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<b>1. </b>Overview
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<b>1.1 </b>What is ShardingSphere
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<b>1.2 </b>Design Philosophy
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<b>1.3 </b>Deployment
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<b>2. </b>Quick Start
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<b>2.1. </b>ShardingSphere-JDBC
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<b>2.2. </b>ShardingSphere-Proxy
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<b>3. </b>Features
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<b>3.1. </b>Sharding
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Core Concept
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<b>3.2. </b>Distributed Transaction
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<b>3.3. </b>Readwrite-splitting
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<b>3.4. </b>HA
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Core Concept
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Limitations
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style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.5. </b>DB Gateway
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/db-gateway/concept/" title="Core Concept" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/db-gateway/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Core Concept
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/db-gateway/limitations/" title="Limitations" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/db-gateway/limitations/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Limitations
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/management/" title="Traffic Governance" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/management/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.6. </b>Traffic Governance
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/management/concept/" title="Core Concept" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/management/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Core Concept
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/scaling/" title="Data Migration" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/scaling/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.7. </b>Data Migration
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/scaling/concept/" title="Core Concept" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/scaling/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Core Concept
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/scaling/limitations/" title="Limitations" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/scaling/limitations/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Limitations
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/encrypt/" title="Encryption" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/encrypt/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.8. </b>Encryption
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/encrypt/concept/" title="Core Concept" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/encrypt/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Core Concept
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/encrypt/limitations/" title="Limitations" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/encrypt/limitations/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Limitations
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/shadow/" title="Shadow" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/shadow/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.9. </b>Shadow
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/shadow/concept/" title="Core Concept" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/shadow/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Core Concept
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/shadow/limitations/" title="Limitations" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/shadow/limitations/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Limitations
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/observability/" title="Observability" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/observability/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.10. </b>Observability
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/observability/concept/" title="Core Concept" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/observability/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Core Concept
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/" title="User Manual" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4. </b>User Manual
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/" title="ShardingSphere-JDBC" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.1. </b>ShardingSphere-JDBC
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/" title="Java API" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Java API
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/mode/" title="Mode" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/mode/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Mode
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/data-source/" title="Data Source" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/data-source/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Data Source
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/rules/" title="Rules" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/rules/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Rules
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/rules/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/rules/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/rules/readwrite-splitting/" title="Readwrite-splitting" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/rules/readwrite-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Readwrite-splitting
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/rules/transaction/" title="Distributed Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/rules/transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Distributed Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/rules/ha/" title="HA" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/rules/ha/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
HA
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/rules/encrypt/" title="Encryption" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/rules/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encryption
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/rules/shadow/" title="Shadow DB" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/rules/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Shadow DB
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/rules/sql-parser/" title="SQL Parser" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/rules/sql-parser/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
SQL Parser
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/rules/sql-translator/" title="SQL Translator" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/rules/sql-translator/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
SQL Translator
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/rules/mix/" title="Mixed Rules" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/java-api/rules/mix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Mixed Rules
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/" title="YAML Configuration" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
YAML Configuration
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/mode/" title="Mode" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/mode/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Mode
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/data-source/" title="Data Source" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/data-source/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Data Source
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/rules/" title="Rules" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/rules/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Rules
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/rules/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/rules/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/rules/readwrite-splitting/" title="Readwrite-splitting" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/rules/readwrite-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Readwrite-splitting
