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<title>FAQ :: ShardingSphere</title>
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<li data-nav-id="/cn/overview/" title="概览" class="dd-item
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<b>1. </b>概览
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<li data-nav-id="/cn/quick-start/" title="快速入门" class="dd-item
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<b>2. </b>快速入门
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/quick-start/shardingsphere-jdbc-quick-start/" title="ShardingSphere-JDBC" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/quick-start/shardingsphere-jdbc-quick-start/">
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<b>2.1. </b>ShardingSphere-JDBC
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/quick-start/shardingsphere-proxy-quick-start/" title="ShardingSphere-Proxy" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/quick-start/shardingsphere-proxy-quick-start/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>2.2. </b>ShardingSphere-Proxy
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/quick-start/shardingsphere-scaling-quick-start/" title="ShardingSphere-Scaling(Alpha)" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/quick-start/shardingsphere-scaling-quick-start/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>2.3. </b>ShardingSphere-Scaling(Alpha)
</a>
</li>
</ul>
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<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/" title="概念 &amp; 功能" class="dd-item
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<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/">
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<b>3. </b>概念 &amp; 功能
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/" title="数据分片" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
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style="display: none;"
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<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
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<b>3.1. </b>数据分片
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/concept/" title="核心概念" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/concept/">
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viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
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style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
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<b>3.1.1. </b>核心概念
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/concept/sql/" title="SQL" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/concept/sql/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
SQL
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/concept/sharding/" title="分片" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/concept/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
分片
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/concept/configuration/" title="配置" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/concept/configuration/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
配置
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/concept/inline-expression/" title="行表达式" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/concept/inline-expression/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
行表达式
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/concept/key-generator/" title="分布式主键" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/concept/key-generator/">
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分布式主键
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/concept/hint/" title="强制分片路由" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/concept/hint/">
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强制分片路由
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/principle/" title="内核剖析" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/principle/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
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viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
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</i>
<b>3.1.2. </b>内核剖析
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/principle/parse/" title="解析引擎" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/principle/parse/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
解析引擎
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/principle/route/" title="路由引擎" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/principle/route/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
路由引擎
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/principle/rewrite/" title="改写引擎" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/principle/rewrite/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
改写引擎
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/principle/execute/" title="执行引擎" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/principle/execute/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
执行引擎
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/principle/merge/" title="归并引擎" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/principle/merge/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
归并引擎
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/use-norms/" title="使用规范" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/use-norms/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.1.3. </b>使用规范
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/use-norms/sql/" title="SQL" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/use-norms/sql/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
SQL
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/sharding/use-norms/pagination/" title="分页" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/sharding/use-norms/pagination/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
分页
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/transaction/" title="分布式事务" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/transaction/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.2. </b>分布式事务
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/transaction/concept/" title="核心概念" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/transaction/concept/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.2.1. </b>核心概念
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/transaction/concept/2pc-xa-transaction/" title="XA两阶段事务" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/transaction/concept/2pc-xa-transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
