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<title>数据分片 :: ShardingSphere</title>
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<b>1. </b>概览
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<li data-nav-id="/cn/quick-start/" title="快速入门" class="dd-item
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<b>2. </b>快速入门
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/quick-start/shardingsphere-jdbc-quick-start/" title="ShardingSphere-JDBC" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/quick-start/shardingsphere-jdbc-quick-start/">
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<b>2.1. </b>ShardingSphere-JDBC
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/quick-start/shardingsphere-proxy-quick-start/" title="ShardingSphere-Proxy" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/quick-start/shardingsphere-proxy-quick-start/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>2.2. </b>ShardingSphere-Proxy
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/quick-start/shardingsphere-scaling-quick-start/" title="ShardingSphere-Scaling(Alpha)" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/quick-start/shardingsphere-scaling-quick-start/">
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<b>2.3. </b>ShardingSphere-Scaling(Alpha)
</a>
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</ul>
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parent
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<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/">
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<b>3. </b>概念 &amp; 功能
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/" title="数据分片" class="dd-item
parent
active
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: inline-block;"
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<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
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<b>3.1. </b>数据分片
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/concept/" title="核心概念" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/concept/">
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<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
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</svg>
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viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
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<b>3.1.1. </b>核心概念
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/concept/sql/" title="SQL" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/concept/sql/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
SQL
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/concept/sharding/" title="分片" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/concept/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
分片
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/concept/configuration/" title="配置" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/concept/configuration/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
配置
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/concept/inline-expression/" title="行表达式" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/concept/inline-expression/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
行表达式
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/concept/key-generator/" title="分布式主键" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/concept/key-generator/">
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分布式主键
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/concept/hint/" title="强制分片路由" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/concept/hint/">
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强制分片路由
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/principle/" title="内核剖析" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/principle/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
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viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
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</i>
<b>3.1.2. </b>内核剖析
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/principle/parse/" title="解析引擎" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/principle/parse/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
解析引擎
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/principle/route/" title="路由引擎" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/principle/route/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
路由引擎
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/principle/rewrite/" title="改写引擎" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/principle/rewrite/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
改写引擎
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/principle/execute/" title="执行引擎" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/principle/execute/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
执行引擎
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/principle/merge/" title="归并引擎" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/principle/merge/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
归并引擎
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/use-norms/" title="使用规范" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/use-norms/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.1.3. </b>使用规范
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/use-norms/sql/" title="SQL" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/use-norms/sql/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
SQL
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/use-norms/pagination/" title="分页" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/use-norms/pagination/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
分页
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/transaction/" title="分布式事务" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/transaction/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.2. </b>分布式事务
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/transaction/concept/" title="核心概念" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/transaction/concept/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.2.1. </b>核心概念
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/transaction/concept/2pc-xa-transaction/" title="XA两阶段事务" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/transaction/concept/2pc-xa-transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
XA两阶段事务
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/transaction/concept/base-transaction-seata/" title="Seata 柔性事务" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/transaction/concept/base-transaction-seata/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Seata 柔性事务
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/transaction/principle/" title="实现原理" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/transaction/principle/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.2.2. </b>实现原理
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/transaction/principle/2pc-xa-transaction/" title="XA两阶段事务" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/transaction/principle/2pc-xa-transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
XA两阶段事务
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/transaction/principle/base-transaction-seata/" title="Seata 柔性事务" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/transaction/principle/base-transaction-seata/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Seata 柔性事务
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/transaction/use-norms/" title="使用规范" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/transaction/use-norms/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.2.3. </b>使用规范
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/transaction/use-norms/local-transaction/" title="本地事务" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/transaction/use-norms/local-transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
本地事务