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/rules/transaction/" title="Distributed Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/rules/transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Distributed Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/rules/ha/" title="HA" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/rules/ha/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
HA
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/rules/encrypt/" title="Encryption" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/rules/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encryption
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/rules/shadow/" title="Shadow DB" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/rules/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Shadow DB
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/rules/sql-parser/" title="SQL-parser" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/rules/sql-parser/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
SQL-parser
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/rules/sql-translator/" title="SQL Translator" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/rules/sql-translator/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
SQL Translator
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/rules/mix/" title="Mixed Rules" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/rules/mix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Mixed Rules
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/jdbc-driver/" title="JDBC Driver" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/jdbc-driver/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
JDBC Driver
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-boot-starter/" title="Spring Boot Starter" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-boot-starter/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
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viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
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</svg>
</i>
Spring Boot Starter
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-boot-starter/mode/" title="Mode" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-boot-starter/mode/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Mode
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-boot-starter/data-source/" title="Data Source" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-boot-starter/data-source/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Data Source
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-boot-starter/rules/" title="Rules" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-boot-starter/rules/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
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</svg>
</i>
Rules
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-boot-starter/rules/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-boot-starter/rules/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-boot-starter/rules/readwrite-splitting/" title="Readwrite splitting" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-boot-starter/rules/readwrite-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Readwrite splitting
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-boot-starter/rules/ha/" title="HA" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-boot-starter/rules/ha/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
HA
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-boot-starter/rules/encrypt/" title="Encryption" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-boot-starter/rules/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encryption
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-boot-starter/rules/shadow/" title="Shadow DB" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-boot-starter/rules/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Shadow DB
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-boot-starter/rules/sql-parser/" title="SQL Parser" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-boot-starter/rules/sql-parser/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
SQL Parser
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-boot-starter/rules/mix/" title="Mixed Rules" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-boot-starter/rules/mix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Mixed Rules
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-namespace/" title="Spring Namespace" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-namespace/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
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</svg>
</i>
Spring Namespace
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-namespace/mode/" title="Mode" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-namespace/mode/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Mode
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-namespace/data-source/" title="Data Source" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-namespace/data-source/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Data Source
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-namespace/rules/" title="Rules" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-namespace/rules/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Rules
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-namespace/rules/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-namespace/rules/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-namespace/rules/readwrite-splitting/" title="Readwrite-splitting" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-namespace/rules/readwrite-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Readwrite-splitting
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-namespace/rules/ha/" title="HA" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-namespace/rules/ha/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
HA
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-namespace/rules/encrypt/" title="Encryption" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-namespace/rules/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encryption
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-namespace/rules/shadow/" title="Shadow DB" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-namespace/rules/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Shadow DB
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-namespace/rules/sql-parser/" title="SQL Parser" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-namespace/rules/sql-parser/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
SQL Parser
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-namespace/rules/mix/" title="Mixed Rules" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/spring-namespace/rules/mix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Mixed Rules
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/props/" title="Properties Configuration" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/props/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Properties Configuration
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/builtin-algorithm/" title="Builtin Algorithm" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/builtin-algorithm/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Builtin Algorithm
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/builtin-algorithm/metadata-repository/" title="Metadata Repository" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/builtin-algorithm/metadata-repository/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Metadata Repository
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/builtin-algorithm/sharding/" title="Sharding Algorithm" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/builtin-algorithm/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding Algorithm
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/builtin-algorithm/keygen/" title="Key Generate Algorithm" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/builtin-algorithm/keygen/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Key Generate Algorithm
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/builtin-algorithm/load-balance/" title="Load Balance Algorithm" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/builtin-algorithm/load-balance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Load Balance Algorithm
