blob: 2ac0a9ae4c0cde13eb9dc3da42aeae13d07bfb6c [file] [log] [blame]
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" class="js csstransforms3d">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no">
<meta name="generator" content="Hugo 0.70.0" />
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="buildDate" content="2021-08-04 11:43:00">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/img/favicon.png" type="image/x-icon" />
<title>Principle :: ShardingSphere</title>
<link href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/css/nucleus.css?1628048580" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/css/font-awesome.min.css?1628048580" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/css/hybrid.css?1628048580" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/css/featherlight.min.css?1628048580" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css?1628048580" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/css/auto-complete.css?1628048580" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/css/theme.css?1628048580" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/css/hugo-theme.css?1628048580" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/css/theme-black.css?1628048580" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/js/jquery-2.x.min.js?1628048580"></script>
<style type="text/css">
:root #header + #content > #left > #rlblock_left{
display:none !important;
}
</style>
</head>
<body class="" data-url="/en/features/scaling/principle/">
<nav id="sidebar" class="">
<div id="header-wrapper">
<div id="header">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/"><img src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/img/logo_v2.png" /></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="highlightable">
<ul class="topics">
<li data-nav-id="/en/overview/" title="Overview" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/overview/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>1. </b>Overview
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/quick-start/" title="Quick Start" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/quick-start/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>2. </b>Quick Start
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/quick-start/shardingsphere-jdbc-quick-start/" title="ShardingSphere-JDBC" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/quick-start/shardingsphere-jdbc-quick-start/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>2.1. </b>ShardingSphere-JDBC
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/quick-start/shardingsphere-proxy-quick-start/" title="ShardingSphere-Proxy" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/quick-start/shardingsphere-proxy-quick-start/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>2.2. </b>ShardingSphere-Proxy
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/quick-start/shardingsphere-scaling-quick-start/" title="ShardingSphere-Scaling(Alpha)" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/quick-start/shardingsphere-scaling-quick-start/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>2.3. </b>ShardingSphere-Scaling(Alpha)
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/" title="Concepts &amp; Features" class="dd-item
parent
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3. </b>Concepts &amp; Features
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.1. </b>Sharding
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/concept/" title="Core Concept" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.1.1. </b>Core Concept
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/concept/sql/" title="SQL" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/sql/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
SQL
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/concept/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/concept/configuration/" title="Configuration" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/configuration/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Configuration
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/concept/inline-expression/" title="Inline Expression" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/inline-expression/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Inline Expression
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/concept/key-generator/" title="Distributed Primary Key" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/key-generator/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Distributed Primary Key
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/concept/hint/" title="Hint Sharding Route" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/concept/hint/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Hint Sharding Route
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/principle/" title="Guide to Kernel" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/principle/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.1.2. </b>Guide to Kernel
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/principle/parse/" title="Parse Engine" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/principle/parse/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Parse Engine
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/principle/route/" title="Route Engine" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/principle/route/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Route Engine
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/principle/rewrite/" title="Rewrite Engine" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/principle/rewrite/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Rewrite Engine
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/principle/execute/" title="Execute Engine" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/principle/execute/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Execute Engine
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/principle/merge/" title="Merger Engine" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/principle/merge/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Merger Engine
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/use-norms/" title="Use Norms" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/use-norms/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.1.3. </b>Use Norms
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/use-norms/sql/" title="SQL" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/use-norms/sql/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
SQL
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/sharding/use-norms/pagination/" title="Pagination" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/sharding/use-norms/pagination/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Pagination
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/" title="Distributed Transaction" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.2. </b>Distributed Transaction
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/concept/" title="Core Concept" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/concept/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.2.1. </b>Core Concept
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/concept/2pc-xa-transaction/" title="XA Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/concept/2pc-xa-transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
XA Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/concept/base-transaction-seata/" title="Seata BASE transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/concept/base-transaction-seata/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Seata BASE transaction
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/principle/" title="Principle" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/principle/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.2.2. </b>Principle
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/principle/2pc-xa-transaction/" title="XA Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/principle/2pc-xa-transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
XA Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/principle/base-transaction-seata/" title="Seata BASE transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/principle/base-transaction-seata/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Seata BASE transaction
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/use-norms/" title="Use Norms" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/use-norms/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.2.3. </b>Use Norms
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/use-norms/local-transaction/" title="Local Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/use-norms/local-transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Local Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/use-norms/2pc-xa-transaction/" title="XA transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/use-norms/2pc-xa-transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