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/transaction/use-norms/2pc-xa-transaction/" title="XA两阶段事务" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/transaction/use-norms/2pc-xa-transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
XA两阶段事务
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/transaction/use-norms/base-transaction-seata/" title="Seata 柔性事务" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/transaction/use-norms/base-transaction-seata/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Seata 柔性事务
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/read-write-splitting/" title="读写分离" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/read-write-splitting/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.3. </b>读写分离
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/read-write-splitting/concept/" title="核心概念" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/read-write-splitting/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.3.1. </b>核心概念
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/read-write-splitting/use-norms/" title="使用规范" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/read-write-splitting/use-norms/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.3.2. </b>使用规范
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/governance/" title="分布式治理" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/governance/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.4. </b>分布式治理
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/governance/management/" title="治理" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/governance/management/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.4.1 </b>治理
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/governance/management/config-center/" title="配置中心" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/governance/management/config-center/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
配置中心
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/governance/management/registry-center/" title="注册中心" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/governance/management/registry-center/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
注册中心
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/governance/management/dependency/" title="第三方组件依赖" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/governance/management/dependency/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
第三方组件依赖
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/governance/observability/" title="可观察性" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/governance/observability/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.4.2 </b>可观察性
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/governance/observability/apm-integration/" title="应用性能监控集成" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/governance/observability/apm-integration/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
应用性能监控集成
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/governance/observability/agnet/" title="Agent集成" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/governance/observability/agnet/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Agent集成
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/scaling/" title="弹性伸缩" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/scaling/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.5. </b>弹性伸缩
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/scaling/concept/" title="核心概念" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/scaling/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.5.1. </b>核心概念
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/scaling/principle/" title="实现原理" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/scaling/principle/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.5.2. </b>实现原理
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/scaling/use-norms/" title="使用规范" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/scaling/use-norms/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.5.3. </b>使用规范
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/encrypt/" title="数据加密" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/encrypt/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.6. </b>数据加密
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/encrypt/concept/" title="核心概念" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/encrypt/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.6.1. </b>核心概念
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/encrypt/principle/" title="实现原理" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/encrypt/principle/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.6.2. </b>实现原理
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/encrypt/use-norms/" title="使用规范" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/encrypt/use-norms/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.6.3. </b>使用规范
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/shadow/" title="影子库压测" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/shadow/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.7. </b>影子库压测
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/shadow/concept/" title="核心概念" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/shadow/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.7.1. </b>核心概念
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/shadow/principle/" title="实现原理" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/shadow/principle/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.7.2. </b>实现原理
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/dist-sql/" title="Dist SQL" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/dist-sql/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.8. </b>Dist SQL
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/dist-sql/rdl/" title="RDL" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/dist-sql/rdl/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
RDL
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/dist-sql/rql/" title="RQL" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/dist-sql/rql/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
RQL
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/dist-sql/sctl/" title="SCTL" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/dist-sql/sctl/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
SCTL
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/pluggable-architecture/" title="可插拔架构" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/pluggable-architecture/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>3.9. </b>可插拔架构
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/test-engine/" title="测试引擎" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/test-engine/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.10. </b>测试引擎
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/test-engine/integration-test/" title="集成测试" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/test-engine/integration-test/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.9.1. </b>集成测试
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/test-engine/parser-test/" title="SQL 解析测试" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/test-engine/parser-test/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.9.2. </b>SQL 解析测试
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/test-engine/rewrite-test/" title="SQL 改写测试" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/test-engine/rewrite-test/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.9.3. </b>SQL 改写测试
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/test-engine/performance-test/" title="性能测试" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/test-engine/performance-test/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.9.4. </b>性能测试
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/" title="用户手册" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4. </b>用户手册
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/" title="ShardingSphere-JDBC" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.1. </b>ShardingSphere-JDBC