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/builtin-algorithm/encrypt/" title="Encryption Algorithm" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/builtin-algorithm/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encryption Algorithm
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/builtin-algorithm/shadow/" title="Shadow Algorithm" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/builtin-algorithm/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Shadow Algorithm
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/builtin-algorithm/sql-translator/" title="SQL Translator" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/builtin-algorithm/sql-translator/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
SQL Translator
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/" title="Special API" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Special API
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/sharding/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Sharding
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/sharding/hint/" title="Hint" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/sharding/hint/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Hint
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/readwrite-splitting/" title="Readwrite Splitting" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/readwrite-splitting/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Readwrite Splitting
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/readwrite-splitting/hint/" title="Hint" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/readwrite-splitting/hint/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Hint
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/transaction/" title="Transaction" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/transaction/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Transaction
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/transaction/java-api/" title="Use Java API" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/transaction/java-api/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Java API
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/transaction/spring-boot-starter/" title="Use Spring Boot Starter" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/transaction/spring-boot-starter/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Spring Boot Starter
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/transaction/spring-namespace/" title="Use Spring Namespace" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/transaction/spring-namespace/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Spring Namespace
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/transaction/atomikos/" title="Atomikos Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/transaction/atomikos/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Atomikos Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/transaction/bitronix/" title="Bitronix Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/transaction/bitronix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Bitronix Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/transaction/narayana/" title="Narayana Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/transaction/narayana/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Narayana Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/transaction/seata/" title="Seata Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/special-api/transaction/seata/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Seata Transaction
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/unsupported/" title="Unsupported Items" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/unsupported/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Unsupported Items
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/" title="ShardingSphere-Proxy" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.2. </b>ShardingSphere-Proxy
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/startup/" title="Startup" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/startup/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Startup
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/startup/bin/" title="Use Binary Tar" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/startup/bin/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Binary Tar
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/startup/docker/" title="Use Docker" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/startup/docker/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Docker
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/startup/helm/" title="Use Helm" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/startup/helm/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Helm
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/yaml-config/" title="Yaml Configuration" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/yaml-config/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Yaml Configuration
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/yaml-config/authentication/" title="Authorization" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/yaml-config/authentication/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Authorization
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/yaml-config/props/" title="Properties" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/yaml-config/props/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Properties
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/yaml-config/rules/" title="Rules" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/yaml-config/rules/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Rules
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/" title="DistSQL" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
DistSQL
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/" title="Syntax" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Syntax
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rdl/" title="RDL Syntax" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rdl/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
RDL Syntax
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rdl/resource-definition/" title="Resource Definition" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rdl/resource-definition/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Resource Definition
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/" title="Rule Definition" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Rule Definition
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/single-table/" title="Single Table" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/single-table/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Single Table
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/readwrite-splitting/" title="Readwrite-Splitting" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/readwrite-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Readwrite-Splitting
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/db-discovery/" title="DB Discovery" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/db-discovery/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
DB Discovery
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/encrypt/" title="Encrypt" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encrypt
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/shadow/" title="Shadow" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Shadow
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rql/" title="RQL Syntax" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rql/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
RQL Syntax
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rql/resource-query/" title="Resource Query" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rql/resource-query/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Resource Query
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rql/rule-query/" title="Rule Query" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rql/rule-query/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Rule Query
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rql/rule-query/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rql/rule-query/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rql/rule-query/single-table/" title="Single Table" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rql/rule-query/single-table/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Single Table
