blob: ee61238e0c0b899ef853aaa2bdf9a05b17dad280 [file] [log] [blame]
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" class="js csstransforms3d">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no">
<meta name="generator" content="Hugo 0.70.0" />
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="buildDate" content="2021-04-01 15:51:04">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/img/favicon.png" type="image/x-icon" />
<title>Sharding :: ShardingSphere</title>
<link href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/css/nucleus.css?1617263464" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/css/font-awesome.min.css?1617263464" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/css/hybrid.css?1617263464" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/css/featherlight.min.css?1617263464" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1617263464" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/css/auto-complete.css?1617263464" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/css/theme.css?1617263464" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/css/hugo-theme.css?1617263464" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/css/theme-black.css?1617263464" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/js/jquery-2.x.min.js?1617263464"></script>
<style type="text/css">
:root #header + #content > #left > #rlblock_left{
display:none !important;
}
</style>
</head>
<body class="" data-url="/en/features/sharding/concept/sharding/">
<nav id="sidebar" class="">
<div id="header-wrapper">
<div id="header">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/"><img src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/img/logo_v2.png" /></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="highlightable">
<ul class="topics">
<li data-nav-id="/en/overview/" title="Overview" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/overview/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>1. </b>Overview
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/quick-start/" title="Quick Start" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/quick-start/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>2. </b>Quick Start
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/quick-start/shardingsphere-jdbc-quick-start/" title="ShardingSphere-JDBC" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/quick-start/shardingsphere-jdbc-quick-start/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>2.1. </b>ShardingSphere-JDBC
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/quick-start/shardingsphere-proxy-quick-start/" title="ShardingSphere-Proxy" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/quick-start/shardingsphere-proxy-quick-start/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>2.2. </b>ShardingSphere-Proxy
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/quick-start/shardingsphere-scaling-quick-start/" title="ShardingSphere-Scaling(Alpha)" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/quick-start/shardingsphere-scaling-quick-start/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>2.3. </b>ShardingSphere-Scaling(Alpha)
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/" title="Concepts &amp; Features" class="dd-item
parent
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3. </b>Concepts &amp; Features
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item
parent
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.1. </b>Sharding
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/concept/" title="Core Concept" class="dd-item
parent
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.1.1. </b>Core Concept
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/concept/sql/" title="SQL" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/sql/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
SQL
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/concept/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item active">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/concept/configuration/" title="Configuration" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/configuration/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Configuration
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/concept/inline-expression/" title="Inline Expression" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/inline-expression/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Inline Expression
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/concept/key-generator/" title="Distributed Primary Key" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/key-generator/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Distributed Primary Key
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/concept/hint/" title="Hint Sharding Route" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/hint/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Hint Sharding Route
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/principle/" title="Guide to Kernel" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/principle/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.1.2. </b>Guide to Kernel
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/principle/parse/" title="Parse Engine" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/principle/parse/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Parse Engine
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/principle/route/" title="Route Engine" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/principle/route/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Route Engine
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/principle/rewrite/" title="Rewrite Engine" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/principle/rewrite/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Rewrite Engine
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/principle/execute/" title="Execute Engine" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/principle/execute/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Execute Engine
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/principle/merge/" title="Merger Engine" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/principle/merge/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Merger Engine
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/use-norms/" title="Use Norms" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/use-norms/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.1.3. </b>Use Norms
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/use-norms/sql/" title="SQL" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/use-norms/sql/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
SQL
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/use-norms/pagination/" title="Pagination" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/use-norms/pagination/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Pagination
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/" title="Distributed Transaction" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.2. </b>Distributed Transaction
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/concept/" title="Core Concept" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/concept/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.2.1. </b>Core Concept
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/concept/2pc-xa-transaction/" title="XA Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/concept/2pc-xa-transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
XA Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/concept/base-transaction-seata/" title="Seata BASE transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/concept/base-transaction-seata/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Seata BASE transaction
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/principle/" title="Principle" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/principle/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.2.2. </b>Principle
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/principle/2pc-xa-transaction/" title="XA Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/principle/2pc-xa-transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
XA Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/principle/base-transaction-seata/" title="Seata BASE transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/principle/base-transaction-seata/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Seata BASE transaction
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/use-norms/" title="Use Norms" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/use-norms/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.2.3. </b>Use Norms
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/use-norms/local-transaction/" title="Local Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/use-norms/local-transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Local Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/use-norms/2pc-xa-transaction/" title="XA transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/use-norms/2pc-xa-transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
XA transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/use-norms/base-transaction-seata/" title="Seata BASE transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/use-norms/base-transaction-seata/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Seata BASE transaction
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/read-write-splitting/" title="Replica query" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/read-write-splitting/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.3. </b>Replica query