XA transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/transaction/use-norms/base-transaction-seata/" title="Seata BASE transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/transaction/use-norms/base-transaction-seata/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Seata BASE transaction
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/readwrite-splitting/" title="Replica query" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/readwrite-splitting/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.3. </b>Replica query
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/readwrite-splitting/concept/" title="Core Concept" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/readwrite-splitting/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.3.1. </b>Core Concept
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/readwrite-splitting/use-norms/" title="Use Norms" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/readwrite-splitting/use-norms/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.3.2. </b>Use Norms
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/governance/" title="Governance" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/governance/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.4. </b>Governance
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/governance/management/" title="Management" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/governance/management/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.4.1 </b>Management
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/governance/management/registry-center/" title="Registry Center" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/governance/management/registry-center/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Registry Center
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/governance/management/dependency/" title="Third-party Components" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/governance/management/dependency/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Third-party Components
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/governance/management/change-history/" title="Change History" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/governance/management/change-history/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Change History
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/governance/observability/" title="Observability" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/governance/observability/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.4.2 </b>Observability
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/governance/observability/apm-integration/" title="APM Integration" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/governance/observability/apm-integration/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
APM Integration
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/governance/observability/agent/" title="Agent Integration" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/governance/observability/agent/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Agent Integration
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/scaling/" title="Scaling" class="dd-item
parent
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/scaling/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.5. </b>Scaling
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/scaling/concept/" title="Core Concept" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/scaling/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.5.1. </b>Core Concept
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/scaling/principle/" title="Principle" class="dd-item active">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/scaling/principle/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.5.2. </b>Principle
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/scaling/use-norms/" title="User Norms" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/scaling/use-norms/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.5.3. </b>User Norms
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/encrypt/" title="Encryption" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/encrypt/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.6. </b>Encryption
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/encrypt/concept/" title="Core Concept" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/encrypt/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.6.1. </b>Core Concept
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/encrypt/principle/" title="Principle" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/encrypt/principle/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.6.2. </b>Principle
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/encrypt/use-norms/" title="Use Norms" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/encrypt/use-norms/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.6.3. </b>Use Norms
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/shadow/" title="Shadow DB" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/shadow/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.7. </b>Shadow DB
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/shadow/concept/" title="Core Concept" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/shadow/concept/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.7.1. </b>Core Concept
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/shadow/principle/" title="Principle" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/shadow/principle/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.7.2. </b>Principle
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/" title="Dist SQL" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.8. </b>Dist SQL
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/" title="Syntax" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.8.1. </b>Syntax
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/rdl/" title="RDL Syntax" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/rdl/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.8.1.1 </b>RDL Syntax
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/rdl/rdl-resource/" title="Data Source" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/rdl/rdl-resource/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Data Source
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/rdl/rdl-sharding-rule/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/rdl/rdl-sharding-rule/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/rdl/rdl-readwrite-splitting-rule/" title="Readwrite-Splitting" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/rdl/rdl-readwrite-splitting-rule/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Readwrite-Splitting
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/rdl/rdl-encrypt-rule/" title="Encrypt" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/rdl/rdl-encrypt-rule/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encrypt
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/rdl/rdl-db-discovery-rule/" title="DB Discovery" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/rdl/rdl-db-discovery-rule/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
DB Discovery
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/rql/" title="RQL Syntax" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/rql/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.8.1.2 </b>RQL Syntax
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/rql/rql-resource/" title="Data Source" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/rql/rql-resource/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Data Source
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/rql/rql-sharding-rule/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/rql/rql-sharding-rule/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/rql/rql-readwrite-splitting-rule/" title="Readwrite-Splitting" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/rql/rql-readwrite-splitting-rule/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Readwrite-Splitting
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/rql/rql-encrypt-rule/" title="Encrypt" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/rql/rql-encrypt-rule/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encrypt
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/rql/rql-db-discovery-rule/" title="DB Discovery" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/rql/rql-db-discovery-rule/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
DB Discovery
