encodes a byte[] containing binary data, into a byte[] containing characters in the Base64 alphabet.
      *
      * @param pArray a byte array containing binary data
      * @return A byte array containing only Base64 character data
      */
     public static byte[] encode(byte[] pArray) {
-        return encode(pArray, false);
+        return java.util.Base64.getEncoder().encode(pArray);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm, optionally chunking the output into 76 character blocks.
-     *
-     * @param binaryData Array containing binary data to encodeToChars.
-     * @param isChunked  if <code>true</code> this encoder will chunk the base64 output into 76 character blocks
-     * @return Base64-encoded data.
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException Thrown when the input array needs an output array bigger than {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}
-     */
-    public static byte[] encode(byte[] binaryData, boolean isChunked) {
-        long binaryDataLength = binaryData.length;
-        long lengthDataBits = binaryDataLength * EIGHTBIT;
-        long fewerThan24bits = lengthDataBits % TWENTYFOURBITGROUP;
-        long tripletCount = lengthDataBits / TWENTYFOURBITGROUP;
-        long encodedDataLengthLong;
-        int chunckCount = 0;
-
-        if (fewerThan24bits != 0) {
-            // data not divisible by 24 bit
-            encodedDataLengthLong = (tripletCount + 1) * 4;
-        } else {
-            // 16 or 8 bit
-            encodedDataLengthLong = tripletCount * 4;
-        }
-
-        // If the output is to be "chunked" into 76 character sections,
-        // for compliance with RFC 2045 MIME, then it is important to
-        // allow for extra length to account for the separator(s)
-        if (isChunked) {
-
-            chunckCount = (CHUNK_SEPARATOR.length == 0 ? 0 : (int) Math
-                    .ceil((float) encodedDataLengthLong / CHUNK_SIZE));
-            encodedDataLengthLong += chunckCount * CHUNK_SEPARATOR.length;
-        }
-
-        if (encodedDataLengthLong > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                    "Input array too big, output array would be bigger than Integer.MAX_VALUE=" + Integer.MAX_VALUE);
-        }
-        int encodedDataLength = (int) encodedDataLengthLong;
-        byte encodedData[] = new byte[encodedDataLength];
-
-        byte k, l, b1, b2, b3;
-
-        int encodedIndex = 0;
-        int dataIndex;
-        int i;
-        int nextSeparatorIndex = CHUNK_SIZE;
-        int chunksSoFar = 0;
-
-        // log.debug("number of triplets = " + numberTriplets);
-        for (i = 0; i < tripletCount; i++) {
-            dataIndex = i * 3;
-            b1 = binaryData[dataIndex];
-            b2 = binaryData[dataIndex + 1];
-            b3 = binaryData[dataIndex + 2];
-
-            // log.debug("b1= " + b1 +", b2= " + b2 + ", b3= " + b3);
-
-            l = (byte) (b2 & 0x0f);
-            k = (byte) (b1 & 0x03);
-
-            byte val1 = ((b1 & SIGN) == 0) ? (byte) (b1 >> 2) : (byte) ((b1) >> 2 ^ 0xc0);
-            byte val2 = ((b2 & SIGN) == 0) ? (byte) (b2 >> 4) : (byte) ((b2) >> 4 ^ 0xf0);
-            byte val3 = ((b3 & SIGN) == 0) ? (byte) (b3 >> 6) : (byte) ((b3) >> 6 ^ 0xfc);
-
-            encodedData[encodedIndex] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[val1];
-            // log.debug( "val2 = " + val2 );
-            // log.debug( "k4 = " + (k<<4) );
-            // log.debug( "vak = " + (val2 | (k<<4)) );
-            encodedData[encodedIndex + 1] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[val2 | (k << 4)];
-            encodedData[encodedIndex + 2] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[(l << 2) | val3];
-            encodedData[encodedIndex + 3] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[b3 & 0x3f];
-
-            encodedIndex += 4;
-
-            // If we are chunking, let's put a chunk separator down.
-            if (isChunked) {
-                // this assumes that CHUNK_SIZE % 4 == 0
-                if (encodedIndex == nextSeparatorIndex) {
-                    System.arraycopy(CHUNK_SEPARATOR, 0, encodedData, encodedIndex, CHUNK_SEPARATOR.length);
-                    chunksSoFar++;
-                    nextSeparatorIndex = (CHUNK_SIZE * (chunksSoFar + 1)) + (chunksSoFar * CHUNK_SEPARATOR.length);
-                    encodedIndex += CHUNK_SEPARATOR.length;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // form integral number of 6-bit groups
-        dataIndex = i * 3;
-
-        if (fewerThan24bits == EIGHTBIT) {
-            b1 = binaryData[dataIndex];
-            k = (byte) (b1 & 0x03);
-            // log.debug("b1=" + b1);
-            // log.debug("b1<<2 = " + (b1>>2) );
-            byte val1 = ((b1 & SIGN) == 0) ? (byte) (b1 >> 2) : (byte) ((b1) >> 2 ^ 0xc0);
-            encodedData[encodedIndex] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[val1];
-            encodedData[encodedIndex + 1] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[k << 4];
-            encodedData[encodedIndex + 2] = PAD;
-            encodedData[encodedIndex + 3] = PAD;
-        } else if (fewerThan24bits == SIXTEENBIT) {
-
-            b1 = binaryData[dataIndex];
-            b2 = binaryData[dataIndex + 1];
-            l = (byte) (b2 & 0x0f);
-            k = (byte) (b1 & 0x03);
-
-            byte val1 = ((b1 & SIGN) == 0) ? (byte) (b1 >> 2) : (byte) ((b1) >> 2 ^ 0xc0);
-            byte val2 = ((b2 & SIGN) == 0) ? (byte) (b2 >> 4) : (byte) ((b2) >> 4 ^ 0xf0);
-
-            encodedData[encodedIndex] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[val1];
-            encodedData[encodedIndex + 1] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[val2 | (k << 4)];
-            encodedData[encodedIndex + 2] = lookUpBase64Alphabet[l << 2];
-            encodedData[encodedIndex + 3] = PAD;
-        }
-
-        if (isChunked) {
-            // we also add a separator to the end of the final chunk.