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/read-write-splitting/concept/" title="Core Concept" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/read-write-splitting/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.3.1. </b>Core Concept
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/read-write-splitting/use-norms/" title="Use Norms" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/read-write-splitting/use-norms/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.3.2. </b>Use Norms
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/governance/" title="Governance" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/governance/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.4. </b>Governance
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/governance/management/" title="Management" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/governance/management/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.4.1 </b>Management
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/governance/management/config-center/" title="Config Center" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/governance/management/config-center/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Config Center
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/governance/management/registry-center/" title="Registry Center" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/governance/management/registry-center/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Registry Center
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/governance/management/dependency/" title="Third-party Components" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/governance/management/dependency/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Third-party Components
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/governance/observability/" title="Observability" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/governance/observability/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.4.2 </b>Observability
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/governance/observability/apm-integration/" title="APM Integration" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/governance/observability/apm-integration/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
APM Integration
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/governance/observability/agnet/" title="Agent Integration" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/governance/observability/agnet/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Agent Integration
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/scaling/" title="Scaling" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/scaling/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.5. </b>Scaling
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/scaling/concept/" title="Core Concept" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/scaling/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.5.1. </b>Core Concept
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/scaling/principle/" title="Principle" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/scaling/principle/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.5.2. </b>Principle
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/scaling/use-norms/" title="User Norms" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/scaling/use-norms/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.5.3. </b>User Norms
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/encrypt/" title="Encryption" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/encrypt/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.6. </b>Encryption
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/encrypt/concept/" title="Core Concept" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/encrypt/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.6.1. </b>Core Concept
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/encrypt/principle/" title="Principle" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/encrypt/principle/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.6.2. </b>Principle
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/encrypt/use-norms/" title="Use Norms" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/encrypt/use-norms/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.6.3. </b>Use Norms
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/shadow/" title="Shadow DB" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/shadow/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.7. </b>Shadow DB
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/shadow/concept/" title="Core Concept" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/shadow/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.7.1. </b>Core Concept
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/shadow/principle/" title="Principle" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/shadow/principle/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.7.2. </b>Principle
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/" title="Dist SQL" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.8. </b>Dist SQL
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/rdl/" title="RDL" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/rdl/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
RDL
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/rql/" title="RQL" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/rql/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
RQL
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/sctl/" title="SCTL" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/sctl/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
SCTL
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/pluggable-architecture/" title="Pluggable Architecture" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/pluggable-architecture/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>3.9. </b>Pluggable Architecture
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/test-engine/" title="Test Engine" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/test-engine/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.10. </b>Test Engine
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/test-engine/integration-test/" title="Integration Test" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/test-engine/integration-test/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.9.1. </b>Integration Test
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/test-engine/parser-test/" title="SQL Parser Test" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/test-engine/parser-test/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.9.2. </b>SQL Parser Test
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/test-engine/rewrite-test/" title="SQL Rewrite Test" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/test-engine/rewrite-test/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.9.3. </b>SQL Rewrite Test
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/test-engine/performance-test/" title="Performance Test" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/test-engine/performance-test/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.9.4. </b>Performance Test
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/" title="User Manual" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4. </b>User Manual
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/" title="ShardingSphere-JDBC" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.1. </b>ShardingSphere-JDBC
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/" title="Usage" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.1.1. </b>Usage
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/" title="Data Sharding" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Data Sharding
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/java-api/" title="Use Java API" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/java-api/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Java API
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/yaml/" title="Use YAML" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/yaml/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use YAML
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/spring-boot-starter/" title="Use Spring Boot Starter" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/spring-boot-starter/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Spring Boot Starter
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/spring-namespace/" title="Use Spring Namespace" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/spring-namespace/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Spring Namespace
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/hint/" title="Hint" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/hint/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Hint
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/" title="Transaction" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Transaction
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/java-api/" title="Use Java API" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/java-api/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Java API
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/spring-boot-starter/" title="Use Spring Boot Starter" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/spring-boot-starter/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Spring Boot Starter