XA两阶段事务
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/transaction/concept/base-transaction-seata/" title="Seata 柔性事务" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/transaction/concept/base-transaction-seata/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Seata 柔性事务
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/transaction/principle/" title="实现原理" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/transaction/principle/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.2.2. </b>实现原理
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/transaction/principle/2pc-xa-transaction/" title="XA两阶段事务" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/transaction/principle/2pc-xa-transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
XA两阶段事务
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/transaction/principle/base-transaction-seata/" title="Seata 柔性事务" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/transaction/principle/base-transaction-seata/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Seata 柔性事务
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/transaction/use-norms/" title="使用规范" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/transaction/use-norms/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.2.3. </b>使用规范
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/transaction/use-norms/local-transaction/" title="本地事务" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/transaction/use-norms/local-transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
本地事务
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/transaction/use-norms/2pc-xa-transaction/" title="XA两阶段事务" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/transaction/use-norms/2pc-xa-transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
XA两阶段事务
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/transaction/use-norms/base-transaction-seata/" title="Seata 柔性事务" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/transaction/use-norms/base-transaction-seata/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Seata 柔性事务
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/read-write-splitting/" title="读写分离" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/read-write-splitting/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.3. </b>读写分离
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/read-write-splitting/concept/" title="核心概念" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/read-write-splitting/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.3.1. </b>核心概念
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/read-write-splitting/use-norms/" title="使用规范" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/read-write-splitting/use-norms/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.3.2. </b>使用规范
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/governance/" title="分布式治理" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/governance/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.4. </b>分布式治理
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/governance/management/" title="治理" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/governance/management/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.4.1 </b>治理
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/governance/management/config-center/" title="配置中心" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/governance/management/config-center/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
配置中心
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/governance/management/registry-center/" title="注册中心" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/governance/management/registry-center/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
注册中心
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/governance/management/dependency/" title="第三方组件依赖" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/governance/management/dependency/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
第三方组件依赖
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/governance/observability/" title="可观察性" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/governance/observability/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.4.2 </b>可观察性
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/governance/observability/apm-integration/" title="应用性能监控集成" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/governance/observability/apm-integration/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
应用性能监控集成
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/governance/observability/agnet/" title="Agent集成" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/governance/observability/agnet/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Agent集成
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/scaling/" title="弹性伸缩" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/scaling/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.5. </b>弹性伸缩
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/scaling/concept/" title="核心概念" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/scaling/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.5.1. </b>核心概念
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/scaling/principle/" title="实现原理" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/scaling/principle/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.5.2. </b>实现原理
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/scaling/use-norms/" title="使用规范" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/scaling/use-norms/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.5.3. </b>使用规范
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/encrypt/" title="数据加密" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/encrypt/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.6. </b>数据加密
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/encrypt/concept/" title="核心概念" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/encrypt/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.6.1. </b>核心概念
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/encrypt/principle/" title="实现原理" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/encrypt/principle/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.6.2. </b>实现原理
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/encrypt/use-norms/" title="使用规范" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/encrypt/use-norms/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.6.3. </b>使用规范