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/" title="使用手册" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.1.1. </b>使用手册
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/" title="数据分片" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
数据分片
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/java-api/" title="使用 Java API" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/java-api/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
使用 Java API
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/yaml/" title="使用 YAML 配置" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/yaml/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
使用 YAML 配置
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/spring-boot-starter/" title="使用 Spring Boot Starter" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/spring-boot-starter/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
使用 Spring Boot Starter
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/spring-namespace/" title="使用 Spring 命名空间" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/spring-namespace/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
使用 Spring 命名空间
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/hint/" title="强制路由" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/hint/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
强制路由
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/" title="分布式事务" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
分布式事务
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/java-api/" title="使用 Java API" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/java-api/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
使用 Java API
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/spring-boot-starter/" title="使用 Spring Boot Starter" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/spring-boot-starter/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
使用 Spring Boot Starter
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/spring-namespace/" title="使用 Spring 命名空间" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/spring-namespace/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
使用 Spring 命名空间
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/atomikos/" title="Atomikos 事务" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/atomikos/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Atomikos 事务
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/narayana/" title="Narayana 事务" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/narayana/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Narayana 事务
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/bitronix/" title="Bitronix 事务" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/bitronix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Bitronix 事务
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/seata/" title="Seata 事务" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/seata/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Seata 事务
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/" title="分布式治理" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
分布式治理
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/java-api/" title="使用 Java API" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/java-api/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
使用 Java API
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/yaml/" title="使用 YAML 配置" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/yaml/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
使用 YAML 配置
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/spring-boot-starter/" title="使用 Spring Boot Starter" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/spring-boot-starter/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
使用 Spring Boot Starter
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/spring-namespace/" title="使用 Spring 命名空间" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/spring-namespace/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
使用 Spring 命名空间
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/" title="配置手册" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.1.2. </b>配置手册
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/" title="Java API" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Java API
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/sharding/" title="数据分片" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
数据分片
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/read-write-splitting/" title="读写分离" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/read-write-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
读写分离
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/encrypt/" title="数据加密" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
数据加密
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/shadow/" title="影子库" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
影子库
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/governance/" title="分布式治理" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
分布式治理
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/mix/" title="混合规则" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/mix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
混合规则
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/change-history/" title="变更历史" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/change-history/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
变更历史
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/" title="YAML 配置" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
YAML 配置
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/sharding/" title="数据分片" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
数据分片
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/read-write-splitting-/" title="读写分离" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/read-write-splitting-/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
读写分离
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/encrypt/" title="数据加密" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
数据加密
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/shadow/" title="影子库" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
影子库
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/governance/" title="分布式治理" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
分布式治理
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/mix/" title="混合规则" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/mix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
混合规则
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/change-history/" title="变更历史" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/change-history/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
变更历史
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/" title="Spring Boot Starter 配置" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Spring Boot Starter 配置
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/sharding/" title="数据分片" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
数据分片
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/read-write-splitting/" title="读写分离" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/read-write-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
读写分离
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/encrypt/" title="数据加密" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
数据加密
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/shadow/" title="影子库" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
影子库
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/governance/" title="分布式治理" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
分布式治理
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/mix/" title="混合规则" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/mix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
混合规则
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/change-history/" title="变更历史" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/change-history/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