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/spring-namespace/" title="Use Spring Namespace" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/spring-namespace/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Spring Namespace
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/atomikos/" title="Atomikos Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/atomikos/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Atomikos Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/bitronix/" title="Bitronix Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/bitronix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Bitronix Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/narayana/" title="Narayana Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/narayana/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Narayana Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/seata/" title="Seata Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/seata/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Seata Transaction
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/" title="Governance" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Governance
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/java-api/" title="Use Java API" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/java-api/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Java API
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/yaml/" title="Use YAML" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/yaml/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use YAML
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/spring-boot-starter/" title="Use Spring Boot Starter" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/spring-boot-starter/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Spring Boot Starter
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/spring-namespace/" title="Use Spring Namespace" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/spring-namespace/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Spring Namespace
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/" title="Configuration Manual" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.1.2. </b>Configuration Manual
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/" title="Java API" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Java API
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/read-write-splitting/" title="Read write splitting" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/read-write-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Read write splitting
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/encrypt/" title="Encryption" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encryption
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/shadow/" title="Shadow DB" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Shadow DB
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/governance/" title="Governance" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Governance
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/mix/" title="Mixed Rules" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/mix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Mixed Rules
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/change-history/" title="Change History" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/change-history/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Change History
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/" title="YAML Configuration" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
YAML Configuration
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/read-write-splitting/" title="Read write splitting" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/read-write-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Read write splitting
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/encrypt/" title="Encryption" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encryption
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/shadow/" title="Shadow DB" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Shadow DB
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/governance/" title="Governance" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Governance
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/mix/" title="Mixed Rules" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/mix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Mixed Rules
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/change-history/" title="Change History" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/change-history/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Change History
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/" title="Spring Boot Starter Configuration" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Spring Boot Starter Configuration
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/read-write-splitting/" title="Read write splitting" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/read-write-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Read write splitting
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/encrypt/" title="Encryption" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encryption
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/shadow/" title="Shadow DB" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Shadow DB
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/governance/" title="Governance" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Governance
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/mix/" title="Mixed Rules" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/mix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Mixed Rules
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/change-history/" title="Change History" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/change-history/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Change History
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/" title="Spring Namespace Configuration" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Spring Namespace Configuration
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/read-write-splitting/" title="Read write splitting" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/read-write-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Read write splitting
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/encrypt/" title="Encryption" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encryption
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/shadow/" title="Shadow DB" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Shadow DB
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/governance/" title="Governance" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Governance
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/mix/" title="Mixed Rules" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/mix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Mixed Rules
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/change-history/" title="Change History" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/change-history/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Change History
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/" title="Built-in Algorithm" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Built-in Algorithm
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/sharding/" title="Sharding Algorithm" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding Algorithm
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/keygen/" title="Key Generate Algorithm" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/keygen/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Key Generate Algorithm
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/load-balance/" title="Load Balance Algorithm" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/load-balance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Load Balance Algorithm
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/encrypt/" title="Encryption Algorithm" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encryption Algorithm
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/props/" title="Properties Configuration" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/props/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Properties Configuration
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/unsupported-items/" title="Unsupported Items" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/unsupported-items/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>4.1.3. </b>Unsupported Items
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/" title="ShardingSphere-Proxy" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.2. </b>ShardingSphere-Proxy
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/" title="Usage" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.2.1. </b>Usage
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/startup/" title="Proxy Startup" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/startup/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Proxy Startup
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/governance/" title="Governance" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Governance
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/transaction/" title="Distributed Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Distributed Transaction