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/sctl/" title="SCTL Syntax" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/sctl/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.8.1.3 </b>SCTL Syntax
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/sctl/sctl/" title="SCTL" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/syntax/sctl/sctl/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
SCTL
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/usage/" title="Usage" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/usage/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.8.2 </b>Usage
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/dist-sql/usage/sharding-rule/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/dist-sql/usage/sharding-rule/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/pluggable-architecture/" title="Pluggable Architecture" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/pluggable-architecture/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>3.9. </b>Pluggable Architecture
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/test-engine/" title="Test Engine" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/test-engine/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>3.10. </b>Test Engine
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/test-engine/integration-test/" title="Integration Test" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/test-engine/integration-test/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.9.1. </b>Integration Test
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/test-engine/parser-test/" title="SQL Parser Test" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/test-engine/parser-test/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.9.2. </b>SQL Parser Test
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/test-engine/rewrite-test/" title="SQL Rewrite Test" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/test-engine/rewrite-test/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.9.3. </b>SQL Rewrite Test
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/test-engine/performance-test/" title="Performance Test" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/test-engine/performance-test/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.9.4. </b>Performance Test
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/features/test-engine/performance-test-sysbench/" title="Performance Test(sysbench)" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/test-engine/performance-test-sysbench/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>3.9.5. </b>Performance Test(sysbench)
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/" title="User Manual" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4. </b>User Manual
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/" title="ShardingSphere-JDBC" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.1. </b>ShardingSphere-JDBC
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/" title="Usage" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.1.1. </b>Usage
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/" title="Data Sharding" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Data Sharding
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/java-api/" title="Use Java API" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/java-api/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Java API
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/yaml/" title="Use YAML" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/yaml/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use YAML
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/spring-boot-starter/" title="Use Spring Boot Starter" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/spring-boot-starter/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Spring Boot Starter
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/spring-namespace/" title="Use Spring Namespace" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/spring-namespace/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Spring Namespace
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/hint/" title="Hint" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/sharding/hint/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Hint
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/" title="Transaction" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Transaction
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/java-api/" title="Use Java API" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/java-api/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Java API
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/spring-boot-starter/" title="Use Spring Boot Starter" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/spring-boot-starter/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Spring Boot Starter
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/spring-namespace/" title="Use Spring Namespace" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/spring-namespace/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Spring Namespace
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/atomikos/" title="Atomikos Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/atomikos/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Atomikos Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/bitronix/" title="Bitronix Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/bitronix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Bitronix Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/narayana/" title="Narayana Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/narayana/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Narayana Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/seata/" title="Seata Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/transaction/seata/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Seata Transaction
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/" title="Governance" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Governance
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/java-api/" title="Use Java API" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/java-api/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Java API
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/yaml/" title="Use YAML" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/yaml/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use YAML
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/spring-boot-starter/" title="Use Spring Boot Starter" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/spring-boot-starter/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Spring Boot Starter
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/spring-namespace/" title="Use Spring Namespace" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/usage/governance/spring-namespace/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Use Spring Namespace
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/" title="Configuration Manual" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.1.2. </b>Configuration Manual
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/" title="Java API" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Java API
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/readwrite-splitting/" title="Readwrite-splitting" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/readwrite-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Readwrite-splitting
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/encrypt/" title="Encryption" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encryption
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/shadow/" title="Shadow DB" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Shadow DB
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/governance/" title="Governance" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Governance
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/mix/" title="Mixed Rules" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/mix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Mixed Rules
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/change-history/" title="Change History" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/java-api/change-history/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Change History
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/" title="YAML Configuration" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
YAML Configuration
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/readwrite-splitting/" title="Readwrite-splitting" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/readwrite-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Readwrite-splitting
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/encrypt/" title="Encryption" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encryption
