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<li data-nav-id="/en/overview/" title="Overview" class="dd-item
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<b>1. </b>Overview
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<b>2. </b>Quick Start
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<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/quick-start/shardingsphere-jdbc-quick-start/" title="ShardingSphere-JDBC" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/quick-start/shardingsphere-jdbc-quick-start/">
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<b>2.1. </b>ShardingSphere-JDBC
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/quick-start/shardingsphere-proxy-quick-start/" title="ShardingSphere-Proxy" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/quick-start/shardingsphere-proxy-quick-start/">
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<b>2.2. </b>ShardingSphere-Proxy
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/quick-start/shardingsphere-scaling-quick-start/" title="ShardingSphere-Scaling(Alpha)" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/quick-start/shardingsphere-scaling-quick-start/">
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<b>2.3. </b>ShardingSphere-Scaling(Alpha)
</a>
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<li data-nav-id="/en/features/" title="Concepts &amp; Features" class="dd-item
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<b>3. </b>Concepts &amp; Features
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item
parent
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/">
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<b>3.1. </b>Sharding
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/concept/" title="Core Concept" class="dd-item
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<b>3.1.1. </b>Core Concept
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/concept/sql/" title="SQL" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/sql/">
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SQL
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/concept/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/sharding/">
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Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/concept/configuration/" title="Configuration" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/configuration/">
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Configuration
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/concept/inline-expression/" title="Inline Expression" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/inline-expression/">
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Inline Expression
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/concept/key-generator/" title="Distributed Primary Key" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/key-generator/">
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Distributed Primary Key
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/concept/hint/" title="Hint Sharding Route" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/hint/">
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Hint Sharding Route
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/principle/" title="Guide to Kernel" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/principle/">
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<b>3.1.2. </b>Guide to Kernel
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/principle/parse/" title="Parse Engine" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/principle/parse/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Parse Engine
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/principle/route/" title="Route Engine" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/principle/route/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Route Engine
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/principle/rewrite/" title="Rewrite Engine" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/principle/rewrite/">
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Rewrite Engine
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/principle/execute/" title="Execute Engine" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/principle/execute/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Execute Engine
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/principle/merge/" title="Merger Engine" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/principle/merge/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Merger Engine
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/use-norms/" title="Use Norms" class="dd-item
parent
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/use-norms/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
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<b>3.1.3. </b>Use Norms
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/use-norms/sql/" title="SQL" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/use-norms/sql/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
SQL
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/use-norms/pagination/" title="Pagination" class="dd-item active">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/use-norms/pagination/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Pagination
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/" title="Distributed Transaction" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
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viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
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<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.2. </b>Distributed Transaction
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/concept/" title="Core Concept" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/concept/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.2.1. </b>Core Concept
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/concept/2pc-xa-transaction/" title="XA Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/concept/2pc-xa-transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
XA Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/concept/base-transaction-seata/" title="Seata BASE transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/concept/base-transaction-seata/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Seata BASE transaction
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/principle/" title="Principle" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/principle/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.2.2. </b>Principle
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/principle/2pc-xa-transaction/" title="XA Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/principle/2pc-xa-transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
XA Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/principle/base-transaction-seata/" title="Seata BASE transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/principle/base-transaction-seata/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Seata BASE transaction
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/use-norms/" title="Use Norms" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/use-norms/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
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viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.2.3. </b>Use Norms
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/use-norms/local-transaction/" title="Local Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/use-norms/local-transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Local Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/use-norms/2pc-xa-transaction/" title="XA transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/use-norms/2pc-xa-transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
XA transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/use-norms/base-transaction-seata/" title="Seata BASE transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/use-norms/base-transaction-seata/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Seata BASE transaction
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/read-write-splitting/" title="Replica query" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/read-write-splitting/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.3. </b>Replica query