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/shadow/" title="影子库压测" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/shadow/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.7. </b>影子库压测
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/shadow/concept/" title="核心概念" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/shadow/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.7.1. </b>核心概念
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/shadow/principle/" title="实现原理" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/shadow/principle/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.7.2. </b>实现原理
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/dist-sql/" title="Dist SQL" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/dist-sql/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.8. </b>Dist SQL
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/dist-sql/rdl/" title="RDL" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/dist-sql/rdl/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
RDL
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/dist-sql/rql/" title="RQL" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/dist-sql/rql/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
RQL
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/dist-sql/sctl/" title="SCTL" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/dist-sql/sctl/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
SCTL
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/pluggable-architecture/" title="可插拔架构" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/pluggable-architecture/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>3.9. </b>可插拔架构
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/test-engine/" title="测试引擎" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/test-engine/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.10. </b>测试引擎
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/test-engine/integration-test/" title="集成测试" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/test-engine/integration-test/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.9.1. </b>集成测试
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/test-engine/parser-test/" title="SQL 解析测试" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/test-engine/parser-test/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.9.2. </b>SQL 解析测试
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/test-engine/rewrite-test/" title="SQL 改写测试" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/test-engine/rewrite-test/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.9.3. </b>SQL 改写测试
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/features/test-engine/performance-test/" title="性能测试" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/test-engine/performance-test/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.9.4. </b>性能测试
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/" title="用户手册" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4. </b>用户手册
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/" title="ShardingSphere-JDBC" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.1. </b>ShardingSphere-JDBC
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/" title="使用手册" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.1.1. </b>使用手册
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/" title="数据分片" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
数据分片
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/java-api/" title="使用 Java API" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/java-api/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
使用 Java API
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/yaml/" title="使用 YAML 配置" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/yaml/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
使用 YAML 配置
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/spring-boot-starter/" title="使用 Spring Boot Starter" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/spring-boot-starter/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
使用 Spring Boot Starter
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/spring-namespace/" title="使用 Spring 命名空间" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/spring-namespace/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
使用 Spring 命名空间
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/hint/" title="强制路由" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/hint/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
强制路由
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/" title="分布式事务" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
分布式事务
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/java-api/" title="使用 Java API" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/java-api/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
使用 Java API
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/spring-boot-starter/" title="使用 Spring Boot Starter" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/spring-boot-starter/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
使用 Spring Boot Starter
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/spring-namespace/" title="使用 Spring 命名空间" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/spring-namespace/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
使用 Spring 命名空间
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/atomikos/" title="Atomikos 事务" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/atomikos/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Atomikos 事务
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/narayana/" title="Narayana 事务" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/narayana/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Narayana 事务
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/bitronix/" title="Bitronix 事务" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/bitronix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Bitronix 事务
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/seata/" title="Seata 事务" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/seata/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Seata 事务
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/" title="分布式治理" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
分布式治理
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/java-api/" title="使用 Java API" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/java-api/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