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/shadow/" title="Shadow DB" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Shadow DB
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/governance/" title="Governance" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Governance
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/mix/" title="Mixed Rules" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/mix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Mixed Rules
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/change-history/" title="Change History" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/yaml/change-history/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Change History
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/" title="Spring Boot Starter Configuration" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Spring Boot Starter Configuration
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/readwrite-splitting/" title="Readwrite splitting" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/readwrite-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Readwrite splitting
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/encrypt/" title="Encryption" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encryption
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/shadow/" title="Shadow DB" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Shadow DB
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/governance/" title="Governance" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Governance
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/mix/" title="Mixed Rules" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/mix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Mixed Rules
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/change-history/" title="Change History" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-boot-starter/change-history/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Change History
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/" title="Spring Namespace Configuration" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Spring Namespace Configuration
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/sharding/" title="Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/readwrite-splitting/" title="Readwrite-splitting" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/readwrite-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Readwrite-splitting
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/encrypt/" title="Encryption" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encryption
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/shadow/" title="Shadow DB" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/shadow/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Shadow DB
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/governance/" title="Governance" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Governance
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/mix/" title="Mixed Rules" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/mix/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Mixed Rules
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/change-history/" title="Change History" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/spring-namespace/change-history/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Change History
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/" title="Built-in Algorithm" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
Built-in Algorithm
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/sharding/" title="Sharding Algorithm" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Sharding Algorithm
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/keygen/" title="Key Generate Algorithm" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/keygen/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Key Generate Algorithm
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/load-balance/" title="Load Balance Algorithm" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/load-balance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Load Balance Algorithm
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/encrypt/" title="Encryption Algorithm" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/built-in-algorithm/encrypt/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Encryption Algorithm
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/props/" title="Properties Configuration" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/configuration/props/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Properties Configuration
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/unsupported-items/" title="Unsupported Items" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-jdbc/unsupported-items/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>4.1.3. </b>Unsupported Items
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/" title="ShardingSphere-Proxy" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.2. </b>ShardingSphere-Proxy
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/" title="Usage" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.2.1. </b>Usage
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/startup/" title="Proxy Startup" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/startup/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Proxy Startup
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/governance/" title="Governance" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Governance
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/transaction/" title="Distributed Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/usage/transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Distributed Transaction
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/" title="Configuration Manual" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.2.2. </b>Configuration Manual
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/data-source/" title="Data Source Configuration" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/data-source/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Data Source Configuration
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/authentication/" title="Authentication" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/authentication/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Authentication
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/props/" title="Properties Configuration" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/props/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Properties Configuration
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/yaml-syntax/" title="YAML Syntax" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/configuration/yaml-syntax/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
YAML Syntax
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/docker/" title="Docker Image" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-proxy/docker/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>4.2.3. </b>Docker Image
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-sidecar/" title="ShardingSphere-Sidecar" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-sidecar/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>4.3. </b>ShardingSphere-Sidecar
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/" title="ShardingSphere-Scaling" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.4. </b>ShardingSphere-Scaling
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/build/" title="Build" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/build/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>4.4.1. </b>Build
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/usage/" title="Manual" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-scaling/usage/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>4.4.2. </b>Manual
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/" title="ShardingSphere-UI" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.5. </b>ShardingSphere-UI
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/" title="Manual" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>4.5.1. </b>Manual
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/build/" title="Build" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/build/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Build
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/registry-center/" title="Registry Center" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/registry-center/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Registry Center
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/rule-config/" title="Rule Config" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/rule-config/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Rule Config