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/read-write-splitting/concept/" title="Core Concept" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/read-write-splitting/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.3.1. </b>Core Concept
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/read-write-splitting/use-norms/" title="Use Norms" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/read-write-splitting/use-norms/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.3.2. </b>Use Norms
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/governance/" title="Governance" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/governance/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.4. </b>Governance
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/governance/management/" title="Management" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/governance/management/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.4.1 </b>Management
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/governance/management/config-center/" title="Config Center" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/governance/management/config-center/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Config Center
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/governance/management/registry-center/" title="Registry Center" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/governance/management/registry-center/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Registry Center
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/governance/management/dependency/" title="Third-party Components" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/governance/management/dependency/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Third-party Components
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/governance/observability/" title="Observability" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/governance/observability/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.4.2 </b>Observability
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/governance/observability/apm-integration/" title="APM Integration" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/governance/observability/apm-integration/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
APM Integration
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/governance/observability/agnet/" title="Agent Integration" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/governance/observability/agnet/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Agent Integration
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/scaling/" title="Scaling" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/scaling/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.5. </b>Scaling
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/scaling/concept/" title="Core Concept" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/scaling/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.5.1. </b>Core Concept
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/scaling/principle/" title="Principle" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/scaling/principle/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.5.2. </b>Principle
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/scaling/use-norms/" title="User Norms" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/scaling/use-norms/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.5.3. </b>User Norms
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/encrypt/" title="Encryption" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/encrypt/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.6. </b>Encryption
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/encrypt/concept/" title="Core Concept" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/encrypt/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.6.1. </b>Core Concept
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/encrypt/principle/" title="Principle" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/encrypt/principle/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.6.2. </b>Principle
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/encrypt/use-norms/" title="Use Norms" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/encrypt/use-norms/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.6.3. </b>Use Norms
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/shadow/" title="Shadow DB" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/shadow/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.7. </b>Shadow DB
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/shadow/concept/" title="Core Concept" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/shadow/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.7.1. </b>Core Concept
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/shadow/principle/" title="Principle" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/shadow/principle/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.7.2. </b>Principle
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/" title="Dist SQL" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.8. </b>Dist SQL
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/rdl/" title="RDL" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/rdl/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
RDL
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/rql/" title="RQL" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/rql/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
RQL
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/sctl/" title="SCTL" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/sctl/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
SCTL
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/pluggable-architecture/" title="Pluggable Architecture" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/pluggable-architecture/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>3.9. </b>Pluggable Architecture
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/test-engine/" title="Test Engine" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/test-engine/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.10. </b>Test Engine
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/test-engine/integration-test/" title="Integration Test" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/test-engine/integration-test/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.9.1. </b>Integration Test
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/test-engine/parser-test/" title="SQL Parser Test" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/test-engine/parser-test/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.9.2. </b>SQL Parser Test
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/test-engine/rewrite-test/" title="SQL Rewrite Test" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/test-engine/rewrite-test/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.9.3. </b>SQL Rewrite Test
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/test-engine/performance-test/" title="Performance Test" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/test-engine/performance-test/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.9.4. </b>Performance Test
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/" title="User Manual" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4. </b>User Manual
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/" title="ShardingSphere-JDBC" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.1. </b>ShardingSphere-JDBC
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/" title="Usage" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.1.1. </b>Usage
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/" title="Data Sharding" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Data Sharding
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/java-api/" title="Use Java API" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/java-api/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Java API
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/yaml/" title="Use YAML" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/yaml/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use YAML