使用 Java API
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/yaml/" title="使用 YAML 配置" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/yaml/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
使用 YAML 配置
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/spring-boot-starter/" title="使用 Spring Boot Starter" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/spring-boot-starter/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
使用 Spring Boot Starter
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/spring-namespace/" title="使用 Spring 命名空间" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/spring-namespace/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
使用 Spring 命名空间
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/" title="配置手册" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.1.2. </b>配置手册
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/" title="Java API" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Java API
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/sharding/" title="数据分片" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
数据分片
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/read-write-splitting/" title="读写分离" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/read-write-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
读写分离
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/encrypt/" title="数据加密" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
数据加密
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/shadow/" title="影子库" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
影子库
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/governance/" title="分布式治理" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
分布式治理
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/mix/" title="混合规则" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/mix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
混合规则
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/change-history/" title="变更历史" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/change-history/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
变更历史
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/" title="YAML 配置" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
YAML 配置
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/sharding/" title="数据分片" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
数据分片
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/read-write-splitting-/" title="读写分离" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/read-write-splitting-/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
读写分离
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/encrypt/" title="数据加密" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
数据加密
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/shadow/" title="影子库" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
影子库
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/governance/" title="分布式治理" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
分布式治理
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/mix/" title="混合规则" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/mix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
混合规则
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/change-history/" title="变更历史" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/change-history/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
变更历史
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/" title="Spring Boot Starter 配置" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Spring Boot Starter 配置
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/sharding/" title="数据分片" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
数据分片
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/read-write-splitting/" title="读写分离" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/read-write-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
读写分离
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/encrypt/" title="数据加密" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
数据加密
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/shadow/" title="影子库" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
影子库
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/governance/" title="分布式治理" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
分布式治理
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/mix/" title="混合规则" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/mix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
混合规则
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/change-history/" title="变更历史" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/change-history/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
变更历史
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/" title="Spring 命名空间配置" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Spring 命名空间配置
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/sharding/" title="数据分片" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
数据分片
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/read-write-splitting/" title="读写分离" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/read-write-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
读写分离
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/encrypt/" title="数据加密" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
数据加密
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/shadow/" title="影子库" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
影子库
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/governance/" title="分布式治理" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
分布式治理
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/mix/" title="混合规则" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/mix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
混合规则
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/change-history/" title="变更历史" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/change-history/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
变更历史
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/" title="内置算法" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
内置算法
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/sharding/" title="分片算法" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
分片算法
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/keygen/" title="分布式序列算法" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/keygen/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
分布式序列算法