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/" title="Configuration Manual" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.2.2. </b>Configuration Manual
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/data-source/" title="Data Source Configuration" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/data-source/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Data Source Configuration
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/authentication/" title="Authentication" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/authentication/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Authentication
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/props/" title="Properties Configuration" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/props/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Properties Configuration
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/yaml-syntax/" title="YAML Syntax" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/yaml-syntax/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
YAML Syntax
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/docker/" title="Docker Clone" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/docker/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>4.2.3. </b>Docker Clone
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-sidecar/" title="ShardingSphere-Sidecar" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-sidecar/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>4.3. </b>ShardingSphere-Sidecar
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/" title="ShardingSphere-Scaling" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.4. </b>ShardingSphere-Scaling
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/build/" title="Build" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/build/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>4.4.1. </b>Build
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/usage/" title="Manual" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/usage/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>4.4.2. </b>Manual
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/" title="ShardingSphere-UI" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.5. </b>ShardingSphere-UI
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/" title="Manual" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.5.1. </b>Manual
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/build/" title="Build" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/build/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Build
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/registry-center/" title="Registry Center" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/registry-center/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Registry Center
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/rule-config/" title="Rule Config" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/rule-config/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Rule Config
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/runtime-status/" title="Runtime Status" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/runtime-status/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Runtime Status
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/" title="Dev Manual" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>5. </b>Dev Manual
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/sql-parser/" title="SQL Parser" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/sql-parser/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.1. </b>SQL Parser
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/configuration/" title="Configuration" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/configuration/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.2. </b>Configuration
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/kernel/" title="Kernel" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/kernel/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.3. </b>Kernel
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/sharding/" title="Data Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.4. </b>Data Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/read-write-splitting/" title="Read write splitting" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/read-write-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.5. </b>Read write splitting
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/data-encryption/" title="Data Encryption" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/data-encryption/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.6. </b>Data Encryption
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/sql-audit/" title="SQL Audit" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/sql-audit/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.7. </b>SQL Audit
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/transaction/" title="Distributed Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.8. </b>Distributed Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/governance/" title="Distributed Governance" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.9. </b>Distributed Governance
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/scaling/" title="Scaling" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/scaling/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.10. </b>Scaling
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/proxy/" title="Proxy" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/proxy/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.11. </b>Proxy
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/downloads/" title="Downloads" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/downloads/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>6. </b>Downloads
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/faq/" title="FAQ" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/faq/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>7. </b>FAQ
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<section id="prefooter">
<hr/>
<ul>
<li>
<a class="padding">
<i class="fa fa-fw fa-language"></i>
<div class="select-style">
<select id="select-language" onchange="location = this.value;">
<option id="en" value="/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/sharding/" selected>English</option>
<option id="cn" value="/document/current/cn/features/sharding/concept/sharding/">简体中文</option>
</select>
<svg version="1.1" id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px"
width="255px" height="255px" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255;" xml:space="preserve">
<g>
<g id="arrow-drop-down">
<polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75 " />
</g>
</g>
</svg>
</div>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<hr />
<a class="padding" href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/pdf/shardingsphere_docs_en.pdf">
<i class="fa fa-fw fa-file-pdf-o" ></i>&nbsp;Download PDF&nbsp;&nbsp;
</a>
<section id="footer">
<p></p>
</section>
</div>
</nav>
<section id="body">
<div id="overlay"></div>
<div class="padding highlightable">
<div>
<div id="top-bar">
<div id="top-github-link">
<a class="github-link" title='Edit this page' href="https://github.com/apache/shardingsphere/tree/master/docs/document/content/features/sharding/concept/sharding.en.md" target="blank">
<i class="fa fa-code-fork"></i>
<span id="top-github-link-text">Edit this page</span>
</a>
</div>
<div id="breadcrumbs" itemscope="" itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb">
<span id="sidebar-toggle-span">
<a href="#" id="sidebar-toggle" data-sidebar-toggle="">
<i class="fa fa-bars"></i>
</a>
</span>
<span id="toc-menu"><i class="fa fa-list-alt"></i></span>
<span class="links">
<a href='https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/'>ShardingSphere</a> > <a href='https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/'>Concepts & Features</a> > <a href='https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/'>Sharding</a> > <a href='https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/'>Core Concept</a> > Sharding
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="body-inner">
<h1>Sharding</h1>
<nav id="TableOfContents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#sharding-key">Sharding Key</a></li>
<li><a href="#sharding-algorithm">Sharding Algorithm</a></li>
<li><a href="#sharding-strategy">Sharding Strategy</a></li>
<li><a href="#sql-hint">SQL Hint</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<h2 id="sharding-key">Sharding Key</h2>
<p>The database field used in sharding refers to the key field in horizontal sharding of the database (table).
For example, in last number modulo of order ID sharding, order ID is taken as the sharding key.
The full route executed when there is no sharding field in SQL has a poor performance.
Besides single sharding column, Apache ShardingSphere also supports multiple sharding columns.</p>
<h2 id="sharding-algorithm">Sharding Algorithm</h2>
<p>Data sharding can be achieved by sharding algorithms through <code>=</code>, <code>&gt;=</code>, <code>&lt;=</code>, <code>&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;</code>, <code>BETWEEN</code> and <code>IN</code>.
They need to be implemented by developers themselves and can be highly flexible.</p>
<p>Currently, 4 kinds of sharding algorithms are available.
Since the sharding algorithm and business achievement are closely related, it extracts all kinds of scenarios by sharding strategies, instead of providing built-in sharding algorithms.