变更历史
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/" title="Spring 命名空间配置" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Spring 命名空间配置
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/sharding/" title="数据分片" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
数据分片
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/read-write-splitting/" title="读写分离" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/read-write-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
读写分离
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/encrypt/" title="数据加密" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
数据加密
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/shadow/" title="影子库" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
影子库
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/governance/" title="分布式治理" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
分布式治理
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/mix/" title="混合规则" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/mix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
混合规则
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/change-history/" title="变更历史" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/change-history/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
变更历史
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/" title="内置算法" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
内置算法
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/sharding/" title="分片算法" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
分片算法
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/keygen/" title="分布式序列算法" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/keygen/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
分布式序列算法
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/load-balance/" title="负载均衡算法" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/load-balance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
负载均衡算法
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/encrypt/" title="加密算法" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
加密算法
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/props/" title="属性配置" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/props/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
属性配置
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/unsupported-items/" title="不支持项" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/unsupported-items/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>4.1.3. </b>不支持项
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/" title="ShardingSphere-Proxy" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.2. </b>ShardingSphere-Proxy
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/" title="使用手册" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.2.1. </b>使用手册
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/startup/" title="Proxy 启动" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/startup/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Proxy 启动
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/governance/" title="分布式治理" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
分布式治理
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/transaction/" title="分布式事务" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
分布式事务
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/" title="配置手册" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.2.2. </b>配置手册
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/data-source/" title="数据源配置" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/data-source/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
数据源配置
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/authentication/" title="权限配置" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/authentication/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
权限配置
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/props/" title="属性配置" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/props/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
属性配置
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/yaml-syntax/" title="YAML 语法说明" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/yaml-syntax/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
YAML 语法说明
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/docker/" title="Docker 镜像" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/docker/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>4.2.3. </b>Docker 镜像
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-sidecar/" title="ShardingSphere-Sidecar" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-sidecar/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>4.3. </b>ShardingSphere-Sidecar
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/" title="ShardingSphere-Scaling" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.4. </b>ShardingSphere-Scaling
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/build/" title="运行部署" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/build/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>4.4.1. </b>运行部署
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/usage/" title="使用手册" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/usage/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>4.4.2. </b>使用手册
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/" title="ShardingSphere-UI" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
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<li><a href="#背景">背景</a>
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<li><a href="#垂直分片">垂直分片</a></li>
<li><a href="#水平分片">水平分片</a></li>
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<h2 id="背景">背景</h2>
<p>传统的将数据集中存储至单一数据节点的解决方案,在性能、可用性和运维成本这三方面已经难于满足互联网的海量数据场景。</p>
<p>从性能方面来说,由于关系型数据库大多采用 B+ 树类型的索引,在数据量超过阈值的情况下,索引深度的增加也将使得磁盘访问的 IO 次数增加,进而导致查询性能的下降;同时,高并发访问请求也使得集中式数据库成为系统的最大瓶颈。</p>
<p>从可用性的方面来讲,服务化的无状态型,能够达到较小成本的随意扩容,这必然导致系统的最终压力都落在数据库之上。而单一的数据节点,或者简单的主从架构,已经越来越难以承担。数据库的可用性,已成为整个系统的关键。</p>
<p>从运维成本方面考虑,当一个数据库实例中的数据达到阈值以上,对于 DBA 的运维压力就会增大。数据备份和恢复的时间成本都将随着数据量的大小而愈发不可控。一般来讲,单一数据库实例的数据的阈值在 1TB 之内,是比较合理的范围。</p>
<p>在传统的关系型数据库无法满足互联网场景需要的情况下,将数据存储至原生支持分布式的 NoSQL 的尝试越来越多。
但 NoSQL 对 SQL 的不兼容性以及生态圈的不完善,使得它们在与关系型数据库的博弈中始终无法完成致命一击,而关系型数据库的地位却依然不可撼动。</p>
<p>数据分片指按照某个维度将存放在单一数据库中的数据分散地存放至多个数据库或表中以达到提升性能瓶颈以及可用性的效果。
数据分片的有效手段是对关系型数据库进行分库和分表。分库和分表均可以有效的避免由数据量超过可承受阈值而产生的查询瓶颈。
除此之外,分库还能够用于有效的分散对数据库单点的访问量;分表虽然无法缓解数据库压力,但却能够提供尽量将分布式事务转化为本地事务的可能,一旦涉及到跨库的更新操作,分布式事务往往会使问题变得复杂。
使用多主多从的分片方式,可以有效的避免数据单点,从而提升数据架构的可用性。</p>
<p>通过分库和分表进行数据的拆分来使得各个表的数据量保持在阈值以下,以及对流量进行疏导应对高访问量,是应对高并发和海量数据系统的有效手段。
数据分片的拆分方式又分为垂直分片和水平分片。</p>
<h3 id="垂直分片">垂直分片</h3>
<p>按照业务拆分的方式称为垂直分片,又称为纵向拆分,它的核心理念是专库专用。
在拆分之前,一个数据库由多个数据表构成,每个表对应着不同的业务。而拆分之后,则是按照业务将表进行归类,分布到不同的数据库中,从而将压力分散至不同的数据库。
下图展示了根据业务需要,将用户表和订单表垂直分片到不同的数据库的方案。</p>
<p><img src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/img/sharding/vertical_sharding.png" alt="垂直分片"></p>
<p>垂直分片往往需要对架构和设计进行调整。通常来讲,是来不及应对互联网业务需求快速变化的;而且,它也并无法真正的解决单点瓶颈。
垂直拆分可以缓解数据量和访问量带来的问题,但无法根治。如果垂直拆分之后,表中的数据量依然超过单节点所能承载的阈值,则需要水平分片来进一步处理。</p>
<h3 id="水平分片">水平分片</h3>
<p>水平分片又称为横向拆分。
相对于垂直分片,它不再将数据根据业务逻辑分类,而是通过某个字段(或某几个字段),根据某种规则将数据分散至多个库或表中,每个分片仅包含数据的一部分。
例如:根据主键分片,偶数主键的记录放入 0 库(或表),奇数主键的记录放入 1 库(或表),如下图所示。</p>
<p><img src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/img/sharding/horizontal_sharding.png" alt="水平分片"></p>
<p>水平分片从理论上突破了单机数据量处理的瓶颈,并且扩展相对自由,是分库分表的标准解决方案。</p>
<h2 id="挑战">挑战</h2>
<p>虽然数据分片解决了性能、可用性以及单点备份恢复等问题,但分布式的架构在获得了收益的同时,也引入了新的问题。</p>
<p>面对如此散乱的分库分表之后的数据,应用开发工程师和数据库管理员对数据库的操作变得异常繁重就是其中的重要挑战之一。他们需要知道数据需要从哪个具体的数据库的分表中获取。</p>
<p>另一个挑战则是,能够正确的运行在单节点数据库中的 SQL,在分片之后的数据库中并不一定能够正确运行。例如,分表导致表名称的修改,或者分页、排序、聚合分组等操作的不正确处理。</p>
<p>跨库事务也是分布式的数据库集群要面对的棘手事情。
合理采用分表,可以在降低单表数据量的情况下,尽量使用本地事务,善于使用同库不同表可有效避免分布式事务带来的麻烦。
在不能避免跨库事务的场景,有些业务仍然需要保持事务的一致性。
而基于 XA 的分布式事务由于在并发度高的场景中性能无法满足需要,并未被互联网巨头大规模使用,他们大多采用最终一致性的柔性事务代替强一致事务。</p>
<h2 id="目标">目标</h2>
<p><strong>尽量透明化分库分表所带来的影响,让使用方尽量像使用一个数据库一样使用水平分片之后的数据库集群,是 Apache ShardingSphere 数据分片模块的主要设计目标。</strong></p>
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