-            if (chunksSoFar < chunckCount) {
-                System.arraycopy(CHUNK_SEPARATOR, 0, encodedData, encodedDataLength - CHUNK_SEPARATOR.length,
-                        CHUNK_SEPARATOR.length);
-            }
-        }
-
-        return encodedData;
-    }
 
     /**
      * Converts the specified UTF-8 Base64 encoded String and decodes it to a resultant UTF-8 encoded string.
@@ -421,86 +101,7 @@
      * @return Array containing decoded data.
      */
     public static byte[] decode(byte[] base64Data) {
-        // RFC 2045 requires that we discard ALL non-Base64 characters
-        base64Data = discardNonBase64(base64Data);
-
-        // handle the edge case, so we don't have to worry about it later
-        if (base64Data.length == 0) {
-            return new byte[0];
-        }
-
-        int numberQuadruple = base64Data.length / FOURBYTE;
-        byte decodedData[];
-        byte b1, b2, b3, b4, marker0, marker1;
-
-        // Throw away anything not in base64Data
-
-        int encodedIndex = 0;
-        int dataIndex;
-        {
-            // this sizes the output array properly - rlw
-            int lastData = base64Data.length;
-            // ignore the '=' padding
-            while (base64Data[lastData - 1] == PAD) {
-                if (--lastData == 0) {
-                    return new byte[0];
-                }
-            }
-            decodedData = new byte[lastData - numberQuadruple];
-        }
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < numberQuadruple; i++) {
-            dataIndex = i * 4;
-            marker0 = base64Data[dataIndex + 2];
-            marker1 = base64Data[dataIndex + 3];
-
-            b1 = base64Alphabet[base64Data[dataIndex]];
-            b2 = base64Alphabet[base64Data[dataIndex + 1]];
-
-            if (marker0 != PAD && marker1 != PAD) {
-                // No PAD e.g 3cQl
-                b3 = base64Alphabet[marker0];
-                b4 = base64Alphabet[marker1];
-
-                decodedData[encodedIndex] = (byte) (b1 << 2 | b2 >> 4);
-                decodedData[encodedIndex + 1] = (byte) (((b2 & 0xf) << 4) | ((b3 >> 2) & 0xf));
-                decodedData[encodedIndex + 2] = (byte) (b3 << 6 | b4);
-            } else if (marker0 == PAD) {
-                // Two PAD e.g. 3c[Pad][Pad]
-                decodedData[encodedIndex] = (byte) (b1 << 2 | b2 >> 4);
-            } else {
-                // One PAD e.g. 3cQ[Pad]
-                b3 = base64Alphabet[marker0];
-                decodedData[encodedIndex] = (byte) (b1 << 2 | b2 >> 4);
-                decodedData[encodedIndex + 1] = (byte) (((b2 & 0xf) << 4) | ((b3 >> 2) & 0xf));
-            }
-            encodedIndex += 3;
-        }
-        return decodedData;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Discards any characters outside of the base64 alphabet, per the requirements on page 25 of RFC 2045 - "Any
-     * characters outside of the base64 alphabet are to be ignored in base64 encoded data."
-     *
-     * @param data The base-64 encoded data to groom
-     * @return The data, less non-base64 characters (see RFC 2045).
-     */
-    static byte[] discardNonBase64(byte[] data) {
-        byte groomedData[] = new byte[data.length];
-        int bytesCopied = 0;
-
-        for (byte aByte : data) {
-            if (isBase64(aByte)) {
-                groomedData[bytesCopied++] = aByte;
-            }
-        }
-
-        byte packedData[] = new byte[bytesCopied];
-
-        System.arraycopy(groomedData, 0, packedData, 0, bytesCopied);
-
-        return packedData;
+        return java.util.Base64.getDecoder().decode(base64Data);
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/web/src/test/java/org/apache/shiro/web/mgt/CookieRememberMeManagerTest.java b/web/src/test/java/org/apache/shiro/web/mgt/CookieRememberMeManagerTest.java
index c4d0963..b55a620 100644
--- a/web/src/test/java/org/apache/shiro/web/mgt/CookieRememberMeManagerTest.java
+++ b/web/src/test/java/org/apache/shiro/web/mgt/CookieRememberMeManagerTest.java
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@
         CookieRememberMeManager mgr = new CookieRememberMeManager();
         try {
             mgr.getRememberedPrincipals(context);
-        } catch (CryptoException expected) {
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
             return;
         }
         fail("CryptoException was expected to be thrown");