Therefore, it can provide higher abstraction and the interface for developers to implement sharding algorithm by themselves.</p>
<ul>
<li>Standard Sharding Algorithm</li>
</ul>
<p><code>StandardShardingAlgorithm</code> is to process the sharding case in which single sharding keys <code>=</code>, <code>IN</code>, <code>BETWEEN AND</code>, <code>&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;</code>, <code>&gt;=</code>, <code>&lt;=</code> are used; <code>StandardShardingStrategy</code> needs to be used together.</p>
<ul>
<li>Complex Keys Sharding Algorithm</li>
</ul>
<p><code>ComplexKeysShardingAlgorithm</code> is to process the sharding case in which multiple sharding keys are used; <code>ComplexShardingStrategy</code> needs to be used together.
It has a relatively complex logic that requires developers to deal by themselves.</p>
<ul>
<li>Hint Sharding Algorithm</li>
</ul>
<p><code>HintShardingAlgorithm</code> is to process the sharding case in which Hint is used; <code>HintShardingStrategy</code>needs to be used together.</p>
<h2 id="sharding-strategy">Sharding Strategy</h2>
<p>It includes the sharding key and the sharding algorithm, and the latter one is extracted out for its independence.
Only sharding key + sharding algorithm, i.e., the sharding strategy, can be used in sharding operation. For now, 5 kinds of sharding strategies are available.</p>
<ul>
<li>Standard Sharding Strategy</li>
</ul>
<p><code>StandardShardingStrategy</code> provides support for the sharding operation of <code>=</code>, <code>&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;</code>, <code>&gt;=</code>, <code>&lt;=</code>, <code>IN</code> and <code>BETWEEN AND</code> in SQL.
<code>StandardShardingStrategy</code> only supports single sharding keys and provides two sharding algorithms of <code>PreciseShardingAlgorithm</code> and <code>RangeShardingAlgorithm</code>.
<code>PreciseShardingAlgorithm</code> is compulsory and used to operate the sharding of <code>=</code> and <code>IN</code>.
<code>RangeShardingAlgorithm</code> is optional and used to operate the sharding of <code>BETWEEN AND</code>, <code>&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;</code>, <code>&gt;=</code>, <code>&lt;=</code>.
<code>BETWEEN AND</code> in SQL will operate by way of all data node route without the configuration of <code>RangeShardingAlgorithm</code>.</p>
<ul>
<li>Complex Sharding Strategy</li>
</ul>
<p><code>ComplexShardingStrategy</code> provides support for the sharding operation of <code>=</code>, <code>&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;</code>, <code>&gt;=</code>, <code>&lt;=</code>, <code>IN</code> and <code>BETWEEN AND</code> in SQL.
<code>ComplexShardingStrategy</code> supports multiple sharding keys, but since their relationships are so complex that there is not too much encapsulation,
the combination of sharding keys and sharding operators are in the algorithm interface and achieved by developers with the most flexibility.</p>
<ul>
<li>Hint Sharding Strategy</li>
</ul>
<p><code>HintShardingStrategy</code> refers to the sharding strategy which get sharding values by hint rather than extracted from SQL.</p>
<ul>
<li>None sharding strategy</li>
</ul>
<p><code>NoneShardingStrategy</code> refers to the strategy with no sharding.</p>
<h2 id="sql-hint">SQL Hint</h2>
<p>In the case that the <code>ShardingColumn</code> is not decided by SQL but other external conditions, SQL hint can be used flexibly to inject <code>ShardingColumn</code>.
For example, in the internal system, databases are divided according to the staff’s ID, but this column does not exist in the database.
SQL Hint can be used by two ways, Java API and SQL comment (to do).
Please refer to <a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/hint/">Hint</a> for more details.</p>
<footer class=" footline" >
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<div id="navigation">
<a class="nav nav-prev" href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/sql/" title="SQL"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a>
<a class="nav nav-next" href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/configuration/" title="Configuration" style="margin-right: 0px;"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a>
</div>
</section>
<div style="left: -1000px; overflow: scroll; position: absolute; top: -1000px; border: none; box-sizing: content-box; height: 200px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 200px;">
<div style="border: none; box-sizing: content-box; height: 200px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 200px;"></div>
</div>
<script src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/js/clipboard.min.js?1617263464"></script>
<script src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1617263464"></script>
<script src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1617263464"></script>
<script src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/js/jquery.sticky.js?1617263464"></script>
<script src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/js/featherlight.min.js?1617263464"></script>
<script src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/js/html5shiv-printshiv.min.js?1617263464"></script>
<script src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/js/highlight.pack.js?1617263464"></script>
<script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script>
<script src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/js/modernizr.custom.71422.js?1617263464"></script>
<script src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/js/learn.js?1617263464"></script>
<script src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/js/hugo-learn.js?1617263464"></script>
</body>
</html>