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/spring-boot-starter/" title="Use Spring Boot Starter" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/spring-boot-starter/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Spring Boot Starter
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/spring-namespace/" title="Use Spring Namespace" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/spring-namespace/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Spring Namespace
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/hint/" title="Hint" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/hint/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Hint
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/" title="Transaction" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Transaction
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/java-api/" title="Use Java API" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/java-api/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Java API
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/spring-boot-starter/" title="Use Spring Boot Starter" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/spring-boot-starter/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Spring Boot Starter
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/spring-namespace/" title="Use Spring Namespace" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/spring-namespace/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Spring Namespace
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/atomikos/" title="Atomikos Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/atomikos/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Atomikos Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/bitronix/" title="Bitronix Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/bitronix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Bitronix Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/narayana/" title="Narayana Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/narayana/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Narayana Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/seata/" title="Seata Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/seata/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Seata Transaction
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/" title="Governance" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Governance
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/java-api/" title="Use Java API" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/java-api/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Java API
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/yaml/" title="Use YAML" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/yaml/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use YAML
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/spring-boot-starter/" title="Use Spring Boot Starter" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/spring-boot-starter/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Spring Boot Starter
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/spring-namespace/" title="Use Spring Namespace" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/spring-namespace/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Spring Namespace
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/" title="Configuration Manual" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.1.2. </b>Configuration Manual
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/" title="Java API" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Java API
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/read-write-splitting/" title="Read write splitting" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/read-write-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Read write splitting
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/encrypt/" title="Encryption" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encryption
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/shadow/" title="Shadow DB" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Shadow DB
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/governance/" title="Governance" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Governance
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/mix/" title="Mixed Rules" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/mix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Mixed Rules
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/change-history/" title="Change History" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/change-history/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Change History
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/" title="YAML Configuration" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
YAML Configuration
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/read-write-splitting/" title="Read write splitting" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/read-write-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Read write splitting
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/encrypt/" title="Encryption" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encryption
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/shadow/" title="Shadow DB" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Shadow DB
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/governance/" title="Governance" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Governance
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/mix/" title="Mixed Rules" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/mix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Mixed Rules
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/change-history/" title="Change History" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/change-history/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Change History
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/" title="Spring Boot Starter Configuration" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Spring Boot Starter Configuration
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/read-write-splitting/" title="Read write splitting" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/read-write-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Read write splitting
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/encrypt/" title="Encryption" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encryption
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/shadow/" title="Shadow DB" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Shadow DB
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/governance/" title="Governance" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Governance
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/mix/" title="Mixed Rules" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/mix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Mixed Rules
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/change-history/" title="Change History" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/change-history/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Change History
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/" title="Spring Namespace Configuration" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Spring Namespace Configuration
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/read-write-splitting/" title="Read write splitting" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/read-write-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Read write splitting
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/encrypt/" title="Encryption" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encryption
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/shadow/" title="Shadow DB" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Shadow DB
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/governance/" title="Governance" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Governance
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/mix/" title="Mixed Rules" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/mix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Mixed Rules
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/change-history/" title="Change History" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/change-history/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Change History
