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| <div class="page-header"> |
| <h1>Java Cryptography Guide</h1> |
| </div> |
| |
| |
| <div class="admonitionblock tip"> |
| <table> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <div class="title">Handy Hint</div> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| <div class="title">Shiro v1 version notice</div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>As of 2024-02-28, Shiro v1 will soon be superseded by v2.<p> |
| </div> |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div id="toc" class="toc"> |
| <div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div> |
| <ul class="sectlevel1"> |
| <li><a href="#elements_of_cryptography">Elements of Cryptography</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#ciphers_defined">Ciphers Defined</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#hashes_defined">Hashes Defined</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#cipher_features">Cipher Features</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#shiros_cipherservice_interface">Shiro’s CipherService Interface</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| <li><a href="#hash_features">Hash Features</a> |
| <ul class="sectlevel2"> |
| <li><a href="#shiros_hash_interface">Shiro’s Hash Interface</a></li> |
| <li><a href="#examples_of_how_to_use_hashes_in_your_code">Examples of how to use Hashes in your code</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div id="preamble"> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Cryptography is the protecting of information from undesired access by hiding it or converting it into nonsense so that no one can read it.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Shiro is a major part of Shiro because we wanted to provide you with simplicity on what is typically a very complex topic. |
| For example, the Java Cryptography Extension (JCE) already handles cryptography in a Java environment but is very difficult to learn and use. |
| So we grabbed the concepts made available by the JCE API and make them available to us mortals. |
| In addition, all the calls in the JCE are procedural which doesn’t fit in Java’s Object-Oriented paradigm. |
| So in Shiro, our cryptography features are all object-oriented.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="elements_of_cryptography">Elements of Cryptography</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>cryptography has two core elements in Shiro– ciphers and hashes.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="ciphers_defined">Ciphers Defined</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Ciphers are algorithms that can either encrypt or decrypt based on public or private key pair. And there are two different types of ciphers:</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="ulist"> |
| <ul> |
| <li> |
| <p>Symmetric Cipher - encrypts and decrypts using the same key.</p> |
| </li> |
| <li> |
| <p>Asymmetric Cipher - uses different keys for encryption and decryption.</p> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Both cipher type are support in Shiro.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="hashes_defined">Hashes Defined</h3> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>A hash is a one-way irreversible conversion of an input source. In the JDK, a hash is referred to as a message digest. A cryptographic hash and a message digests are the same thing and both terms or correct.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect3"> |
| <h4 id="common_uses_for_hashes">Common uses for Hashes</h4> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>Hashes are often used to transforms credentials like passwords or biometric data. It’s a one way transformation, so you can never see what the original value was. This is a very safe way of storing passwords so that no one other than the user will ever know a password, even if your system is compromised.</p> |
| </div> |
| <div class="paragraph"> |
| <p>In addition, Shiro’s hashes can be used with any type of data with an underlying byte array. Examples of this data include files, streams, byte arrays, strings, and character arrays.</p> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="cipher_features">Cipher Features</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="shiros_cipherservice_interface">Shiro’s CipherService Interface</h3> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-java hljs" data-lang="java">public interface CipherService { |
| |
| ByteSource encrypt( byte[] raw, byte[] key); |
| |
| void encrypt(InputStream in, OutputStream out, byte[] key); |
| |
| ByteSource decrypt( byte[] cipherText, byte[] key); |
| |
| void decrypt(InputStream in, OutputStream out, byte[] key); |
| }</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect1"> |
| <h2 id="hash_features">Hash Features</h2> |
| <div class="sectionbody"> |
| <div class="admonitionblock tip"> |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <i class="fa icon-tip" title="Tip"></i> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| Salts are important when hashing… |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="admonitionblock tip"> |
| <table> |
| <tr> |
| <td class="icon"> |
| <i class="fa icon-tip" title="Tip"></i> |
| </td> |
| <td class="content"> |
| Repeated hashes are important when hashing … |
| </td> |
| </tr> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="shiros_hash_interface">Shiro’s Hash Interface</h3> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-java hljs" data-lang="java">public interface Hash { |
| byte[] getBytes(); |
| String toHex(); |
| String toBase64(); |
| }</code></pre> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| <div class="sect2"> |
| <h3 id="examples_of_how_to_use_hashes_in_your_code">Examples of how to use Hashes in your code</h3> |
| <div class="listingblock"> |
| <div class="content"> |
| <pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-java hljs" data-lang="java">//some examples: |
| new Md5Hash("foo").toHex(); |
| |
| //File MD5 Hash value for checksum: |
| new MD5Hash( aFile ).toHex(); |
| |
| //store a password, but not raw: |
| new Sha256(aPassword, salt, 1024).toBase64();</code></pre> |
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