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rql/rule-query/readwrite-splitting/" title="Readwrite-Splitting" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rql/rule-query/readwrite-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Readwrite-Splitting
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rql/rule-query/db-discovery/" title="DB Discovery" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rql/rule-query/db-discovery/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
DB Discovery
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rql/rule-query/encrypt/" title="Encrypt" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rql/rule-query/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encrypt
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rql/rule-query/shadow/" title="Shadow" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rql/rule-query/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Shadow
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/ral/" title="RAL Syntax" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/ral/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
RAL Syntax
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rul/" title="RUL Syntax" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/syntax/rul/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
RUL Syntax
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/usage/" title="Usage" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/usage/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Usage
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/usage/sharding-rule/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/usage/sharding-rule/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/usage/readwirte-splitting-rule/" title="Readwrite_splitting" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/usage/readwirte-splitting-rule/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Readwrite_splitting
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/usage/encrypt-rule/" title="Encrypt" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/usage/encrypt-rule/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encrypt
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/usage/db-discovery/" title="DB Discovery" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/usage/db-discovery/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
DB Discovery
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/usage/shadow-rule/" title="Shadow" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/distsql/usage/shadow-rule/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Shadow
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/scaling/" title="Scaling" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/scaling/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Scaling
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/scaling/build/" title="Build" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/scaling/build/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Build
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/scaling/usage/" title="Manual" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/scaling/usage/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Manual
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/observability/" title="Observability" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/observability/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
Observability
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/" title="Dev Manual" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>5. </b>Dev Manual
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/mode/" title="Mode" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/mode/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.1. </b>Mode
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/configuration/" title="Configuration" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/configuration/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.2. </b>Configuration
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/kernel/" title="Kernel" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/kernel/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.3. </b>Kernel
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/data-source/" title="DataSource" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/data-source/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.4. </b>DataSource
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/sql-parser/" title="SQL Parser" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/sql-parser/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.5. </b>SQL Parser
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/proxy/" title="Proxy" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/proxy/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.6. </b>Proxy
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/sharding/" title="Data Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.7. </b>Data Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/readwrite-splitting/" title="Readwrite-splitting" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/readwrite-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.8. </b>Readwrite-splitting
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/ha/" title="HA" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/ha/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.9. </b>HA
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/transaction/" title="Distributed Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.10. </b>Distributed Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/sql-check/" title="SQL Checker" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/sql-check/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.11. </b>SQL Checker
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/encrypt/" title="Encryption" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.12. </b>Encryption
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/shadow/" title="Shadow DB" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.13. </b>Shadow DB
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/agent/" title="Observability" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/agent/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.14. </b>Observability
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/test-manual/" title="Test Manual" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/test-manual/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>6. </b>Test Manual
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/test-manual/integration-test/" title="Integration Test" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/test-manual/integration-test/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>6.1. </b>Integration Test
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/test-manual/performance-test/" title="Performance Test" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/test-manual/performance-test/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>6.2. </b>Performance Test
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/test-manual/performance-test/sysbench-proxy-norules-test/" title="SysBench ShardingSphere-Proxy Empty Rule Performance Test" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/test-manual/performance-test/sysbench-proxy-norules-test/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
SysBench ShardingSphere-Proxy Empty Rule Performance Test
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/test-manual/performance-test/benchmarksql-proxy-sharding-test/" title="BenchmarkSQL ShardingSphere-Proxy Sharding Performance Test" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/test-manual/performance-test/benchmarksql-proxy-sharding-test/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
BenchmarkSQL ShardingSphere-Proxy Sharding Performance Test
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/test-manual/module-test/" title="Module Test" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/test-manual/module-test/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>6.3. </b>Module Test
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/test-manual/module-test/parser-test/" title="SQL Parser Test" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/test-manual/module-test/parser-test/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
SQL Parser Test
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/test-manual/module-test/rewrite-test/" title="SQL Rewrite Test" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/test-manual/module-test/rewrite-test/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
SQL Rewrite Test