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/runtime-status/" title="Runtime Status" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/user-manual/shardingsphere-ui/usage/runtime-status/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
Runtime Status
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/" title="Dev Manual" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>5. </b>Dev Manual
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/sql-parser/" title="SQL Parser" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/sql-parser/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.1. </b>SQL Parser
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/configuration/" title="Configuration" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/configuration/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.2. </b>Configuration
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/kernel/" title="Kernel" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/kernel/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.3. </b>Kernel
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/sharding/" title="Data Sharding" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/sharding/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.4. </b>Data Sharding
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/readwrite-splitting/" title="Readwrite-splitting" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/readwrite-splitting/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.5. </b>Readwrite-splitting
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/data-encryption/" title="Data Encryption" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/data-encryption/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.6. </b>Data Encryption
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/sql-audit/" title="SQL Audit" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/sql-audit/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.7. </b>SQL Audit
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/transaction/" title="Distributed Transaction" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/transaction/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.8. </b>Distributed Transaction
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/governance/" title="Distributed Governance" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/governance/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.9. </b>Distributed Governance
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/scaling/" title="Scaling" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/scaling/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.10. </b>Scaling
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/dev-manual/proxy/" title="Proxy" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/dev-manual/proxy/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
<b>5.11. </b>Proxy
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/downloads/" title="Downloads" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/downloads/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>6. </b>Downloads
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/others/" title="Others" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/others/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>7. </b>Others
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/others/faq/" title="FAQ" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/others/faq/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>7.1. </b>FAQ
</a>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/others/api-change-history/" title="API Change Histories" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/others/api-change-history/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>7.2. </b>API Change Histories
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/others/api-change-history/shardingsphere-jdbc/" title="ShardingSphere-JDBC" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/others/api-change-history/shardingsphere-jdbc/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg class="icon icon-down"
style="display: none;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M500.8 604.778667L267.306667 371.392l-45.226667 45.269333 278.741333 278.613334 278.485334-278.613334-45.248-45.248z" p-id="5376" ></path>
</svg>
<svg class="icon icon-right"
style="display: inline-block;"
viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" fill="#777">
<path d="M593.450667 512.128L360.064 278.613333l45.290667-45.226666 278.613333 278.762666L405.333333 790.613333l-45.226666-45.269333z" p-id="5605" ></path>
</svg>
</i>
<b>7.2.1. </b>ShardingSphere-JDBC
</a>
<ul>
<li data-nav-id="/en/others/api-change-history/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-configuration/" title="YAML configuration" class="dd-item ">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/others/api-change-history/shardingsphere-jdbc/yaml-configuration/">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
YAML configuration
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-nav-id="/en/others/api-change-history/shardingsphere-proxy/" title="ShardingSphere-Proxy" class="dd-item
">
<a href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/others/api-change-history/shardingsphere-proxy/">
<i class="collapse" style="display:inline; font-family:'courier';">
<svg viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5375" width="20" height="20"></svg>
</i>
<b>7.2.2. </b>ShardingSphere-Proxy
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<section id="prefooter">
<hr/>
<ul>
<li>
<a class="padding">
<i class="fa fa-fw fa-language"></i>
<div class="select-style">
<select id="select-language" onchange="location = this.value;">
<option id="en" value="/document/current/en/features/scaling/principle/" selected>English</option>
<option id="cn" value="/document/current/cn/features/scaling/principle/">简体中文</option>
</select>
<svg version="1.1" id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px"
width="255px" height="255px" viewBox="0 0 255 255" style="enable-background:new 0 0 255 255;" xml:space="preserve">
<g>
<g id="arrow-drop-down">
<polygon points="0,63.75 127.5,191.25 255,63.75 " />
</g>
</g>
</svg>
</div>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<hr />
<a class="padding" href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/pdf/shardingsphere_docs_en.pdf">
<i class="fa fa-fw fa-file-pdf-o" ></i>&nbsp;Download PDF&nbsp;&nbsp;
</a>
<section id="footer">
<p></p>
</section>
</div>
</nav>
<section id="body">
<div id="overlay"></div>
<div class="padding highlightable">
<div>
<div id="top-bar">
<div id="top-github-link">
<a class="github-link" title='Edit this page' href="https://github.com/apache/shardingsphere/tree/master/docs/document/content/features/scaling/principle.en.md" target="blank">
<i class="fa fa-code-fork"></i>
<span id="top-github-link-text">Edit this page</span>
</a>
</div>
<div id="breadcrumbs" itemscope="" itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb">
<span id="sidebar-toggle-span">
<a href="#" id="sidebar-toggle" data-sidebar-toggle="">
<i class="fa fa-bars"></i>
</a>
</span>
<span id="toc-menu"><i class="fa fa-list-alt"></i></span>
<span class="links">
<a href='https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/'>ShardingSphere</a> > <a href='https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/'>Concepts & Features</a> > <a href='https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/scaling/'>Scaling</a> > Principle
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="body-inner">
<h1>Principle</h1>
<nav id="TableOfContents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#principle-description">Principle Description</a></li>
<li><a href="#phase-description">Phase Description</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#preparing-phase">Preparing Phase</a></li>
<li><a href="#inventory-phase">Inventory Phase</a></li>
<li><a href="#incremental-phase">Incremental Phase</a></li>
<li><a href="#switching-phase">Switching Phase</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
<h2 id="principle-description">Principle Description</h2>
<p>Consider about these challenges of ShardingSphere-Scaling, the solution is: Use two database clusters temporarily, and switch after the scaling is completed.</p>
<p><img src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/img/scaling/scaling-principle-overview.en.png" alt="Scaling Principle Overview"></p>
<p>Advantages:</p>
<ol>
<li>No effect for origin data during scaling.</li>
<li>No risk for scaling failure.</li>
<li>No limited by sharding strategies.</li>
</ol>
<p>Disadvantages:</p>
<ol>
<li>Redundant servers during scaling.</li>
<li>All data needs to be moved.</li>
</ol>
<p>ShardingSphere-Scaling will analyze the sharding rules and extract information like datasource and data nodes.