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/load-balance/" title="负载均衡算法" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/load-balance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
负载均衡算法
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/encrypt/" title="加密算法" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
加密算法
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/props/" title="属性配置" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/props/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
属性配置
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/unsupported-items/" title="不支持项" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/unsupported-items/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>4.1.3. </b>不支持项
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/" title="ShardingSphere-Proxy" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.2. </b>ShardingSphere-Proxy
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/" title="使用手册" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.2.1. </b>使用手册
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/startup/" title="Proxy 启动" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/startup/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Proxy 启动
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/governance/" title="分布式治理" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
分布式治理
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/transaction/" title="分布式事务" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
分布式事务
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/" title="配置手册" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.2.2. </b>配置手册
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/data-source/" title="数据源配置" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/data-source/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
数据源配置
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/authentication/" title="权限配置" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/authentication/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
权限配置
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/props/" title="属性配置" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/props/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
属性配置
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/yaml-syntax/" title="YAML 语法说明" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/yaml-syntax/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
YAML 语法说明
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/docker/" title="Docker 镜像" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/docker/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>4.2.3. </b>Docker 镜像
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-sidecar/" title="ShardingSphere-Sidecar" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-sidecar/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>4.3. </b>ShardingSphere-Sidecar
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/" title="ShardingSphere-Scaling" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.4. </b>ShardingSphere-Scaling
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/build/" title="运行部署" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/build/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>4.4.1. </b>运行部署
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/usage/" title="使用手册" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/usage/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>4.4.2. </b>使用手册
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/" title="ShardingSphere-UI" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
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<b>4.5. </b>ShardingSphere-UI
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<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/">
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<b>4.5.1. </b>使用手册
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<b>5.1. </b>SQL 解析
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<b>5.3. </b>内核
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<b>5.4. </b>数据分片
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<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/dev-manual/read-write-splitting/">
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<b>5.5. </b>读写分离
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<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/dev-manual/data-encryption/">
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<b>5.6. </b>数据加密
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<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/dev-manual/sql-audit/">
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<b>5.7. </b>SQL 审计
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<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/dev-manual/transaction/">
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<b>5.8. </b>分布式事务
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<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/dev-manual/governance/">
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<b>5.9. </b>分布式治理
</a>
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<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/dev-manual/scaling/">
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<b>5.10. </b>弹性伸缩
</a>
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<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/dev-manual/proxy/">
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<b>5.11. </b>Proxy
</a>
</li>
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<ul>
<li><a href="#1-如果sql在shardingsphere中执行不正确该如何调试">1. 如果SQL在ShardingSphere中执行不正确,该如何调试?</a></li>
<li><a href="#2-阅读源码时为什么会出现编译错误">2. 阅读源码时为什么会出现编译错误?</a></li>
<li><a href="#3-使用spring命名空间时找不到xsd">3. 使用Spring命名空间时找不到xsd?</a></li>
<li><a href="#4-cloud-not-resolve-placeholder--in-string-value-异常的解决方法">4. Cloud not resolve placeholder &hellip; in string value &hellip;异常的解决方法?</a></li>
<li><a href="#5-inline表达式返回结果为何出现浮点数">5. inline表达式返回结果为何出现浮点数?</a></li>
<li><a href="#6-如果只有部分数据库分库分表是否需要将不分库分表的表也配置在分片规则中">6. 如果只有部分数据库分库分表,是否需要将不分库分表的表也配置在分片规则中?</a></li>
<li><a href="#7-shardingsphere除了支持自带的分布式自增主键之外还能否支持原生的自增主键">7. ShardingSphere除了支持自带的分布式自增主键之外,还能否支持原生的自增主键?</a></li>
<li><a href="#8-指定了泛型为long的singlekeytableshardingalgorithm遇到classcastexception-integer-can-not-cast-to-long">8. 指定了泛型为Long的<code>SingleKeyTableShardingAlgorithm</code>,遇到<code>ClassCastException: Integer can not cast to Long</code>?</a></li>