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/" title="Built-in Algorithm" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Built-in Algorithm
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/sharding/" title="Sharding Algorithm" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding Algorithm
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/keygen/" title="Key Generate Algorithm" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/keygen/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Key Generate Algorithm
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/load-balance/" title="Load Balance Algorithm" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/load-balance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Load Balance Algorithm
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/encrypt/" title="Encryption Algorithm" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encryption Algorithm
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/props/" title="Properties Configuration" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/props/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Properties Configuration
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/unsupported-items/" title="Unsupported Items" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/unsupported-items/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>4.1.3. </b>Unsupported Items
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/" title="ShardingSphere-Proxy" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.2. </b>ShardingSphere-Proxy
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/" title="Usage" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.2.1. </b>Usage
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/startup/" title="Proxy Startup" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/startup/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Proxy Startup
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/governance/" title="Governance" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Governance
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/transaction/" title="Distributed Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Distributed Transaction
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/" title="Configuration Manual" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.2.2. </b>Configuration Manual
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/data-source/" title="Data Source Configuration" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/data-source/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Data Source Configuration
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/authentication/" title="Authentication" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/authentication/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Authentication
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/props/" title="Properties Configuration" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/props/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Properties Configuration
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/yaml-syntax/" title="YAML Syntax" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/yaml-syntax/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
YAML Syntax
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/docker/" title="Docker Clone" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/docker/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>4.2.3. </b>Docker Clone
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-sidecar/" title="ShardingSphere-Sidecar" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-sidecar/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>4.3. </b>ShardingSphere-Sidecar
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/" title="ShardingSphere-Scaling" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.4. </b>ShardingSphere-Scaling
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/build/" title="Build" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/build/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>4.4.1. </b>Build
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/usage/" title="Manual" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/usage/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>4.4.2. </b>Manual
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/" title="ShardingSphere-UI" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.5. </b>ShardingSphere-UI
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/" title="Manual" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.5.1. </b>Manual
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/build/" title="Build" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/build/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Build
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/registry-center/" title="Registry Center" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/registry-center/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Registry Center
</a>
</li>
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<h1>Pagination</h1>
<nav id="TableOfContents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#pagination-performance">Pagination Performance</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#performance-bottleneck">Performance Bottleneck</a></li>
<li><a href="#optimization-of-shardingsphere">Optimization of ShardingSphere</a></li>
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<li><a href="#pagination-solution-optimization">Pagination Solution Optimization</a></li>
<li><a href="#pagination-sub-query">Pagination Sub-query</a></li>
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<p>Totally support pagination queries of MySQL, PostgreSQL and Oracle; partly support SQLServer pagination query due to its complexity.</p>
<h2 id="pagination-performance">Pagination Performance</h2>
<h3 id="performance-bottleneck">Performance Bottleneck</h3>
<p>Pagination with query offset too high can lead to a low data accessibility, take MySQL as an example:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#66d9ef">SELECT</span> <span style="color:#f92672">*</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">FROM</span> t_order <span style="color:#66d9ef">ORDER</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">BY</span> id <span style="color:#66d9ef">LIMIT</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">1000000</span>, <span style="color:#ae81ff">10</span>
</code></pre></div><p>This SQL will make MySQL acquire another 10 records after skipping 1,000,000 records when it is not able to use indexes. Its performance can thus be deduced. In sharding databases and sharding tables (suppose there are two databases), to ensure the data correctness, the SQL will be rewritten as this:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#66d9ef">SELECT</span> <span style="color:#f92672">*</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">FROM</span> t_order <span style="color:#66d9ef">ORDER</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">BY</span> id <span style="color:#66d9ef">LIMIT</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">0</span>, <span style="color:#ae81ff">1000010</span>
</code></pre></div><p>It also means taking out all the records prior to the offset and only acquire the last 10 records after ordering. It will further aggravate the performance bottleneck effect when the database is already slow in execution. The reason for that is the former SQL only needs to transmit 10 records to the user end, but now it will transmit <code>1000010 * 2</code> records after the rewrite.</p>
<h3 id="optimization-of-shardingsphere">Optimization of ShardingSphere</h3>
<p>ShardingSphere has optimized in two ways.</p>
<p>Firstly, it adopts stream process + merger ordering to avoid excessive memory occupation. SQL rewrite unavoidably occupies extra bandwidth, but it will not lead to sharp increase of memory occupation. Most people may assume that ShardingSphere would upload all the <code>1,000,010 * 2</code> records to the memory and occupy a large amount of it, which can lead to memory overflow. But each ShardingSphere comparison only acquires current result set record of each shard, since result set records have their own order.