According the sharding rules, ShardingSphere-Scaling create a scaling job with 4 main phases.</p>
<ol>
<li>Preparing Phase.</li>
<li>Inventory Phase.</li>
<li>Incremental Phase.</li>
<li>Switching Phase.</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/img/scaling/workflow.en.png" alt="Workflow"></p>
<h2 id="phase-description">Phase Description</h2>
<h3 id="preparing-phase">Preparing Phase</h3>
<p>ShardingSphere-Scaling will check the datasource connectivity and permissions, statistic the amount of inventory data, record position of log,
shard tasks based on amount of inventory data and the parallelism set by the user.</p>
<h3 id="inventory-phase">Inventory Phase</h3>
<p>Executing the Inventory data migration tasks sharded in preparing phase.
ShardingSphere-Scaling uses JDBC to query inventory data directly from data nodes and write to the new cluster using new rules.</p>
<h3 id="incremental-phase">Incremental Phase</h3>
<p>The data in data nodes is still changing during the inventory phase, so ShardingSphere-Scaling need to synchronize these incremental data to new data nodes.
Different databases have different implementations, but generally implemented by change data capture function based on replication protocols or WAL logs.</p>
<ul>
<li>MySQL:subscribe and parse binlog.</li>
<li>PostgreSQL:official logic replication <a href="https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.4/test-decoding.html">test_decoding</a>.</li>
</ul>
<p>These captured incremental data, Apache ShardingSphere also write to the new cluster using new rules.</p>
<h3 id="switching-phase">Switching Phase</h3>
<p>In this phase, there may be a temporary read only time, make the data in old data nodes static so that the incremental phase complete fully.
The read only time is range seconds to minutes, it depends on the amount of data and the checking data.
After finished, Apache ShardingSphere can switch the configuration by register-center and config-center, make application use new sharding rule and new data nodes.</p>
<footer class=" footline" >
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<div id="navigation">
<a class="nav nav-prev" href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/scaling/concept/" title="Core Concept"> <i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i></a>
<a class="nav nav-next" href="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/en/features/scaling/use-norms/" title="User Norms" style="margin-right: 0px;"><i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i></a>
</div>
</section>
<div style="left: -1000px; overflow: scroll; position: absolute; top: -1000px; border: none; box-sizing: content-box; height: 200px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 200px;">
<div style="border: none; box-sizing: content-box; height: 200px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 200px;"></div>
</div>
<script src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/js/clipboard.min.js?1628048580"></script>
<script src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/js/perfect-scrollbar.min.js?1628048580"></script>
<script src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js?1628048580"></script>
<script src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/js/jquery.sticky.js?1628048580"></script>
<script src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/js/featherlight.min.js?1628048580"></script>
<script src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/js/html5shiv-printshiv.min.js?1628048580"></script>
<script src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/js/highlight.pack.js?1628048580"></script>
<script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script>
<script src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/js/modernizr.custom.71422.js?1628048580"></script>
<script src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/js/learn.js?1628048580"></script>
<script src="https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/current/js/hugo-learn.js?1628048580"></script>
</body>
</html>