<li><a href="#9-使用sqlsever和postgresql时聚合列不加别名会抛异常">9. 使用SQLSever和PostgreSQL时,聚合列不加别名会抛异常?</a></li>
<li><a href="#10-oracle数据库使用timestamp类型的order-by语句抛出异常提示order-by-value-must-implements-comparable">10. Oracle数据库使用Timestamp类型的Order By语句抛出异常提示“Order by value must implements Comparable”?</a></li>
<li><a href="#11-使用proxool时分库结果不正确">11. 使用<code>Proxool</code>时分库结果不正确?</a></li>
<li><a href="#12-shardingsphere提供的默认分布式自增主键策略为什么是不连续的且尾数大多为偶数">12. ShardingSphere提供的默认分布式自增主键策略为什么是不连续的,且尾数大多为偶数?</a></li>
<li><a href="#13-windows环境下通过git克隆shardingsphere源码时为什么提示文件名过长如何解决">13. Windows环境下,通过Git克隆ShardingSphere源码时为什么提示文件名过长,如何解决?</a></li>
<li><a href="#14-windows环境下运行shardingsphere-proxy找不到或无法加载主类-orgapacheshardingsphereproxybootstrap如何解决">14. Windows环境下,运行ShardingSphere-Proxy,找不到或无法加载主类 org.apache.shardingsphere.proxy.Bootstrap,如何解决?</a></li>
<li><a href="#15-type-is-required-异常的解决方法">15. Type is required 异常的解决方法?</a></li>
<li><a href="#16-为什么我实现了shardingkeygenerator接口也配置了type但是自定义的分布式主键依然不生效">16. 为什么我实现了<code>ShardingKeyGenerator</code>接口,也配置了Type,但是自定义的分布式主键依然不生效?</a></li>
<li><a href="#17-jpa-和-数据加密无法一起使用如何解决">17. JPA 和 数据加密无法一起使用,如何解决?</a></li>
<li><a href="#18-服务启动时如何加快metadata加载速度">18. 服务启动时如何加快<code>metadata</code>加载速度?</a></li>
<li><a href="#19-如何在inline分表策略时允许执行范围查询操作between-and">19. 如何在inline分表策略时,允许执行范围查询操作(BETWEEN AND、&gt;、&lt;、&gt;=、&lt;=)?</a></li>
<li><a href="#20-为什么配置了某个数据连接池的spring-boot-starter比如druid和shardingsphere-jdbc-spring-boot-starter时系统启动会报错">20. 为什么配置了某个数据连接池的spring-boot-starter(比如druid)和shardingsphere-jdbc-spring-boot-starter时,系统启动会报错?</a></li>
<li><a href="#21-在使用sharing-proxy的时候如何动态在shardingsphere-ui上添加新的logic-schema">21. 在使用sharing-proxy的时候,如何动态在ShardingSphere-UI上添加新的logic schema?</a></li>
<li><a href="#22-在使用shardingsphere-proxy时怎么使用合适的工具连接到shardingsphere-proxy">22. 在使用ShardingSphere-Proxy时,怎么使用合适的工具连接到ShardingSphere-Proxy?</a></li>
<li><a href="#23-引入shardingsphere-transaction-xa-core后如何避免spring-boot自动加载默认的jtatransactionmanager">23. 引入<code>shardingsphere-transaction-xa-core</code>后,如何避免spring-boot自动加载默认的JtaTransactionManager?</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<h2 id="1-如果sql在shardingsphere中执行不正确该如何调试">1. 如果SQL在ShardingSphere中执行不正确,该如何调试?</h2>
<p>回答:</p>
<p>在ShardingSphere-Proxy以及ShardingSphere-JDBC 1.5.0版本之后提供了<code>sql.show</code>的配置,可以将解析上下文和改写后的SQL以及最终路由至的数据源的细节信息全部打印至info日志。
<code>sql.show</code>配置默认关闭,如果需要请通过配置开启。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>注意:5.x版本以后,<code>sql.show</code>参数调整为<code>sql-show</code></p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="2-阅读源码时为什么会出现编译错误">2. 阅读源码时为什么会出现编译错误?</h2>
<p>回答:</p>
<p>ShardingSphere使用lombok实现极简代码。关于更多使用和安装细节,请参考<a href="https://projectlombok.org/download.html">lombok官网</a></p>
<h2 id="3-使用spring命名空间时找不到xsd">3. 使用Spring命名空间时找不到xsd?</h2>
<p>回答:</p>
<p>Spring命名空间使用规范并未强制要求将xsd文件部署至公网地址,但考虑到部分用户的需求,我们也将相关xsd文件部署至ShardingSphere官网。</p>
<p>实际上 shardingsphere-jdbc-spring-namespace 的 jar 包中 META-INF\spring.schemas 配置了 xsd 文件的位置:
META-INF\namespace\sharding.xsd 和 META-INF\namespace\replica-query.xsd,只需确保 jar 包中该文件存在即可。</p>
<h2 id="4-cloud-not-resolve-placeholder--in-string-value-异常的解决方法">4. Cloud not resolve placeholder &hellip; in string value &hellip;异常的解决方法?</h2>
<p>回答:</p>
<p>行表达式标识符可以使用<code>${...}</code><code>$-&gt;{...}</code>,但前者与Spring本身的属性文件占位符冲突,因此在Spring环境中使用行表达式标识符建议使用<code>$-&gt;{...}</code></p>
<h2 id="5-inline表达式返回结果为何出现浮点数">5. inline表达式返回结果为何出现浮点数?</h2>
<p>回答:</p>
<p>Java的整数相除结果是整数,但是对于inline表达式中的Groovy语法则不同,整数相除结果是浮点数。
想获得除法整数结果需要将A/B改为A.intdiv(B)。</p>
<h2 id="6-如果只有部分数据库分库分表是否需要将不分库分表的表也配置在分片规则中">6. 如果只有部分数据库分库分表,是否需要将不分库分表的表也配置在分片规则中?</h2>
<p>回答:</p>
<p>是的。因为ShardingSphere是将多个数据源合并为一个统一的逻辑数据源。因此即使不分库分表的部分,不配置分片规则ShardingSphere即无法精确的断定应该路由至哪个数据源。
但是ShardingSphere提供了两种变通的方式,有助于简化配置。</p>
<p>方法1:配置default-data-source,凡是在默认数据源中的表可以无需配置在分片规则中,ShardingSphere将在找不到分片数据源的情况下将表路由至默认数据源。</p>
<p>方法2:将不参与分库分表的数据源独立于ShardingSphere之外,在应用中使用多个数据源分别处理分片和不分片的情况。</p>
<h2 id="7-shardingsphere除了支持自带的分布式自增主键之外还能否支持原生的自增主键">7. ShardingSphere除了支持自带的分布式自增主键之外,还能否支持原生的自增主键?</h2>
<p>回答:是的,可以支持。但原生自增主键有使用限制,即不能将原生自增主键同时作为分片键使用。</p>
<p>由于ShardingSphere并不知晓数据库的表结构,而原生自增主键是不包含在原始SQL中内的,因此ShardingSphere无法将该字段解析为分片字段。如自增主键非分片键,则无需关注,可正常返回;若自增主键同时作为分片键使用,ShardingSphere无法解析其分片值,导致SQL路由至多张表,从而影响应用的正确性。</p>
<p>而原生自增主键返回的前提条件是INSERT SQL必须最终路由至一张表,因此,面对返回多表的INSERT SQL,自增主键则会返回零。</p>
<h2 id="8-指定了泛型为long的singlekeytableshardingalgorithm遇到classcastexception-integer-can-not-cast-to-long">8. 指定了泛型为Long的<code>SingleKeyTableShardingAlgorithm</code>,遇到<code>ClassCastException: Integer can not cast to Long</code>?</h2>
<p>回答:</p>
<p>必须确保数据库表中该字段和分片算法该字段类型一致,如:数据库中该字段类型为int(11),泛型所对应的分片类型应为Integer,如果需要配置为Long类型,请确保数据库中该字段类型为bigint。</p>
<h2 id="9-使用sqlsever和postgresql时聚合列不加别名会抛异常">9. 使用SQLSever和PostgreSQL时,聚合列不加别名会抛异常?</h2>
<p>回答:</p>
<p>SQLServer和PostgreSQL获取不加别名的聚合列会改名。例如,如下SQL:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#66d9ef">SELECT</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">SUM</span>(num), <span style="color:#66d9ef">SUM</span>(num2) <span style="color:#66d9ef">FROM</span> tablexxx;
</code></pre></div><p>SQLServer获取到的列为空字符串和(2),PostgreSQL获取到的列为空sum和sum(2)。这将导致ShardingSphere在结果归并时无法找到相应的列而出错。</p>
<p>正确的SQL写法应为:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#66d9ef">SELECT</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">SUM</span>(num) <span style="color:#66d9ef">AS</span> sum_num, <span style="color:#66d9ef">SUM</span>(num2) <span style="color:#66d9ef">AS</span> sum_num2 <span style="color:#66d9ef">FROM</span> tablexxx;
</code></pre></div><h2 id="10-oracle数据库使用timestamp类型的order-by语句抛出异常提示order-by-value-must-implements-comparable">10. Oracle数据库使用Timestamp类型的Order By语句抛出异常提示“Order by value must implements Comparable”?</h2>
<p>回答:</p>
<p>针对上面问题解决方式有两种:
1.配置启动JVM参数“-oracle.jdbc.J2EE13Compliant=true”
2.通过代码在项目初始化时设置System.getProperties().setProperty(&ldquo;oracle.jdbc.J2EE13Compliant&rdquo;, &ldquo;true&rdquo;);</p>
<p>原因如下:</p>
<p><code>org.apache.shardingsphere.sharding.merge.dql.orderby.OrderByValue#getOrderValues()</code>方法如下:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java"> <span style="color:#66d9ef">private</span> List<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>Comparable<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;?&gt;&gt;</span> getOrderValues<span style="color:#f92672">()</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">throws</span> SQLException <span style="color:#f92672">{</span>