The record stored in the memory is only the current position pointed by the cursor in the result set of the shard routed to. For the item to be sorted which has its own order, merger ordering only has the time complexity of <code>O(n)</code>, with a very low performance consumption.</p>
<p>Secondly, ShardingSphere further optimizes the query that only falls into single shards. Requests of this kind can guarantee the correctness of records without rewriting SQLs. Under this kind of situation, ShardingSphere will not do that in order to save the bandwidth.</p>
<h2 id="pagination-solution-optimization">Pagination Solution Optimization</h2>
<p>For LIMIT cannot search for data through indexes, if the ID continuity can be guaranteed, pagination by ID is a better solution:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#66d9ef">SELECT</span> <span style="color:#f92672">*</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">FROM</span> t_order <span style="color:#66d9ef">WHERE</span> id <span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">100000</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">AND</span> id <span style="color:#f92672">&lt;=</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">100010</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">ORDER</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">BY</span> id
</code></pre></div><p>Or use the ID of last record of the former query result to query the next page:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#66d9ef">SELECT</span> <span style="color:#f92672">*</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">FROM</span> t_order <span style="color:#66d9ef">WHERE</span> id <span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">100000</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">LIMIT</span> <span style="color:#ae81ff">10</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="pagination-sub-query">Pagination Sub-query</h2>
<p>Both Oracle and SQLServer pagination need to be processed by sub-query, ShardingSphere supports pagination related sub-query.</p>
<ul>
<li>Oracle</li>
</ul>
<p>Support rownum pagination:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#66d9ef">SELECT</span> <span style="color:#f92672">*</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">FROM</span> (<span style="color:#66d9ef">SELECT</span> row_.<span style="color:#f92672">*</span>, rownum rownum_ <span style="color:#66d9ef">FROM</span> (<span style="color:#66d9ef">SELECT</span> o.order_id <span style="color:#66d9ef">as</span> order_id <span style="color:#66d9ef">FROM</span> t_order o <span style="color:#66d9ef">JOIN</span> t_order_item i <span style="color:#66d9ef">ON</span> o.order_id <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> i.order_id) row_ <span style="color:#66d9ef">WHERE</span> rownum <span style="color:#f92672">&lt;=</span> <span style="color:#f92672">?</span>) <span style="color:#66d9ef">WHERE</span> rownum <span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> <span style="color:#f92672">?</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Do not support rownum + BETWEEN pagination for now.</p>
<ul>
<li>SQLServer</li>
</ul>
<p>Support TOP + ROW_NUMBER() OVER pagination:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#66d9ef">SELECT</span> <span style="color:#f92672">*</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">FROM</span> (<span style="color:#66d9ef">SELECT</span> TOP (<span style="color:#f92672">?</span>) ROW_NUMBER() OVER (<span style="color:#66d9ef">ORDER</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">BY</span> o.order_id <span style="color:#66d9ef">DESC</span>) <span style="color:#66d9ef">AS</span> rownum, <span style="color:#f92672">*</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">FROM</span> t_order o) <span style="color:#66d9ef">AS</span> temp <span style="color:#66d9ef">WHERE</span> temp.rownum <span style="color:#f92672">&gt;</span> <span style="color:#f92672">?</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">ORDER</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">BY</span> temp.order_id
</code></pre></div><p>Support OFFSET FETCH pagination after SQLServer 2012:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#66d9ef">SELECT</span> <span style="color:#f92672">*</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">FROM</span> t_order o <span style="color:#66d9ef">ORDER</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">BY</span> id <span style="color:#66d9ef">OFFSET</span> <span style="color:#f92672">?</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">ROW</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">FETCH</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">NEXT</span> <span style="color:#f92672">?</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">ROWS</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">ONLY</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Do not support <code>WITH xxx AS (SELECT ...)</code> pagination. Because SQLServer automatically generated by Hibernate uses WITH statements, Hibernate SQLServer pagination or two TOP + sub-query pagination is not available now.</p>
<ul>
<li>MySQL, PostgreSQL</li>
</ul>
<p>Both MySQL and PostgreSQL support LIMIT pagination, no need for sub-query:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#66d9ef">SELECT</span> <span style="color:#f92672">*</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">FROM</span> t_order o <span style="color:#66d9ef">ORDER</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">BY</span> id <span style="color:#66d9ef">LIMIT</span> <span style="color:#f92672">?</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">OFFSET</span> <span style="color:#f92672">?</span>
</code></pre></div>
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