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/test-manual/scaling-integration-test/" title="Scaling Integration Test" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/test-manual/scaling-integration-test/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>6.4. </b>Scaling Integration Test
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/" title="Reference" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>7. </b>Reference
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/db-compatibility/" title="Database Compatibility" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/db-compatibility/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>7.1. </b>Database Compatibility
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/gateway/" title="Database Gateway" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/gateway/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>7.2. </b>Database Gateway
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/management/" title="Management" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/management/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>7.3. </b>Management
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/sharding/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>7.4. </b>Sharding
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/sharding/parse/" title="Parse Engine" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/sharding/parse/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Parse Engine
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/sharding/route/" title="Route Engine" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/sharding/route/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Route Engine
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/sharding/rewrite/" title="Rewrite Engine" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/sharding/rewrite/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Rewrite Engine
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/sharding/execute/" title="Execute Engine" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/sharding/execute/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Execute Engine
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/sharding/merge/" title="Merger Engine" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/sharding/merge/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Merger Engine
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/transaction/" title="Transaction" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/transaction/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>7.5. </b>Transaction
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/transaction/2pc-xa-transaction/" title="XA Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/transaction/2pc-xa-transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
XA Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/transaction/base-transaction-seata/" title="Seata BASE transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/transaction/base-transaction-seata/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Seata BASE transaction
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/scaling/" title="Data Migration" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/scaling/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>7.6. </b>Data Migration
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/encrypt/" title="Encryption" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/encrypt/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>7.7. </b>Encryption
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/shadow/" title="Shadow" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/shadow/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>7.8. </b>Shadow
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/observability/" title="Oberservability" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/observability/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>7.9. </b>Oberservability
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/distsql/" title="DistSQL" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/distsql/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>7.10. </b>DistSQL
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/distsql/syntax/" title="Syntax" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/distsql/syntax/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Syntax
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/" title="RDL Syntax" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
RDL Syntax
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/resource-definition/" title="Resource Definition" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/resource-definition/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Resource Definition
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/resource-definition/add-resource/" title="ADD RESOURCE" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/resource-definition/add-resource/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
ADD RESOURCE
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/resource-definition/alter-resource/" title="ALTER RESOURCE" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/resource-definition/alter-resource/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
ALTER RESOURCE
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/resource-definition/drop-resource/" title="DROP RESOURCE" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/resource-definition/drop-resource/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
DROP RESOURCE
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/" title="Rule Definition" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Rule Definition
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/sharding/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Sharding
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/sharding/create-sharding-table-rule/" title="CREATE SHARDING TABLE RULE" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/sharding/create-sharding-table-rule/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
CREATE SHARDING TABLE RULE
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/sharding/alter-sharding-table-rule/" title="ALTER SHARDING TABLE RULE" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/sharding/alter-sharding-table-rule/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
ALTER SHARDING TABLE RULE
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/sharding/create-sharding-algorithm/" title="CREATE SHARDING ALGORITHM" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/sharding/create-sharding-algorithm/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
CREATE SHARDING ALGORITHM
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/sharding/create-default-sharding-strategy/" title="CREATE DEFAULT SHARDING STRATEGY" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/sharding/create-default-sharding-strategy/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
CREATE DEFAULT SHARDING STRATEGY
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/sharding/create-sharding-binding-table-rule/" title="CREATE SHARDING BINDING TABLE RULE" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/sharding/create-sharding-binding-table-rule/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
CREATE SHARDING BINDING TABLE RULE
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/sharding/create-sharding-broadcast-table-rule/" title="CREATE SHARDING BROADCAST TABLE RULE" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/sharding/create-sharding-broadcast-table-rule/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
CREATE SHARDING BROADCAST TABLE RULE
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/sharding/create-sharding-key-generator/" title="CREATE SHARDING KEY GENERATOR" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/sharding/create-sharding-key-generator/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
CREATE SHARDING KEY GENERATOR
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/single-table/" title="Single Table" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/reference/distsql/syntax/rdl/rule-definition/single-table/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
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<li><a href="#vertical-sharding">Vertical Sharding</a></li>
<li><a href="#horizontal-sharding">Horizontal Sharding</a></li>
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<li><a href="#challenges">Challenges</a></li>