List<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;</span>Comparable<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;?&gt;&gt;</span> result <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">new</span> ArrayList<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;&gt;(</span>orderByItems<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">size</span><span style="color:#f92672">());</span>
<span style="color:#66d9ef">for</span> <span style="color:#f92672">(</span>OrderItem each <span style="color:#f92672">:</span> orderByItems<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#f92672">{</span>
Object value <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> resultSet<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">getObject</span><span style="color:#f92672">(</span>each<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">getIndex</span><span style="color:#f92672">());</span>
Preconditions<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">checkState</span><span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">null</span> <span style="color:#f92672">==</span> value <span style="color:#f92672">||</span> value <span style="color:#66d9ef">instanceof</span> Comparable<span style="color:#f92672">,</span> <span style="color:#e6db74">&#34;Order by value must implements Comparable&#34;</span><span style="color:#f92672">);</span>
result<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">add</span><span style="color:#f92672">((</span>Comparable<span style="color:#f92672">&lt;?&gt;)</span> value<span style="color:#f92672">);</span>
<span style="color:#f92672">}</span>
<span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> result<span style="color:#f92672">;</span>
<span style="color:#f92672">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>使用了resultSet.getObject(int index)方法,针对TimeStamp oracle会根据oracle.jdbc.J2EE13Compliant属性判断返回java.sql.TimeStamp还是自定义oralce.sql.TIMESTAMP
详见 ojdbc 源码 oracle.jdbc.driver.TimestampAccessor#getObject(int var1) 方法:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java"> Object <span style="color:#a6e22e">getObject</span><span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">int</span> var1<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">throws</span> SQLException <span style="color:#f92672">{</span>
Object var2 <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">null</span><span style="color:#f92672">;</span>
<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span><span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">this</span><span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">rowSpaceIndicator</span> <span style="color:#f92672">==</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">null</span><span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#f92672">{</span>
DatabaseError<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">throwSqlException</span><span style="color:#f92672">(</span>21<span style="color:#f92672">);</span>
<span style="color:#f92672">}</span>
<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span><span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">this</span><span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">rowSpaceIndicator</span><span style="color:#f92672">[</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">this</span><span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">indicatorIndex</span> <span style="color:#f92672">+</span> var1<span style="color:#f92672">]</span> <span style="color:#f92672">!=</span> <span style="color:#f92672">-</span>1<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#f92672">{</span>
<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span><span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">this</span><span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">externalType</span> <span style="color:#f92672">!=</span> 0<span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#f92672">{</span>
<span style="color:#66d9ef">switch</span><span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">this</span><span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">externalType</span><span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#f92672">{</span>
<span style="color:#66d9ef">case</span> 93<span style="color:#f92672">:</span>
<span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">this</span><span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">getTimestamp</span><span style="color:#f92672">(</span>var1<span style="color:#f92672">);</span>
<span style="color:#66d9ef">default</span><span style="color:#f92672">:</span>
DatabaseError<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">throwSqlException</span><span style="color:#f92672">(</span>4<span style="color:#f92672">);</span>
<span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">null</span><span style="color:#f92672">;</span>
<span style="color:#f92672">}</span>
<span style="color:#f92672">}</span>
<span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span><span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">this</span><span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">statement</span><span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">connection</span><span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">j2ee13Compliant</span><span style="color:#f92672">)</span> <span style="color:#f92672">{</span>
var2 <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">this</span><span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">getTimestamp</span><span style="color:#f92672">(</span>var1<span style="color:#f92672">);</span>
<span style="color:#f92672">}</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">else</span> <span style="color:#f92672">{</span>
var2 <span style="color:#f92672">=</span> <span style="color:#66d9ef">this</span><span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">getTIMESTAMP</span><span style="color:#f92672">(</span>var1<span style="color:#f92672">);</span>
<span style="color:#f92672">}</span>
<span style="color:#f92672">}</span>
<span style="color:#66d9ef">return</span> var2<span style="color:#f92672">;</span>
<span style="color:#f92672">}</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="11-使用proxool时分库结果不正确">11. 使用<code>Proxool</code>时分库结果不正确?</h2>
<p>回答:</p>
<p>使用Proxool配置多个数据源时,应该为每个数据源设置alias,因为Proxool在获取连接时会判断连接池中是否包含已存在的alias,不配置alias会造成每次都只从一个数据源中获取连接。</p>