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<li><a href="#mass-data-high-concurrency-in-oltp-scenarios">Mass data high concurrency in OLTP scenarios</a></li>
<li><a href="#mass-data-real-time-analysis-in-olap-scenarios">Mass data real-time analysis in OLAP scenarios</a></li>
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<h2 id="background">Background</h2>
<p>The traditional solution that stores all the data in one concentrated node has hardly satisfied the requirement of massive data scenario in three aspects, performance, availability and operation cost.</p>
<p>In performance, the relational database mostly uses B+ tree index. When the data amount exceeds the threshold, deeper index will increase the disk IO access number, and thereby, weaken the performance of query. In the same time, high concurrency requests also make the centralized database to be the greatest limitation of the system.</p>
<p>In availability, capacity can be expanded at a relatively low cost and any extent with stateless service, which can make all the pressure, at last, fall on the database. But the single data node or simple primary-replica structure has been harder and harder to take these pressures. Therefore, database availability has become the key to the whole system.</p>
<p>From the aspect of operation costs, when the data in a database instance has reached above the threshold, DBA’s operation pressure will also increase. The time cost of data backup and data recovery will be more uncontrollable with increasing amount of data. Generally, it is a relatively reasonable range for the data in single database case to be within 1TB.</p>
<p>Under the circumstance that traditional relational databases cannot satisfy the requirement of the Internet, there are more and more attempts to store the data in native distributed NoSQL. But its incompatibility with SQL and imperfection in ecosystem block it from defeating the relational database in the competition, so the relational database still holds an unshakable position.</p>
<p>Sharding refers to splitting the data in one database and storing them in multiple tables and databases according to some certain standard, so that the performance and availability can be improved. Both methods can effectively avoid the query limitation caused by data exceeding affordable threshold. What’s more, database sharding can also effectively disperse TPS. Table sharding, though cannot ease the database pressure, can provide possibilities to transfer distributed transactions to local transactions, since cross-database upgrades are once involved, distributed transactions can turn pretty tricky sometimes. The use of multiple primary-replica sharding method can effectively avoid the data concentrating on one node and increase the architecture availability.</p>
<p>Splitting data through database sharding and table sharding is an effective method to deal with high TPS and mass amount data system, because it can keep the data amount lower than the threshold and evacuate the traffic. Sharding method can be divided into vertical sharding and horizontal sharding.</p>
<h3 id="vertical-sharding">Vertical Sharding</h3>
<p>According to business sharding method, it is called vertical sharding, or longitudinal sharding, the core concept of which is to specialize databases for different uses. Before sharding, a database consists of many tables corresponding to different businesses. But after sharding, tables are categorized into different databases according to business, and the pressure is also separated into different databases. The diagram below has presented the solution to assign user tables and order tables to different databases by vertical sharding according to business need.</p>
<p><img src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/img/sharding/vertical_sharding.png" alt="Vertical Sharding"></p>
<p>Vertical sharding requires to adjust the architecture and design from time to time. Generally speaking, it is not soon enough to deal with fast changing needs from Internet business and not able to really solve the single-node problem. it can ease problems brought by the high data amount and concurrency amount, but cannot solve them completely. After vertical sharding, if the data amount in the table still exceeds the single node threshold, it should be further processed by horizontal sharding.</p>
<h3 id="horizontal-sharding">Horizontal Sharding</h3>
<p>Horizontal sharding is also called transverse sharding. Compared with the categorization method according to business logic of vertical sharding, horizontal sharding categorizes data to multiple databases or tables according to some certain rules through certain fields, with each sharding containing only part of the data. For example, according to primary key sharding, even primary keys are put into the 0 database (or table) and odd primary keys are put into the 1 database (or table), which is illustrated as the following diagram.</p>
<p><img src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/img/sharding/horizontal_sharding.png" alt="Horizontal Sharding"></p>
<p>Theoretically, horizontal sharding has overcome the limitation of data processing volume in single machine and can be extended relatively freely, so it can be taken as a standard solution to database sharding and table sharding.</p>
<h2 id="challenges">Challenges</h2>
<p>Although data sharding solves problems regarding performance, availability, and backup recovery of single points, the distributed architecture has introduced new problems while gaining benefits.</p>
<p>One of the major challenges is that application development engineers and database administrators become extremely overwhelmed with all these operations after such a scattered way of data sharding. They need to know from which specific sub-table can they fetch the data needed.</p>
<p>Another challenge is that SQL that works correctly in one single-node database does not necessarily work correctly in a sharded database. For example, table splitting results in table name changes, or incorrect handling of operations such as paging, sorting, and aggregate grouping.</p>
<p>Cross-library transactions are also tricky for a distributed database cluster. Reasonable use of table splitting can minimize the use of local transactions while reducing the amount of data in a single table, and appropriate use of different tables in the same database can effectively avoid the trouble caused by distributed transactions. In scenarios where cross-library transactions cannot be avoided, some businesses might still be in the need to maintain transaction consistency. The XA-based distributed transactions are not used by Internet giants on a large scale because their performance cannot meet the needs in scenarios with high concurrency, and most of them use flexible transactions with ultimate consistency instead of strong consistent transactions.</p>
<h2 id="goal">Goal</h2>
<p>The main design goal of the data sharding modular of Apache ShardingSphere is to try to reduce the influence of sharding, in order to let users use horizontal sharding database group like one database.</p>
<h2 id="application-scenarios">Application Scenarios</h2>
<h3 id="mass-data-high-concurrency-in-oltp-scenarios">Mass data high concurrency in OLTP scenarios</h3>
<p>Most relational databases use B+ tree indexes, but when the amount of data exceeds the threshold, the increase in index depth will also increase the number of I/O in accessing the disk, which will lower the query performance.
Data sharding through ShardingSphere enables data stored in a single database to be dispersed into multiple databases or tables according to a business dimension, which improves performance. The ShardingSphere-JDBC access port can meet the performance requirements of high concurrency in OLTP scenarios.</p>
<h3 id="mass-data-real-time-analysis-in-olap-scenarios">Mass data real-time analysis in OLAP scenarios</h3>
<p>In traditional database architecture, if users want to analyze data, they need to use ETL tools first, synchronize the data to the data platform, and then perform data analysis.
However, ETL tools will greatly reduce the effectiveness of data analysis. ShardingSphere-Proxy provides support for static entry and heterogeneous languages, independent of application deployment, which is suitable for real-time analysis in OLAP scenarios.</p>
<h2 id="related-references">Related References</h2>
<ul>
<li>User Guide: <a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-config/rules/sharding/">sharding</a></li>
<li>Developer Guide: <a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/sharding/">sharding</a></li>
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