<p>以下是Proxool源码中ProxoolDataSource类getConnection方法的关键代码:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java"> <span style="color:#66d9ef">if</span><span style="color:#f92672">(!</span>ConnectionPoolManager<span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">getInstance</span><span style="color:#f92672">().</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">isPoolExists</span><span style="color:#f92672">(</span><span style="color:#66d9ef">this</span><span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">alias</span><span style="color:#f92672">))</span> <span style="color:#f92672">{</span>
<span style="color:#66d9ef">this</span><span style="color:#f92672">.</span><span style="color:#a6e22e">registerPool</span><span style="color:#f92672">();</span>
<span style="color:#f92672">}</span>
</code></pre></div><p>更多关于alias使用方法请参考<a href="http://proxool.sourceforge.net/configure.html">Proxool官网</a></p>
<p>PS:sourceforge网站需要翻墙访问。</p>
<h2 id="12-shardingsphere提供的默认分布式自增主键策略为什么是不连续的且尾数大多为偶数">12. ShardingSphere提供的默认分布式自增主键策略为什么是不连续的,且尾数大多为偶数?</h2>
<p>回答:</p>
<p>ShardingSphere采用snowflake算法作为默认的分布式自增主键策略,用于保证分布式的情况下可以无中心化的生成不重复的自增序列。因此自增主键可以保证递增,但无法保证连续。</p>
<p>而snowflake算法的最后4位是在同一毫秒内的访问递增值。因此,如果毫秒内并发度不高,最后4位为零的几率则很大。因此并发度不高的应用生成偶数主键的几率会更高。</p>
<p>在3.1.0版本中,尾数大多为偶数的问题已彻底解决,参见:https://github.com/apache/shardingsphere/issues/1617</p>
<h2 id="13-windows环境下通过git克隆shardingsphere源码时为什么提示文件名过长如何解决">13. Windows环境下,通过Git克隆ShardingSphere源码时为什么提示文件名过长,如何解决?</h2>
<p>回答:</p>
<p>为保证源码的可读性,ShardingSphere编码规范要求类、方法和变量的命名要做到顾名思义,避免使用缩写,因此可能导致部分源码文件命名较长。由于Windows版本的Git是使用msys编译的,它使用了旧版本的Windows Api,限制文件名不能超过260个字符。</p>
<p>解决方案如下:</p>
<p>打开cmd.exe(你需要将git添加到环境变量中)并执行下面的命令,可以让git支持长文件名:</p>
<pre><code>git config --global core.longpaths true
</code></pre><p>如果是Windows 10,还需要通过注册表或组策略,解除操作系统的文件名长度限制(需要重启):</p>
<blockquote>
<p>在注册表编辑器中创建<code>HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\FileSystem LongPathsEnabled</code>, 类型为<code>REG_DWORD</code>,并设置为1。
或者从系统菜单点击设置图标,输入“编辑组策略”, 然后在打开的窗口依次进入“计算机管理” &gt; “管理模板” &gt; “系统” &gt; “文件系统”,在右侧双击“启用 win32 长路径”。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>参考资料:
<a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/desktop/FileIO/naming-a-file">https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/desktop/FileIO/naming-a-file</a>
<a href="https://ourcodeworld.com/articles/read/109/how-to-solve-filename-too-long-error-in-git-powershell-and-github-application-for-windows">https://ourcodeworld.com/articles/read/109/how-to-solve-filename-too-long-error-in-git-powershell-and-github-application-for-windows</a></p>
<h2 id="14-windows环境下运行shardingsphere-proxy找不到或无法加载主类-orgapacheshardingsphereproxybootstrap如何解决">14. Windows环境下,运行ShardingSphere-Proxy,找不到或无法加载主类 org.apache.shardingsphere.proxy.Bootstrap,如何解决?</h2>
<p>回答:</p>
<p>某些解压缩工具在解压ShardingSphere-Proxy二进制包时可能将文件名截断,导致找不到某些类。</p>
<p>解决方案:</p>
<p>打开cmd.exe并执行下面的命令:</p>
<pre><code>tar zxvf apache-shardingsphere-${RELEASE.VERSION}-shardingsphere-proxy-bin.tar.gz
</code></pre><h2 id="15-type-is-required-异常的解决方法">15. Type is required 异常的解决方法?</h2>
<p>回答:</p>
<p>ShardingSphere中很多功能实现类的加载方式是通过<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/spi/">SPI</a>注入的方式完成的,如分布式主键,注册中心等;这些功能通过配置中type类型来寻找对应的SPI实现,因此必须在配置文件中指定类型。</p>
<h2 id="16-为什么我实现了shardingkeygenerator接口也配置了type但是自定义的分布式主键依然不生效">16. 为什么我实现了<code>ShardingKeyGenerator</code>接口,也配置了Type,但是自定义的分布式主键依然不生效?</h2>
<p>回答:</p>
<p><a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/sound/SPI-intro.html">Service Provider Interface (SPI)</a>是一种为了被第三方实现或扩展的API,除了实现接口外,还需要在META-INF/services中创建对应文件来指定SPI的实现类,JVM才会加载这些服务。</p>
<p>具体的SPI使用方式,请大家自行搜索。</p>
<p>与分布式主键<code>ShardingKeyGenerator</code>接口相同,其他ShardingSphere的<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/cn/features/spi/">扩展功能</a>也需要用相同的方式注入才能生效。</p>
<h2 id="17-jpa-和-数据加密无法一起使用如何解决">17. JPA 和 数据加密无法一起使用,如何解决?</h2>
<p>回答:</p>
<p>由于数据加密的DDL尚未开发完成,因此对于自动生成DDL语句的JPA与数据加密一起使用时,会导致JPA的实体类(Entity)无法同时满足DDL和DML的情况。</p>
<p>解决方案如下:</p>
<ol>
<li>以需要加密的逻辑列名编写JPA的实体类(Entity)。</li>
<li>关闭JPA的auto-ddl,如 auto-ddl=none。</li>
<li>手动建表,建表时应使用数据加密配置的<code>cipherColumn</code>,<code>plainColumn</code><code>assistedQueryColumn</code>代替逻辑列。</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="18-服务启动时如何加快metadata加载速度">18. 服务启动时如何加快<code>metadata</code>加载速度?</h2>
<p>回答:</p>
<ol>
<li>升级到<code>4.0.1</code>以上的版本,以提高<code>default dataSource</code>的table metadata的加载速度。</li>
<li>参照你采用的连接池,将:</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>配置项<code>max.connections.size.per.query</code>(默认值为1)调高(版本 &gt;= 3.0.0.M3且低于5.0.0)。</li>
<li>配置项<code>max-connections-size-per-query</code>(默认值为1)调高(版本 &gt;= 5.0.0)。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="19-如何在inline分表策略时允许执行范围查询操作between-and">19. 如何在inline分表策略时,允许执行范围查询操作(BETWEEN AND、&gt;、&lt;、&gt;=、&lt;=)?</h2>
<p>回答:</p>
<ol>
<li>需要使用4.1.0或更高版本。</li>
<li>调整以下配置项(需要注意的是,此时所有的范围查询将会使用广播的方式查询每一个分表):</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>4.x版本:<code>allow.range.query.with.inline.sharding</code>设置为true即可(默认为false)。</li>
<li>5.x版本:在InlineShardingStrategy中将<code>allow-range-query-with-inline-sharding</code>设置为true即可(默认为false)。</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="20-为什么配置了某个数据连接池的spring-boot-starter比如druid和shardingsphere-jdbc-spring-boot-starter时系统启动会报错">20. 为什么配置了某个数据连接池的spring-boot-starter(比如druid)和shardingsphere-jdbc-spring-boot-starter时,系统启动会报错?</h2>
<p>回答:</p>
<ol>
<li>因为数据连接池的starter(比如druid)可能会先加载并且其创建一个默认数据源,这将会使得ShardingSphere-JDBC创建数据源时发生冲突。</li>
<li>解决办法为,去掉数据连接池的starter即可,sharing-jdbc自己会创建数据连接池。</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="21-在使用sharing-proxy的时候如何动态在shardingsphere-ui上添加新的logic-schema">21. 在使用sharing-proxy的时候,如何动态在ShardingSphere-UI上添加新的logic schema?</h2>
<p>回答:</p>
<ol>
<li>4.1.0之前的版本不支持动态添加或删除logic schema的功能,例如一个proxy启动的时候有2个logic schema,就会一直持有这2个schema,只能感知这两个schema内部的表和rule的变更事件。</li>
<li>4.1.0版本支持在ShardingSphere-UI或直接在zookeeper上增加新的logic schema,删除logic schema的功能计划在5.0.0版本支持。</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="22-在使用shardingsphere-proxy时怎么使用合适的工具连接到shardingsphere-proxy">22. 在使用ShardingSphere-Proxy时,怎么使用合适的工具连接到ShardingSphere-Proxy?</h2>
<p>回答:</p>
<ol>
<li>ShardingSphere-Proxy可以看做是一个mysql server,所以首选支持mysql命令连接和操作。</li>
<li>如果使用其他第三方数据库工具,可能由于不同工具的特定实现导致出现异常。建议选择特定版本的工具或者打开特定参数,例如使用Navicat 11.1.13版本(不建议12.x),使用IDEA/DataGrip时打开<code>introspect using JDBC metadata</code>选项。</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="23-引入shardingsphere-transaction-xa-core后如何避免spring-boot自动加载默认的jtatransactionmanager">23. 引入<code>shardingsphere-transaction-xa-core</code>后,如何避免spring-boot自动加载默认的JtaTransactionManager?</h2>
<p>回答:</p>
<ol>
<li>需要在spring-boot的引导类中添加 <code>@SpringBootApplication(exclude = JtaAutoConfiguration.class)</code></li>
</ol>
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